Ancestors of Caden Michael Norquist

Forty-first Generation

2059356659632. Erik VII SWEDEN King Of Uppsala (Sweden),⁴¹⁵ ^,3024 ^,3178 ^,3298 son of Edmund ERIKSSON Of Sweden and REGNERSDATTER, was born about 849 of Uppsala, Sweden and died in 900 in Sweden about age 51. Another name for Erik was Erik EDMUNDSSON.

General Notes:
King of Sweden. Made a god by the Swedish people following his death. Ruled over Finland, Carelia, Esthonia, Courland and wide over all Austria. These countries belonged to Sweden until King Olof Skoetkonung "let all his scatlands get away from him." Scat means tribute or bribe to let them live in peace. [WBH - Sweden]

Snorri Sturluson mentions a King Eirik at Uppsala not long after 850. An inscription on the Sparlosa stone of c. 800 has been interpreted to mean that a king Alrik, son of king Eirik of Uppsala, ruled over Vastergotland at that time, which would suggest an Uppland dominance, and Wulfstan's testimony in the 890s would seem to confirm this. [A History of the Vikings, p. 79]

King of Uppsala; son of Emund of Sweden; father of Bjorn the Old, king of Uppsala. [WFT Vol 5 Ped 650]

King of Sweden; son Edmund Ericksson; father of Bjorn, King of Sweden. [WFT Vol 5 Ped 3563]

Son of Emund Eriksson and ?? Regnersdatter; father of Bjorn 'den gamle' Eriksson. [Andrew Waite <[email protected], 25 Aug 2001]

Erik married.

Children from this marriage were:

1029678329816 i. Bjorn "The Old" Eriksson King Of SWEDEN (born in 867 in Uppsala, Sweden - died in 950 in Sweden)

ii. Alrik Of Vastergotland King was born about 870 of Vastergotland.

2059356659658. Richard I "The Justiciar" Duke Of BURGUNDY,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,2112 ^,2780 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 860 in Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France and died on 1 September 921 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^²⁷⁸⁰ about age 61. Another name for Richard was Richard De AUTUN.

Richard married Adelaide Of AUXERRE ²¹¹² ^,2780 about 892. Adelaide was born about 872 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France and died in 929 about age 57. Other names for Adelaide were Adelaide De AUXERRE, Adélaïde De BOURGOGNE, and Adelaide Of BURGUNDY.

2059356659659. Adelaide Of AUXERRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2112 ^,2323 ^,2540 ^,2780 daughter of Conrad II Welf, Markgrave Of TRANJURANIAN BURGUNDY and Ermentrude Of HAUTE ALSACE, was born about 872 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France and died in 929 about age 57. Other names for Adelaide were Adelaide De AUXERRE, Adélaïde De BOURGOGNE, and Adelaide Of BURGUNDY.

Adelaide married Richard 'The Justiciar" Of AUTUN Duke Of Burgundy,²¹¹² ^,2780 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, about 892.²⁵⁴⁰ Richard was born in 867 in France and died on 1 September 921 in Auxerre, France ^{²⁵⁴⁰^,2780} at age 54. Other names for Richard were Richard De AUTUN, Richard II Le Justicier, Duc Bénéficiaire De BOURGOGNE, Richard Le Justicier, and Duke Of BURGUNDY.²³²³

Adelaide next married Richard I "The Justiciar" Duke Of BURGUNDY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2112 ^,2780 about 892. Richard was born about 860 in Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France and died on 1 September 921 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^²⁷⁸⁰ about age 61. Another name for Richard was Richard De AUTUN.

2059357149472. Sigebert Of VERDUN .¹⁴⁴⁴ Another name for Sigebert was Bouquet IX Of PROVENCE.

Sigebert married Kunigund Of PROVENCE.

The child from this marriage was:

1029678574736 i. Wigeric De La Troesgau, Count Palatine Of AACHEN (born about 882 in Trier, Rhrinland-Pfalz, Germany - died before June 919)

2059357149473. Kunigund Of PROVENCE,¹⁴⁴⁴ daughter of Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence and Ermengarde De LORRAINE.

Kunigund married Sigebert Of VERDUN. Another name for Sigebert was Bouquet IX Of PROVENCE.

2059357149488. Amadeus Count Of BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 son of Conte Unroch (Hunroch) I Margrave Of FRIULI and Engeltron Of PARIS, was born about 802 in Bourgogne, France and died after 865. Another name for Amadeus was BOURGOGNE.³¹¹⁸

Amadeus married.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Miss Countess Of BURGUNDY was born about 822 in Bourgogne, France.

1029678574744 ii. Anscar II Count Of Orcheret Marquis Of IVREA (born about 827 in Bourgogne, France - died between 891 and 898 in Ivrea, Piedmont, Italy)

iii. Wildo BURGUNDY.

2059357149492. Marquis Eberhard Marchese Di FRIULI (UNRUOCHINGER),⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2972 ^,2973 son of Conte Unroch (Hunroch) I Margrave Of FRIULI and Engeltron Of PARIS, was born in 800 in Friuli, , Italy, died on 16 December 866 in Italy ^{²⁹⁷⁴^,2975^,2976} at age 66, and was buried in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France.^²⁹⁷⁵ Other names for Eberhard were Evrard, Eberhard, Marquis Of FRIOUL, Eberhard De FRIULI, Eberhard Di FRIULI,²⁹⁷⁴ Eberhard Graf Von SULICHGAU, Eberhard, and Count In The SULICHGAU.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, Abt 864. ²⁹⁷³

Eberhard married Gisela, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2973 ^,2975 about 825 in Of, , , France ²⁹⁷².^,2975 Gisela, was born in 820 in Aquitaine, France,^{²⁹⁷³^,2977} died on 1 July 874 ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2973^,2977^,2978} at age 54, and was buried in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France.^²⁹⁷⁵ Other names for Gisela, were Gila, Gisele Of AQUITAINE, Gisela De BAVIERE, Gisèle De FRANCE, and²⁹⁷⁷ Gisele Princess Of FRANCE.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Alt. Marriage: Alt. Marriage, Bef 840. ²⁹⁷³

2059357149493. Gisela, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2973 ^,2975 daughter of Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian and Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Judith Altdorf The Fair, Princess Of BAVARIA, was born in 820 in Aquitaine, France,^{²⁹⁷³^,2977} died on 1 July 874 ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2973^,2977^,2978} at age 54, and was buried in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France.^²⁹⁷⁵ Other names for Gisela, were Gila, Gisele Of AQUITAINE, Gisela De BAVIERE, Gisèle De FRANCE, and²⁹⁷⁷ Gisele Princess Of FRANCE.

Gisela, married Marquis Eberhard Marchese Di FRIULI (UNRUOCHINGER) ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2973 about 825 in Of, , , France ²⁹⁷².^,2975 Eberhard was born in 800 in Friuli, , Italy, died on 16 December 866 in Italy ^{²⁹⁷⁴^,2975^,2976} at age 66, and was buried in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France.^²⁹⁷⁵ Other names for Eberhard were Evrard, Eberhard, Marquis Of FRIOUL, Eberhard De FRIULI, Eberhard Di FRIULI,²⁹⁷⁴ Eberhard Graf Von SULICHGAU, Eberhard, and Count In The SULICHGAU.

2059357149494. Suppo Margrave Of SPOLETO,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2979 ^,2980 son of Maurin Margrave Of SPOLETO and Unknown, was born about 836 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy and died in 885 about age 49. Another name for Suppo was Suppo, Marquis Of SPOLETO.

Suppo married Bertha. Bertha was born about 840 in Italy.

The child from this marriage was:

1029678574747 i. Bertila Of SPOLETTO (born before 865 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy - died in December 915)

2059357149495. Bertha ⁴¹⁵ was born about 840 in Italy.

Bertha married Suppo Margrave Of SPOLETO.²⁹⁷⁹ Suppo was born about 836 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy and died in 885 about age 49. Another name for Suppo was Suppo, Marquis Of SPOLETO.

2059357149496. Herbert Marquis Of Transjuranian BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 son of Boso III Of East Franks Count Of TURIN and Richilde D' AMIENS, was born about 824 in Bourgogne, France and died in 864 in Orbe, Vaud, Switzerland (Slain) ^¹⁴⁴⁷ about age 40. The cause of his death was Killed. Other names for Herbert were Hugbert D' ARLES, Héribert, and Marquis De BOURGOGNE.

General Notes:
Lay Abbot of St Maurice.

Herbert married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029678574748 i. Theobald I Count Of ARLES (born about 860 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France - died before 896)

2059357149498. Lothar II The Saxon, King Of LORRAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2151 ^,2777 ^,3299 son of King Of Italy Lothaire I Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Ermengarde De TOURS, was born in 827 in Alsace, Lorraine, France ^{²⁷⁷⁶^,3266} and died on 8 August 869 in Piacenza, Italy ^{²¹⁵¹^,2776^,3267^,3268} at age 42. Other names for Lothar were Lothaire II The Saxon, King Of LORRAINE, Lothaire Ii, King From The Carolingian Median Kingdom Of LOTHARINGIA, Lothaire II De Germanie, and Roi De LOTHARINGIE.

General Notes: Lothaire=Lothar II, King de Lorraine (Paul, Nouveau Larousse Universel.) (Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 193, Line 263-39.) (Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome I, Page 384). Born: in 827, son of Lothaire I, Emperor of the West and Ermengarde de Tours Married circa 855: Teutberge de Valois, daughter of Boson III, Count de Turin.

Lothaire II was the King of Lorraine from 855 to 869. He married Teutberge de Valois whom he repudiated in favor of his concubine Walrade. From 858 until 869 he battled to get rid of his wife. This cost him the court of Rome, and an excommunication by the Church, for which he had to beg the pardon of the Pope. Upon the death of his brother, Charles de Provence in 863, Lothar II would get the center of Charles' Kingdom (since Charles had no son). Divorced Teutberge de Valois): in 862. Married on 25 Dec 862: Waldrade d'Alsace; Waldrade was Lothaire's concubine long before he married her after his first wife died. Died: on 8 Aug 869 in Piacenza, Italy, Having no sons upon his death, Lothar II's lands reverted to his sole surviving brother Louis II.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Birth: Alt. Birth Alsace, Lorraine, France, Abt 835. ³³⁰⁰

Lothar married Theutberga ³²⁶⁷ in 1st Wife. Theutberga was born about 830.

Lothar next married Queen Waldrada (Valtrude) Of LORRAINE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2151 ^,3267 on 25 December 862 in 2ND Wife ¹⁴⁴⁷ ^,2776.^,3266 Waldrada was born about 840 in Saxony, Germany and died after 868 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,1784^,2776}. Other names for Waldrada were Valtrude, Waldrada,²⁷⁷⁷ Walrade, Waldrata Of ALSACE, and Waldrade Of LORRAINE.

Children from this marriage were:

1029678574749 i. Bertha Princess Of LORRAINE Abbess Of Avenay (born in 863 in Lorraine, France - died on 8 March 924-925 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy)

ii. Duke Of Alsace Hugues Prince Of LORRAINE was born in 867 in Lorraine, , France and died in 895 at age 28.

iii. Gisela Princess Of LORRAINE was born about 869 in Reims, Lorraine, France and died before 27 October 907 ^¹⁷⁸⁴. Other names for Gisela were Gisela De LORRAINE, and Gisela De LOTHARINGIA.

iv. Ermengarde Princess Of LORRAINE was born in 873 in , Lorraine, France.

Lothar next married Teutberge Countess In TUSCANY ¹⁶⁰¹ in 855 in <Alsace, Lorraine, France>. Teutberge was born in <Alsace, Lorraine, France> and died in Y.

Lothar next married Teutberga D' ARLES, daughter of Boso III Of East Franks Count Of TURIN and Engeltrude, in 855.¹⁴⁴⁷ Teutberga died before 25 November 875 ^¹⁴⁴⁷.

2059357149499. Queen Waldrada (Valtrude) Of LORRAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2151 ^,3267 daughter of Ludolph Duke Of SAXONY and Hedwige Of FRIULI, was born about 840 in Saxony, Germany and died after 868 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,1784^,2776}. Other names for Waldrada were Valtrude, Waldrada,²⁷⁷⁷ Walrade, Waldrata Of ALSACE, and Waldrade Of LORRAINE.

Waldrada married Lothar II The Saxon, King Of LORRAINE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2151 ^,2777 ^,3299 on 25 December 862 in 2ND Wife ¹⁴⁴⁷ ^,2776.^,3266 Lothar was born in 827 in Alsace, Lorraine, France ^{²⁷⁷⁶^,3266} and died on 8 August 869 in Piacenza, Italy ^{²¹⁵¹^,2776^,3267^,3268} at age 42. Other names for Lothar were Lothaire II The Saxon, King Of LORRAINE, Lothaire Ii, King From The Carolingian Median Kingdom Of LOTHARINGIA, Lothaire II De Germanie, and Roi De LOTHARINGIE.

2059357149500. Conrad II Welf, Markgrave Of TRANJURANIAN BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2323 ^,2539 ^,2540 ^,2780 son of Conrad I Of Burgundy, Count Of PARIS AND AUXERRE and Adelaide, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in 825 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^¹⁴⁴⁷ and died in 881 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2539} at age 56. Other names for Conrad were Conrad Ii, Count De AUXERRE, Konrad II Of AUXERRE, Konrad Ii, Count Of AUXERRE,²⁵⁴⁰ Conrad II Margrave Of TRANSJURANIA, Conrad Ii, and Duke Of TRANSURANAL BURGUNDY.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Birth: Alt. Birth, 825. ²⁵³⁹

Conrad married Ermentrude Of HAUTE ALSACE.²⁵³⁹ Ermentrude was born before 811 in Alsace, France and died from 20 March 850 to 851. Other names for Ermentrude were Vaudrie, Ermentrude D' ALSACE, Waldrada Of ALSACE, and Waldrada De WORMSGAU.

Conrad next married Judith (Ingeltrude) Of FRIULI ¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,2553 in 1st Husband. Judith was born about 837 in Friuli, Italy and died after 853. Other names for Judith were Judith Of FRIAUL, Judith De FRIOUL, Judith Waldrada Of FRIULI, Jutte Of FRIULI, Jeutte. Grafin Von SEULICHGAU, Jhutte Von SHULICHGAU, and Judith Of The SULICHGAU.

