Time symbolising 2

Ramadan, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Rahu, Aquarius, Wotan, Odin, Shu, New Moon Maiden, Baal, Anath, Big Dipper, Ursa Major, Ugarit, Bearwatcher, Phoenicians, Lokasenna

We can learn about the other quarter of year and Ramadan by looking at the astronomic carvings in Haugsbyn.

Then seeing a connection to this section with figurative star constellations is easy. From left we see Eagle, Dog, Arcturus and Scorpio. It is typical for Dal that Scorpio consists of writing symbols.

A B C

Only the Tab of Scorpio with a few more stars to the left is not in the picture and could have been used about 4200 BC. B is from Fossum Bohuslaen and the little pig shows that they surely had many other idols in sky. C is from Backa Bohuslaen and the rock is filled with symbols and figures in no order.

Antares and Scorpio were important symbols for about 2000 years. We do not know their methods for sure and it can have fix-star for spring rituals even if opposite to the normal fix-stars.

 …It is a Sumerian symbol MADA and is corresponding to Nordic ADDA for Serpens and serpents in general. If we add a prefix RA = border we get RAMADA and it is a bit of the special language in ancient astronomy.

On rock 4 Haugsbyn is a very well formed line with poles/symbols, which surely is no boat, and in the place of the section with Mada. It has a pole in the middle and outer crooked poles and as I thought about a square and trying it as a Ramadan-side was natural. To fill the abstract symbol we can set in the figures from rock 5 at the same place.

A B

Setting the boat-lifter on the side where I expected Aquarius was natural. The associations to Wotan or Odin the sailing leader was also natural. Above it is the little Egyptian Shu also associated to the autumn side and further more the double stroked footprints.

In the middle is a light bend stroke like those on the symbols with Twins. Later I could give the symbol the sound AK and the position a name LEAK, which is still in use in northern Asia.

Later the upper figure inspired me to seek if it were symbolising a real corner to a "harg" on the Thing place. The harg is supposed to be some fence with wooden poles "stavgaard" called in the law of Gotland. We know the custom to make squared temples in the open air from the Ionian world. It was perhaps because their gods were in the sky?

Saying it exactly how they used it is impossible, but the aim was to decide time according to movements of sun, moon and stars. For the Ramadan they needed only 90 degrees or a side of the square. From rock 1 we se they pictured only 180 degrees and it look like a triangle. The shown corner seems to be apart but that depends on the rock that nature has divided in two. Later when they got used or the ritual were not the same and the vi needed only 22,5 degrees angle to follow the round.

They have perhaps carved the big rocks 1 and 4 during a long time and mainly about 2200 to 1000 BC. However overall some carvings in Haugsbyn can be from the fourth millenium and onwards. Auriga as Water-Maiden and New-moon-Maiden are probably the oldest leading ladies, while the pure Egyptian influence is of a later date.

The winged sword knob may date one of the figures. Yet the waved serpent line and some symbols seem older. They are the pole star in Little Bear, Urn, Mada and Dog symbols, the triangle below and the pillar I call Maidenstone up to some place names on the same theme.

Talking about the Naked or the New Moon Maiden is easier than be using ancient names. We do not for sure know if they belonged to the icons and idols. The naked were perhaps Auriga on the Watergate and in Haugsbyn we also see the typical symbols for the virgin with two aspects Virgo and New Moon. The typical figure is then the Maiden with an open fork and giving her seed to earth.

I am sure that they used the main archetypes in the Old World long before agriculture began. Often it is difficult o decide whether she is Maiden of Water or the Birth-giving Maiden. It is like Aphrodite Ouranos or Aphrodite of Seas from Cyprus.

They are both the main aspects of mother-hood and other goddesses or idols are sub-aspects on the theme. In Egypt Isis were the Lady of House and her star probably Auriga. In Sumer and Babylon that place seems to be occupied by male idols. But in Indus we have the Naked together with the Engender. In the Sumerian literature we know Inanna is the lady at least in one city and earlier together with her sister also known in the Aegean sphere.

In Middle East there was always a mix because the "nations" had their trading centres with the culture from their homeland. The overall picture is seemingly different idols from place to place, but the structures were the same. To try to generalise is not worthwhile.

