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The Poor
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Overseers
From 1572 the Vestry (which consisted of the vicar, the two churchwardens and two or more Overseers) annually elected two members to act as Overseers of the poor. In Ardleigh there were were a number of overseers. In 1794 there were 5 and as few as 2 in 1804. On average there were 4 at any one time. Women in Ardleigh were overseers and between 1767 to 1837 there were 4 females who held this position.
List of Overseers of the Poor (OP) 1767-1845
ABBOTT, Edward (b.1793) 1826, 1838 and 1839.
ABBOTT, Mary (b.1736) 1785, 1784 and 1798 (kept the accounts).
ABREY, Samuel (b.1759) 1787-1788
ABREY, Samuel (b.1778) 1845
BACON, George (b.1776) 1817-1818 and 1828
BECKEY, Joseph (b.1736) 1767-8
BEDFORD, John (b. 1783) Constable 1826 & 1838
BIGGS, George (b.1769) 1789-1791
BLOOMFIELD, Henry (b.1746) 1774-5, 1777-8 and 1792-3
BLOOMFIELD, Henry (b.1775) 1823
BOND, Samuel (b.1772) 1806-14 and 1816
BROMLEY, John (b.1784) 1818 & 1829
BROMLEY, Philip (b.1746) 1788-1790
BROMLEY, Susannah (nee HOLDEN/HOLDING) (b.1781) 1825 & 1837
BULL, Jonathan 1827 & 1846
CARRINGTON, John (b.1735) 1789-1790
COOKE, Raymond (b.1744) 1792
COOKE, William (b.1756) 1799
COOKE, William (b.1740) 1799
COOPER, Daniel (b.1748) 1784
COOPER, Daniel (b. 1776) 1798, 1803-1804 and 1818
COOPER, Samuel (b.1767) 1827
COOPER, Thomas (b.1742) 1785
COOPER, Thomas (b.1766) 1829
COOPER, William (b.1772) 1799
DAY, Joseph (b.1784) 1823
DAY, Benjamin (b.1732) 1785-1786
DUFFIELD, William (b.1756) 1787
DUNNINGHAM, Thomas (b.1736) 1773-1777
DUNNINGHAM, William (b.1731) 1778-1779 and 1793-1794
FENN, John (b.1766) 1819
FEARIS, Philip (b.1771) 1792
FENTON, Thomas (b.1746) 1778, 1800-1801, 1805-1807
FENN, John (b.1766) 1803, 1819 and 1830
GIRLING, Joseph (b.1734) 1794-1797
JAKES, Robert (b.1728) 1768
JOCELYNE, John (b,1736) 1782-1783
KEEBLE, Alexander (b. 1764) 1793 & 1805
KEEBLE, Alexander (b. 1764)1823 & 1827
LAMBE, Sandford(b.1766) 1817 & 1728
LEVERETT, Henry (b.1754) 1782
LOTT, Samuel (b. 1746) 1794-1797
LUGAR, John (b.1769) 1820, 1824 & 1835
LUGAR, John Kelly (b.1793) 1820, 1824 & 1835
LUGAR, Robert (b.1790) 1824
LUGAR, William (b.1753) 1779-80
LUGAR, William (b.1755) 1796
NICE, Benjamin (b.1756) 1782-1783 & 1797-1798 and kept accounts for 1798
PITT, William (b. 1746) 1772 & 1774-6
ROGERS, Isaac (b.1770) 1807-1814
SOUTHGATE, Benjamin (b.1720) 1786
VINCE, James (b.1774) 1818 & 1830
WENT, Robert (b.1736) 1781-1782
WENT, Thomas (b.1760) 1799-1801 & 1805-6
WENT, Thomas (b, 1788) 1808-16 & 1827.
WILLSMORE, Joseph (b.1766) 1820-1821 & 1831
Deputy Overseer
BULL, Jonathan 1794-5
COOKE, Raymond (b.1744) 1796
Assistant overseers
BULL, Jonathan 1800-3
COOKE, Raymond (b.1744) 1795-1796
The Workhouse
Difficult to know when the workhouse was built or first used. But was recorded in 1771. According to the Rev. Grubbe, the workhouse had plenty to drink. Liquor was consumed given by the workhouse or prescribed by the Parish doctor for those suffering from smallpox and other diseases. Gin, Brandy, Peppermint and beer appeared to have been disbursed quite liberally. Joseph FARNHAM in 1771 was Keeper. [1] and Samuel JAMES (b.1766) 1821-1828 was governor. Robert Pentoney (1751-1834, Ardleigh) shaved men in workhouse each week. William Merchant (b.1751). thatched the workhouse roof in 1809.[1] No workhouse recorded in the 1891 census.