2059357149501. Ermentrude Of HAUTE ALSACE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2539 daughter of Luitfried III Count Of Upper ALSACE and Unknown, was born before 811 in Alsace, France and died from 20 March 850 to 851. Other names for Ermentrude were Vaudrie, Ermentrude D' ALSACE, Waldrada Of ALSACE, and Waldrada De WORMSGAU.

Ermentrude married Conrad II Welf, Markgrave Of TRANJURANIAN BURGUNDY ²⁵³⁹.^,2780 Conrad was born in 825 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^¹⁴⁴⁷ and died in 881 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2539} at age 56. Other names for Conrad were Conrad Ii, Count De AUXERRE, Konrad II Of AUXERRE, Konrad Ii, Count Of AUXERRE,²⁵⁴⁰ Conrad II Margrave Of TRANSJURANIA, Conrad Ii, and Duke Of TRANSURANAL BURGUNDY.

2059357149502. Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2638 ^,3301 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 845 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France and died from 11 January 886 to 887 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France ^²⁶³⁸ about age 41. Other names for Boso were Boso, King Of BURGUNDY, and²³²³ Boso II King Of PROVENCE.

Boso married Unknown First WIFE. Unknown was born about 847 in France.

Boso next married Ermengarde De LORRAINE ³²⁰⁴ ^,3302 in 876 in 2ND Wife ²⁶³⁸.^,3301 Ermengarde was born about 855 in Lorraine, France ^³³⁰¹ and died before 2 April 897 ^³³⁰¹. Other names for Ermengarde were Irmengard CAROLING, Ermengarde Of FRANCE, and Ermengard Av ITALIA.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681718035 i. Engelberge De PROVENCE (born about 877 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France - died after January 916-17)

ii. Hugh De PROVENCE was born in 884.

1029678574751 iii. Willa Of VIENNE (born about 878 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France - died on 14 June 929)

1029681718036 iv. Emperor Louis III "The Blind" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (born about 883 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France - died on 5 June 928 in Arles, -, France)

1029681718061 v. Ermengarde Of PROVENCE (born about 870 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France - died before 21 April 935 in Reulle-Vergy, Cote D'or, Bourgogne, France)

2059357149473 vi. Kunigund Of PROVENCE

2059357149503. Ermengarde De LORRAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3204 ^,3302 daughter of King Of The Lombards Louis II Emperor Of The West HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Engeberge Of ALSACE, was born about 855 in Lorraine, France ^³³⁰¹ and died before 2 April 897 ^³³⁰¹. Other names for Ermengarde were Irmengard CAROLING, Ermengarde Of FRANCE, and Ermengard Av ITALIA.

General Notes: Before 866 - mistress of Byzantine Emperor. [Ancestral Roots]

Ermengarde married Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence ¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,2638 ^,3301 in 876 in 2ND Wife ²⁶³⁸.^,3301 Boso was born about 845 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France and died from 11 January 886 to 887 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France ^²⁶³⁸ about age 41. Other names for Boso were Boso, King Of BURGUNDY, and²³²³ Boso II King Of PROVENCE.

2059357149568. Eberhard III Count Of MAINGAU, son of Eberhard II Count Of LAHNGAU and Unknown, was born about 920 in Main River Valley, Hesse, Germany and died in 982 about age 62.

Eberhard married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029678574784 i. Arnold I Comte De CHINY (born about 945 in Main River Valley, Hesse, Germany - died in 982 in Chiny, Luxemburg)

2059357210592. Eudes De DAMMARTIN Of Norton & Mendlesham,⁶⁷⁰ ^,1120 ^,1407 son of Hugues I De Montdidier Comte De DAMMARTIN and Rohese Fitzrichard De CLARE, was born about 1082 in Mendlesham, Hartismere, Suffolk, England and died in 1130 in Norton, Stow, Suffolk, England ^¹⁴⁰⁷ about age 48. Another name for Eudes was Hugues II Comte De DAMMARTIN.

Eudes married Basilie.¹⁴⁰⁷ Basilie was born about 1085 in France.

Children from this marriage were:

1029678605296 i. Alberic I Comte De DAMMARTIN Lord Of Norton (born in 1110 in Dammartine, Seine-Et-Marne, Ile-DE-France, France - died in 1183 in Norton, Stow, Suffolk, England)

ii. Manasser De DAMMARTIN Of Mendlesham, Cotton was born about 1115 in Mendlesham, Hartismere, Suffolk, England and died before 1179 in Norton Mandeville, Ongar, Essex, England ^³³⁰³.

2059357210593. Basilie ⁶⁷⁰ ^,1407 was born about 1085 in France.

Basilie married Eudes De DAMMARTIN Of Norton & Mendlesham ¹¹²⁰.^,1407 Eudes was born about 1082 in Mendlesham, Hartismere, Suffolk, England and died in 1130 in Norton, Stow, Suffolk, England ^¹⁴⁰⁷ about age 48. Another name for Eudes was Hugues II Comte De DAMMARTIN.

2059357210596. Hugh De Creil Comte De CLERMONT,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,2218 ^,2219 ^,2220 son of Renaud De CREIL Chamberlain Of Clermont and Ermengardis Of CLERMONT, was born in 1030 in Clermont-En-Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France and died in 1101 ^²²²¹ at age 71. Another name for Hugh was Hugh De CREIL Comte De Clermont.

General Notes: Hugues, COUNT OF CLERMONT in Beauvaisis, by Margaret, daughter of Hilduin, COUNT OF Rouci and MONTDIDIER. [Complete Peerage]

Hugh married Margaret De ROUCY ²²¹⁸ ^,2219 ^,2220 about 1080.²²²¹ Margaret was born in 1045 in Montdidier, Somme, Picardy, France and died in 1110 in Clermont-En-Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France at age 65.

2059357210597. Margaret De ROUCY,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,2218 ^,2219 ^,2220 daughter of Hildouin IV Comte De Ramerupt & MONTDIDIER and Alice (Alix\Adela) Countess De ROUCY, was born in 1045 in Montdidier, Somme, Picardy, France and died in 1110 in Clermont-En-Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France at age 65.

General Notes: Margaret, daughter of Hilduin, COUNT OF Rouci and MONTDIDIER. [Complete Peerage]

Margaret married Hugh De Creil Comte De CLERMONT ²²¹⁸ ^,2219 ^,2220 about 1080.²²²¹ Hugh was born in 1030 in Clermont-En-Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France and died in 1101 ^²²²¹ at age 71. Another name for Hugh was Hugh De CREIL Comte De Clermont.

2059357210598. Renaud I Comte De BAR-LE-DUC & Mousson,⁶⁷⁰ ^,2808 ^,3304 son of Thierry II Comte De Montbeliard & BAR-LE-DUC and Ermentrude Of BURGUNDY, was born about 1090 in Bar-Le-Duc, Meuse, Argonne/Lorraine, France ^³³⁰⁴ and died from 10 March 1149 to 1150 in Mousson, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France ^{²⁸⁰⁸^,3304} about age 59. Another name for Renaud was Renaud I Comte De Bar-Le-Duc & MOUSSON.

Renaud married Gisele De VAUDEMONT ²⁸⁰⁸ ^,3305 in 1120.³³⁰⁴ Gisele was born about 1100 in Vaudemont, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France and died in 1141 ^³³⁰⁵ about age 41.

Children from this marriage were:

1029678605299 i. Clemence De BAR-LE-DUC (born about 1120 in Bar-Le-Duc, Meuse, Argonne/Lorraine, France - died after 20 January 1182-1183 in Clermont-En-Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France)

ii. Renaud II Comte De BAR-LE-DUC & Mousson was born about 1122 in Bar-Le-Duc, Meuse, Argonne/Lorraine, France and died on 25 July 1170 in Mousson, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France ^³³⁰⁶ about age 48. Other names for Renaud were Renaud II De Bar-Le-Duc Count De BRIE, and Renaud II Comte De Bar-Le-Duc & MOUSSON.

iii. Mathilde De BAR-LE-DUC was born about 1125 in Mousson, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France.

iv. Agnes De BAR-LE-DUC was born in 1140 in Bar-Le-Duc, Meuse, Argonne/Lorraine, France ^³³⁰⁷ and died in 1185 ^³³⁰⁷ at age 45. Another name for Agnes was Agnes De BAR.

2059357210599. Gisele De VAUDEMONT,⁶⁷⁰ ^,2808 ^,3305 daughter of Gerard I Comte De VAUDEMONT and Helwide "Edith" Von EGISHEIM, was born about 1100 in Vaudemont, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France and died in 1141 ^³³⁰⁵ about age 41.

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, Bef 26 December 1127.

Gisele married Renaud I Comte De BAR-LE-DUC & Mousson ²⁸⁰⁸ ^,3304 in 1120.³³⁰⁴ Renaud was born about 1090 in Bar-Le-Duc, Meuse, Argonne/Lorraine, France ^³³⁰⁴ and died from 10 March 1149 to 1150 in Mousson, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France ^{²⁸⁰⁸^,3304} about age 59. Another name for Renaud was Renaud I Comte De Bar-Le-Duc & MOUSSON.

2059357210600. Guy II Count Of PONTHIEU,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,1120 ^,1357 son of William III TALVAS Count Of Alencon & Ponthieu and Alice (Alix Or Ela) Borel Of BURGUNDY Duchess Of Alençon, was born in 1118 in Ponthieu, Somme, Picardy, France ^{³⁸⁹^,390} and died in 1147 in Ephesus, Ionian, Turkey, Asia Minor ^{³⁸⁹^,390^,1120^,1357} at age 29.

Guy married Ida De ST. POL ¹¹²⁰ ^,1357 before 1135. Ida was born about 1122 in St. Pol, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France and died in 1182 about age 60.

The child from this marriage was:

1029678605300 i. John (Jean) I Count Of PONTHIEU (born about 1140 in Montreuil, Artois/Pas-DE-Calais, France - died in 1191 in Acre, Palestine)

2059357210601. Ida De ST. POL,⁶⁷⁰ ^,1120 ^,1357 daughter of Hugh III Comte De ST. POL and Beatrice, was born about 1122 in St. Pol, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France and died in 1182 about age 60.

Ida married Guy II Count Of PONTHIEU ¹¹²⁰ ^,1357 before 1135. Guy was born in 1118 in Ponthieu, Somme, Picardy, France ^{³⁸⁹^,390} and died in 1147 in Ephesus, Ionian, Turkey, Asia Minor ^{³⁸⁹^,390^,1120^,1357} at age 29.

2059357210602. Anselme Candavaine Comte De ST. POL,⁶⁷⁰ ^,1120 ^,1302 ^,3308 son of Hugh III Comte De ST. POL and Beatrice, was born about 1120 in St. Pol, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France and died in 1174 ^¹³⁰² about age 54. Another name for Anselme was Anselme CANDAVAINE Count Of St Pol.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 1164. ¹⁹⁵⁷

Anselme married Eustachie De CHAMPAGNE ¹¹²⁰ ^,1302 ^,3192 ^,3308 before 1153 in 2ND Husband ¹³⁰².^,3309 Eustachie was born about 1136 in Champagne, France.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Hugh IV Comte De ST. POL was born about 1153 in St. Pol, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France and died in FEB 1204/05 in Constantinople, Turkey ^⁶⁶⁸ about age 52.

1029678605301 ii. Beatrice De ST. POL (born about 1155 in St. Pol, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France - died after 1192)

2059357210603. Eustachie De CHAMPAGNE,⁶⁷⁰ ^,1120 ^,1302 ^,3192 ^,3308 daughter of Eustace IV Count Of BOULOGNE and Unknown MISTRESS, was born about 1136 in Champagne, France.

General Notes: Eustachie de Champagne, m. (1) Geoffrey de Mandeville, dsp. Earl of Essex, divorced; m. (2) Anselme Candavaine, Count of Saint-Pol, d. 1164. She had three sons: Hugh, count of St. Pol, Engerrand, Guy. [Ancestral Roots]

---------------------

Ancestral Roots claims that Eustachie is an illegitimate daughter of Eustace de Boulogne. But the following post to SGM, 28 Aug 1998, by Todd A. Farmerie discounts that in favor of another line for Eustachie. I am sticking with AR until some decisive evidence arises.

From: Todd A. Farmerie ([email protected])
Subject: Re: John I of Ponthieu
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-06-09 12:59:30 PST

Todd A. Farmerie wrote:

> Beatrice of St. Pol, daughter of Anselme, Count of St. Pol, by Eustachie.

As has been pointed out, Eustachie was suggested by Charles Evans to be illegitimate daughter of Eustace, son of King Stephen. This conclusion was based on onomastics and kinship. Eustachie is specifically stated to have been a kinswoman of King Henry II, and is found in several modern sources as Eustachie of Champagne. Eustachie being the female form of Eustace, Evans argued that the only time that Eustace/Eustachie was associated with Champagne was following the marriage of King Stephen to Matilda of Boulogne, daughter of Eustace III of Boulogne. He then chose Eustace, Stephen's son (and Henry II's second cousin) to be father of Eustachie. (It is unclear why Eustace was preferable to Evans over his brother William.) That, anyway, is Evans' suggestion.

The problem with this is that I have traced back her being called Eustachie "of Champagne", and cannot find anything contemporary that calls her this. Where does it come from, then? (One possibility is that this somehow derived from a misunderstanding regarding the nickname of her husband, Anselme 'Campdaveine'.) If "de Champagne" is non-contemporary, then the primary reason for attaching her to the Champagne/Boulogne family disappears.

It is in this context that we can view the suggestion of Kathleen Thompson, (apparently again based on onomastics and kinship), that Eustachie was daughter of William Gouet (III) by his wife Mabel. This would make her, on her father's side, granddaughter of Eustachie, wife of William Gouet (II), explaining her given name, and on her mother's side, granddaughter, through an illegitimate daughter Mabel, of King Henry I, making her (half-)first cousin of King Henry II. Thus this solution accounts for both the kinship and onomastics.