However we know the Naked from Middle East and perhaps she is an aspect of the big nursing breast seen on Malta too. Ugarit on the Syrian coast is today the best-known international city from that time.

I have not learnt much by the latest excavation in fashion Ebla in Syria. However it is a good thing that backgrounds to the bible become better known. The cultural imperialism caused by that is too much for me as a true democrat. Then no people should be better and preferred than other.

We know that the main deity in the area was El, the bull like the symbolism in Egypt. The custom in that area is to give the highest many flowering names "the highest of the highest" and so on. So the monotheism was latent long before the Hebrews left the bull for the patriarch. That is the oldest symbol in Near East but mostly called "the faithful herd of heaven" by the Sumerians.

They reflect the change of a god in the texts from Ugarit. They left a cycle of poems about Baal and Anath much a parallel to Inanna and Dumuzi and the Babylonian Ishtar and Tammuz. The new was a sea-god Yam since they lived near the Mediterranean maybe. He asks the gods of Ugarit to give him Baal. Then Baal teaches his assembly of gods:

.

A being surely the head of Serpent opposite to the Flood creek. We have some dippers too and we may see the Flood creek as a dipper however we have other figures like that for instance the Big Dipper or Ursa Major.

B is perhaps Urn, which also would be usable.

C is the Lyre and may be only a change in fashion as it is on the same line as head of Dog.

Flood is the symbol in the right upper corner. Still, they had the Naked staying on a bull and their heavenly aspects are surely Auriga and Ox. Note also the world pillar besides in the Syrian mode.

From the poem we can note the twin gods and that they were reading the Law. Then telling that they had laws and that Gemini brothers were law readers in the round. We learn something about manners in the Ugarit council too. In another verse they tell us about guards and piece by piece we get the Hittitian aedicula as organisation of the society. It is including the pillar in the seal.

Who knows maybe later generations will find and excavate other cities with more and altering information. I think Ugarit is the source to many figures in Bohuslaen and perhaps also Evenstorp and the Naked on the rock with laws in Haugsbyn. The Phoenicians are known carriers.

Some ideas we might have got directly from the Hittites. For long they believed that Cybele/Kybebe of Anatolia had many breasts, surprise they were not breasts but testicles from bulls, at least on the statues. Still, she was the nursing one. They had also Sarku the horned with big breasts and two kids sucking her. Of course we believe she was a human goddess, and she could also be a cow.

Among gods the more organised families came with the Romans mirrored in the pantheon. The Celts had for instance the three Maidens of birth-giving and later they were part of the household in the aristocracy.

We need not to know all these exactly since we can get a good picture of their thoughts by knowing they used the female as animation of vegetative life. The natural life they knew by practice. When we want to tie the aspects to the round tied to the solstice, we need to see some logic and sequences in it.

We see an odd couple, and in the other pair the bigger slaughter the smaller and maybe it is harvest. The Piper's sword knob has a wing if we see closely on the rock and then it is Halstatt type.

We see also "new moon" and above the inset of five days. They connect the Mada-symbol to a footprint with toes. A circle with marked halves is symbol of the shift of half year. The odd ship with a U-symbol is the constellation Urn and maybe telling that the opposite part is Flood then dating it to that. The round along the Adda makes it possible to see that they could have made and used it from about 3100 BC to the last millenium.

Here we look at some details about myth and fix-stars on the rocks near the Thing Place Haugsbyn. The asterisms tie our interpreting physically to astronomy. Then we have only to find the explanations from known cultures and by the logic in what we see.

We get the impression that they mean to lead the sight to the foot with an askew toe. They used also to mark Perseus and then it is the spring equinox in the toe ca 2000 BC.

It became natural to try Koschab as a pole star and it fits for the time 3100 to 1000 BC. It is with the accuracy we need for this solving of the structures.

They also show it in use for observing some units in the sky, but also for the moon ritual. We have a stela in Fergelanda with a hack on one side. Folk memories tell that accident during transport made it. I do not believe the story as I have seen the pillar and it seem unnatural. Comparing the shape of the pillar with Auriga and the hack of three stars in one side is nearer the solution, I believe.

Place names are also folk memory and tell us about Gyrstone, Maidenstone, Oathstone, Freystone and maybe some more. Then seeing these as reference stones or manifestation for memory on ritual places is easy. Since we see some graduation, we can suggest they used them for observation. The technical word "graduate" is in place because they needed them for required accuracy at the time.

