Jan Willemz Couwenhoven was baptized on 5-Mar-1615 at Dutch Reformed Church, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands. He was the son of Willem Jansz Couwenhoven and Geertge Jansdr.

     Peter Willemz Couwenhoven was baptized on 8-Feb-1618 at Dutch Reformed Church, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands. He was the son of Willem Jansz Couwenhoven and Geertge Jansdr.

     Emmitgen Willemz Couwenhoven was baptized on 21-May-1620 at Dutch Reformed Church, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands. She was the daughter of Willem Jansz Couwenhoven and Geertge Jansdr.

     Cornelis Willemz Couwenhoven was baptized on 9-Mar-1624 at Dutch Reformed Church, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands. He was the son of Willem Jansz Couwenhoven and Geertge Jansdr.

     Tuentge married Coenrat Jacobs.

      Lammatje Van Vechten was born on 23-Apr-1693 at Flatbush, Kings County, New York. Lammatje married Peter Staats on 29-Aug-1712 at Flatbush, Kings County, New York.
     Lammatje Van Vechten was also known as Lummatje Veghte.

      John J. Conover was born on 25-Mar-1817. He was the son of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck. John J. Conover died on 1-Mar-1885 at age 67; did not marry.

      William Schenck Conover was born on 8-Dec-1818 at home farm near, Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck. William married Elizabeth Gangwer, daughter of Jacob Gangwer and Mary Shook, on 12-Apr-1846 at Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. William Schenck Conover died on 1-Feb-1850 at age 31.
     He resided at at Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, circa 1846.

      Mary Conover was born on 2-Nov-1820. She was the daughter of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck. Mary married Isaac Young in 1841. Mary Conover died on 11-Nov-1849 at age 29.

     Isaac married Mary Conover, daughter of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck, in 1841.

      David Conover was born on 24-May-1825 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck. David married Henrietta V. D. Williamson, daughter of William W. Williamson and Eliza Stout Van Doren, on 6-Oct-1857. David Conover died on 20-Jul-1897 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, at age 72.

      Martha Conover was born on 22-May-1829. She was the daughter of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck. Martha Conover died on 25-Apr-1830.

      Elizabeth Gangwer was born on 8-Dec-1821. She was the daughter of Jacob Gangwer and Mary Shook. Elizabeth married William Schenck Conover, son of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck, on 12-Apr-1846 at Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Elizabeth married Fayette Ramsey after 1-Feb-1850. Elizabeth Gangwer died on 29-Jun-1872 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, at age 50.

      Jacob Gangwer was born on 27-Feb-1791 at Pennsylvania. Jacob married Mary Shook. Jacob Gangwer died in 1872.

     Mary married Jacob Gangwer.

     Fayette married Elizabeth Gangwer, daughter of Jacob Gangwer and Mary Shook, after 1-Feb-1850.
     Fayette Ramsey resided at at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, circa 1-Feb-1850.

      Charles Hopkins Conover was born on 12-Jul-1847 at Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. He was the son of William Schenck Conover and Elizabeth Gangwer. Charles Hopkins Conover was born on 12-Jul-1849 at Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Charles married Della Louise Boardman, daughter of Henry E. J. Boardman and Mittie E. Williams, on 7-Dec-1881.
     Charles Hopkins Conover resided at at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, after 1-Feb-1850. He resided at at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, in 1871.



On 1912 authored The Conover Family.

      Henry Conover was born on 13-Feb-1849 at Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. He was the son of William Schenck Conover and Elizabeth Gangwer. Henry married Kate Barton Armstrong on 18-May-1871 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York. Henry Conover died on 24-Jul-1885 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, at age 36.

      Henrietta V. D. Williamson was born on 7-Feb-1837 at Montgomery, New Jersey. She was the daughter of William W. Williamson and Eliza Stout Van Doren. Henrietta married David Conover, son of Jonathan Higgins Conover and Anne Schenck, on 6-Oct-1857. Henrietta V. D. Williamson died on 26-Apr-1891 at age 54.

      William W. Conover was born on 15-May-1861 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson. William married Mary J. Housel on 24-Nov-1887. William W. Conover died on 7-May-1910 at age 48.

      Jonathan Higgins Conover was born on 28-Jun-1863 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson. Jonathan married Lillian Arnwine, daughter of Charles Arnwine and Josephine Lawrence, on 21-Aug-1889.
     Jonathan Higgins Conover was also known as Dr. John Conover.

      Robert Manning Conover was born on 23-Feb-1870 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson. Robert married Lavinia Little on 24-Mar-1897.

      Howard Conover was born on 19-May-1875 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He died on 20-May-1875 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson.

      Jesse Bodine Conover was born on 3-Feb-1877 at Cooper Hill, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He was the son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson. Jesse married Gertrude C. Sullivan on 27-Jul-1905.

      Della Louise Boardman was born on 31-Oct-1859 at Marshalltown, Marshall County, Iowa. She was the daughter of Henry E. J. Boardman and Mittie E. Williams. Della married Charles Hopkins Conover, son of William Schenck Conover and Elizabeth Gangwer, on 7-Dec-1881.

      Elinor Conover was born on 15-May-1885 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. She was the daughter of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman. Elinor married Ralph Woodland Owen, son of John S. Owen and Josephine (Unknown), on 21-Jun-1910. Elinor Conover died in May-1973 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois.
     

      Della Boardman Conover was born on 20-May-1887 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. She was the daughter of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman. Della married Dr. Eugene Solomon Talbot Jr. MD on 29-Mar-1910.

      Margaret Boardman Conover was born on 1-Sep-1888 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. She was the daughter of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman.
     

      Henry Boardman Conover was born on 19-Jan-1892 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. He was the son of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman. Henry Boardman Conover died on 5-May-1950 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, at age 58.
     



He served in WW I. 1st Lt. 332 Regiment Field Artillery; 86th Division U.S. Army.