The Poorhouse
The poorhouse was run by man and wife as a governor. The village poorhouse was situated on Smythies Heath. John BUSS (b.1764) supplied the Poorhouse and other poor with shoes for years. About 200 pairs of shoes a year. Edward HOWE (b.1751) was Governor in Nov 1794 - Oct 1795, John STYLES (b.1740) Keeper of the poorhouse in 1796, (James) HARDING in 1804 was keeper of the poorhouse, S. JAMES keeper in 1822 and Robert WENT (b.1786) Governor of the poorhouse in 1828. John BUSS (1764-1831) supplied the Poorhouse and other poor with shoes for years. About 200 pairs of shoes a year. In the 1796 census the following were those on the Poorhouse: John Styles, keeper of the Poor House, 56, Mary Styles, wife, 44, inmates: Edward Youngs, 70; Nightingale Boggis, 65; Robert Day, 66; Robert Pentoney, 80; Richard Browing, 70; John Emmoney, 40; Elizabeth Rutkin, 83; Margaret Clarke, 80; Sarah Vincent, 35; Sarah George, 30; Sarah Cooke, 50; Sarah Frostick, 21; Ann Wyatt, 13; Sarah Howe, 21; John Carder, 13; Thomas Vincent, 11; Samuel Gage, 7; Hannah Frostick, 7; James Frostick, 4; Michael Barker, 14 & Mary Mack, 20.
The Pesthouse
The pesthouses (isolation hospital) stood in Green Lane on Smythies Heath and were being propped up in 1905. John Bedford (b.1734) Owner in 1796.William Merchant (b.1751). thatched the pesthouse roof in 1809.
Those receiving Parish Relief
Benjamin ARDLEIGH (1756-1804). Poor family with 4 qualifying children for relief.
Charles ARNOLD (1753-1834) Poor family with 4 qualifying children for relief.
John ARNOLD (1766-1833). Was a poor family with 4 qualifying children for relief.
Stephen AVIS (b.1756). Poor family with 2 qualifying children for relief.
John BEWEN (1768-1832). Poor family with 2 qualifying children for relief in 1795 -1796.
Joseph BINDES (1765- 1843) Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
Samuel BLOYCE (1746-1840) Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
John BOND (1744-1812) Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
James BOYCE ( born in 1760) Poor family with 4 qualifying children. He kept a dog.
George BRAYLEY (1750-1819) Was a poor family with 4 qualifying children for relief. Living in 1819 in Ardleigh Street.
John BUSS (1764-1831). 1795-6 were a poor family with 3 children qualifying for parish relief.
Susan CARDE (1763-1798). A poor family 3 qualifying children for parish relief.
Alan DOWNES (1761-1837). Poor family with 2 quallifying children for relief
Samuel FENN (b.1762). Poor family with 4 children qualifying for relief.
Jonathan GAUNT (1763-1840) Poor family with 2 qualifying children for relief.
Thomas GARRARD (1768-1829) Poor family with 1 qualifying child for relief.
James HARRINGTON (1756-1832). Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
Edward HOWE was born in 1751-1820 Poor family qualifying children for relief was 3.
Daniel HUM (1767-1818). Poor family with 2 qualifying children for relief.
Francis JOWERS ( 1740- 1797) Received relief as a poor family with 3 qualifying children for parish relief in the hard winter in 1795-6.
John KING (b.1773). Poor family with 1 qualifying child for poor relief.
Robert MUNSON (1756- 1798) Poor family with 4 qualifying children for relief.
William MERCHANT (b,1751) Poor family with 6 children qualifying for parish relief.
Joseph NEVARD, (1760- 1837) Poor family with 4 qualifying children.
Abraham POLLEY was born in 1752-1839. Poor family with 3 children qualifying for relief. Leader of Pioneers.
Robert PENTONEY (1751-1834, Ardleigh) A poor family qualifying help for 6 children.
Abraham POLLEY(1752-1839). Poor family with 3 children qualifying for relief. Leader of Pioneers.
Henry SADLER was born in (1736-1816).Poor family with 2 children qualifying for parish relief. In April 1796 Henry was documented as being lame.
Willliam SADLER ( 1757-1836). Poor family with 2 qualifying children for relief.