The take-home message here is that Evans based his conclusion on scant evidence, at least some of which appears to have been flawed. There is an alternative that explains the existing material at least as well, and doesn't require the invention of an illegitimate child of Eustace IV of Boulogne, otherwise thought to have d.s.p.

taf

Eustachie married Geoffrey De MANDEVILLE 2nd Earl Of Essex,¹³⁰² ^,3309 son of Unknown and Unknown, in 1st Husband (Divorced) ¹³⁰².^,3309 Geoffrey was born in 1134 in Great Waltham, Essex, England and died on 21 October 1166 in Chester, Cheshire, England (Dsp) at age 32.

Eustachie next married Anselme Candavaine Comte De ST. POL ¹¹²⁰ ^,1302 ^,3308 before 1153 in 2ND Husband ¹³⁰².^,3309 Anselme was born about 1120 in St. Pol, Nord, Nord-Pas-DE-Calais, France and died in 1174 ^¹³⁰² about age 54. Another name for Anselme was Anselme CANDAVAINE Count Of St Pol.

2059357210604. Louis VI "The Fat" King Of FRANCE,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,1524 ^,1993 ^,2138 son of Philip I "The Fair" King Of FRANCE and Bertha Of HOLLAND, was born in 1081 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France ^{¹⁹⁹³^,2138} and died on 1 August 1137 in Chateau Bethizy, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France ^{¹⁵²⁴^,1993^,2138} at age 56.

General Notes:
Almost all of his 29 year reign was spent fighting either the "robber barons" who plagued Paris, or the English. Nonetheless, King Louis managed to reinforce his power considerably and endeared himself to the working classes of France.

Louis VI died on August 1, 1137 and is interred in Saint Denis Basilica.

He was succeeded on the throne by his son Louis VII. ²¹³⁹

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Birth: Alt. Birth, 1077. ¹⁵²⁴

• Ruled: 1108-1137.

Louis married Lucienne De MONTLHERY,²¹⁴⁰ ^,2141 daughter of Guy II De MONTLHERY Comte De Rochefort and Unknown, in 1104 in 1st Husband 1St Wife - Divorced 1107.²¹⁴⁰ Lucienne was born in 1088 in Rochefort-En-Yevlines, Yvelines, Ile-DE-France, France ^²¹⁴⁰ and died after 1137. Another name for Lucienne was Lucienne De ROCHEFORT.

Louis next married Adelaide Of SAVOY ¹⁵²⁴ ^,1914 ^,1993 in April 1115 in 1st Husband 2ND Wife ¹⁵²⁴.^,1993 Adelaide was born about 1092 in Maurienne, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France ^¹⁹⁹³ and died on 18 November 1154 ^{¹⁵²⁴^,1993} about age 62. Another name for Adelaide was Adelaide Of MAURIENNE.

2059357210605. Adelaide Of SAVOY,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,1524 ^,1914 ^,1993 daughter of Humbert II Comte De Maurienne & SAVOY and Gisela Of BURGUNDY, was born about 1092 in Maurienne, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France ^¹⁹⁹³ and died on 18 November 1154 ^{¹⁵²⁴^,1993} about age 62. Another name for Adelaide was Adelaide Of MAURIENNE.

Adelaide married Louis VI "The Fat" King Of FRANCE ¹⁵²⁴ ^,1993 ^,2138 in April 1115 in 1st Husband 2ND Wife ¹⁵²⁴.^,1993 Louis was born in 1081 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France ^{¹⁹⁹³^,2138} and died on 1 August 1137 in Chateau Bethizy, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France ^{¹⁵²⁴^,1993^,2138} at age 56.

Adelaide next married Mathieu (Matthew) I De MONTMORENCY,¹⁹¹⁴ ^,1920 son of Bouchard IV De MONTMORENCY and Agnes De BEAUMONT, after 1141 in 2ND Husband 2ND Wife.¹⁹²⁰ Mathieu was born about 1090 in Montmorency, Val D'oise, Ile-DE-France, France and died on 28 October 1160 ^¹⁹¹⁴ about age 70.

2059357210606. Alfonso VII "The Emperor" King Of Leon & CASTILE,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,2165 ^,2166 ^,2167 son of Raymond Of BURGUNDY Count Of Castile and Urraca Princess Of Leon & CASTILE, was born from 1 March 1104 to 1105 in Toledo, Castile, Spain ^²¹⁶⁵ and died on 21 August 1157 in La Fresneda, Teruel, Castile, Spain ^²¹⁶⁵ at age 53. Another name for Alfonso was Alfonso VII "Emperor" King Of LEON & Castile.

General Notes:
ALPHONSO VII, "The Emperor" (1126-1157), is a dignified and somewhat enigmatical figure. A vague tradition had always assigned the title of emperor to the soverign who held Leon as the most direct representative of the Visigothic kings, who were themselves the representatives of the Roman empire. But though given in charters, and claimed by Alphonso VI and the Battler (Alphonso I, King of Aragon), the title had been little more than a flourish of rhetoric. Alphonso VII was crowned emperor in 1135, after the death of the Battler. The weakness of Aragon enabled him to make his superiority effective. He appears to have striven for the formation of a national unity, which Spain had never possessed since the fall of the Visigoth kingdom. The elements he had to deal with could not be welded together. Alphonso was at once a patron of the Church and a protector if not a favourer of the Mohammedans, who formed a part of his subjects. His reign ended in an unsuccessful campaign against the rising power of the Almohades. Though he was not actually defeated, his death in the Pass of Muradel in the Sierra Morena, while on his way back to Toledo, occurred in circumstances which showed that no man could be what he claimed to be---"king of the men of the two religions." His personal character does not stand out with the emphasis of those of Alphonso VI or the Battler. Yet he was a great king, the type and, to some extent, the victim of the confusions of his age---Christian in creed and ambition, but more than half oriental in his household. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 1, pg. 687, ALPHONSO VII]

Alfonso married Berenguela Of BARCELONA ²¹⁶⁶ ^,2167 before July 1124 in La Fresneda, Terue, Spain (2ND Husband).²¹⁶⁶ Berenguela was born in 1110 in Barcelona, Aragon, Spain and died from 2 February 1148 to 1149 in Palencia, Leon, Spain ^²¹⁶⁶ at age 38.

Alfonso next married Richilde Of POLAND,²¹⁶⁶ daughter of Vladislas II King Of POLAND and Agnes Margravine Of AUSTRIA, in July 1152 in Wroclaw, Poland.²¹⁶⁶ Richilde was born in 1131 in Wroclaw, Poland and died on 16 June 1175 ^²¹⁷² at age 44. Other names for Richilde were Ryksa Of CASTILE, and Ryksa Of CASTILLE.

2059357210607. Berenguela Of BARCELONA,⁴¹⁵ ^,670 ^,2166 ^,2167 daughter of Ramon Berenguer III Count Of BARCELONA and Dulce Aldonza Of MILHAUD, was born in 1110 in Barcelona, Aragon, Spain and died from 2 February 1148 to 1149 in Palencia, Leon, Spain ^²¹⁶⁶ at age 38.

Berenguela married Alfonso VII "The Emperor" King Of Leon & CASTILE ²¹⁶⁵ ^,2166 ^,2167 before July 1124 in La Fresneda, Terue, Spain (2ND Husband).²¹⁶⁶ Alfonso was born from 1 March 1104 to 1105 in Toledo, Castile, Spain ^²¹⁶⁵ and died on 21 August 1157 in La Fresneda, Teruel, Castile, Spain ^²¹⁶⁵ at age 53. Another name for Alfonso was Alfonso VII "Emperor" King Of LEON & Castile.

2059357211664. Frodo (Frotho) King Of DENMARK King Of Sjaelland,⁴¹⁵ son of Hardecanute (Knud) Sigurdsson King Of DENMARK and Elgiva, was born about 835 in Sjaelland Island, Denmark and died in 885 of Haalogaland about age 50. Other names for Frodo were Frotho VI Fra Danmark, and Frodo KNUDSEN King Of Denmark.

General Notes:
b. 820, d. 885; son of Canute Sigurdsson; father of Gorm Enske who m. Sida. [Terry Walters <[email protected], 2 Nov 2001]

Frodo married Asloga. Asloga was born about 820 of Denmark.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Gorm ENSKE King Of Sjaelland was born about 835 in Sjaelland, Denmark and died in 885 in Denmark about age 50. Another name for Gorm was Frotho.

1029678605832 ii. Harald "Parcus" King Of Sjaelland DENMARK (born about 858 in Sjaelland Island, Denmark - died in 899)

2059357211665. Asloga was born about 820 of Denmark.

General Notes:
m. Frotho VI of Denmark; mother of Gorm who m. Sida. [Gary Lewis <[email protected], 21 Dec 2001]

Asloga married Frodo (Frotho) King Of DENMARK King Of Sjaelland. Frodo was born about 835 in Sjaelland Island, Denmark and died in 885 of Haalogaland about age 50. Other names for Frodo were Frotho VI Fra Danmark, and Frodo KNUDSEN King Of Denmark.

2059357211666. Aethelred I King Of Kent & WESSEX,⁴¹⁵ ^,825 ^,1062 ^,1065 ^,1513 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2721 ^,3223 ^,3310 ^,3311 ^,3312 ^,3313 son of Aethelwulf King Of Kent & WESSEX and Osburgh Of WIGHT Queen Of Wessex, was born about 830 in Wessex, England, died on 23 April 871 in Merton, Torrington, Devonshire, England ^{³³¹¹^,3314} about age 41, and was buried in Wimborne, Dorsetshire, England.^{³³¹⁰^,3315} Another name for Aethelred was Æthelred I Of Wessex.

General Notes:
King of the West Saxons (866-71). [Funk & Wagnalls]

865 - succeeds his brother Ethelbert I as king of England [Timetables of History]

King of the West Saxons and Kentishmen. [The Story of England]

At the time of his reign the Northmen were settled on the coast of Ireland and the coast of Gaul; they were masters of the sea; and from west and east alike they closed upon Britain. While one host from Ireland fell on the Scot kingdom north of the Firth of Forth, another from Scandinavia landed in 866 on the coast of East Anglia under Hubba and marched the next year upon York. Mercia was saved from the Norsemen by King Ethelred when he marched to Nottingham in 868, but it was only a brief respite. The Norsemen soon resumed their attacks. Ethelred was killed fighting the Norsemen who invaded the tongue of land between the Kennet and the Thames. [WBH - England]

After the death of Ethelbald, if he were childless, the succession of Wessex was left to Ethelred, 3rd son, and to Alfred. In little more than 2 years after the decease of his father, King Ethelbald dies. Alfred is now 12 years old. The two younger brothers assert no claim to the separate sovereignty, and Ethelbert of Kent is king also of the other dominions. There is no doubt that Alfred lived with his reigning brother, as documents exist bearing both their signatures. He, as well as Ethelred, had given up the patrimonial inheritance to him who was to maintain the dignity of the family and the safety of the kingdom. Some say he died "worn down with numberless labours" after fighting numerous battles with the invading Danes; some say it was from a fatal wound in the battle of Merton. Died leaving two infant sons, but since Alfred ruled jointly with him, he succeeded Ethelred. [Knight's Popular History of England, Vol. 1, p. 101, 116]

Son of Aethelwulf; reigned 865-71. [Chronicle of the Royal Family, chart]

Son of Aethelwulf and Osburh; king of Wessex 868-72; father of Aethelhelm. [Ancestral Roots, p. 5]

Son of Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, and Osburh. [WFT Vol 1 Ped 986]

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 865/866-871. ²³⁰³

Aethelred married Wulfrida Of WESSEX in 867. Wulfrida was born about 840 in Wessex, England. Another name for Wulfrida was Wulfthryth Of Wessex.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Aethelhelm Of WESSEX Ealdorman Of Wiltshire was born about 859 of Wiltshire, England and died in 923 ¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,3316 about age 64. Another name for Aethelhelm was Ethelhelm Earl Of WESSEX.

1029678605833 ii. Elfgifu Princess Of WESSEX (born about 860 in Wessex, England)

iii. Aethewald Of The ANGLO-SAXONS was born about 868 of Wessex and died in 902 of York about age 34.

2059357211667. Wulfrida Of WESSEX ⁴¹⁵ was born about 840 in Wessex, England. Another name for Wulfrida was Wulfthryth Of Wessex.

General Notes:
m. Æthelred I King of England; mother of Athelhelm, Athelwold, and Eligiva. [Terry Walters <[email protected], 2 Nov 2001]

Wulfrida married Aethelred I King Of Kent & WESSEX ⁸²⁵ ^,1062 ^,1065 ^,1513 ^,1601 ^,1784 ^,2721 ^,3223 ^,3310 ^,3311 ^,3312 ^,3313 in 867. Aethelred was born about 830 in Wessex, England, died on 23 April 871 in Merton, Torrington, Devonshire, England ^{³³¹¹^,3314} about age 41, and was buried in Wimborne, Dorsetshire, England.^{³³¹⁰^,3315} Another name for Aethelred was Æthelred I Of Wessex.

2059357211736. Pépin II Count Of SENLIS [& Bretagne],⁴¹⁵ ^,1011 ^,1601 ^,1746 son of Pepin I, Count Of SENLIS, ST. QUENTIN, AND PERONNE and Perrone Of VERMANDOIS, was born about 846 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France and died from after 28 January 892 to 893 in Senlis, Oise, Picardy, France ^¹⁰¹¹. Another name for Pépin was Pepin I De VERMANDOIS Comte De Senlis.

Pépin married.

2059357214848. Eystein "The Chatterer" Ivarsson NORWAY Jarl Of The Upplands,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3259 ^,3260 son of Ivar Halfdansson Oplaendinge, Jarl Of The UPLANDERS and Eysteinsdatter Of TRONDHEIM, was born about 810 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway and died in 862 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway about age 52. Other names for Eystein were Eisten Glumru, Eystein Glumra=Eloquent Or Noisy Earl, Vors, Rystein, Earl Of MORE, and OPPLAND.