BOARDMAN CONOVER, 1892-1950
BY STEPHEN S. GREGORY, JR. AND A. L. RAND
BOARDMAN CONOVER was an ornithologist linking the days when private bird collections were of world importance and the present era when most important collections are in public institutions. By specializing in game birds, which for him included cranes, rails, tinamous, shore birds, doves, gallinaceous birds and ducks, Conover was able to build up an outstanding collection with a world coverage, and these he housed, and worked on, in the Chicago Natural History Museum.
His modesty and his retiring habits limited the number of those who knew him well. But he was an excellent host, and his occasional game dinners at his apartment were a feature of the ornithological world in Chicago, both to local and visiting bird men. A wealth of correspondence with people in all parts of the world kept a stream of selected specimens trickling into his collection.
(Henry) Boardman Conover was born in Chicago, January 18, 1892, the youngest child of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman Conover. He had three sisters: Elinor (now Mrs. Ralph W. Owen of Eau Claire, Wisconsin), Della B. (now Mrs. Eugene S. Talbot of Chicago) and Margaret B. His father was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, July 12, 1847, and moved to Chicago in 1871, where he engaged in business and became president of the hardware firm of Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett and Co. The name Conover evolves from Van Couwenhoven, and Wolfert Van Couwenhoven was the first member of the family to settle in America, coming from Amersfoort, The Netherlands, in 1630. His mother was born in Marietta, Iowa, October 31, 1859. Her father, Henry E. J. Boardman, was a lawyer, who before moving West graduated from Dartmouth and taught for a
time in an eastern college. Conover's preparatory education was received in the Chicago Latin School and the Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He then attended the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, receiving the degree of Ph.B. in 1912. His training was in civil engineering, and in this capacity he served with the United States Reclamation Service in Las Cruces, New Mexico, from 1912-1913, and then practiced engineering for a short time with the Pennsylvania Railroad, living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This was followed by a few years of business experience with the Stewart Manufacturing Company in Chicago. Then in World War I he served overseas in France, as 1st Lieutenant in the 332 Regiment of Field Artillery with the 86th Division of the United States Army.
From early boyhood Boardman Conover had been interested in living things. As such boys do, he collected cocoons and birds' eggs, and kept pets which ranged from white rats to parrots and chameleons.
His father, a successful business man, had no interest in hunting, or in wildlife. But he was sympathetic with his son's interests and encouraged him in many ways. He provided him with a variety of pets, and from the time he was nine years old sent him to a boys' camp in Wisconsin for part of each summer. Books were one of his father's main outside interests, and this is reflected in his having handsomely bound some of the early bird pamphlets his son secured.
Late in 1904 Boardman's father introduced him to Fred Surkamer, the head gunsmith for Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett and Co. This was a contact of far reaching importance. The immediate result was a special shotgun to fit the frame of the 12-year-old boy. But also Boardman and Surkamer became friends and soon Mr. Conover planned a shooting trip for the two. It was Surkamer, a man of high ideals and a capable sportsman, who taught the boy to shoot, instilled in him the rules and ethics of the game, and directed his awakening interest in sport. In line with this, Boardman's father, in 1914,
arranged for his son's election to the Swan Lake Club, Illinois, where he continued to shoot ducks each fall. His guns, his bird dogs, his bird shooting, and his library of sporting books were interests that continued throughout his life. As a young man all his spare time was spent with them. His shooting records, in which every day's bag is entered with date, place, gun used, and the number of individuals of each kind of game begins with one gray
squirrel shot in Virginia on November 16, 1904 (when he was 12 years old) with a borrowed gun. The next year, on April 5, 1950 (spring shooting was legal then) is entered his first bag of birds--one Lesser Scaup and two Coots shot with his own 16-gauge Parker in Illinois. From then on not a year is missed in the record. Before he was out of school he had ranged as far afield as South Dakota for ducks, and Wyoming for Sage Grouse. In later years he travelled to Texas, Utah, South Dakota, and Saskatchewan for game birds. For the period he was on active service in France the record is tenuous, but it includes such things as the European Woodcock and the European Coot. It continues until 1950, when the Bob-white Quail shot during his last winter in Florida are entered. Big game interested him little. Though in 1919 and 1920 he travelled to Yukon to shoot sheep, caribou, bear, and moose he took a shotgun and shot birds whenever possible. In mentioning certain aspects of these trips, important points that came to his mind were of
specimens he had been unable to shoot because the guide feared the shots would alarm big game.
It was probably in 1919 that Conover met Dr. W. H. Osgood, then' assistant curator of mammalogy and ornithology of the Field Museum as it was known at that time. This was a turning point in Conover's life. Not particularly happy in business and with means enough to make it unnecessary for him, a new and more satisfyingl ife appeared for him. Hitherto his interests in game birds had been that of a sportsman. Under Osgood's influence he learned how to collect and study them. The first fruit of this was a collecting trip for the Museum to Venezuela in early 1920, with Dr. Osgood. It was on this' trip that Conover, who did the game bird collecting, learned to make scientific specimens. In 1918, in the diary of his Yukon hunting trip he writes of attempting to make bird skins, but most of them were thrown away. Apparently only a single specimen survived these efforts, a Willow Ptarmigan. But on the Venezuela trip, under Osgood's tutorage, Conover made a collection of 133 specimens. The next step was study of the material collected and with Osgood he prepared a report on the collection, that was subsequently published. This confirmed his decision to abandon business and to embark on
ornithology as a full-time career. As he wrote Osgood about this time, "During our recent trip to Venezuela I became seriously interested in the formation of a special study collection of game birds."
In July, 1920, arrangements were made whereby the collection was to be housed in the Chicago Natural History Museum (then the Field Museum), which proved to be its permanent home. Thus was the collection started. Conover's next trip, in the autumn of 1920, was to Yukon ostensibly for big game but birds received more attention than did big game, and a collection of just over 100 bird skins resulted. Two years later, in 1922, Conover took part in another Museum expedition to South America, again with Dr. Osgood and with Mr. Colin C. Sanborn (now curator of mammals). After spending some time in Chile they left Mr. Sanborn there, and Dr. Osgood and Conover went on to collect in Argentina; they made a short stop, but did no
collecting, in Brazil on the way home in 1923. In 1924 Conover spent the spring and summer in the Hooper Bay area of Alaska with Mr. H. W. Brandt of Cleveland and Mr. O. J. Murie. Here Conover specialized in game birds, especially downy young, and published the results of this trip in 'The Auk' for 1926.
In January, 1925, he made a short trip into Mexico. In 1926 Conover, in cooperation with Mr. R. H. Everard of Detroit, financed an expedition to east Africa, on which they were accompanied by Mr. JohnT . Zimmer,then assistant curator of birds of the Museum staff, and collected in Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, and Uganda, leaving the country via Mombasa. Expedition life, much as he enjoyed it, was not for Conover. His health ruled it out. He was never really well after his African trip. On it he had an attack of what was diagnosed as intestina malaria, and this continued for many years a drain on his strength. He developed asthma about 1942 and it became progressively more severe. Neither the high altitude of Wyoming nor the damp air at sea level in Florida gave him any real relief. Except for a short trip, by plane, to Mexico in March, 1931, he did not again leave the confines of the United States and Canada.
But by 1927 his collection numbered more than 6000 specimens of 700 species. By judicious purchase, financing collectors, and exchanges it continued to grow. Conover was ever alert to know of new collectors, people he could write to in areas from which he wanted birds, the location of rare and desirable specimens and persons who would collect about their own localities or make small expeditions into fruitful areas.
As Conover's interest was game birds, sportsmen, army officers, missionaries, a host of people over the globe, anyone interested in shooting might recognize and know from descriptions his special needs. It necessitated a lot of letter writing, but it was productive. He sometimess aid that if he got specimensfr om but a small proportion of the people to whom he wrote, he thought he was doing well. It was thus he got many of his specimens and even at the time of his death there were on the way to him collections from small expeditions he had financed in Nepal and Colombia. The Conover collection of game birds contains about 18,000 specimens, including about 30 types. In certain groups, such as the francolins of Africa, Conover
considered it to have the best representation extant. Conover joined the American Ornithologists' Union in 1920 and was elected a Fellow in 1947. He was also a member of the British Ornithologists' Union, the Cooper Ornithological Club, the Wilson Ornithological Club, American Geographical Society and the Biological Society of Washington. In Chicago he was a member of the University Club of Chicago, the Camp Fire Club of Chicago, the local
naturalists' group known as the Kennicott Club, and was a Trustee of the Chicago Zoological Society. In meetings Conover was extremely.

