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BIRTHRATE
AND MORTALITY : Fertility
and Mortality in the United States, 1800-1980
Fertility and Mortality:
Birthratea
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Year
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White
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Blackb
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|
1800
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55.0
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|
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1810
|
54.3
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1820
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52.8
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1830
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51.4
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1840
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48.3
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1850
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43.3
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58.6c
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1860
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41.4
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55.0d
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1870
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38.3
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55.4e
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1880
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35.2
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51.9f
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1890
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31.5
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48.1
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1900
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30.1
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44.4
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1910
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29.2
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38.5
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1920
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26.9
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35.0
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1930
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20.6
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27.5
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1940
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18.6
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26.7
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1950
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23.0
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33.3
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1960
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22.7
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32.1
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1970
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17.4
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25.1
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1980
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14.9
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22.1
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a. Births per 1000 population per annum.
b. Black and other population for 1920 and later.
c. Average for 1850-1859.
d. Average for 1860-1869.
e. Average for 1870-1879.
f. Average for 1880-1884.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics
of the United States (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975); U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1988
(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987); Ansley J. Coale and Melvin
Zelnick, New Estimates of Fertility and Population in the United States
(Princeton University Press, 1963); Ansley J. Coale and Norfleet W. Rives,
"A Statistical Reconstruction of the Black Population of the United
States, 1880-1970: Estimates of True Numbers by Age and Sex, Birth Rates,
and Total Fertility," Population Index 39, no. 1 (Jan. 1973):
3-36; Michael R. Haines, "The Use of Model Life Tables to Estimate
Mortality for the United States in the Late Nineteenth Century," Demography
16, no. 2 (May 1979): 289-312.
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