General Notes:
The following post by Curt Hofemann, [email protected], indicates the difficulty in "proving" anything about these early Scandinavian peope. Their ancestry is taken mostly from 12th century writers and old Sagas passed down through the centuries. The sagas, which probably contain some "truths", also contain a lot of fabulous stories about the lives of the early rulers. As the people of the period did not have writing, it is difficult to "prove" anything.

On the other hand, after just a few years of medieval genealogy, I can probably name all of the kings of England, from memory, starting with Edward the Confessor, which is almost a thousand year period; and that is without any concerted effort to memorize them; I could probably go back further if I tried. There is no reason to assume that the people of the 12th century were any less inaccurate in their oral tradition of keeping track of such things as the ancestry of the Scandinavian ruling families.

Thus I don't believe in throwing such people on the trash heap because, by circumstance, they had nothing written about them by themselves or by their contemporaries. I think that such people should be included, but with an understanding that their information is, by necessity, obtained in a different and less precise manner than other people in one's family pedigree.

By that token, you can divide them into "historical" figures proven by something written during their lifetime or soon after, and "legendary" figures, who I think probably did exist, but are only proven by sagas and oral traditions written down in the 12th century.

---------------------

Earl of More [Ref: Wurts p421]
Jarl of Hademerken [Ref: Moriarty Plantagenet p170]
Eynstein the Eloquent, or Noisy [Ref: Watney #740]

Research note: Eysteinn Glumra (of dubious historicity). Genealogies in late Icelandic sources make Rognvaldr a son of Eysteinn Glumra, son of Ívarr, son of Hálfdan the Old [OI 1: 187 (from Landnáamabók iv.14.1); OS 3]. These sources are not independent, but depend on each other in a way that is not entirely clear. Given the general unreliability of the Scandinavian saga sources for such an early period, there is no good reason to believe that Eysteinn or the earlier generations are historical. [Ref: Henry Project citing:

OI = Gudbrand Vigfusson and F. York Powell, ed. & trans., Origines Islandicae, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1905).
OS = OrkS = Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards, ed. & trans., Orkneyinga Saga (London, 1978). Citation is by chapter, with the page number in parentheses]

Regards,
Curt

Eystein married Countess Of Uppland Ascrida (Aseda) Rognvaldsdatter NORWAY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 in 846 in Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway. Ascrida was born about 825 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway. Other names for Ascrida were Adends, Ascrida Rognvaldsson Of JUTLAND, Aseda Of JUTLAND, and Ascrida RAGNVALDSDOTTIR.

Eystein next married Princess Of Maer Jocunda HUNTHIOFSDATTER ¹⁶⁰¹ about 862 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway. Jocunda was born in <Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway> and died in Y.

2059357214849. Countess Of Uppland Ascrida (Aseda) Rognvaldsdatter NORWAY,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of Rognvald Olafsson Of AGDER and Tora SIGRUDSDOTTIR, was born about 825 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway. Other names for Ascrida were Adends, Ascrida Rognvaldsson Of JUTLAND, Aseda Of JUTLAND, and Ascrida RAGNVALDSDOTTIR.

Ascrida married Eystein "The Chatterer" Ivarsson NORWAY Jarl Of The Upplands ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3259 ^,3260 in 846 in Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway. Eystein was born about 810 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway and died in 862 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway about age 52. Other names for Eystein were Eisten Glumru, Eystein Glumra=Eloquent Or Noisy Earl, Vors, Rystein, Earl Of MORE, and OPPLAND.

2059363435664. Helgaud II Comte De PONTHIEU ⁴¹⁵ ^,1120 was born about 856 in Ponthieu, Somme, Picardy, France and died in 936 ^¹¹²⁰ about age 80.

Helgaud married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681717832 i. Herlouin II Comte De PONTHIEU (born about 875 in Ponthieu, Somme, Picardy, France - died on 13 August 943)

2059363436048. Ranulph I Count Of Poitou Duke Of AQUITAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3317 son of Gerard (Gerhard) Count Of AUVERGNE and Rotrude (Hildegarde) Princess Of HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born about 825 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou, France and died on 5 July 866 ^{³³¹⁷^,3318} about age 41. Other names for Ranulph were Ramnulf I De POITIERS, and Ranulph I Count Of POITOU I Duke Of Aquitaine.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Abt 852-866. ³³¹⁸

Ranulph married Countess Blichilde Du MAINE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3317 about 845 ¹⁴³⁶.^,3317 Blichilde was born about 827 in Maine, France.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681718024 i. Ranulph II Count Of POITOU (born about 855 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou, France - died on 5 August 890)

ii. Gauzbert.

iii. Ebalus, Abbot Of POITIERS.

2059363436049. Countess Blichilde Du MAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3317 daughter of Roricon II (Rorick) Comte Du MAINE and Blichilde Countess Of MAINE, was born about 827 in Maine, France.

Blichilde married Ranulph I Count Of Poitou Duke Of AQUITAINE ³³¹⁷ about 845 ¹⁴³⁶.^,3317 Ranulph was born about 825 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou, France and died on 5 July 866 ^{³³¹⁷^,3318} about age 41. Other names for Ranulph were Ramnulf I De POITIERS, and Ranulph I Count Of POITOU I Duke Of Aquitaine.

Blichilde next married Bernard I Count Of POITIERS,¹⁶⁰¹ son of Count Of Poitiers RENAUD and Unknown, about 834 in <Of, Poitiers, Aquitaine>. Bernard was born about 815 in Of, Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine and died in 844 about age 29.

Children from this marriage were:

i. RANULPH Count Of Poitiers was born about 835 in Of, Poitiers, Aquitaine and died in 875 about age 40.

ii. Emenon De POITIERS was born about 839 of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine and died in Y.

iii. Gauzbert De POITIERS was born about 841 of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine and died in Y.

iv. Wulgrim De ANGOULEME was born about 843 in Of, Maine, , France and died on 3 May 886 in Of, Angoulême, Aquitaine about age 43.

2059363436050. Louis II "The Stammerer" King Of FRANKS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1109 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3081 son of Charles II "The Bald" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Queen Of The West Franks Ermentrude D' ORLEANS, was born on 1 November 846 in France ^{³⁰⁸¹^,3082} and died on 10 April 879 in Compiegne, Oise, Ile-DE-France, France ^{³⁰⁸¹^,3082^,3083} at age 32. Another name for Louis was Louis II Le Bègue Carolingien, Roi D' AQUITAINE.

General Notes:
There is a lot of confusion as to the order of Louis' wives; whether they were legitimate marriages; and which was the mother of his various children. For example Ancestral Roots, in line 143-16 states that Adelaide of Paris is the 3rd wife, while in line 148-16, AR states that Adelaide was the 2nd wife. I am following line 143 (3rd wife), which makes her the last wife, and obviously mother of Charles III, since he was born posthumously.

(Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)
(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-38.)
(Paul, Nouveau Larousse Universel.)
(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 258.)
(Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Page 387).

Louis II, King de France (the Stammerer) AKA: Louis II, King d'Aquitaine. Also Known As: Louis "Le Begue".

Born: in Nov 846 in Compiegne, Oise, Ile-de-France, France, son of Charles II, King de France and Ermentrude d'Orleans . Married in 862: Ansgarde de Bourgogne , daughter of Hardouin, Count de Bourgogne; She was given in marriage to Louis by her brother, Odon, often confused with Odon, Count of Troyes, an older man and one of Louis' detractors (Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 185). Note - between 867 and 879: Louis II was the King of Aquitaine from 867 to 879 and became King of France in 877, crowned at Compiegne by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims on 8 October. If the children and grandchildren of Charlemagne had an easy time ascending to the throne by virtue of their parentage, the same is not true for Louis. Louis had to be elected by the Greats - the nobles whose power had been growing steadily - and they conceded only after having received countships and additional powers. Moreover, Louis had to accept the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Hughes, Marquis of Neustria who also received the countship of Tours. He died 16 months later while making preparations to reprimand Bernard, Duke of Septimanie. Upon his death, nobles, looking to enhance their own power saw the kingdom partitioned between Louis III and Carloman, who were both crowned and anointed at Ferrieres in September 879 by Ansegis, Archbishop of Sens. Louis III's portion comprised Francia and Neustria, and Carloman ruled Burgundy, Aquitaine and Gothia.

Married between 868 and 869: Adelaide=Adelheid de Paris, daughter of Adalhard, Count de Paris. [Note: I have differenty ancestry for Adelaide, see notes under Adelaide]

Died: on 11 Apr 879 in France at age 32 Louis II died sooner than expected after having divided his kingdom between his two sons, Louis III and Carloman. To the older son went Francia and Neustria; and to the younger went Bourgogne, Aquitaine and the Marche of Spain. This creation of two kingdoms is highly disputed because the two sons are not viewed by some as legitimate because Charles le Chauve had not officially recognized Louis marriage to Ansgarde. Louis was not favored, and on 15 October 879, Provence and Bourgogne recognize Richilde's (Charles le Chauve's widow) brother, Bozon. Moreover, Louis, son of Louis le Germanique, also lays claim to the throne of France. Thus, to make matters rather complicated there exists three kings of France at this time.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 877-879.

Louis married Luitgarde Of SAXONY, daughter of Ludolph Duke Of SAXONY and Oda Billung Of THURINGIA, in 1st Wife. Luitgarde was born about 848 in Saxony, Germany.

Louis next married Adelaide Judith De PARIS,¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,3084 ^,3085 ^,3086 ^,3087 daughter of Bego (Beggo\Beggen) II Count Of PARIS and Alpaide Princess Of FRANCE, before 870 in 3rd Wife ²³²¹.^,3084 Adelaide was born about 850 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France and died about 10 November 901 ^{³⁰⁸²^,3088} about age 51. Other names for Adelaide were Adelaide Of AUXERRE, Adélaïde De FRIOUL, and Adalaide Of PARIS.

Louis next married Queen Of France Adelheide FRANKS ¹⁶⁰¹ in 875. Adelheide was born between 855 and 860 in Of, Paris, , France and died about 18 October 900 about age 45.

Louis next married Queen Of The Franks Ansgarde Princess Of BURGUNDY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3091 ^,3092 in 862 in 2ND Wife ¹¹⁰⁹ ^,1436.^,3091 Ansgarde was born about 844 in , , Aix-La-Chappelle, Austrasia and died after 2 November 879. Another name for Ansgarde was Ansgarde Of BURGUNDY.

2059363436051. Queen Of The Franks Ansgarde Princess Of BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3091 ^,3092 daughter of Hardouin Count Of NEUSTRIA and Unknown, was born about 844 in , , Aix-La-Chappelle, Austrasia and died after 2 November 879. Another name for Ansgarde was Ansgarde Of BURGUNDY.

General Notes:
She played a prominent role during the reign of her husband, King Louis II of the Franks (846-77-79), who was succeeded by two of their sons, Louis III (863-79-82) and Carloman. Engelberge (d. 890). ¹⁷⁴¹

Ansgarde married Louis II "The Stammerer" King Of FRANKS ¹¹⁰⁹ ^,1601 ^,3081 in 862 in 2ND Wife ¹¹⁰⁹ ^,1436.^,3091 Louis was born on 1 November 846 in France ^{³⁰⁸¹^,3082} and died on 10 April 879 in Compiegne, Oise, Ile-DE-France, France ^{³⁰⁸¹^,3082^,3083} at age 32. Another name for Louis was Louis II Le Bègue Carolingien, Roi D' AQUITAINE.

2059363436054. Aethelhelm Of WESSEX Ealdorman Of Wiltshire,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2721 ^,2990 ^,3316 son of Aethelred I King Of Kent & WESSEX and Wulfrida Of WESSEX, was born about 859 of Wiltshire, England and died in 923 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3316} about age 64. Another name for Aethelhelm was Ethelhelm Earl Of WESSEX.

General Notes:
Ealdorman of Wiltshire; devised Compton & Crondall by King Alfred the Great; son of Aethelred I, king of Wessex; father of Aethelfrith. [Ancestral Roots, p. 5]

b.c. 859, d. 923; son of Wulfthryth of Wessex and Æthelred I of Wessex; m. dau of Æthelwulf of Mercia. [Thomas Mebane LeGrande <[email protected], 21 Feb 2002]

d.c. 898; son of Wulfthryth and Aethelred I, King of England. [Dirk Peters <[email protected], 15 Jul 2002]

Aethelhelm married Aethelglyth Of MERCIA.¹⁷⁸⁴ Aethelglyth was born about 850 in Mercia, England.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Aethelfrith EALDORMAN was born about 870 in Sussex, England and died about 927 ^³³¹⁹ about age 57.

1029681718027 ii. Aelflaed (Aelfflaed) Of WILTSHIRE (born in 852 in Wiltshire, England - died on 5 December 905)

2059363436055. Aethelglyth Of MERCIA ⁴¹⁵ ^,1784 was born about 850 in Mercia, England.

Aethelglyth married Aethelhelm Of WESSEX Ealdorman Of Wiltshire ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2721 ^,2990.^,3316 Aethelhelm was born about 859 of Wiltshire, England and died in 923 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3316} about age 64. Another name for Aethelhelm was Ethelhelm Earl Of WESSEX.

2059363436068. Count Of Auvergne Bernard II Plantevelue Comte D' AUVERGNE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 son of Bernard I Count Of AUTUN Margrave Septimania and Dhuoda Of GASCONY Countess Of Agen & Septimania, was born from 22 March 840 to 41 in Uzes, Languedoc, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died in 886 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^²⁰⁶⁹ at age 46. Another name for Bernard was Bernard Comte D' AUTUN.

General Notes: Bernard was Count of Aquitaine and the Auvergne, Marquis of Gothie, Count of Autun, Count of Rodez.

Turton has Bernard's parents as Bernard d' Auvergne & Luitgard, who are actually parents of his wife Ermengarde.

----------------------

The following is a post-em by Curt Hofemann, [email protected]:

ID: I01374 Bernard II Plantevelue Comte d' Auvergne
Bernard was Count of Aquitaine and the Auvergne, Marquis of Gothie, Count of Autun, Count of Rodez.