      Kate Barton Armstrong was born on 17-Sep-1851 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York. Kate married Henry Conover, son of William Schenck Conover and Elizabeth Gangwer, on 18-May-1871 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York.

      Louise Vail Conover was born on 14-Apr-1872 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York. She was the daughter of Henry Conover and Kate Barton Armstrong. Louise married William Kent Gibboney on 8-Feb-1905 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York.

      William Kent Gibboney was born on 23-Oct-1872 at Gibboney, Pennsylvania. William married Louise Vail Conover, daughter of Henry Conover and Kate Barton Armstrong, on 8-Feb-1905 at Buffalo, Erie County, New York.

      Mary J. Housel was born on 3-Aug-1861 at Hampton's Corner, New Jersey. Mary married William W. Conover, son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson, on 24-Nov-1887.

      Charles Hopkins Conover was born on 26-Oct-1889 at Readville, New Jersey. He was the son of William W. Conover and Mary J. Housel. Charles married Esther Howell Van Nest on 14-Oct-1914.

      Lillian Arnwine was born on 21-Aug-1868 at Baptistown, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. She was the daughter of Charles Arnwine and Josephine Lawrence. Lillian married Jonathan Higgins Conover, son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson, on 21-Aug-1889.

      Lavinia Little was born on 30-Jun-1872 at Readville, New Jersey. Lavinia married Robert Manning Conover, son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson, on 24-Mar-1897.

      Gertrude C. Sullivan was born on 22-Apr-1885 at Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Gertrude married Jesse Bodine Conover, son of David Conover and Henrietta V. D. Williamson, on 27-Jul-1905.

      Ralph Woodland Owen was born on 26-May-1884 at Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. He was the son of John S. Owen and Josephine (Unknown). Ralph married Elinor Conover, daughter of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman, on 21-Jun-1910. Ralph Woodland Owen died in Dec-1972 his last known address was at Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, according to the Social Security Death Index.
     

      Dr. Eugene Solomon Talbot Jr. MD was born on 6-Aug-1884 at Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. Eugene married Della Boardman Conover, daughter of Charles Hopkins Conover and Della Louise Boardman, on 29-Mar-1910.

     Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune was baptized in Oct-1686 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. He was the son of Capt. Jan Albertse Terhune and Annetje Roelofse Schenck. Roelof married Marretje Wyckoff, daughter of Garret Pieterse Wyckoff and Catherine Johanna Nevius, on 5-May-1706 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune died in 1761 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. Roelof was buried in Apr-1761 at Dutch Reformed Church Cemetery, Flatlands, Kings County, New York. Roelof's estate was proved on 13-Apr-1761.
     He he was a captain in the Kings County Militia in 1715 at Kings County, New York.

      Albertus Terhune was born in 1707 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. He was the son of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff. Albertus married Annatie Van Dyck, daughter of Jan Van Dyke and Annetje Verkirk.
     Albertus Terhune was also known as Albert Terhune.