A..... …B

In the Hittitian aedicula the priest-king stands on a high boot. That is meaning his nearest men in the assembly. In sky it is Boautes or Bearwatcher, which I sometimes call Arcturus because the name sounds like a "turn" on the round. Another name is Archer, a guard for the goddess and probably in practice the king and his men and their stores. About the big boot is a symbol w can see as tools in observing.

The high boot in A being from rock 4 and there is a moon symbol with three strokes marking days. It is the three days in beginning of August when the moon is at its lowest maybe. In cities where they had a moon god and goddess as symbols for fertility it was perhaps symbolising the full moon pregnant with harvest.

Then the star fit as symbol seven weeks before the autumn equinox.

This symbol is one of the 45 terms for bread in Egyptian and was perhaps the sound DI meaning to give or offer. In our languages the syllable DI usually expresses two sides as in giving. When speaking about bread, it is just the season of Olof's kaka defined above.

A nordic suitable sound is VI near the Greek PHI we should write FI within the pronunciation of VI. The symbol is much alike early Greek, Etruscan, Cyprus and maybe others. We find this shape also in the establishment in Jelling where a shrine might have been in the place of the stroke.

The angle of the wings is 1/16 of the horizon and this is also the angle between head of Capricorn and head of Dog. On the Dog line we have also head of Aquila/Eagle, Lyre and maybe in late time the most important Dragon Eye. I have read somewhere that it was important in the moon calculation but cannot find it again. Then I mean something more than the Dragon month.

The moon's orbit slopes 5 degrees compared to the sun orbit. The points were the moon orbit crosses the sun orbit are called nodes. Then we get a rising node and a descending node. A Dragon month is the shortest or 27,112 sun days.

Then it is the movement of the moon phases compared with the stars. It is the time of the rising node of the moon in the dragon eye and the descending node in the dragon tail. In the symbolism there is also a bit of a tail and maybe it is the Dragon Tail (Phaistos) . The points are wandering in a cycle of 18,61 years. Then first measure of the dragon month seems to have been recorded in the world of star constellations.

I think one of them show "Bunnan Addan" or how to tie Fenrisulven, the Dragon. That means simply that the ritual lines in sky were here. The cupmarks showing the Dragon's head are lying under or over how we now express it.

The figure shows that perhaps they drew one line to the end of Capricorn and another to the head of Dog/Sagittarius from the opposite Cancer. There are a season symbol and two PA as beginning of the lines. This corresponds to the square and the PA there. Both the pictures on the outside tell about "going to Underworld". The one with the hand associate to metal work and the other to ploughing.

 …B we find in several versions and so also in the Linear A at Crete and in Hittitian symbols. They are naturally diddies of heaven and in this version they mark the pole towards earth as if it were in earth. In normal logic it means, "earthed".

We can compare A with the poles with crossbars in B above. We find more of them in many places as for instance at Jaerestad 4 Skaane rings are rigged on a ship. The Ramadan boat at rock 4 Haugsbyn has curved poles as if they fenced in something and the same we find in Egypt.

One cannot see directly at the brightest elements such as sun in the sky. But if we know the sky we can use two stars at a distance from the sought element. Then get the proof of several elements aligned.

My surveys have mostly concerned the time about 2000 BC because we have enough material at that stage. In that time we se that the glyph language flowers in Scandinavia and they are using the picturing glyphs partly borrowed from Sumerian and other systems in the Near East.

Later Bronze Age would be too confusing and the materials are too much about nobility and far from practical everyday life.

We have also carvings in the Woods from the time about 1200 BC when Aries became the symbol of the spring equinox. However, they do not add much to the main examination of the yearly round.

The hand came a little later with the Phoenicians. It shows another system or method to look at the Animal Round. Nevertheless the star constellations and the year were of course as ever before and so the myths. It was just another way to decide the important events in the year. In many places that were the same as to introduce a new highest god. With that a new rule in the provinces where the nobility had success.