As far as Count of Aquitaine, Ronald F. Malan in _The Genealogist_ vol. xi in an article titled: "The Ancestry of Dhouda, Duchess of Septamani" did state this. To my knowledge, Aquitaine in this period was a duchy not a county, the duke being Charles III son of Charles II king of Franks, HRE (grandson of Charlemagne). Note: I do not know if there was a "County of Aquitaine" within the duchy, but in this period of the beginnings of titles & meanings of same, I’d think it doubtful.

As to where the sources of the titles you give:

Bernard Plantevelue Count of Auvergne [Ref: Bouchard, ES III:731, Dillange, Keats-Rohan Family Trees p247, Nat Taylor 23 May 1997, Nat Taylor-Sant Wm p205-223]
Count of Autun, Count of Auvergne and Rovergue, 872: Marquis of Toulouse [Ref: Moriarty p215]
Barnard Hairyfoot, Count of Auvergne; styled Duke by 898 [Ref: McBride2] Note: considering that he died in 885/6…
Marquis of Gothie; Count of Autun, Count of Rodez [Ref: CP II:731, Keats-Rohan Family Trees p211-267]

Dillange = Michael Dillange, Les comtes de Poitou, ducs d'Aquitaine (778-1204), Geste Editions, Geste Editions, 1996.

Regards,
Curt

Bernard married Countess Ermengarde D' AUVERGNE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine>. Ermengarde was born in 845 in Chalons-Sur-Marne, Marne, Champagne, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died after June 881 ^²⁵⁶³. Another name for Ermengarde was Ermengarde De CHALONS.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681718034 i. William "Le Pieux" Duke Of AQUITAINE (born about 863 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France - died in June 918 in Aquitaine, France)

1029681718047 ii. Ava (Aba) D' AUVERGNE Abbess Of Sauxillanges (born in 865 in Auvergne, France - died after 893)

iii. Adelaide D' AUVERGNE was born in 867 in Auvergne, France and died in 906 at age 39.

1029681718074 iv. Raculfe De MACON (born about 870 in Macon, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France - died in 920)

Bernard next married Ledegarde ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine>. Ledegarde was born in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine> and died in Y.

2059363436069. Countess Ermengarde D' AUVERGNE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of Bernard I Comte D' AUVERGNE and Liutgarde (Lieugardis), was born in 845 in Chalons-Sur-Marne, Marne, Champagne, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died after June 881 ^²⁵⁶³. Another name for Ermengarde was Ermengarde De CHALONS.

General Notes: Turton states that Ermengarde's parents are Guerin I Comte de Chalons by his wife Avane.

Ermengarde married Count Of Auvergne Bernard II Plantevelue Comte D' AUVERGNE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine>. Bernard was born from 22 March 840 to 41 in Uzes, Languedoc, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died in 886 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^²⁰⁶⁹ at age 46. Another name for Bernard was Bernard Comte D' AUTUN.

2059363436070. Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2638 ^,3301 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 845 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France and died from 11 January 886 to 887 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France ^²⁶³⁸ about age 41. Other names for Boso were Boso, King Of BURGUNDY, and²³²³ Boso II King Of PROVENCE.

Boso married Unknown First WIFE. Unknown was born about 847 in France.

2059363436071. Ermengarde De LORRAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3204 ^,3302 daughter of King Of The Lombards Louis II Emperor Of The West HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Engeberge Of ALSACE, was born about 855 in Lorraine, France ^³³⁰¹ and died before 2 April 897 ^³³⁰¹. Other names for Ermengarde were Irmengard CAROLING, Ermengarde Of FRANCE, and Ermengard Av ITALIA.

General Notes: Before 866 - mistress of Byzantine Emperor. [Ancestral Roots]

2059363436072. Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2638 ^,3301 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 845 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France and died from 11 January 886 to 887 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France ^²⁶³⁸ about age 41. Other names for Boso were Boso, King Of BURGUNDY, and²³²³ Boso II King Of PROVENCE.

Boso married Unknown First WIFE. Unknown was born about 847 in France.

2059363436073. Ermengarde De LORRAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3204 ^,3302 daughter of King Of The Lombards Louis II Emperor Of The West HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Engeberge Of ALSACE, was born about 855 in Lorraine, France ^³³⁰¹ and died before 2 April 897 ^³³⁰¹. Other names for Ermengarde were Irmengard CAROLING, Ermengarde Of FRANCE, and Ermengard Av ITALIA.

General Notes: Before 866 - mistress of Byzantine Emperor. [Ancestral Roots]

2059363436074. Leon VI "The Wise" Mamikonid, Emperor Of BYZANTIUM,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,3320 son of Basileos I The Macedonian, Emperor Of BYZANTIUM and Ingerina Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was born on 1 September 866 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3320^,3321} and died on 12 May 912 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3320^,3321} at age 45. Another name for Leon was Leo VI The Philosopher.

General Notes:
The question of whether Leo's father was Basil I or Michael III is, according to Todd Farmerie, unresolvable, despite what any author's give as proof, and despite who the people at the time might have thought was the father. They wouldn't have known for sure then, and we couldn't now. So, take your pick? See Todd's post to SGM, 29 May 1998, below:

From: Todd A. Farmerie ([email protected])
Subject: Re: Father of Leo VI Philosophus
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 1998/05/29

[email protected] wrote:
This is from Sir Ian Moncreiffe, Royal Highness, p. 59. He says that Leo VI was almost certainly NOT the child of Basil I and was much more likely the child of Michael III, the Drunkard. Odd as it may seem, I've seen that same kind of description in three other places. I've never seen a complete argument as to why that would be so, but the modern authors are all dumping Basil I in favor of Michael III. I think we have to send it back to Michael III as father of Leo VI. JAMS, Vol. VI, #77, table 12 agrees with Moncreiffe.

Marlyn Lewis

Does anyone know how to resolve this dilemma?
The question can be summed up real simply. A year or so before Leo came to be, Michael married his mistress (Leo's mother) to Basil. Short of a time machine and a DNA test we will not be able to resolve the question. Whatever he might have suspected (and it has been argued that he mistreated Leo because he suspected that Leo really wasn't his son) I doubt Basil knew, (same for Michael) and perhaps even the mother didn't. Moncreiffe is overstating the case.

taf

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 886-912

Leon married Theophano MARTINAKISSA before 897.³³²¹ Theophano was born about 866.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Eudocia Of CONSTANTINOPLE was born about 897 in Constantinople, -, Turkey.^³³²¹

Leon next married Eudoxia BAIANA about 901. Eudoxia was born about 873. Another name for Eudoxia was Eudokia.

Leon next married Zöe KARBONOPSINA ³³²⁰ on 9 January 905-906 in Palace Chapel, Constantinople, Byzantium ³³²⁰.^,3321 Zöe was born about 879 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire and died in 919 ^³³²¹ about age 40. Other names for Zöe were Carbonopsina, Zoo CARBONOPSINE, Zöe TZAUTZINA, and Zoe ZAUTSINA.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Constantine VII Emperor Of BYZANTINE EMPIRE was born in September 905 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire ¹⁴³⁶ ^,3321 ^,3322 and died on 9 November 959 ^{¹⁴³⁶^,3322} at age 54.

1029681718037 ii. Anna Princess of BYZANTIUM (born about 887 in Constantinople, Turkey - died in 912)

2059363436075. Zöe KARBONOPSINA,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,3320 daughter of Stylianos ZAOUTZES and Unknown, was born about 879 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire and died in 919 ^³³²¹ about age 40. Other names for Zöe were Carbonopsina, Zoo CARBONOPSINE, Zöe TZAUTZINA, and Zoe ZAUTSINA.

General Notes:
She was the fourth wife of Leon IV, who died 912. After his death the guardian of her son, but Constantinos VII (b. 905) sent her to a convent. She later managed to become regent for son, but was deposed in 919. ¹⁷⁴¹

Zöe married Leon VI "The Wise" Mamikonid, Emperor Of BYZANTIUM ³³²⁰ from 9 January 905 to 906 in Palace Chapel, Constantinople, Byzantium ³³²⁰.^,3321 Leon was born on 1 September 866 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3320^,3321} and died on 12 May 912 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3320^,3321} at age 45. Another name for Leon was Leo VI The Philosopher.

2059363436080. Tertuilus (Tertulle) I Comte D' ANJOU,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 son of Torquat (Tortulfe) De RENNES and Unknown, was born in 821 in Rennes, Ille-Et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France and died in Chateau-Landon, Seine-Et-Marne, Ile-DE-France, France.

Tertuilus married Petronilla Countess Of ANJOU ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 about 844 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France. Petronilla was born in 825 in Rhineland, Prussia.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718040 i. Ingelger I Comte D' Orleans & ANJOU Count Of Anjou And Orleans (born about 845 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France - died in 888 in St Martin, Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France)

2059363436081. Petronilla Countess Of ANJOU,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of Bastard Hugo "L'abbe" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Miss De LA FRANKS, was born in 825 in Rhineland, Prussia.

Petronilla married Tertuilus (Tertulle) I Comte D' ANJOU ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 about 844 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France. Tertuilus was born in 821 in Rennes, Ille-Et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France and died in Chateau-Landon, Seine-Et-Marne, Ile-DE-France, France.

2059363436082. Geoffrey Comte De GASTINOIS,⁴¹⁵ ^,2069 son of Hugh Comte De BOURGES and Unknown, was born about 832 in Gatinais, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France. Another name for Geoffrey was Geoffrey Comte De GATINAIS.

Geoffrey married Miss De AMBOISE. Miss was born about 838 in Chatillon-Sur-Indre, Indre, Berry/Centre, France.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718041 i. Countess Of Anjou Adelaide De GASTINOIS (born about 854 in Gatinais, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France)

2059363436083. Miss De AMBOISE,⁴¹⁵ daughter of Mr. Seigneur De AMBOISE and Miss De NANTES, was born about 838 in Chatillon-Sur-Indre, Indre, Berry/Centre, France.

Miss married Geoffrey Comte De GASTINOIS.²⁰⁶⁹ Geoffrey was born about 832 in Gatinais, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France. Another name for Geoffrey was Geoffrey Comte De GATINAIS.

2059363436084. Adalard Seigneur Of LOCHES La Haye, Villentrois,⁴¹⁵ son of Warner Comte De NANTES and Daughter Of Leutaud Of PARIS, was born about 825 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Anjou/Pays-de-la-Loire, France and died after 864 in Loches, Touraine, France.

Adalard married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718042 i. Garnier De Villentrois Seigneur De LOCHES (born about 848 in Loches, Touraine, France - died before 929)

2059363436094. Count Of Auvergne Bernard II Plantevelue Comte D' AUVERGNE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 son of Bernard I Count Of AUTUN Margrave Septimania and Dhuoda Of GASCONY Countess Of Agen & Septimania, was born from 22 March 840 to 41 in Uzes, Languedoc, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died in 886 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^²⁰⁶⁹ at age 46. Another name for Bernard was Bernard Comte D' AUTUN.

Bernard next married Ledegarde ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine>. Ledegarde was born in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine> and died in Y.

2059363436095. Countess Ermengarde D' AUVERGNE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of Bernard I Comte D' AUVERGNE and Liutgarde (Lieugardis), was born in 845 in Chalons-Sur-Marne, Marne, Champagne, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died after June 881 ^²⁵⁶³. Another name for Ermengarde was Ermengarde De CHALONS.

General Notes: Turton states that Ermengarde's parents are Guerin I Comte de Chalons by his wife Avane.

2059363436112. Raoul Comte De DIJON ⁴¹⁵ ^,1784 was born about 850 in Dijon, Cote D'or, Bourgogne, France.

Raoul married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718056 i. Eliran Comte De DIJON (born about 870 in Dijon, Cote D'or, Bourgogne, France)

2059363436120. Theoderic II Meroving, Count Of CHAUNOIS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2898 son of Thierry I "The Treasurer" Count Of AUTUN and Miss Countess Of BURGUNDY, was born in 850 in -, Chaunois, France and died before 892 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3323}. Another name for Theoderic was Thierry II Count Of CHAUMOIS.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, Bef 893. ²⁸⁹⁸

Theoderic married Buvinus Of METZ.¹⁷⁸⁴ Buvinus was born about 840 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Renaud Comte De BAR-SUR-SEINE Vicomte Auxerre was born about 855 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France and died after 923 in Bar-Sur-Seine, Aube, Champagne, France ^²⁴⁹³. Another name for Renaud was Renhard Comte De Bar-Sur-Seine Vicomte AUXERRE.

ii. Adela De AUXERRE was born about 856 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France and died after 902 ^²⁴⁹¹.

1029681718060 iii. Monassas (Manasses) I Count Of CHALONS (born about 866 in Chalons-Sur-Marne, Marne, Champagne, France - died before 920 in Reulle-Vergy, Cote D'or, Bourgogne, France)

2059363436121. Buvinus Of METZ,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 daughter of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 840 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.

Buvinus married Theoderic II Meroving, Count Of CHAUNOIS ¹⁷⁸⁴.^,2898 Theoderic was born in 850 in -, Chaunois, France and died before 892 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3323}. Another name for Theoderic was Thierry II Count Of CHAUMOIS.

2059363436122. Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2638 ^,3301 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 845 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France and died from 11 January 886 to 887 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France ^²⁶³⁸ about age 41. Other names for Boso were Boso, King Of BURGUNDY, and²³²³ Boso II King Of PROVENCE.

Boso married Unknown First WIFE. Unknown was born about 847 in France.

2059363436123. Ermengarde De LORRAINE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3204 ^,3302 daughter of King Of The Lombards Louis II Emperor Of The West HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Engeberge Of ALSACE, was born about 855 in Lorraine, France ^³³⁰¹ and died before 2 April 897 ^³³⁰¹. Other names for Ermengarde were Irmengard CAROLING, Ermengarde Of FRANCE, and Ermengard Av ITALIA.

General Notes: Before 866 - mistress of Byzantine Emperor. [Ancestral Roots]

2059363436144. Lievin Vicomte De NARBONNE,¹⁴⁴⁴ son of Two Generations De NARBONNE and Unknown, was born about 820 in Narbonne, Aude, Languedoc, France and died after 878.