      Garret Roelofse Terhune was born on 30-Aug-1709 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. He was the son of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff. Garret married Alice Stephense Voorhees circa 1730. Garret Roelofse Terhune died on 20-Sep-1781 at Millstone, Somerset County, New Jersey, at age 72.
      Occupation: Farmer
Residence: Moved when young to Millstone River Valley Somerset Co., New Jersey.
Religion: Dutch Reformed Church in Millstone.

Garret Terhune lived near Millstone, New Jersey, from about the year 1730 (his twenty-first year) until the time of his death. He was a farmer, a thrifty and industrious man,and he prospered on the fertile land in the Millstone River valley. Like his ancestors he was religious and was a member of the Dutch Reformed Church.
Churches of this denomination were organized at an early date at Six Mile Run,Somerville, Harlingen, New Brunswick, and Millstone. The Hillsborough Church at Millstone was established in 1765. On July 26 of that year seventy heads of families addressed a petition to the Dutch Ministers and Elders of Raritan, New Brunswick, Six Millstone. The request was granted and in August, 1765, the Church was organized,Elders and Deacons elected and installed. A few years later, a church building was erected. This building was almost ruined during the Revolutionary War. In 1828 it was rebuilt. This building was still standing a century later.
At the time the Church was organized it was very difficult to procure a settled minister. From 1766 to 1774 the pulpit was supplied by ministers from neighboring churches. Those supplying were the reverends Sevdt, Hardenburg, and Van Harlingen. In 1774 the Reverend Christian Frederick Foering was called. He accepted and in the same year was installed as the first regular Pastor of the Hillsborough Reformed Church. Mr. Foering was a man of deep personal piety. He was also a patriot. During his pastorate the Revolution began. Millstone at that time witnessed many exciting scenes. Hessians were quartered at the Parsonage. Mr. Foering, because of his loyalty to the cause of Independence, was compelled to leave the house. In the year 1779 he died of exposure. His body lies under the pulpit of the church.
Garret Terhune took little part in these activities in that year of 1779. Like the prudent man that he was, he had written his last will and testament two years previously, he died on September 20, 1781.

      Willemptje Terhune was born circa 1711 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. She was the daughter of Albert Janse Terhune and Aaltje Voorhees. Willemptje Terhune was born circa 1718 at Flatbush, Kings County, New York. Willemptje married Samuel Griggs, son of Benjamin Griggs and Margrietje Van Driest, circa 1742 at New Jersey. Willemptje Terhune died on 17-Mar-1777 at New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey.
     She was also known as Willementje Terhune.

      Marya Terhune was born circa 1715 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. She was the daughter of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff.

      Hyntje Terhune was born at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. She was the daughter of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff.

      Aeltie Terhune was born on 11-Mar-1722 at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. She was the daughter of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff. Aeltie married Uriah Van Arsdale, son of Jan Van Arsdale and Lammetje Probasco, on 13-Aug-1743 at Flatbush, Kings County, New York.
     Aeltie Terhune was also known as Altje Terhune. She was also known as Aaltje Terhune.

      Margrietje Terhune was born at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. She was the daughter of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff.

      Antie Terhune was born at Flatlands, Kings County, New York. She was the daughter of Capt. Roelof Janse Terhune and Marretje Wyckoff. Antie married Joost Duryea, son of Jacob Duryee and Catrina Polhemus; not in "The Durie Family."

      Amasa Edwin Higbee Jr. was born on 1-Feb-1838 at Westwood, Hamilton County, Ohio. He was the son of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover. Amasa married Rebecca Kellor on 2-Nov-1860 at Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. Amasa Edwin Higbee Jr. died on 28-Oct-1904 at Liberty, Union County, Indiana, at age 66.
     He was also known as Amasa Edwin Higby.

      James Blackman Higbee was born circa 1840 at Westwood, Hamilton County, Ohio. He was the son of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover.

      Elizabeth Higbee was born on 4-Aug-1831 at Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. She was the daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover. Elizabeth married Oliver H. Cox on 12-Jun-1849 at Hamilton County, Ohio. Elizabeth Higbee died on 27-Jan-1916 at Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, at age 84.

     Oliver married Elizabeth Higbee, daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover, on 12-Jun-1849 at Hamilton County, Ohio.

      Caroline Higbee was born circa 1844 at Westwood, Hamilton County, Ohio. She was the daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover. Caroline married William Huddert.

     William married Caroline Higbee, daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover.

     Sarah Higbee was the daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover. Sarah married Munsell Stowe.

     Munsell married Sarah Higbee, daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover.

     Jemima Higbee was the daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover. Jemima married Frederick Percival.

     Frederick married Jemima Higbee, daughter of Amasa Edwin Higbee and Sarah Conover.

      Chrineyonce Schenck was born on 21-Feb-1838. He was the son of Daniel Polhemus Schenck and Lydia Hendrickson Longstreet. Chrineyonce Schenck died on 17-Feb-1839.

      Mary Conover was born on 8-Jun-1822. She was the daughter of John C. Conover and Elizabeth Vanderbilt. Mary married Daniel Polhemus Schenck, son of Chrineyonce Schenck and Margaret Polhemus, on 10-Oct-1843 at Monmouth County, New Jersey. Mary Conover died on 4-Apr-1890 at Holmdel, Monmouth County, New Jersey, at age 67.

      Col. Peter Wilson Conover was born on 19-Sep-1807 at Versailles, Woodford County, Kentucky. He was the son of Peter Cownover and Hannah Coombs. Peter married Eveline B. Golden, daughter of Abram Golden and Sarah Houghton, on 14-Feb-1827 at Morgan County, Illinois. Peter married Eveline B. Golden, daughter of Abram Golden and Sarah Houghton, on 6-Jan-1828. Peter married Mary Jane McCarl, daughter of Jesie McCarl and Mary Jane Lock, on 10-Nov-1850. Col. Peter Wilson Conover died on 20-Sep-1892 at Richfield, Sevier County, Utah, at age 85. Peter was buried on 23-Sep-1892 at Provo, Utah County, Utah.
     He was also known as Peter Wilson Cownover. He was listed as a Captain 2nd Batallion, 2nd Regiment, 1 Company, 2nd cohort between 1-May-1841 and 5-Jun-1841. He was listed as a Major 2nd Batallion, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Cohort between 9-Sep-1843 and 28-Oct-1843. Peter Wilson, a widower, and 10 children were part part of the Heber C. Kimball Company. They departed Jun 7, 1848 and arrived in the Salt Lake Valley September 24, 1848.



