Note: Illigetimate child of Henry I.
King Henry I Beauclerc of Normandy
SURN Henry
GIVN I
_AKA /Beauclerc/
_UID 3376298A80AC9C49908B9F7B93BB9BBA4542
1 _FA1
2 PLAC King of England
King of England, 6 Aug 1100 to 1 Dec 1135.
Duke of Normandy, 1106-1 Dec 1135.
Henry may have had as many as 24 illigetimate children.
Henry cared for his nephew Stephen after the death of his father in 1102.
Upon Henry's death, Stephen assummed the throne of England and was inalmost
continuous conflict with his aunt Matilda, the rightful heir to Henry's
throne.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36Youngest son of WILLIAM the Conqueror. On the death of his brother WILLIAM
2nd, he obtained crown by a coup d'etat which excluded his brother ROBERT
2nd, DUKE of NORMANDY, who was on crusade. ROBERT invaded England (1101)
but was bought off by HENRY. HENRY invaded Normandy (1105) and imprisoned
his brother for life. Was involved in a struggle with ANSELM over
investiture. His attempts to secure succession for his daughter MATILDA
later led to long civil war between STEVEN and MATILDA.KINGS OF ENGLAND
Edgar the Peaceable, r 959 - 975
Edward the Martyr, r 975 - 978
AEthelred the unready r 978 - 1016
Edmund Ironsides r 1016 -
Canute r 1016 - 1035Edward the Confessor r 1042 - 1066
Harold r 1066 -
William the Conqueror r 1066 - 1087
William II Rufus r 1087 - 1100
Henry I Beauclerk r 1100 - 1135
Stephen I of Blois r 1135 - 1154
Henry II r 1154 - 1188
Richard I Lionheart r 1188 - 1199
John I Lackland r 1199 - 1216
Henry III r 1216 - 1272
Edward I Longshanks r 1272 - 1307
Edward II r 1307 - 1327
Edward III r 1327 - 1377
Richard II r 1377 - 1399
Henry IV r 1399 - 1413Note:
Taking the reign from William II, he reigned 1100-1135. Duke of Normandy1106-1135.
His reign is notable for important legal and administrative reforms, andfor
the final resolution of the investiture controversy. Abroad, he wagedseveral
campaigns in order to consolidate and expand his continental possessions.
Was so hated by his brothers that they vowed to disinherit him. In 1106 he
captured Robert and held him till he died. He proved to be a hard but just
ruler. He apparently died from over eating Lampreys!
Empress of Germany Matilda of Normandy
Only surviving legitimate child of Henry I.
SURN Beauclerc
GIVN Matilda
_UID 692EDD36C446044AB8334247A63544A0357D
1 _FA1
2 PLAC Princess of England
1 _FA2
2 PLAC Eure, France
Matilda "the Empress". Was suppose to ascend to the throne on the death of
her father Henry I, King of England. However, she fought with her cousin
Stephen for control of England from 1128 until 1152. Her son Henry finally
invaded England and forced Stephen to acknowledge him as heir.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36
Count of Anjou Geoffrey V Plantagenet
Henry I "Beauclerc" KING OF ENGLANDGiven Name: Henry I "Beauclerc"
Surname: King of England
Sex: M
Birth: 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England
Death: 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis, Seine-St Denis, FranceSURN Plantagenet
GIVN Geoffrey V
_UID 45AC897E26F76D4A8D04D80310C47EEC76A0
1 _FA1
2 PLAC Duke of Normandy
Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. The name "Plantagenet" was derivedfrom
his wearing of a sprig of yellow broom (plant genet) in his helmet as a
plume.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36Geoffrey IV, known as Geoffrey Plantagenet ( O.Fr. = sprig of broom he
usually wore in his helmet ) 1113 - 1151, Count of Anjou ( 1129 - 1251 )
son of Fulk, married Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. Claimed
Normandy in her name and completed its conquest 1144. Went on crusade with Louis VII ( 1147 ). His son became Henry II of England.-- COLUMBIA VIKING DESK ENCYCLOPEDIA --
Empress of Germany Matilda of Normandy
Only surviving legitimate child of Henry I.