Lievin married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718072 i. Mayeul I Vicomte De NARBONNE (born about 845 in Carcassonne, Aude, Languedoc, France - died on 5 June 911 in Narbonne, Aude, Languedoc, France)

2059363436148. Count Of Auvergne Bernard II Plantevelue Comte D' AUVERGNE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 son of Bernard I Count Of AUTUN Margrave Septimania and Dhuoda Of GASCONY Countess Of Agen & Septimania, was born from 22 March 840 to 41 in Uzes, Languedoc, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died in 886 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^²⁰⁶⁹ at age 46. Another name for Bernard was Bernard Comte D' AUTUN.

Bernard next married Ledegarde ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine>. Ledegarde was born in <Of Poitiers, Poitou, Aquitaine> and died in Y.

2059363436149. Countess Ermengarde D' AUVERGNE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of Bernard I Comte D' AUVERGNE and Liutgarde (Lieugardis), was born in 845 in Chalons-Sur-Marne, Marne, Champagne, France ^²⁵⁶³ and died after June 881 ^²⁵⁶³. Another name for Ermengarde was Ermengarde De CHALONS.

General Notes: Turton states that Ermengarde's parents are Guerin I Comte de Chalons by his wife Avane.

2059363436152. Thierry I "The Treasurer" Count Of AUTUN,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2898 son of Childebrand II Lord Of PERRACY and Dunne De AUTUN, was born about 790 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^³³²⁴ and died on 30 November 880 in Chaumois, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^{²⁸⁹⁸^,3324} about age 90. Other names for Thierry were Theodoric I, and Thierry I The Treasurer Of TROYES.

General Notes:
Count of Chaumois, Chamberlain to Charles the Bald.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, Abt 882. ¹⁷⁸⁴

Thierry married Miss Countess Of BURGUNDY. Miss was born about 822 in Bourgogne, France.

Children from this marriage were:

2059363436120 i. Theoderic II Meroving, Count Of CHAUNOIS (born in 850 in -, Chaunois, France - died before 892)

1029681718076 ii. Richard Meroving De CHAUNOIS (born before 853 in Vexin, -, France - died about 885 in Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne, France)

Thierry next married in 839.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Warnier De MEROVING was born in 870 in Vexin, -, France.

ii. Bozon I Meroving, King Of BURGUNDY was born in 840 in Vexin, -, France.

2059363436153. Miss Countess Of BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ daughter of Amadeus Count Of BURGUNDY and Unknown, was born about 822 in Bourgogne, France.

Miss married Thierry I "The Treasurer" Count Of AUTUN ¹⁷⁸⁴.^,2898 Thierry was born about 790 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^³³²⁴ and died on 30 November 880 in Chaumois, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France ^{²⁸⁹⁸^,3324} about age 90. Other names for Thierry were Theodoric I, and Thierry I The Treasurer Of TROYES.

2059363436164. Odoacer Count Of HARLEBEC,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2112 son of Engleran and Unknown, was born in 810 in Flanders, Nord, France and died in 862 ^²¹¹² at age 52.

Odoacer married Mrs-Odacre ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Flanders, Nord, France>. Mrs-Odacre was born about 820 in Of, , , France and died in Y.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718082 i. Baudouin I "Iron Arm" Count Of FLANDERS (born in 837 in Flanders, Nord, France - died in 879 in Arras, Flanders Now Belgium)

2059363436165. Mrs-Odacre ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 was born about 820 in Of, , , France and died in Y.

Mrs-Odacre married Odoacer Count Of HARLEBEC ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2112 in <Flanders, Nord, France>. Odoacer was born in 810 in Flanders, Nord, France and died in 862 ^²¹¹² at age 52.

2059363436166. Charles II "The Bald" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2112 ^,2948 ^,2951 ^,3132 ^,3134 ^,3230 son of Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian and Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Judith Altdorf The Fair, Princess Of BAVARIA, was born on 15 May 823 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia,^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} died on 6 October 877 in Brides-Les-Bains, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France ^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} at age 54, and was buried in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France. Other names for Charles were Charles II "The Bald" King Of FRANCE, Charles Ii, King De FRANCE,³¹³⁵ Charles Ii, and King De FRANCEAKA.³¹³³

General Notes:
(Andre Roux: Scrolls,191.)
(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-39.)
(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 180.)
(Paul, Nouveau Larousse Universel.)
(Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387).

AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve".

Born: on 13 Jun 823 in Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Baviere , Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829.

Note - between 824 and 875 in France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Debonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pepin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pepin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Chalon-sur-Saone, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhone, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude.

Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambresis, the Hainaut, the country of Mezieres, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saone and the Rhone, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor.

Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Nomenoe proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pepin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Nomenoe takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Nomenoe ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendome. Charles has Pepin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Medard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pepin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875).

When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis.

Married on 13 Dec 842 in Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orleans , daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orleans and Ingeltrude de Paris; Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead.

Married on 25 Nov 869 in Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles; The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine. Died: on 6 Oct 877 in Avrieux, Dauphine, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Begue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 875-877.

Charles married Queen Of The West Franks Ermentrude D' ORLEANS ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2112 ^,3231 on 14 December 842 in Crecy, France ³¹³⁵.^,3231 Ermentrude was born on 27 September 830 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France,^{²¹⁴⁷^,3133} died on 6 October 869 in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France ^{³¹³³^,3231} at age 39, and was buried in St Denis, Aude, France. Another name for Ermentrude was Hermentrude.

Charles next married Richaut Of METZ,³¹³⁴ daughter of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, on 25 November 870.³¹³⁴ Richaut was born about 845 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.

Charles next married Queen Of The West Franks Richilde Countess Of METZ (ARDENNES) ¹⁶⁰¹ from 22 January 869 to 870 in Aix La Chapelle, , France. Richilde was born in <Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia> and died in Y.

Charles next married Richildis Of The WEST FRANKS ³¹³⁴ on 25 November 870 ¹⁴³⁶.^,3134 Richildis was born about 850 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. Another name for Richildis was Richilde.

2059363436167. Queen Of The West Franks Ermentrude D' ORLEANS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2112 ^,3231 daughter of Odo (Eudes) I Comte D' ORLEANS and Countess Of Orleans INGELTRUDE, was born on 27 September 830 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France,^{²¹⁴⁷^,3133} died on 6 October 869 in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France ^{³¹³³^,3231} at age 39, and was buried in St Denis, Aude, France. Another name for Ermentrude was Hermentrude.

Ermentrude married Charles II "The Bald" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2112 ^,3132 ^,3134 on 14 December 842 in Crecy, France ³¹³⁵.^,3231 Charles was born on 15 May 823 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia,^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} died on 6 October 877 in Brides-Les-Bains, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France ^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} at age 54, and was buried in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France. Other names for Charles were Charles II "The Bald" King Of FRANCE, Charles Ii, King De FRANCE,³¹³⁵ Charles Ii, and King De FRANCEAKA.³¹³³

2059363436208. Mr. De SUBSTANTION, son of Robert Comte De SUBSTANTION and Unknown, was born about 840 in Substantion Near Montpellier, Herault, Languedoc, France.

Mr. married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718104 i. Bernard I Comte De MELGUEIL & Substantion (born about 877 in Melgueil Near Montpellier, Herault, Languedoc, France - died in Substantion Near Montpellier, Herault, Languedoc, France)

2059363436340. Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3119 ^,3120 ^,3121 ^,3122 ^,3123 ^,3124 son of King Of The Franks Charlemagne Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Countess Of Vinzgau Hildegard Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in August 778 in Chasseneuil, Lot-Et-Garonne Near Poitiers, Aquitaine, France,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3120^,3124} died on 20 June 840 in Petersaue, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany ^{²³²³^,3120^,3124^,3125} at age 61, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^³¹²⁶ Other names for Louis were Louis I The Fair, Ludwig Den Fromme, Louis I De FRANCE,³¹²⁰ Louis I King Of FRANCE, Louis I The Pious Of Aquitaine, King Of FRANCE,¹⁴³⁶ Louis I, King Of The LOMBARDS, Louis I Le Pieux Carolingien, and Em;Ereur D' OCCIDENT.

General Notes:
Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), king of France (814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king of Aquitaine (781-840). He was the son of Charlemagne, king of the Franks. In 817 Louis made plans providing for the posthumous division of the Carolingian Empire among his three surviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II, king of Germany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. His reign, however, was troubled by quarrels with his sons, who were dissatisfied with his arrangements for the succession. Louis was physically strong but was easily influenced and was unequal to administering the large empire that he inherited from his father.

In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anointed King of Aquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same time as his older brother Pepin was made King of Italy. Louis, whose twin brother had died at birth, was the third of Charlemagne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regni of 806indicates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an independent kingdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in effect a March; for much of Louis' reign as sub-king he and his officials were occupied in quelling Gascon revolts and launching offensives into Spain. Unrest had never completely died out in the Pyrenees since the annexation of Aquitaine in 768, and more especially after the disastrous ambush of the Frankish vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 788, Chorso, Duke of Toulouse was captured by a Gascon named Adelric, and then released after being forced to swear an oath of allegiance to the Gascon or Basque leader. In 793, the Sarracens invaded Septimania, burned the suburbs of Narbonne and marched on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben-Machluc sued with Louis for peace. In 800, he successfully laid siege to Barcelona and subsequently captured Tortosa, Huesca and Pamplona and formed links with the Kingdom of the Asturias. Baptized: on 15 Apr 781; On 15 April 781, Louis was baptized by Pope Hadrian I in Rome. The next day, Easter Sunday, he was confirmed in his title of King of Aquitaine. Married in 794: Ermengarde d'Esbay, daughter of Engueran=Ingram, Count d'Esbay.

Note - between 800 and 837: Louis I established monasteries in Nouaille (a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellone and St. Martin-de-Tours.

After the death of his brothers Pepin and Charles in 810 and 811 respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 September 813, Emperor and heir to all of Charlemagne's lands, by Charlemagne himself without any assistance nor even the presence of the Pope. All sources, Frankish as well as papal, refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagne died 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to quit the palace and retire to their own estates. His cousins, the offsprings of Bernard (Pepin III's half brother) were exhiled: Louis forced Count Wala to become a monk at Corbie; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to be held there in custody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lerin and Gundrada had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Croix in Poitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbess of Notre Dame at Soissons. Louis I was also known as Louis, "Le Pieux". On 27 February 814, upon learning of the death of his father, and at the age of 36 years, he left Doue-la-Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle.

This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himself in front of the tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with grief, his forehead touched the stone floor of the church. Hence the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind, relative to his times, he was also known as "Le Debonnaire". For himself, he preferred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Emperor Augustus". When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephen IV was elected Pope, and crowned Louis the Emperor on Sunday 5 October by placing a crown on his head during mass at Rheims. He also secured the release of some Roman exhiles in Francia. This crowning was among the first attempts to integrate the Papacy into the institutional framework of the Empire. Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying the natural desires of the body' married Ermengarde, daughter of Count Ingramn. Charlemagne established Doue-la-Fontaine, Chasseneuil (Louis' birthplace), Angeac and Ebreuil as royal residences to maintain Louis and his household. At an assembly in Aachen in July 817, Louis made provisions for his sons' inheritance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In his preface he states that the unity of the empire preserved for Louis by God should not be destroyed by men. Lothar was given the title of emperor, and as co-ruler with his father at once made heir to the empire, and appointed King of Italy in the event of his father's death. Bernard, then King of Italy was not mentioned, but the implication is that Bernard would be subordinate to Lothar should Louis die. Pepin was made King of Aquitaine (plus Gascony, Toulouse, Carcassonne, Autun, Avallon and Nevers) and Louis, The German, was made King of Bavaria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the lands of the Avars and Slavs and the royal manors of Lauterhofen and Ingolstadt). Pepin and Louis were to meet on an annual basis with Lothar to consult and together find "measures to take in the interest of perpetual peace". They could neither start a war nor marry without the approval of their elder brother. Lothar even had the right to de-throne them after three warnings. That same year, 817, Stephen IV obtains his political independence, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empire as conceived by Charlemagne. The arrangement was neat and all contingencies covered except for the one which took place. After his first wife's (Ermengarde) death, Louis, in 819, married the beautiful Bavarian Judith, daughter of Comte Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 823 she gave birth to a son. He was called Charles. In September, 824, forgetting his nickname "Le Debonnaire", Louis totally ravages the Bretagne which was rebelling. In 829, at the General Assembly convoked in Worms (Wurm), Louis announces that he is forging a Duchy for his son, Charles, and gives him Alamania, Alsace, Rhetia, and part of Burgundy. The Co-Emperor Lothar, disagrees and has his name removed from imperial decrees and diplomas. Toward the end of 829, the political scene gets very complicated with allegations that Judith had intimate rapports with Bernard, Count of Barcelone, and ultimately desiring the death of the three sons of Hirmingarde. In Mai of 830, in Compiegne, Lothar and Pepin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. Louis is forced to cede on every point of contention. The apanage of the young Charles is eliminated, Judith is locked up in Poitiers at the Monastery of Sainte-Radegonde. In 831, the bishops would note how she had a talent for converting men's hearts and souls, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pepin and Louis revolt against their father. On 24 June 833, the Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those of the rebels. The field of battle in Rothfeld would be named the Field of the Lie (Lugenfeld). The Emperor and his sons begin negotiations. The night of 29 to 30 June, it is clear that the supporters of Louis would be influenced by his three sons. On the morning of 30 June, Louis would have to surrender. It would not be until 1 October that Louis would be deposed by the Assembly led by Agobard, Archbishop of Lyon and Eblon, Archbishop of Reims. On 7 October, Judith is sent to the Monastery of Tortone, Bernard to Prum, and Louis to the Monastery of Saint-Medard-de-Soissons, where in public ceremony, he is forced to lay down his sword, stripped of royal vestments, he is made to don the coarse cloth of a penitent. In 834, Louis and Pepin, tired of being under the control of their brother Lothar, decide to free their father. On 28 February, they succeed in freeing their father and in August in Blois, Lothar swears to Louis Le Pieux, that he would never leave Italy except by his direct command. Throughout 834, the Normands -- Danes, Swedes and Norwegians -- resume their raids. On 28 February 835, the General Assembly proclaims that Louis was innocent of all previous accusations thus clearing the way for him to be re-established as Emperor on the Throne at Saint-Stephen of Metz.