"February 8, 1850, the Salt Lake Cavalry under Colonel Andrew Lytle and Captain George D. Grant united forces with Colonel W. Peter Conover and my father, Captain Alexander Williams. Before daybreak on the 9th, Thursday, the Indians, one hundred and ten in number, met and opened fire on the Cavalry and then retreated to their re-doubt. They fought until 7:00 PM. Friday morning they were met as before, our men returning to the Fort late at night. Saturday they were again met. That day the Sliding Batteries and the Horse Charge was made.



"That night after Higby was killed, Lieutenant Willam H. Kimball took his company with Colonel Peter W. Conover and followed the Indians to Utah Lake. The Cottonwood Company and some of the Provo Company followed the Indians to Rock Canyon. They overtook them and a battle was fought and about forty Indians were killed. Our men left the field of battle at 8:00 PM having killed of Stick On the Head's warriors, one hundred and one Indians and one squaw. This was acknowledged at the treaty at Provo on 11 April 1850. Our casualties during the three day siege was Joseph Higby and eleven horses. Alexander Williams and seven others were wounded.

"The Indians left that night after they had killed the beef. They took the best of the meat and went out through Sanpete. An appeal was sent to Provo for help and "Colonel Conover sent a company of 150 men to our aid. Colonel Conover's Company and different companies from other settlements tried to head the Indians off, but they made their escape. There were Utes enough left to kill all the whites they could catch out at Santaquin where some had farms.

THE WALKER WAR
Thomas G. Alexander
Utah, The Right Place

Although the Paiutes worked out an accommodation of sorts with the Mormon immigrants, the settlers' occupation of lands that the Utes used for hunting and gathering, along with Mormon attempts to suppress the New Mexican trade, disrupted the Ute economy and society. With such highly combustible tinder laid, a seemingly isolated spark set the territory afire with war. On July 17, 1853, several Utes were trading at James Ivie's home near Springville when Ivie intervened in a dispute between a Ute man and his wife over her failure to strike a good bargain. Ivie tried to prevent the couple and a companion from carrying their dispute into his cabin. In the ensuing melee, Ivie killed one of the men, a relative of Walkara's named Shower-Ocats.

Under orders from Col. George A. Smith, Capt. Stephen C. Perry of the Springville Militia led a unit the next day into Walkara's camp about five miles up Payson (then Peteetneet) Canyon to try to mollify the outraged Utes. Perry discussed the matter with the Utes for a time. Then, when he and his troops realized that they risked death at the hands of the infuriated Utes, the beat a hasty retreat.

Walkara bargained with the settlers, demanding the usual Numic retribution – the death of one Euro-American. The settlers refused to pay that price, and two of Walkara's associate chiefs, Arapeen and Wanship, opposed compromise. Taking some of his followers to Payson, Arapeen killed a guard named Alexander Keel. Recognizing that Keel's death would bring the wrath of the Mormon settlers on his followers, Walkara led his people on a flight up Payson Canyon. On the way, they fired on settlers' cabins and stole about twenty head of cattle and six horses.

Hearing of Keel's death and apparently assuming that Walkara would follow the Mount Nebo loop into Salt Creek Canyon on his way into Sanpete Valley, Col. Peter W. Conover of the Utah County Militia sent several units up Payson Canyon and personally led a punitive expedition of 150 men up Salt Creek Canyon toward Manti to try to intercept Walkara and his followers.

General Wells apparently recognized the gravity of these clashes. Dreading a return to the bloodshed of 1849 and 1850, Wells ordered Conover to disband his troops and to act entirely on the defensive. Before he received the orders, however, Conover had sent out a patrol to attack a Ute camp east of Mount Pleasant (then Pleasant Creek) in Sanpete Valley. The militiamen killed six Indians in a skirmish.

After receiving Wells's orders, Conover prepared to return to Utah Valley, but in the meantime, Wells and Young issued further orders that anticipated even more thorough disengagement. Ordering George A. Smith to assume command of all units south of Salt Lake County, they instructed the settlers to abandon small outlying settlements and to gather in larger communities with secure forts. As an extra precaution, they ordered all settlers to avoid activities that took them away from the settlements alone or in small groups. Also, in an apparent attempt to remove the temptation for raiding, they ordered the settlers to immediately send all stock not needed for teams and milk to Salt Lake City for safekeeping. Later, Smith relieved Conover of command and arrested him for his failure to implement the defensive and conciliatory policy in Utah Valley.

Smith encountered considerable hostility to his efforts to effect the policy of defense and conciliation. Walkara made Smith's job more difficult since his soldiers attacked the settlers at Spring City (then Allred Settlement) in Sanpete Valley, driving off virtually all the community's livestock. Smith also encountered an open rebellion and had to accept the resignation of the Cedar City Militia commander, Maj. Mathew Caruthers, before the community agreed to send their stock to Salt Lake. Supervising the withdrawl of settlers to Parowan and Cedar City, Smith collected stock from the various settlements and sent them northward. Attacks continued into August 1853 as Utes tried to take a Salt Lake-bound herd of surplus cattle near Clover Creek in the Rush Valley. The war spread into northern Utah as Utes attacked four men hauling lumber near Park City, killing tow and wounding one other.