I am not one of those who speculate in big bosses ruling the country since we cannot proof it and then the question about sufficient population in inland. From the later history we know that there were folklands with ritual leaders and perhaps a nobility that organised trade. Trade there has always been and that mean needs for organising a crew for ships

On the Ronar spit Haugsbyn there are some hand symbols. We can understand the rock roughly as a law to organise a small peasant society. There is a short review of the peasants' year and signs of organising the village life and share the fields, but more about this in next chapters.

A central theme is the mourning mother and the gathered bones and we know that theme from the Isis myth. The dog-like figure we can place on one side of Watergate on the other side is the ferryman and he has the symbol of Capricorn as headgear.

In the Edda it is the Balder's myth and his dead while the feast of Aegir in beginning of August. Maybe this myth was a mission by the Handman as a by-product or selling method is a question for the future.

Summarising we can see all these pieces of information as bits of the mosaic that proofs our ancestors used a mix of practical astronomy and myths as a ritual calendar for the year.

To be exact we can only connect this to the places where the carvings occur, and to this we also relate a custom like simple cupmarks. We find them in many places in places suitable for agriculture in Scandinavia. They are just a sign that someone once "went to Underworld" with something. Sometimes it was a corpse and sometimes corns in hope for resurrection. It is always a proof of man being there.

If we compare with the myths in Near East, we get words to our pictures. They need not be right as long as the picture is reality. In our poetry we do not care for the words, but for what we feel or can get by mirroring to our own life and experiences. That is the way we must see our ancestors' myths and pictures. They picture their year and mostly what they needed to get food on the table ... Those who want to see cults for the sake of cults are free to try.

The carvings on Dal are extremely logic. Most of them are untouched and without many confusing layers. My study in the ancient language and its symbols is still unfinished, but a current stage is in a few chapters after the analysis of the contents of our carvings. Thinking that a special vocabulary for rituals was understandable everywhere in the Old World is reasonable.

My study in the real language shows some elements that must be remains from the ritual age and the common believes that Mights governed their life. The concrete rulers were of course the elderly people as the Greeks said in the geronsia and in cities the temples and perhaps a priest king.

The abstract symbol language is naturally evidence when we estimate the intellectual stage. They had to be clever and wise to overcome problems about which we never would dream. It is nothing for the average man of our age to solve. That is when we in detail study every symbol and also the organisation and means they used.

Archaeologists or at least some of them expect they should use a brush in a hundred years before making conclusions. In a hundred years time there is not much left, I think. Sometimes being sceptic is wise but we have to fill in many black holes where time has brushed out the evidence.

For instance can we ask if they used birch-bark as paper and used it for memory keeping. Many symbols are exact copies from south. How were they distributed? Just one of many questions we need to think about to understand the technical side of how they created the symbols.

By experience I know that precession is not easy to understand at once. The movements of moon and sun together are not much easier to catch. It is not too reliable as tool in dating for instance. When I "discovered" precession I think my excitement was of the same class as when our ancestors get hold of it.

For them it was serious business and for me too once I have decided to know. Still it is a good help to understand their rituals and yearly life. From Egypt we know about one correction of symbols about 1159 BC, when the use of Scorpio and Ox had been far too out of date. Maybe they used Kaitos/Whale instead of Ox.

In the other cultures in Near East we do not find the same continuity. The newcomers had their own calendar and often near to the best star for the spring equinox. Maybe we see some changes about 2000 BC and those cultures are using Flood, Perseus/Pleiades and later Whale/Wild Bull as fix-stars.

The knowledge about the importance of the heavenly round and precession made it easier to understand the mythical symbols in all cultures overall. Relatively few animals are used in the symbolism. That fact may us ask why and so on.

In Egypt are seemingly few changes during 2000 years but our narrow sources before the New Kingdom could also cause this. Another fact is that Egyptians did not know about reformism or the religion of renewing our commercialism is about. Their style was traditionalism and I believe that is the normal in every time among ordinary people.

When we understand that they tied their entire outlook to the stars and their aspects on earth understanding the traditionalism is easier. No one quit the gambler's rule to stay with the winning system? First when old marks are totally out of date and does not fit any more they seek new ones, however it can be with pain or trouble.

We know too little about the causes to wars and changes in fix-stars or religion in the early cultures. Instead I suggest that we are flexible and see some changes as necessary caused by precessions. Others are changes in rulership with their own ritual calendar and as third some new culture rises and make its own calendar. It were custom that they counted time from the birth of rulership or foundation.