In 837, thanks to the intercessions of Judith, Charles "Le Chauve", receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between the Seine, the Meuse and the sea and in September 838, he receives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise. In 838, Marseille is devastated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, the Empire is divided in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles' lands extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and all the lands of the West. Louis "the German", gets to keep only Bavaria. Married in 819: Judith de Baviere (3628), daughter of Welf II, Count de Baviere and Egilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes ; Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 22 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, Germany, at age 61 In 840, while attempting to keep Louis "the German" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" is taken ill in Salz. Feeling near death, he sends Lothar his sword and the crown on the condition that he would be loyal to Judith and abide by the lands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He died on an island, near Ingelheim on 22 June. 309. Judith de Baviere (Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-40.)
(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 136).

Married Name: de France. Born: circa 800 in Altdorf, Bavaria, daughter of Welf II, Count de Baviere (3626) and Egilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes . Married in 819: Louis I, King de France , son of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau ; Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 19 Apr 843 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 814-840.

Louis married Ermengarde De HESBAYE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3124 in 794 in France ¹⁴³⁶ ^,3127.^,3128 Ermengarde was born in 778 in Hesbaye, Liege, Belgium and died on 3 October 818 in Angers, Maine-Et-Loire, Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France ^{³¹²⁰^,3124^,3127} at age 40. Other names for Ermengarde were Ermengarde, Ermengard Av HASPENGAU, Yrmingard Av HASPENGAU, and Irmengard Of HESBAIN.¹⁴³⁶

Louis next married Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Judith Altdorf The Fair, Princess Of BAVARIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3124 from 2 February 818 to 19 in Aix La Chapell, Austrasia ¹⁴³⁶ ^,2321 ^,2323 ^,3120.^,3124 Judith was born in 800 in Altdorf, Bavaria and died on 19 April 843 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,1784^,2323^,3120^,3127} at age 43. Other names for Judith were Judith Von ALTDORF, Judith Von ALTORF, Judith Of ALTORP, Judith Of Bavaria, and Abbess Of CHALLES.

Louis next married Various CONCUBINE(S).

2059363436341. Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Judith Altdorf The Fair, Princess Of BAVARIA,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3119 ^,3121 ^,3124 daughter of Welf (Guelph) III Duke Of BAVARIA and Edith (Eigilwich\Heilwig\Hedwig) Of SAXONY, was born in 800 in Altdorf, Bavaria and died on 19 April 843 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,1784^,2323^,3120^,3127} at age 43. Other names for Judith were Judith Von ALTDORF, Judith Von ALTORF, Judith Of ALTORP, Judith Of Bavaria, and Abbess Of CHALLES.

Judith married Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3124 from 2 February 818 to 19 in Aix La Chapell, Austrasia ¹⁴³⁶ ^,2321 ^,2323 ^,3120.^,3124 Louis was born in August 778 in Chasseneuil, Lot-Et-Garonne Near Poitiers, Aquitaine, France,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3120^,3124} died on 20 June 840 in Petersaue, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany ^{²³²³^,3120^,3124^,3125} at age 61, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^³¹²⁶ Other names for Louis were Louis I The Fair, Ludwig Den Fromme, Louis I De FRANCE,³¹²⁰ Louis I King Of FRANCE, Louis I The Pious Of Aquitaine, King Of FRANCE,¹⁴³⁶ Louis I, King Of The LOMBARDS, Louis I Le Pieux Carolingien, and Em;Ereur D' OCCIDENT.

2059363436342. Odo (Eudes) I Comte D' ORLEANS,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3135 ^,3231 son of Hadrian Lord Of WORMSGAU and Waldrat Of HORNBACH, was born in 798 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France ^³¹³⁵ and died in 834 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3133} at age 36. Other names for Odo were Udo, Vodon, and Udo Count Of LAHNGAU.

Odo married Countess Of Orleans INGELTRUDE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3135 ^,3231 in <Of, Orléans, Neustria>. Countess was born about 805 in Of, Orleans, Loiret, France. Another name for Countess was Eva.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681724256 i. Gebhard Count Of NIEDERLANDGAU (born in 826 in Lahn River Valley, Hesse, Germany - died in 879)

1029681718171 ii. Queen Of The West Franks Ermentrude D' ORLEANS (born on 27 September 830 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France - died on 6 October 869 in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France)

iii. William De ORLÉANS.

2059363436343. Countess Of Orleans INGELTRUDE,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3135 ^,3231 daughter of Leutaud I Count Of PARIS and Unknown, was born about 805 in Of, Orleans, Loiret, France. Another name for Countess was Eva.

Countess married Odo (Eudes) I Comte D' ORLEANS ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3231 in <Of, Orléans, Neustria>. Odo was born in 798 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France ^³¹³⁵ and died in 834 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3133} at age 36. Other names for Odo were Udo, Vodon, and Udo Count Of LAHNGAU.

2059363436804. Aethelwulf King Of Kent & WESSEX,⁴¹⁵ ^,662 ^,779 ^,825 ^,1062 ^,1065 ^,1416 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3211 ^,3213 ^,3216 ^,3217 ^,3218 ^,3219 ^,3220 ^,3221 ^,3222 ^,3223 ^,3224 son of Egbert I King Of Kent & WESSEX and Raedburh (Readberg) De CAROLINGIANS, was born in 806 in Wessex, England, died from 13 January 857 to 858 in Stambridge, Rochford, Essex, England ^{¹⁴¹⁶^,3217} at age 51, and was buried in Reburied At Winchester, Hampshire, England.^³²²⁵

General Notes: Æthelwulf was the son of Egbert and a sub-king of Kent. He assumed the throne of Wessex upon his father's death in 839. His reign is characterized by the usual Viking invasions and repulsions common to all English rulers of the time, but the making of war was not his chief claim to fame. Æthelwulf is remembered, however dimly, as a highly religious man who cared about the establishment and preservation of the church. He was also a wealthy man and controlled vast resources. Out of these resources, he gave generously, to Rome and to religious houses that were in need.

He was an only child, but had fathered five sons, by his first wife, Osburga. He recognized that there could be difficulties with contention over the succession. He devised a scheme which would guarantee (insofar as it was possible to do so) that each child would have his turn on the throne without having to worry about rival claims from his siblings. Æthelwulf provided that the oldest living child would succeed to the throne and would control all the resources of the crown, without having them divided among the others, so that he would have adequate resources to rule. That he was able to provide for the continuation of his dynasty is a matter of record, but he was not able to guarantee familial harmony with his plan. This is proved by what we know of the foul plottings of his son, Æthelbald, while Æthelwulf was on pilgrimage to Rome in 855.

Æthelwulf was a wise and capable ruler, whose vision made possible the beneficial reign of his youngest son, Alfred the Great.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 839-856/858. ²³⁰³

Aethelwulf married Queen Of England Judith Princess Of FRANCE Princess Of The West Franks,⁸⁴¹ ^,1068 ^,1601 ^,2112 ^,3207 ^,3209 ^,3210 ^,3211 ^,3212 ^,3213 daughter of Charles II "The Bald" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Queen Of The West Franks Ermentrude D' ORLEANS, on 1 October 856 in Verberie Palace, Verberie Sur Oise, France ¹⁴³⁶.^,3211 Judith was born about 846 in France,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3208} died on 10 September 918 ^{³⁰⁶⁵^,3214^,3215} about age 72, and was buried in Gent.^³⁰⁶⁵

Aethelwulf next married Osburgh Of WIGHT Queen Of Wessex ⁷⁸⁹ ^,1416 ^,1601 ^,2303 ^,3213 ^,3217 ^,3249 ^,3325 about 830 in 1st Wife.¹⁴¹⁶ Osburgh was born about 810 in Wessex, Isle Of Wight, England and died in 846 ^²³⁰³ about age 36.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Divorced: Divorced, 853.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Aethelbald King Of WESSEX was born about 834 in Wessex, England, died on 20 December 860 in (Dsp) ^²³⁰³ about age 26, and was buried in Sherborne Abbey, Dorset. Another name for Aethelbald was King Of Kent.

ii. Ethelswitha ANGLO-SAXONS Queen was born about 832 of Wantage, Berkshire, England.

iii. Aethelberht King Of Kent & WESSEX was born about 828 in Wessex, England, died between 865 and 866 in (Dsp) ^²³⁰³ about age 37, and was buried in Sherborne, Dorsetshire, England.

2059357211666 iv. Aethelred I King Of Kent & WESSEX (born about 830 in Wessex, England - died on 23 April 871 in Merton, Torrington, Devonshire, England)

v. Athelstan King Of KENT, ESSEX AND SUSSEX was born about 838 in Of, Wantage, Berkshire, England and died about 850 about age 12.

1029681718402 vi. Alfred "The Great" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND (born in 849 in Wantage, Berkshire, England - died on 26 October 899 in Winchester, Hampshire, England)

vii. Edmund King Of East Anglia was born about 835 of Hagilsdun, Hoxne, Near Diss, England, died about 870 about age 35, and was buried in St. Edmundsbury, Beodrechsworth, , England.

viii. Ethelswith Queen Of MERCIA was born about 846 in Of, Wantage, Berkshire, England and died about 888 about age 42.

2059363436805. Osburgh Of WIGHT Queen Of Wessex,⁴¹⁵ ^,789 ^,1416 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2303 ^,3213 ^,3217 ^,3249 ^,3325 daughter of Oslac The Cup Bearer Princerna Regis Of WIGHT Grand Count and Unknown, was born about 810 in Wessex, Isle Of Wight, England and died in 846 ^²³⁰³ about age 36.

General Notes:
Dau. of Oslac, the royal cup-bearer; m. Aethelwulf as his 1st wife; mother of Alfred the Great, king of England. [Ancestral Roots, p. 2]

1st wife of Aethelwulf, annulled 853; b.c. 810, Wessex; d. aft 876; dau. of Oslac, Royal Cup Bearer (Princerna Regis) of England; mother of Alfred the Great. [Royalty for Commoners, p. 119]

d. 846; m. Aethelwulf, King of England; mother of Alfred the Great. [William Marshall]

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, After 876. ¹⁷⁸⁴

Osburgh married Aethelwulf King Of Kent & WESSEX ⁶⁶² ^,779 ^,825 ^,1062 ^,1065 ^,1416 ^,1601 ^,3211 ^,3213 ^,3216 ^,3217 ^,3218 ^,3219 ^,3220 ^,3221 ^,3222 ^,3223 ^,3224 about 830 in 1st Wife.¹⁴¹⁶ Aethelwulf was born in 806 in Wessex, England, died from 13 January 857 to 858 in Stambridge, Rochford, Essex, England ^{¹⁴¹⁶^,3217} at age 51, and was buried in Reburied At Winchester, Hampshire, England.^³²²⁵

2059363436806. Aethelred II Mucil Earl Of MERCIA ⁴¹⁵ ^,1416 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3216 was born in 825 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England and died in 911 at age 86. Another name for Aethelred was Aethelred Mucil Ealdorman Of GAINSBOROUGH.

Aethelred married Eadburh (Eadberg) FADBURN ¹⁴¹⁶ ^,1601 ^,1784.^,3326 Eadburh was born in 830 in Mercia, England. Another name for Eadburh was Eadburgh (Edburga) Of MERCIA.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718403 i. Elswitha Of Mercia, Queen Of GAINI (born in 852 in Gaini, Mercia, England - died on 5 December 905 in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England)

2059363436807. Eadburh (Eadberg) FADBURN ⁴¹⁵ ^,1416 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3326 was born in 830 in Mercia, England. Another name for Eadburh was Eadburgh (Edburga) Of MERCIA.

Eadburh married Aethelred II Mucil Earl Of MERCIA ¹⁴¹⁶ ^,1601 ^,1784.^,3216 Aethelred was born in 825 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England and died in 911 at age 86. Another name for Aethelred was Aethelred Mucil Ealdorman Of GAINSBOROUGH.

2059363436814. Hugh Comte De BOURGES,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 son of Hugues III Count Of Upper ALSACE and Ava Countess Of Upper ALSACE, was born about 798 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France and died after 853 in Bourges, Cher, Berry/Centre, France.

Hugh married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718407 i. Adelaide D' ALSACE (born about 870 in France - died before 894)

Hugh next married.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Stephen Comte De BOURGES was born about 830 in Bourges, Cher, Berry/Centre, France.

2059363436082 ii. Geoffrey Comte De GASTINOIS (born about 832 in Gatinais, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France)

2059363436872. Harald "Parcus" King Of Sjaelland DENMARK,⁴¹⁵ ^,662 ^,3200 son of Frodo (Frotho) King Of DENMARK King Of Sjaelland and Asloga, was born about 858 in Sjaelland Island, Denmark and died in 899 about age 41. Another name for Harald was Harald "Parcus" FRODOSSON King Of Sjaelland.

General Notes:
Sjaelland, also Zealand, island, E. Denmark. The largest and most important island of Denmark, it lies between the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea; it is separated by the Oresund from Sweden and by the Great Belt from the island of Fyn. The coasts, which are rockbound on the SE, are indented by bays and fjords. Agriculture and cattle breeding are the leading occupations. The chief city is Copenhagen, the Danish capital. Area, 2709 sq. mi. [Funk & Wagnalls, Vol. 23, p. 442]

Son of Gorm Enske; m. Princess Elgivia; father of Gorm del Gamell. [A.H. Burgess]

Son of Gorm Enske, King of Sjaelland, and Sida; m. Elgiva of England; mother of Gorm Haraldsson who m. Thyra Klacksdottir. [Terry Walters <[email protected], 2 Nov 2001]

Son of Gorm Fra Danmark and Thrye Haraldsdottir; m. Ælfgifu of Wessex; father of Gorm Del Gammel Haraldsson who m. Sida. [Thomas Mebane LeGrande <[email protected], 21 Feb 2002]

Harald married Elfgifu Princess Of WESSEX in , , England. Elfgifu was born about 860 in Wessex, England. Another name for Elfgifu was Ælfgifu Of Wessex.