SURN Beauclerc
GIVN Matilda
_UID 692EDD36C446044AB8334247A63544A0357D
1 _FA1
2 PLAC Princess of England
1 _FA2
2 PLAC Eure, France
Matilda "the Empress". Was suppose to ascend to the throne on the death of
her father Henry I, King of England. However, she fought with her cousin
Stephen for control of England from 1128 until 1152. Her son Henry finally
invaded England and forced Stephen to acknowledge him as heir.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36
King of England Henry II Plantagenet
Note: He followed Stephen and reigned from 1154-1189
SURN FitzEmpress
GIVN Henry II
_UID 3E7190C5C4A7764F8B53D0C2D5738659CB79
1 _FA1
2 PLAC King of England
Duke of Normandy (1150-6 Jul 1189)
King of England (19 Dec 1154-6 Jul 1189)
Henry also rules Brittany and that area of western France known as the
Angevin Empire. The long controversy with Thomas Becket, Archbishop of
Canterbury, led to Becket's murder in the Cathedral. Becket was supportedby
Louis VII of France, first husband of Eleanor.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36HENRY II, ( 1133-1189), king 1154-1189, was son of MATILDA and GEOFFREY
IV, Duke of Normandy, he married ELEANOR of AQUITAINE, thus gaining vast
territories in France. Invaded England and forced STEPHEN to acknowledge
him as heir. He restored order to war-ravaged England, subdued barons,
centralized power of government in Royal Authority, and strengthened Royal
Courts. His long controversy with THOMAS A' BECKET concerned sole
jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts over clergymen accused of crimes.
HENRY adopted Constitution of Clarendon ( 1164 ) which brought such men
into lay courts; BECKET protested and fled to France. Soon after his
return and continued insistence on ecclesiastical prerogative, THOMAS was
murdered by four knights in Canterbury Cathedral. HENRY was forced by
public indignation to do penance. During his reign he gained North
counties from Scotland and subdued N Wales. He was also involved in family
struggle-revolt of his son HENRY, and intrigues of sons GEOFFREY, RICHARD
I and JOHN. RICHARD I, with PHILIP II of France, defeated the aged King
who died. He was the founder of ANGEVIN or PLANTAGENET line.RootWeb WorldConnect
Our Research
29825 total entries, last updated Wed Sep 12 09:18:30 2001
All questions, comments or suggestions regarding information on
this page should be addressed to: Alice Gedge <[email protected]>-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
ID: I1339
Name: Henry II King of England
Given Name: Henry II
NSFX: King of England
Sex: M
Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, (Maine), France
Death: 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France
Burial: Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France
Reference Number: 8010578.12
_UID: 75F4C9C25A66D511B4DE99B85F718F3915FF
Note:
! (1) "History of England," by W.E. Lunt. 4th ed. (Harper & Row, New York, 1957) p.103-124,127,128-129.
(2) "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700," by Frederick Lewis Weis, 7th ed. (Genealogical Pub. Co., Baltimore) p.3. Cites: (a) G.E. Cokayne's (new revised) "Complete Peerage" V 736. (b) James Balfour Paul, "Scots Peerage," I 1-2. (c) "Century Clyclopedia of Names" 494. (d) "Dictionary of National Biography" 26:1; 17:175.
(3) Robert W. Patrick, 1815 Walker Ave., Kansas City, KS 66104-5730. Cites: (a) "Encyclopeaedia Brittanica" (c.1974). (b) Harry Family Association.
(4) "The Descendants of James and Sarah (VanMeter) Davis of Frederick County, Virginia, With Related Families," by Gary Wayne Watson, p.161-163. Cites: (a) "Historie Genealogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France des Pairs, Grand Officiers de la Couronne & de la Maison du Roy; & des anciena Barons du Roysume," by Pere Anselme de St. Marie, Vol. 2, p.475. (b) "The Plantagenet Ancestry," by George Andrews Moriarty, p.2. (c) "Burke's Guide to the Royal Family," p.194.Birth: (1,2,3,4) s/o Geoffrey V "Plantagenet", Count of Anjou/Matilda. (2,4) 5 Mar 1132/3. (3) 1133. (2,4) LeMans, Maine (now Sarthe, France).
Marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine: (1) 1152. (2,4) 18 May 1152. (3) 1151. (4) Eleanor of Poitou.
Death: (1) 1189. (2,3,4) 6 Jul 1189. (3) Near Tours. (4) Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France.
Burial: (4) Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France.(1) Was known as Henry of Anjou. (2) Called Curt Mantel.
(1) When he turned age 16, his mother left him her claim to the crown.
(1) 1150: His father transferred to him the rule of Normandy, where he became familiar with the working of a strong, centralized government.
(1) From his mother he inherited Normandy and Maine, as well as England, and a claim to the overlordship of Brittany. From his father he inherited Anjou and Touraine. He ruled them each by a separate and independent feudal title as vassal of the King of France.
(1) 1152: With his marriage to Eleanor, heiress of the duchy of Aquitaine, he acquired the right to rule Acquitaine. Before he became king of England he controlled more than half of France, and the concentration of so much territory in the hands of one vassal was a menace to the authority of the French crown. For a long time Louis VII, the French king, contented himself with stirring up Henry's vassals to make trouble for their lord. In the closing years of his reign he began to play the members of Henry's family one against the other, a plan which Louis' son Philip Augustus was able to carry to a successful conclusion.
(1) 1153: He came to England to lead the war of succession being fought between Stephen's forces and those barons rebelling on behalf of his mother. He met with some success. Stephen lost heart for the struggle upon the death of his son, whom he had wished to become successor. Peace was readily arranged by the treaty of Wallingford, by which Stephen and his followers acknowledged Henry as heir to the throne, and Henry and his followers agreed that Stephen should rule for the rest of his life.
(2,4) 1154, 25 Oct-1189: King of England. (1) He was not only determined to be a powerful king, but he also loved orderly, well-organized government for its own sake. He had knowledge acquired by an exceptionally good training and natural talents of a high order. He had a store of information derived from books such as was possessed by few contemporary rulers. He had an ability to rule that was hardly short of genius. He selected efficient subordinates and worked laboriously and patiently with them over details, but with all his care for details he never lost sight of the end to be attained. He preferred diplomacy and tact as the means of carrying his policies in the face of opposition, but did not hesitate to strike when he judged it necessary or expedient. In action he was prompt, cool and efficient. His chief work was the reorganization of the English government, part of which was that of restoration. He seized upon powers which had been exercised by his predecessors only tentatively or spasmodically and made their application regular and normal, defined royal rights which had before been vague, increased systematically the royal authority by encroachment upon the powers of the barons, and employed the additional power this acquired with ever greater efficiency because of the detailed improvements which he was constantly making in the governmental machinery. He issued few laws. Some of the important changes in the working of government were brought about apparently by nothing more than oral commands, but these changes had an abiding influence upon the English constitution. We owe it largely to him that we are governed by the common law and not by the Roman law, that we are tried by a jury and not by an inquisition. He made enormous advances in the centralization of government, and became the most powerful king that England had yet seen. Although he recognized little constitutional check upon his authority, he was not a tyrant. He used his powers for the broad ends of peace and justice.
(1) He was not handsome. His face was freckled, his hair red, his body short and stout, his arms long, his legs bowed. He was careless about his personal appearance. But he had a dominating personality. He was a man of great physical strength and vitality. Contemporaries, struck by his excessive energy, picture a king who never rested. He was always on the march, traveling from one part to another of his broad dominions at a rate of speed which drew many a groan from his tired courtiers and more than once confounded his enemies. When time permitted he would hunt all day and return to transact business half the night, standing or pacing restlessly to and fro. He delighted in the solution of a knotty legal problem, but was nevertheless intensely human. He occasionally gave way to sudden gusts of passion which left him helpless by their very intensity. Pursuing great ends with few scruples about the means employed, he was subject at times to fits of remorse.