Maybe we will never know about the mechanism behind all that we see in different styles and remaining manifestations. Still we have to presume that the best farming land has been claimed for since the ice left Scandinavia. With farming land I mean the total production of wild and tame animals and the trials in agriculture becoming continuous first in Iron Age.

Besides that we can presume there have been culture carriers. In our sense a nobility of traders and richer farms selling tools and metals and if possible also mission for agriculture or anything that could create a new market.

Their culture and technology were no threat against nature at that stage. But, our own over-consuming and polluting technology is nothing to prefer as we have gone too far in speculation. With these sentences I mean we shall not idealise either our culture or their.

I see the genetic theories as pure speculation without substance. We cannot measure the complexity of cultural forming with a simple relation. With the perspective in time to good old Lucy we cannot derive 4000 years of civilisation from 1,5 million years as the root. Then give us an ur-home somewhere 4000 years ago? ... it is as simple as that.

It became almost absurd when I went into detail in cultures and languages. The Aryanism they use only in struggle for power and cultural imperialism. The worst still living example is Israel as the chosen people up to them and their followers. Still, the physical facts are that all the peoples in Palestine and Levant has their roots in that area.

The Hebrews were "on a tour" in two known periods. They stayed in Sinai for forty years, maybe as smiths in the iron business? Was Palestine empty then and before that? They also tell about Philistines and other neighbours and in Northern Israel there are signs of destroying a much older culture. Unfortunately many of the diggers in the area wear glasses and try to find evidence for their own theses instead of searching for whatever it is but true.

Lack of knowledge causes all their pseudo-arguments about the true history. Still, worst of all lack of sense and will to democracy. A global democracy should mirror local democracy. In a local democracy we cannot prefer one group for another. It is a question of equality and the humanity to care for third man, the innocent part. Israel and their protector America have much to learn about true democracy instead of power politics.

When we look at our most used rock with carvings from different periods and sources, the conclusion must be that influence is the "natural method". They have brought new elements to us slowly during four thousand years before the time we can better describe.

We can speculate in the carriers. It can be by interactive trade, mission, tourism or brought by immigrants and sorting it out is difficult. The main thing is that some elements had to be imported by some means because they could not have invented them locally.

We have to understand that agriculture cannot begin only by sending a bag with corn to Scandinavia and suppose that they knew how to use. Then it is another thing that a new technique has to be adapted to local conditions. That had to be done by local people.

I think no one has really thought through the extension of the question. In my books I have only touched the question when the problem was current. What I mean is that I had no time for a systematically analysis of how it works when they transfer new technology from a culture to another. I do not agree with those who say categorically that culture cannot be transferred ... with the afterthought "exactly". For instance to transfer the art of growing corn from a culture to another demand for accuracy ... and adaptation.

It is the Feast of Aegir from Lokasenna in the Edda. The entire round is visible except Hermod who is in Hel asking for Balder, i.e. the Crab/Cancer. It is only in the Northern sky we have this myth We see also that it was easy to make the Ramadan synchronising at this time.

It is showing the feast of Aegir when all signs in the zodiac are visible except Cancer. If we compare with Cairo we see that we can see eleven signs at once, which is impossible in Egypt. Their ecliptic is rising from the horizon whole the year. Our ecliptic alternates between almost lying in the end of July and with the moon low and parallel with earth at Ramadan. Then it is high at the winter solstice and we can follow it almost in every direction.

The pole star is above our head and for a while I believed it was important and the "Skew" a slanting pole. Now I am not so sure and believe it was the djed-pillar. The pole star is most evident difference between the Scandinavian and the Egyptian or Sumerian sky. I borrowed the myths from Sumer and the calendar from Egypt. Egyptians spoke about "Horus of the horizon" and used perhaps the four cardinal points in their observations. They mostly tie their symbols of moon and sun to the horizon.

The feast of Aegir is also the Celtic feast and something more than eating, drinking, singing and dancing. Other Nordic words are "gille" and Finnish "talko" and understood is that it is after being working together with some-thing. Everyone is giving to the common table after capability.

Then it is a sign of community where everyone one belongs and is cared for. We can always find some sophisticated ethics behind seemingly prosaic matters. This is the ethics of caring for the Naked in every sense.