James SAUNDERS ( born in 1766) Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
James SEABORN or SIBBOURNE (1766-1853). Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
John STEADY (1733-1800). Poor family with 5 qualifying children for relief.
Joseph STERLING ( born in 1761) Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
Jacob VINCE (1743-1812). Poor family with 3 qualifying children for relief.
John WALLER was (1767- 1839) Poor family with 2 children qualifying for relief.
William WELLSTEAD (1771-1820), Poor family with 1 child.
Robert WENT(b.1756). Poor family with 7 children qualifying for relief. Baptised aged 53.
James YOUNGS (b. 1760) Had a family with 3 children qualifying for parish relief.
Examination of Legal settlements
From the sixteenth century until 1834 each parish was responsible for their own poor. The poor were supported by the income of parish rates. When families moved into another parish and found they needed parish help or relief they were considered a burden on that parish. That parish would not want to have to support another family on their over stretched funds, especially if they did not 'belong' in that parish. After 1697 settlement certificates were issued by a magistrate that meant the parish could legally return them to their settlement parish. A settlement parish was usually the parish they were born in.
Index of Poor Law Settlement - (Not Completed) - This list only covers Essex.
| Surname | Forename | Present Parish | Parish settlement | Year |
| ALDRID | Sarah | Ardleigh | Huntingford, Suffolk | 1806 |
| APPLEBY | George | Ardleigh | Colchester, St Peters | 1826 |
| APPLEBY | George | Ardleigh | Peldon | 1831 |
| ARNOLD | Sarah | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
| ARTHEY | Samuel | Ardleigh | -- | 1820 |
| ARTHEY | Sarah (sw) | Ardleigh | St Osyth | 1778 |
| AVIS | Richard (wife + 3) | Ardleigh | Colchester, St Botolphs | 1776 |
| AVIS | Richard (wife + 3) | Ardleigh | Colchester, St Botolphs | 1776 |
| BACON | Charles | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| BACON | Charles | Manningtree | Ardleigh | 1816 |
| BACON | Charles (ch) | Westminster | Ardleigh | 1851 |
| BACON | Emma (ch) | Westminster | Ardleigh | 1851 |
| BACON | Jane (ch) | Westminster | Ardleigh | 1851 |
| BACON | Mary (ch) | Westminster | Ardleigh | 1851 |
| BAKER | Thomas (wife +4) | Colchester, St Botolph | Ardleigh | 1816 |
| BAKER | Thomas | Ardleigh | Colchester, St Nicholas | 1803 |
| BARKER | William | Ardleigh | -- | 1828 |
| BARRELL | John | Ardleigh | Langham | 1818 |
| BARRELL | Sarah (sw) | Langham | Ardleigh | 1798 |
| BARSTOCK | George | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| BASKETT | Ann | Ardleigh | -- | 1761 |
| BAYNES | Joseph | Elmstead | Ardleigh | 1815 |
| BEARHAM | Martha (+2) | Dedham | Ard | 1743 |
| BOGGIS | Fred (+wife) | Ardleigh | St George East | 1820 |
| BONES | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| BOWYER/BOORE | Mary | Ardleigh | Polstead | 1803 |
| BRAILY | William (+wife) | Ardleigh | Great Bromley | 1821 |
| BROWN | William | Elmstead | Ardleigh | 1815 |
| BURTON | Benjamin (+wife) | Kirby le Soken | Ardleigh | 1791 |
| BURTON | George | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
| BUSH | Stephen | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| BYAM | Edward (wife+2) | Ardleigh | Wivenhoe | 1821 |
| CANHAM | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| CANHAM | Thomas (wife+2) | Ardleigh | Elmstead | 1827 |
| CANHAM | William | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| CARTER | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| CHILVER | Mary | Ardleigh | Elmstead | 1793 |
| CHILVER | Sarah (sw) | Colchester | Ardleigh | 1737 |
| CHISNALL | John | Ardleigh | Manningtree | 1821 |
| CLARK | Elizabeth (sw) | Elmstead | Ardleigh | 1762 |
| CLARK | William (+wife) | Ardleigh | Ramsey | 1821 |
| CLARY | Ann (wd+5) | Greenstead | Ardleigh | 1846 |
| CLARY | Samuel | Wrabness, Essex | Ardleigh | 1821 |
| CLIFFORD | Sarah (sw) | Ardleigh | St Osyth | 1739 |
| CLIFFORD | Sarah (sw) | Ardleigh | St Osyth | 1739 |
| COLE | John (wife+5) | Ardleigh | Little Bromley | 1823 |
| COLE | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| COLE | Samuel | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| COLLINS | John | Ardleigh | Hadleigh | 1846 |
| COOK | Alice | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| COOK | Alice | Ardleigh | Colchester, St Peters | 1822 |
| COOKE | George | Ardleigh | -- | 1820 |
| CRACKNALL | John (+family) | Ardleigh | East Bergholt | 1833 |
| CRETING | William (+wife) | Ardleigh | Colchester, St Peters | 1804 |
| DAVEY | Daniel (+family) | Ardleigh | Henley | 1812 |