Walkara left for northern Arizona for the winter, but Wyonah, brother to Shower-Ocats, and other sympathetic Utes continued fighting. During the fall, Utes killed and mutilated settlers, most of whom were working in isolated parties outside the towns in defiance or disregard of the orders to remain in large groups. Such attacks occurred at Fillmore, Fountain Green, Santaquin, and Manti. Raids included the burning of Spring City, which the settlers had already abandoned, and the theft of a large herd of cattle near Spanish Fork.

Instead of following a conciliatory policy as Young had directed, Mormon settlers responded in brutal kind. A militia unit in Utah County assaulted a Ute camp near Goshen, killing four or five people. At Nephi, on October 2, 1853, after eight or nine Utes came to the fort seeking protection, a group of townspeople slaughtered them "like so many dogs" and then reported the murders as deaths during a skirmish.

Undoubtedly, the murders with the greatest long-range consequence occurred on the early morning of October 26, 1853, when Capt. John W. Gunnison of the Corps of Topographical Engineers and a party of seven had camped on the lower Sevier River in Pahvant territory. The murder of Gunnison and his party by the Pahvants may have come in retaliation for the death of a Pahvant killed by members of a passing wagon train. Alternatively,the deaths – like those of settlers working outside in small parties – may have resulted from their distance because of fortified settlements. More seriously for the Utah settlers, however, anti-Mormons attributed the death to Mormons acting under Brigham Young's instructions.

Gunnison had previously assisted Captain Howard Stansbury, a topographical engineer, on explorations in northern and central Utah. In 1849, Col. John J. Abert of the Corps of Topographical Engineers had assigned Stansbury to retrace the route form Fort Leavenworth to Fort Hall; explore a wagon road from the fort to the Great Salt Lake; examine the suitability of the lake for transshipment of supplies form the Mormon settlements; survey the lake, the Jordan River, and Utah Lake; determine the capacity of the Mormons to provide food and supplies for overland travelers; report generally on the Mormon economy; and locate a site for a military post near Salt Lake. The explorations of Stansbury and Gunnison, aided by Brigham Young's secretary Albert Carrington, led to the publication of Stanbury's report and Gunnison's book The Mormons in 1852, both of which offered favorable accounts of the Saints at a time when most national observers considered them in about the same category as we would consider cultist fanatics today.

In 1853, Col. Abert ordered Gunnison to survey a strip of land between the thirty-eight and thirty-ninth parallels as part of a search for a transcontential railroad route. Anxious to determine the most feasible and politically acceptable route from the Mississippi Valley to the Pacific Coast, Congress had authorized four surveys of possible transcontinental corridors. Gunnison found the thirty-eighth parallel route unsuitable for a railroad, but his decision to camp on the Sevier bottoms suited the Pahvants quite nicely.

Following the violence of late 1853 and early 1854, a number of Ute leaders offered terms for peace. In spite of some raids in January and February 1854, Ute bands, camped in central and southern Utah and headed by Chiefs Amon and Migo, said they were ready to lay down their arms. In March and again in May, Walkara, who had since returned from Navajo country, petitioned the settlers and Brigham Young for peace as well. Ever the shrewd trader, Walkara asked for food, guns, and ammunition, offering to sell portions of central Utah lands in return for annuities to be paid in cattle and horses over a twenty-year period. In addition, he wanted security for his trade in Paiute captives.

Young also favored the renewal of normal relations and an end to war and murder. Trying to work out an agreement, Young and Walkara met at Chicken Creek in Juab County on May 11, 1854. After Young arrived at Walkara's camp, the proud chief refused to come out of his tent to greet Young, insisting that the governor come to him instead. Recognizing a tense and potentially explosive situation, Young and George A. Smith walked to Walkara's tent. After they arrived, they found one of his daughters seriously ill. Touched by her suffering, they gave her a healing blessing.

Although the negotiations at Chicken Creek ended the immediate conflict, they solved none of the underlying issues. In fact, they left open wounds that continued to ooze the blood of Utes and Mormons through the Black Hawk War of the1860s. In February 1856, the Tintic War, a series of skirmished named after a Ute subchief, inflamed the people in the Tintic and Cedar Valleys, largely because Indians, who were starving in the drought, began taking cattle from the settlers. The war resulted in a number of clashes and deaths.

The wars ended only after the federal government removed the Utes to the Uintah and Ouray Reservation in the Uinta Basin during the late 1860s and early 1870s. Since the federal government did not buy the Ute lands, the issues festered until after World War II, when the Indian Claims Commission ordered payment for confiscated lands. Mormons forced the end of the New Mexican trade in human beings, but only at the cost of continued payment for the servants themselves.



Peter Wilson Cownover wrote the story of his life as follows:

"I, Peter Wilson, was born September 19, 1807, in Woodford County, Kentucky, about one mile from Versailles. No incident worth mentioning occured until my sister Martha died, she swallowed three pins and chocked (choked) to death when I was three years old. At the age of four I started going to school and continued until I was eight years old. The fall that I was ten years of age my brother Jonathan married Martha Bergen and moved to his home in Adair County. I went with him for one hundred miles to help him drive his stock. There I saw my uncles, Levi and Garretson, who had moved to Kentucky. I stayed with them for three months and arrived home on Christmas day. I worked on the farm until I was thirteen years old when my father decided to move to Indiana on account of slavery. There they put in a crop of corn and my father and Levi went to Illinois and left my brother-in-law, Jonathan Bergen (my sister Mary Ann's husband) to take care of it. When they returned they took the horses and we all returned to Kentucky. That fall Jonathan Bergen and I went back after the wagons and implements. The summer of 1822, on April 22, my father sold out and we started from Woodford County for Illinois, a distance of near five hundred miles. It rained during most of the trip and it fell to my lot to look after the pigs and sheep. For ten miles we had to travel through water on account of the rise of the Wabash. Part of the time I had to swim. We settled down amongst a lot of Indians in Morgan County (Jersey Prairie). There we took up three hundred acres of land. On January 6, 1828, I married Eveline B. Golden, a daughter of Abram and Sarah Houghton Golden. I had a farm of my own adjoining my father's, but we lived with him until I built a log cabin on my farm. My first child, Aaron Houghton, was born September 26, 1828. When we had first settled in Illinois, I took my gun one morning and went out to kill a deer. I was walking along a narrow trail when an old Indian jumped out to scare me. I pointed my gun at him and he begged me not to shoot him. He then insisted on me going back to the house with him to buy some ammunition of my father. In Iowa, in 1846, I met this same Indian and had quite forgotten him, but the old fellow reminded me of the incident. My second child, Abraham Golden, was born in April 1830. Charles William was born in July 1832, and a month later the Black Hawk War broke out. In 1829 I was elected Captain of the Illinois militia of light infantry. The Governor called for volunteers and I was appointed aide to General Whitesides. After a ten day march we came to the rapids on the Mississippi River. There we struck the trail and followed him (Black Hawk) six months. In the north of Wisconsin we headed him and turned him toward the Mississippi down the bad roads and headed in Otomorac Swamp. There we had a fight at the mouth of the river, we surrounded them about sunrise in the morning and fought until sundown before he finally surrendere. My oldest daughter, Sarah Elizabeth, was born June 1834. On September 4, 1836, John was born. When John was four months old I moved from Morgan County (IL) to the center of the rapids of the Mississippi River. It was a very severe trip as the snow was up to my knees and no track broken. I came very near freezing to death the day we crossed the Grand Prairie in a blinding snowstorm. I had to walk eighteen miles driving pigs and sheep, and the cows broke through the snow every little ways. When we arrived we bought one hundred and sixty acres and made me a farm. (This was in the vicinity of where the Morman city of Nauvoo, IL was to be established.) In the spring of 1838 I first saw the Prophet Joseph Smith. It was the day of the convention to appoint delegates to go to Congress to try to get redress for the wrongs done in Missouri. The day the Twelve started on their first mission to England in 1839, I heard my first Morman sermon by Elder Enos H. Gurly. Immediately after having heard it, I received for myself a testimony of the truthfulness of Mormonism. I was baptised into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints on May 27, 1840, and my wife, Eveline Golden, was baptised at the same time. I had been a member of the Campbellites previous to accepting the Gospel. Catherine Ann was born in Nauvoo (IL) in Spetember 1840." [In 1830 Joseph Smith, the tall spell-binding Prophet, organized his Church from a handful of upstate New Yorkers fired by his tales of the finding of a set of golden tablets. The story told by these tablets was called the Book of Mormon, and the sect was known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The dawn of 1831 found thousands of the people of the United States on the move, or were packing up, drawn westward by the promise of cheap land and the glamour of the frontier. Joseph Smith and a little band of faithful followers were in this migration into the Western Reserve seeking to escape from a cruel civilization. Everywhere they went the Saints met troruble. "Gentile" neighbors coveted their farms, which somehow produced more crops than other farms. After enemies in Missouri burned, killed, and pillaged throughout Mormon territory, Joseph and his band fled into Illinois. There they built a new city, called it Nauvoo and erected a $1,000,000 temple. Peter Wilson Cownover tells a little about this...]

"Soon after becoming a member of the Church I went to work on the Nauvoo Temple. The Prophet called me to get some men to go with me and get some rock for the circle windows in the basement story of the Temple. I called for volunteers at a meeting held in my house and soon had all the men I wanted. We worked a week and got all the rock that was needed. I worked on the Temple until the Prophet Joseph called on me to go up to Black River to get lumber, 600 miles from Nauvoo. I started on the 22nd day of September and remained there for just nine months. It took twelve days to come down the river in a small boat. My son, Alpheus Alonzo, was born just ten days before I reached home on the 12th of June 1842. In the winter of 1843 I worked on the Temple again. It was the year they took the Prophet Joseph prisoner. He called for help and with nineteen others, I was appointed to go to Rock River. We met the Prophet just after leaving Rock River and we stopped and rested for three-quarters of an hour. That night we traveled 18 miles after four o'clock. The round trip was about 600 miles and during that trip I went five days and five nights without sleep. I was sent ahead of the company to my cousin's, Mike Craner, to tell them to have supper ready for three hundred men when they arrived. I helped them kill pigs, turkeys and chickens, and supper was waiting them when they arrived. On that trip I was appointed a life guard to Joseph the Prophet, taking the place of a man that backed out and would not go. After supper Bill Cutler and I were standing outside washing ourselves when the Prophet Joseph came up and asked cousin Mike if he had a spare bed. Mike answered that he had two or three of them and the Prophet said that he wanted Mike to pu us two boys in the best that he had and we soon after retired. Some miles from Nauvoo, Emma Smith, Joseph's wife, came out to meet us on horseback bringing his black horse fully caparisoned and Joseph's uniform. He mounted his horse and we all came on to Nauvoo. I held command of the second battalion of the second Cohort of the Nauvoo Legion at that time. We came to Nauvoo where Joseph was tried by the municipal court and was cleared. I had command of the guards for six miles up and down the river, I had to relieve the guards every twelve hours. This was kept up for five months. As I remember, the Legion was disbanded in September and was called together the following March. Through neglect of other officers the command of the Legion fell upon me. My family was still living on the farm, but I was almost continually on duty in the saddle during the year 1844. Serelda Louise was born that year. When the Prophet gave himself up to go to Carthage, I wanted to go with him and take my command to protect him, but he said he did not wish me to go. After Joseph was murdered (murdured) we went to work in the Temple that we might receive our washings and annountings before we had to leave our homes, as we had been told that we would have to leave in 1845. The mob commenced burning out the Saints at Green Plains, 25 miles below Nauvoo and I was called upon to raise a company to go and move the Saints up to Nauvoo. I raised a company of 90 wagons, two men to a wagon, and we started down for the Saints. We arrived about 11 o'clock that night and the rain was coming down in torrents. It was a dreadful time, women and children were wading around in the mud and snow and were wet through. There was no shelter of any kind. We continued to help move them until the sheriff called out a posse to force the mob to stop burning the homes. We found one house that the mob had set fire and they were dancing a war-dance around it. They did dance lively then--but it was upon their horses and in the opposite direction, and we chase dthem for about six miles and most of them got away into Missouri. I continued hauling for the Saints and on one trip when I was returning with a load, Sheriff Backinstos was being chased by a mob, and as he came close to where I was, a man rode up ahead of the mob. It was O. P. Rockwell and he asked the sheriff if he should shoot and the sheriff replied that he should. Rockwell fired and the man jumped about four feet into the air and rolled over, dead enough. This man proved to e the man, World by name, the man that tried to cut the Prophet's head off, after he was murdered (murdured). Shortly after this, I was called upon to get timber out for the Saints to make wagons to cross the plains with. Myself and three others went to work and soon had enough ready to make 200 wagons. After we had the timber ready for the wagons. Brother Brigham called upon me to go to Quincy (IL) and get 4,000 lbs. of iron for the wagons. I was gone four days upon this trip, and when I returned we had to make kilns to season the lumber on. I had a wagon ready for my own use, except for the cover, when Brother Brigham came along and asked whose wagon it was a someone told him it was mine. He then came to me and told me that he had enough wagons ready lacking one to take the first company out, so I told him to take my wagon and welcome. That left me without one, but I soon had another one ready. In January 1846 we were called to go through the Temple and receive our endowments. Evelyn and I went through about the middle of February 1846. On May 6 Eveline was born."