(1) He made three expeditions to Wales during his reign, which sufficed to secure nominal homage from the prince of North Wales and to restore royal authority in South Wales.
(1) Henry had a deep affection for his sons, but it was said that he "could rule every house but his own." His sons were spoiled as children and grew up to become unfilial, selfish, unruly men.
(1) He desired to have the inheritance of his dominions arranged during his lifetime. He designated his son Henry as heir to Normandy, Anjou and Maine. He assigned Brittany to Geoffrey to hold of his brother Henry, and Aquitaine to Richard to hold directly of the French king. John was too young and had no share in these arrangements. By this division Henry intended merely to indicate how his lands should be divided at his death. He would not risk their unity during his lifetime by giving his sons real authority in the government of the territories with which he associated them. But his sons were not disposed to live quietly as princes without power, and chafed under restrictions. They became eager listeners to the many who had grievances against their father. Even their mother stirred them to revolt, as did Louis VII of France. Every dissatisfied baron an opportunity to strike at the father. One after another of his sons rebelled against him, and his sons became known as "the lion's brood."
(1) 1170: He had his son Henry crowned his successor by the Archbishop of York. Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, would normally have had the right to perform a coronation, but he had been quarrelling with Henry over the rights of ecclesiatical courts and laws and had fled to France. Henry and Becket met in France and effected a reconciliation, but Becket, on the day before he departed for England, suspended the Archbishop of York and some bishops who had taken part in the coronation. When news of this was brought to Henry II in Normandy, he fell into a paroxysm of rage, in the course of which he cursed the members of his household who, accepting his bounty, would not avenge him upon this one priest. Four knights took him at his word and immediately crossed the Channel and murdered Becket in the cathedral at Canterbury. The shocked public opinion of Europe at once converted Becket into a martyr and held the king in some measure responsible for his death. Henry, in fear of excommunication, forstalled immediate action by sending to the pope and embassy bearing his promise to submit to the papal judgement in the matter, and by departing himself to take part in the conquest of Ireland.
(1) 1171: One of the principal kings of Ireland was defeated by a coalition of the others and was forced to flee. He sought Henry's help to recover the throne. Henry could not go himself, but he authorized the petitioner to approach his Anglo-Norman barons. Richard of Clare, Earl of Pembroke, was induced to help. (NOTE: See Richard "Stongbow" de Clare.) The first contingent landed in Ireland in 1169, and by 1171 the conquest of a strip of territory extending from Dublin to Cork was practically complete. At this point Henry intervened to prevent the establishment of an independent Norman kingdom in Ireland. His hurried visit served to assert his authority over lands already won rather than to extend the conquest. The district actually occupied by the English was subsequently called the Pale. Henry gave out earldoms and fiefs to the conquerors and returned home before completing his plans for administrative organization, leaving the Norman barons to conquer, plunder and destroy as suited their individual capacities and desires.
(1) 1172: He made his peace with the papal legates. By taking his oath that he had no share of guilt for Becket's murder he was absolved from all sentences of excommunication directed against Becket's opponents in general. He promised in return to allow the church and its courts most of the rights and liberties about which he had been quarreling with Becket in the first place.
(1) 1173: His sons Henry, Geoffrey and Richard joined Louis VII at his court, and a well-organized rebellion broke out simultaneously in England and Normandy. The barons on both sides of the Channel joined in large numbers, hoping to shake themselves free from the limitations placed upon them by the king's regime of law and order. The king of France, with the aid of two of his strongest tenants-in-chief, attacked Normandy, and the king of Scotland invaded England on the north. Henry was saved by the loyal support of the middle class. The outcome was a vindication of the quality of Henry's rule. He captured the king of Scotland, who, to gain his freedom, agreed to hold Scotland as a vassal and to allow his vassals to render leige homage to the English king as their suzerain.
(1) 1177: He designated his son John as Lord of Ireland. John failed to finish the conquest or to organize the government and was recalled.
(1) After 1181: His sons took up arms against him on several occassions. After 1186 they had the help of Philip Augustus, who had succeeded Louis VII on the throne a few years before. Philip was plotting with Geoffrey against Henry when Geoffrey's death ended the conspiracy. Then he won Richard to his side.