| DAVEY | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1812 |
| DAY | Joseph | Ardleigh | -- | 1826 |
| DEEVES | Daniel | Ardleigh | -- | 1828 |
| DOWNS | Allen | Elmstead, Essex | Ardleigh | 1803 |
| EASTALL | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1804 |
| EDWARD | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1826 |
| FARRINGTON | Abraham | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
| FENNER | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1833 |
| FLEGG/SMITH | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1806 |
| FRANCIS | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| FROSDIKE/CLARKE | James | Ardleigh | Wivenhoe | 1817 |
| FROST | Anthony | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| FROST | Robert | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| GARRARD | Thomas | Tollshunt D'Arcy, Essex | Ardleigh | 1809 |
| GOWERS | Francis | Ardleigh | -- | 1818 |
| GOYMER | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| HAYES | Jeremiah | Ardleigh | Bocking | 1817 |
| HELLEN | Sarah | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| HILLS | Samuel | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
| HOWARD | Robert | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| HUM | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1819 |
| HUM | James | Ardleigh | East Bergholt | 1804 |
| HUM | James | Ardleigh | Earl Stonham, Suffolk | 1819 |
| KAY | Henry | Ardleigh | -- | 1777 |
| KEEBLE | James | Ardleigh | East Bergholt, Suffolk | 1817 |
| KEEBLE | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| KEEBLE | John | Ardleigh | Stowmarket, Suffolk | 1816 |
| LEWES | John | Great Bromley, Essex | Ardleigh | 1810 |
| LILLEY | William | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| LINNETT | William | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| LONG | Elizabeth | Ardleigh | -- | 1847 |
| MUNSON | Robert | Ardleigh | -- | 1812 |
| NEAVARD | Edward | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| NORGROVE | Hannah | Ardleigh | -- | 1825 |
| NORMAN | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1819 |
| NOTLEY | William | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| OSBORNE | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| PACKSMAN | John | St Osyth | Ardleigh | 1812 |
| PATTISON | Ephraim | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| PATTEN | Daniel | Ardleigh | -- | 1825 |
| PATTEN | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| PAXMAN | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| PERRIMAN | John | Clacton, Essex | Ardleigh | 1787 |
| PERRY | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| PERRYMAN | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| POLLEY | Jacob | Ardleigh | Mistley | 1816 |
| POLLEY | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| POLLEY | Maria | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
| POLLEY | Peter | Ardleigh | -- | 1800 |
| POLLEY | Peter | Colchester, St Peters | Ardleigh | 1826 |
| PUDNEY | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| RAND | Samuel | Ardleigh | -- | 1813 |
| SADLER | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1826 |
| SADLER | Mary Ann | Ardleigh | -- | 1825 |
| SADLER | Sarah | Ardleigh | -- | 1814 |
| SADLER | William | Elmstead | Ardleigh | 1815 |
| SHEARING | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| SHEARMAN | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| SMITH | Peter | Ardleigh | -- | 1821 |
| SMITH | Susannah | Ardleigh | -- | 1839 |
| SMITH/FLEGG | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1806 |
| SOUTHGATE | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| SOUTHGATE | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| SPARROW | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1820 |
| STARLING | Joseph | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| VINCE | John | Ardleigh | -- | 1823 |
| WALSTEAD | Sarah | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| WARNELL | Thomas | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| WARNER | John | Thorpe Le Soken | Ardleigh | 1821 |
| WATTS | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
| WELLHAM | Maria | Ardleigh | -- | 1818 |
| WELHAM | Samuel | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| WITTLE | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| WHITTEN | William | Ardleigh | -- | 1815 |
| WHITTLE | James | Ardleigh | -- | 1822 |
| WILDING | Sarah | Rochford | Ardleigh | 1771 |
| WOODTHORPE | Robert | Ardleigh | -- | 1816 |
| WRIGHT | Daniel | Ardleigh | -- | 1817 |
sw - single woman + (and number) - number represents amount of children ch - child wd - widow/er