Peter Wilson Cownover and his family arrived at the Great Salt Lake in Utah about 1849. In March 1849 President Young ordered a settlement to be founded on Provo River in Utah Valley and about 30 families constituting about 150 persons set out from the Salt Lake settlement to found Provo City. Among them were Peter, Abram, Charles, Zeralda, Sarah, John, Jeanette, Alpheus, Houghton, Evelyn and Catherine Ann Cownover. About 3 days travel brought them to Provo River about 12 Mar 1849 about 3 miles from where they later built their "fort" in April 1849. They were met by Timpanogos Ute Indians who were greatly excited by the advance of the whites into the Indian country and the colonists were ordered to stop and not allowed to advance further until they entered treaty with the Indians. By the middle of May 1849 the settlers had 225 acres of land laid out and apportioned to 40 families. Captain Peter Cownover has credit for being the first to begin harvesting the first wheat crop on 16 Jul 1849. He used a cradle he brought from Winter Quarters. Captain Cownover's son, Abram G., thrashed many bushel with a flail and the following day took as much as he could carry on horseback to Neff's Mill at Mill Creek, Salt Lake City, a distance of about 45 miles, and had it ground into flour. He was 2 days making the trip. With trading of guns and ammunition to the Indians, early in 1850 Utah's first Indian War occurred. The Indians grew less friendly, became thieves of grain from the fields, and drove off cattle. The settlers tried to scare the Indians by firing a cannon, but they were not afraid. A fight with the Indians took place near the site of Pleasant Grove in the autumn of 1849. By the beginning of February 1850 conditions were so serious that Captain Peter W. Cownover, a veteran of the Black Hawk War of 1832 in Illinois and Wisconsin, who had succeeded Major Hunt in the command of the militia, was sent to Great Salt Lake City to lay the matter before Governor Young and solicit military aid from the provisional State of Deseret, being accompanied by Miles Weaver. A company of 50 men under Captain George D. Grant was dispatached followed by 50 more the next day commanded by Major Andrew Lytle. On the morning of February 8 the company of men under Captain Grant's command moved against the Indians who were under the command of Big Elk who had about 70 warriors who possessed arms equal to the whites. Peter W. Cownover related in a March 1891 interview published in "The Daily Inquirer": "While I was hid behind a tree I heard 6 shots whistle by my head, but I couldn't tell where they came from. One of the bullets came so close that it left a red welt across my cheek. It felt like a hot iron passing over my face. After the 6th shot . . . .I caught sight of an Indian's head stuck from behind a tree. I fired with the intention of knocking his eye out, but I was a little too quick and hit him on the cheek. He never fired any more after that, the blood blinded him."
The battled continued for 2 days, and Chief Big Elk died during the fight. The militia suffered loss of 1 man and 18 wounded.

During the summer of 1850 Surveyor Lemon came from Great Salt Lake City and began survey of Provo and placed the 1st stake in the center of what was to be the public square and is now the Pioneer Park. Peter W. Cownover assisted the surveyor as chain bearer while surveying the NW quarter of the city. Peter W. Cownover was chosen as one of the members of the high council of the stake on 22 Aug 1852.

Due to the Indians in the counties to the south of Utah going on the warpath, the militia of Utah and other northern counties were called on for assistance. During these hostilities Captain A. G. (Abram Golden) Cownover had command of a company of cavalry.

Early in 1854 the militia of Utah County was by general order reorganized into 7 battalions of infantry and one of cavalry; and in 1855 into a brigade of which Colonel Peter W. Cownover was unanimously elected Brigadier-General. On April 25, 1857, the militia was assembled and organized into companies of tens and fifties under the supervision of General Cownover."

      Mary Jane McCarl was born circa 1807. She was born on 11-Mar-1829 at Louisiana. She was the daughter of Jesie McCarl and Mary Jane Lock. Mary married Col. Peter Wilson Conover, son of Peter Cownover and Hannah Coombs, on 10-Nov-1850. Mary Jane McCarl died on 2-Apr-1896 at Provo, Utah County, Utah, at age 67.
     She was also known as Mary Jane McCarroll.