(1) 1189, summer: His son Richard and Philip Augustus, who had succeeded Louis VII as King of France, defeated him in Anjou, France. He was so old and ill that he could hardly ride his horse. He met them in conference and met their demands. This was the greatest humiliation of his life, and he took to his couch to die. His last hours were made more bitter by the knowledge that John, the one son whom he believed to be true, had been engaged with Philip and Richard in the conspiracy against him.
Princess Eleonore of Aquitaine
Note: KIng Louis VII and Eleanor were divorced in 1152
Note:
From the "Notable Women Ancestors" site:https://sites.rootsweb.com/~nwa/aquit.htmlEleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204), renowned for her cultivatedintelligence and great beauty, was queen to two kings and mother of twoothers. She was one of the most powerful and fascinating personalities offeudal Europe.
Eleanor was a granddaughter of Guillaume (William) IX of Aquitaine(1070-1127), who was one of the first and most famous troubadours. He wasa cheerful man and an ardent lover of women, who joined the FirstCrusade. When he returned from this disastrous crusade early in thecentury in a very cynical mood, he found his countess, Philippa ofToulouse, taken up with one of those religious movements perenniallyarising on the soil of Aquitaine. He abandoned his lady and took up withthe Countess of Chatellerault to enliven his middle years. The newcountess was the mother of a daughter, Anor (Eleanor) by her previousmarriage and this young woman the troubadour married to his own heirGuillaume X, born of Philippa. Anor and Guillaume X were the parents ofEleanor, a sister, Petronilla and a brother, Agret who did not survivechildhood.
The court of Guillaume X was the centre of western European culture.Unlike most of her contemporaries, male and especially female, Eleanorwas carefully educated and she was an excellent student. Eleanor's happychildhood ended with the subsequent deaths of her mother, her littlebrother and, in 1137, her father. Heiress of the duchy of Aquitaine, theorphaned Eleanor was married to Louis VII King of France in 1137 at age15, bringing into the union her vast possessions from the River Loire tothe Pyrenees.
Louis had been brought up for an office in the church, but he had becomeheir to the French throne after the death of his elder brother. He was aweak, dull, grave and pious man and he and the lively Eleanor were illmatched. Louis never understood his young wife, but he appears to haveadored her with a passionate admiration. It wasn't until 1145 that adaughter, Marie, was born.
A few years after her marriage, at age 19, Eleanor knelt in the cathedralof Vezelay before the celebrated Abbe Bernard of Clairvaux offering himthousands of her vassals for the Second Crusade which included "manyother ladies of quality": Sybille, Countess of Flanders, whose halfbrother was King of Jerusalem, Mamille of Roucy, Florine of Bourgogne,Torqueri of Bouillon, Faydide of Toulouse, and scores of others whom thechroniclers could not afford the parchment to enumerate.
No one appears to have asked publicly what these female warriors were toinflict upon the Saracens. The historians do not well explain why hordesof women took up the cross, however, most deplore the fact that thequeen's example made other ladies intractable and to the Second Crusadewent "a good many women who had no business to be included in the army."
A legend tells us that the queen and her ladies disappeared and presentlyreappeared on white horses in the guise of Amazons, in gilded buskins,plumed and with banners and that the queen and her cavalcade gallopedover the hillside of Vezelay, rallying laggard knights. The tale is incharacter, and later allusions to Amazons en route, found in Greekhistories, give some substance to it.
While the church may have been pleased to receive her thousand fightingvassals, they were less happy when they learned that Eleanor, attended by300 of her ladies, also planned to go to help "tend the wounded." Thepresence of Eleanor, her ladies and wagons of female servants, wascriticized by commentators throughout her adventure. Dressed in armor andcarrying lances, the women never fought. In the papal bull for the nextCrusade, it expressly forbade women of all sorts to join the expedition.All the Christian monarchs, including King Louis, agreed to this.
When they reached the city of Antioch, Eleanor found herself deep in arenewed friendship with Raymond, her uncle, who had been appointed princeof the city. Raymond, only a few years older than Eleanor, was far moreinteresting and handsome than Eleanor's husband, Louis. When Raymonddecided that the best strategic objective of the Crusade would be torecapture Edessa, thus protecting the Western presence in the Holy Land,Eleanor sided with his view. But Louis VII, fixated on reachingJerusalem, rejected the plan and a quarrel followed. Louis demanded thatEleanor follow him to Jerusalem. Eleanor, furious, announced to one andall that their marriage was not valid in the eyes of God, for they weredistantly related to an extent prohibited by the Church.
Wounded by her claim, Louis began preparations for his departure andafter dark Eleanor was forcibly conducted from Antioch. Soon the crusadebecame a complete failure and even Louis' brother Robert quickly rushedhome. On their way back to France, Louis and Eleanor visited the pope toplead for a divorce. Instead, the pope tried to reconcile them andinduced them to sleep in the same bed again.
On her way home, while resting in Sicily, Eleanor was brought the newsthat her uncle Raymond had been killed in battle, and that his headdelivered to the Caliph of Baghdad.
Although her marriage to Louis continued for a time, the relationship wasover. In 1152 the marriage was annulled and her vast estates reverted toEleanor's control. Although consanguinity was the official reason for theannulment of their marriage in 1152, basic incompatibility was the realreason. Hardly had her marriage to Louis been dissolved when Eleanormarried Henry of Anjou, soon to become (1154) King Henry II of England.
Eleanor's inheritance passed to the English crown, which, when combinedwith his English possessions, made Henry much more powerful than Louis,and he was a frequently hostile neighbor. The marriage of Eleanor andHenry was as stormy as her first.
Although Eleanor's first marriage had resulted in only two daughters bornin fifteen year, Eleanor bore Henry five sons and three daughters. As thechildren grew up and Henry openly took mistresses, the couple grew apart.Eleanor was 44 years old, when she gave birth to their youngest son, JohnLackland. By then she had discovered the existence of "Fair" RosamundClifford, the most famous of Henry's mistresses. Later Henry even managedto seduce the fiancee of his son Richard, who was a daughter of Louis VIIand his second wife.
In 1169 Henry sent Eleanor to Aquitaine to restore order as its duchess.Her proceedings from the time she resume her residence in Poitou indicatea resolution to cut herself away from feudal kings and to establish aPoutevin domain. She was no mere game piece as were most feudal women, tobe moved like a queen in chess. In this, her third important role inhistory, she was the pawn of neither king, and arrived as her ownmistress, equipped with plans to establish her own assize. She wasresolved to escape from secondary roles, to assert her independentsovereignty, to dispense her own justice, and her own patronage. Thoughcontinuing now and then to cooperate with Henry outside her provinces inthe interests of her other sons, she took measures to establish her ownheir, son Richard, in Poutou and Aquitaine and to restore throughout herprovinces the ancient glories of the native dukes and counts.
Once more the ducal palace at Poitou became the center of all that wascivilized and refined. Troubadours, musicians and scholars were welcomedat Poitiers. There, in 1170 Eleanor reconciled with her first borndaughter Marie of France, countess of Champagne. Marie had a "code oflove" written down in thirty-one articles. They described feminist ideasfar beyond the 12th century cult of chivalry. In addition, Eleanorsponsored the "courts of love" in which men having problems with the codeof love could bring their questions before a tribunal of ladies forjudgement.
When in 1173 their sons revolted against their father, Eleanor backedthem and was subsequently imprisoned by Henry until his death in 1189. Bythen three of their sons had already died and Henry's successor wasEleanor's favourite son, Richard I Lionheart (1157-1199), who appreciatedhis mother's advice. When he went on crusade, Eleanor became regent.Although Richard was reputedly a homosexual, he was supposed to provideEngland with heirs, so Eleanor escorted his bride-to-be to Sicily. WhenRichard was killed in 1199, he was succeeded by his youngest brother,John Lackland (1166-1216). Eleanor returned to Aquitaine and retired inthe abbey of Fontevraud. She remained busy and active and personallyarranged the marriage of her Castilian granddaughter to the grandson ofLouis VII. Thus she lived to be about 82, an extraordinary age in themiddle ages
SURN Aquitaine
GIVN Eleanor of
_UID 6CDAB4844B856D4FA0FF795C4BAD552FFAFD
Eleanor, Queen of France, divorced King Louis VII before she marriedHenry.
This precipitated recurrent warefare between France & England overEleanor's
inheritance of Aquitaine. Eleanor became estranged from Henry over his
infidelity with Rosamond Clifford. IN 1170 she established her own courtat
Poitiers. Eleanor was responsible for collecting the ransom for Richard
"Lionheart", captured in the Third Crusade. She ultimately prevailed in
seeing her two son's Richard & John become kings.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36
SURN Aquitaine
GIVN Eleanor of
_UID 6CDAB4844B856D4FA0FF795C4BAD552FFAFD
Eleanor, Queen of France, divorced King Louis VII before she marriedHenry.
This precipitated recurrent warefare between France & England overEleanor's
inheritance of Aquitaine. Eleanor became estranged from Henry over his
infidelity with Rosamond Clifford. IN 1170 she established her own courtat
Poitiers. Eleanor was responsible for collecting the ransom for Richard
"Lionheart", captured in the Third Crusade. She ultimately prevailed in
seeing her two son's Richard & John become kings.
DATE 18 Feb 2001
TIME 22:41:36Was at different times, Queen of both France and England.Marrying first
Louis VII and Later, after annulment, Henry II. They produced "the Devil`s
Brood"( see note re curse on William IX ). She entrigued against her
husband and children..............
Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122?-1204), queen consort of France (1137-52) andqueen consort of England (1154-1204), born in France. She inherited theduchy of Aquitaine from her father in 1137, the same year in which shewas married to Louis VII of France. She accompanied her husband on theSecond Crusade to the Holy Land, where it was rumored that she committedadultery. The scandal, and the fact that she had not given the king amale heir, resulted in an annulment of their marriage in 1152 under thepretext of blood kinship between her and the king. Later that year,Eleanor married and gave her possessions to Henry Plantagenet, count ofAnjou, who in 1154 became Henry II, king of England. In 1170, the queeninduced her husband to invest their son Richard the Lion-Hearted with herpersonal dominions of Gascony, Aquitaine, and Poitou. When Richard andhis brothers rebelled against their father in 1173, Eleanor, alreadyalienated from the king because of his unfaithfulness, supported hersons. Consequently, she was placed in confinement until 1185. After herrelease, she secured the succession of her son Richard, who had becomeheir apparent at the death in 1183 of his eldest brother. From the deathof King Henry II in 1189 until Richard's return from the Third Crusade in1194, Eleanor ruled as regent. During this time, she foiled the attemptof her son John in 1193 to conspire with France against the new king.After the return of Richard, she arranged a reconciliation between thetwo brothers. Eleanor continued to be prominent in public affairs untilshe retired to the abbey in Fontevrault, France, where she died on April1, 1204.
"Eleanor of Aquitaine," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c)1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
..............
King of England Richard I the Lionheart Plantagenet
Richard I Coeur de Lion, King of England -
Reigned 1189-1199. Prisoner in Germany 1192-1194. A hero of Medieval legends spent all but 6 months of his reign abroad. He became Duke of Aquitaine in 1168 and of Poiters in 1172. He joined the 3rd crusade in 1189 and conquered Messina and Cyprus before arriving in the Holy Land. His victory at Arsuf gained Joppa (1191). On his way home he was capture in Austria and was only released by Emperor Henry VI after payment of an enourmous ransom (1194). He returned briefly to England but died in France.
After he became king, he joined Philip Augustus of
France in a crusade to the Holy Land. He captured the port of Acre, but could
not recapture Jerusalem. After an imprisonment in Austria on the way home, he
returned home in 1194, but did not really rule. In 1199, he was killed during
the siege of a French castle, and his brother John became king.
Note: He followed Richard I and reigned from 1199-1216