Harald next married Bertrade. Bertrade was born about 860 of Denmark.

2059363436873. Elfgifu Princess Of WESSEX,⁴¹⁵ daughter of Aethelred I King Of Kent & WESSEX and Wulfrida Of WESSEX, was born about 860 in Wessex, England. Another name for Elfgifu was Ælfgifu Of Wessex.

General Notes:
Dau. of Æthelred I, King of England, and Wulfrida; m. Harald Parcus, King of Sjaelland. [Terry Walters <[email protected], 2 Nov 2001]

Dau. of Æthelred I of Wessex and Wulfthryth of Wessex; m. Harald I Gormsson; mother of Gorm Del Gammel Haraldsson sho m. Sida. [Thomas Mebane LeGrande <[email protected], 21 Feb 2002]

Elfgifu married Harald "Parcus" King Of Sjaelland DENMARK ⁶⁶² ^,3200 in , , England. Harald was born about 858 in Sjaelland Island, Denmark and died in 899 about age 41. Another name for Harald was Harald "Parcus" FRODOSSON King Of Sjaelland.

2059363436874. Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1416 ^,1444 ^,1447 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3099 ^,3100 son of Alfred "The Great" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND and Elswitha Of Mercia, Queen Of GAINI, was born in 875 in Wessex, England,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3099} died on 17 July 924 in Farndon On Dee, Farrington, Berkshire, England ^{³⁷⁸^,1416^,1436^,3099^,3100} at age 49, and was buried in 924 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.^¹⁴³⁶ Other names for Edward were Édouard L'ancien, Roy Des ANGLOS-SAXONS, and WESSEX.

General Notes:
Edward, byname EDWARD THE ELDER (d. 17 July 924, Farndon on Dee, England), Anglo Saxon king in England, the son of Alfred the Great. As ruler of the West Saxons, or Wessex, from 899 to 924, Edward extended his authority over almost all of England by conquering areas that previously had been held by Danish invaders.

Edward ascended the throne upon his father's death in October 899, and in battle in 902 his forces killed a rival claimant, Aethelwald, who had allied with the Danes. After defeating the Northumbrian Danes at Tettenhall, he set out in August 912 to subdue the Danes of the eastern Midlands and East Anglia. From 910 to 916 he constructed a series of fortified enclosures around his Kingdom of Wessex.

At the same time, his sister, the Mercian ruler Aethelflaed, constructed a complementary series of fortresses in the northwest Midlands. In 917 Edward and Aethelflaed launched a massive offensive, quickly overwhelming the entire Danish army of East Anglia. Upon Aethelflaed's death in June 918, Edward assumed control of Mercia, and by the end of the year the last Danish armies in the Midlands had submitted. By that time Edward's kingdom included all the lands south of the Humber estuary; in 920 he pacified Northumbria. Complete political unification of England was achieved during the reign of his son and successor, Athelstan (reigned 924-939). [Encyclopaedia Britannica]

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Well-trained by Alfred, his son Edward 'the Elder' (reigned 899-924) was a bold soldier who defeated the Danes in Northumbria at Tettenhall in 910 and was acknowledged by the Viking kingdom of York. The kings of Strathclyde and the Scots submitted to Edward in 921. By military success and patient planning, Edward spread English influence and control. Much of this was due to his alliance with his formidable sister Aethelflaed, who was married to the ruler of Mercia and seems to have governed that kingdom after her husband's death.

Edward was able to establish an administration for the kingdom of England, whilst obtaining the allegiance of Danes, Scots and Britons. Edward died in 924, and he was buried in the New Minster which he had had completed at Winchester. Edward was twice married, but it is possible that his eldest son Athelstan was the son of a mistress.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 17 July 925. ¹⁷⁸⁴

• Ruled: ³¹⁰⁰ 899-924

Edward married Ecgwyn ³¹⁰¹ in 893 in 1st Wife ³⁷⁸.^,3101 Ecgwyn was born about 877 in Wessex, England.

Edward next married Aelflaed (Aelfflaed) Of WILTSHIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3101 ^,3103 before 902 in -, Wessex, England.³¹⁰¹ Aelflaed was born in 852 in Wiltshire, England ^³⁷⁸ and died on 5 December 905 ^³⁷⁸ at age 53. Other names for Aelflaed were Elfleda, Ælflese De BERNICIE, and Aelfflaed Of WILTSHIRE.

Edward next married Edgiva Meapham Of SAXE-KENT,¹⁴¹⁶ ^,1601 ^,3099 ^,3101 daughter of Sigehelm I Ealdorman Of KENT and Elfrida, in 919 in 3rd Wife ¹⁴¹⁶ ^,3099.^,3101 Edgiva was born in 896 in Kent County, England,^³⁷⁸ died in 961 ^{¹⁴¹⁶^,1436^,3099} at age 65, and was buried in Canterbury, Kent, England. Another name for Edgiva was Eadgifu.

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 25 August 968.

Edward next married Queen Eggwyn ENGLAND ¹⁶⁰¹ about 891 in , , Wessex, England. Eggwyn was born in 874 in , , Wessex, England and died after 897.

2059363436875. Ecgwyn ⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,3101 was born about 877 in Wessex, England.

Ecgwyn married Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND ¹⁴¹⁶ ^,1601 ^,3099 ^,3100 in 893 in 1st Wife ³⁷⁸.^,3101 Edward was born in 875 in Wessex, England,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3099} died on 17 July 924 in Farndon On Dee, Farrington, Berkshire, England ^{³⁷⁸^,1416^,1436^,3099^,3100} at age 49, and was buried in 924 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.^¹⁴³⁶ Other names for Edward were Édouard L'ancien, Roy Des ANGLOS-SAXONS, and WESSEX.

2059363436896. Constantine (Causantin) King Of SCOTS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1416 ^,3327 son of Kenneth (Cinaed) I Macalpin King Of Picts& SCOTS and Unknown First WIFE, was born in 836 in Dunolly Castle, Argyllshire, Dalriada/Scotland and died in 877 in Inverdovat, Forgan, Fifeshire, Scotland (Slain By Norse) ^{³³²⁷^,3328} at age 41. Another name for Constantine was Constantine II King Of SCOTLAND.

General Notes:
Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (836), son of King Kenneth I MacAlpin, became king of the Scots and the Picts in 863 when he succeeded his uncle Donald I.

Constantine was a warrior king. During his reign he spent most of his days fighting off the Vikings or trying to expand his kingdom into the south. In 872 his assassination of 'Rhun' (Arthgal), King of Strathclyde, and his brother-in-law, meant that the southern regions of what is now Scotland, became apart of his own Alba.

The year 864 saw the rampage of the Norsemen led by Olaf the White from Dublin. Swiftly defeated by Constantine, the Norsemen relaxed their threats on him until Thorsten the Red led them, but he too was defeated successfully by King Constantine.

Although usually confident in battle, Constantine often resorted to tactics of bribery and payoffs to his rivals in order to keep the peace. This form of peace-keeping was later employed by the English Royals, namely King Ethelred the Unready in the year 1000. In the end though, Constantine was finally defeated by the Norsemen, when a raiding party known as the 'Black Strangers' from Dublin made a base for themselves in Fife from which they launched their attacks. It was during one of these attacks that Constantine met his match.

He was killed in battle against the Vikings in 877 at the "Black Cave" (Inverdovat) in Forgan, Fife. His successor was his brother Aed. He had a son, Donald who became King Donald II of Scotland following the joint reign of Kings Eochaid and Giric. ³³²⁹

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 876. ¹⁴¹⁶

• Ruled: 862-877

Constantine married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681718448 i. Domnall II (Donald II) King Of SCOTS (born in 862 in Scotland - died in 900 in Forres, Morayshire, Scotland (Killed))

2059363438080. Nominoe Duke Of BRITTANY ⁴¹⁵ was born about 772 in Brittany, France and died in 851 about age 79.

Nominoe married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681719040 i. Erispoe Duke Of BRITTANY (born about 800 in Brittany, France - died in November 857)

2059363438094. Erispoe Duke Of BRITTANY,⁴¹⁵ son of Nominoe Duke Of BRITTANY and Unknown, was born about 800 in Brittany, France and died in November 857 about age 57.

Erispoe married.

2059363438144. Ivar Halfdansson Oplaendinge, Jarl Of The UPLANDERS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3330 son of Halfdan II Milldi Eysteinsson King Of VESTFOLD and Lifa (Hilf) DAGSDOTTIR, was born after 770 in Oppland, Uplands, Norway and died after 800. Other names for Ivar were Iver, Jarl=Earl, Ivar OPLAENDINGE, and Ivar Of The UPLANDS OF NORWAY.

General Notes:
The Scandinavian Earls of Orkney trace their descent from the noblest and most heroic of the ruling dynasties of the north. Ivar, Prince of the Uplands in Norway, who claimed a descent from the deified hero Thor, was father of Eystein. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 492, Sinclair, Earl of Orkney]

Ivar married Eysteinsdatter Of TRONDHEIM ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 about 824 in Of, , Oppland, Norway. Eysteinsdatter was born about 785 in Trondheim, Domkirke, Sor-Trondelag, Norway.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681719072 i. Eystein "The Chatterer" Ivarsson NORWAY Jarl Of The Upplands (born about 810 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway - died in 862 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway)

2059363438145. Eysteinsdatter Of TRONDHEIM,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of King Frondheim Eystein "Glumra" Hognasson NORWAY Jarl Of Trondheim and Mrs. Eystein Hognasson NORWAY, was born about 785 in Trondheim, Domkirke, Sor-Trondelag, Norway.

Eysteinsdatter married Ivar Halfdansson Oplaendinge, Jarl Of The UPLANDERS ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3330 about 824 in Of, , Oppland, Norway. Ivar was born after 770 in Oppland, Uplands, Norway and died after 800. Other names for Ivar were Iver, Jarl=Earl, Ivar OPLAENDINGE, and Ivar Of The UPLANDS OF NORWAY.

2059363438146. Rognvald Olafsson Of AGDER,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 son of King Of Jutland And Vestf Olaf Gudrodsson NORWAY and Mrs-Olaf GUDRODSSON, was born about 816 in Jutland, Vestfold, Norway and died in 850 ^²⁰⁶⁹ about age 34.

Rognvald married Tora SIGRUDSDOTTIR ¹⁶⁰¹ about 833 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway. Tora was born about 814 in Of, , Jutland, Denmark.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681719073 i. Countess Of Uppland Ascrida (Aseda) Rognvaldsdatter NORWAY (born about 825 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway)

2059363438147. Tora SIGRUDSDOTTIR ¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1601 ^,1746 was born about 814 in Of, , Jutland, Denmark.

Tora married Rognvald Olafsson Of AGDER ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 about 833 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway. Rognvald was born about 816 in Jutland, Vestfold, Norway and died in 850 ^²⁰⁶⁹ about age 34.

2059363444864. Rognvald "The Wise" Eysteinsson , Jarl Of MORE Jarl Of More,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2253 ^,3071 ^,3072 ^,3073 son of Eystein "The Chatterer" Ivarsson NORWAY Jarl Of The Upplands and Countess Of Uppland Ascrida (Aseda) Rognvaldsdatter NORWAY, was born about 840 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway,^²⁷³⁸ died in 890 in (Burned Alive With His Bodyguards In His Hall) ^{²⁷³⁸^,3071^,3072} about age 50, and was buried in Sydero, Dornoch Firth, Caithness, Scotland. Other names for Rognvald were Jarl=Earl, Malahulcius [Latinized], Malahultis, MAEREN AND ROMSDAL, Rognwald, Earl Of MORE [In Norway], 01st Jarl Of ORKNEY Rognvald "Wise" Eysteinsson, and 02nd Jarl Of ORKNEY Sigurd I Riki Eysteinsson.

General Notes:
NORSE PREDECESSORS of the EARLS of ORKNEY - subject to King of Norway until after 1379

RAGNVALD I the Wise, called the Morejarl, son of Eystein Glumra, Jarl of the Uplanders in Norway, grandson of Ivar son of Halfdan the Old, was made Jarl of North and South More and of Raumsdal in Norway by King Harald Haarfagri after his victory of Solskiel circa 869 over Hunthiof, King of More, and Nokve, King of Raumsdal. In that year he surprised Vermund, King of Fiordeland, at Notsdal and burned him in his hall with 90 men. Later King Harald married his sister Swanhilda and had issue, In (?) 874 King Harald made an expedition to the Nordreys (Orkney and Shetland) to enforce his authority over those who had fled thither in order to escape from it in Norway. Either during this expedition or previously at the battle of Hafrsfiord circa 872 Ivar, the eldest son of Ragnvald, was killed and the King gave the Orkneys and Shetlands to Ragnvald as compensation. When the King started home for Norway, (?) Spring 875, Ragnvald, who went with him, gave the islands to his brother Sigurd, and the King confirmed the transfer, Ragnvald was surprised in his hall and burned alive circa 894 by Halfdan Haaleg and Gudred Liomi, King Harald's sons by Snaefrid, dau. of Swasi.

By his wife Ragnhild, dau. of Hrolf Nefia, he had 3 sons: Ivar, who was killed in battle ut supra, Rolf the Ganger, afterwards 1st Duke of Normandy, and Thori the Silent, who was made Jarl of More in succession to his father by King Harald Haarfagri circa 894, after Gudred Liomi, who had seized More on the death of Jarl Ragnvald, had been dispossessed by the King. By an earlier union with a nameless girl, whose kindred were all slave-born, Ragnvald had 3 sons, described as bastards: Hallad, 4th Earl of Orkney, Turf-Einar, 5th Earl of Orkney, and Hrollaug, an unwarlike man, who settled at Eyiafiord in Iceland and had issue. [Complete Peerage, X:Appendix A:3-4]

---------------------------

Rogenwald was a supporter of King Harold Harfagr, and assisted him in obtaining the mastery over the other independent Norwegian chiefs, and in establishing himself as King of all Norway. He was Earl of More and Raumdahl in Norway, and in 888, he obtained from King Harold a grant of the Orkney and Shetland islands. One of his sons, Rollo, conquered Neustria, founded the line of sovereign Dukes of Normandy, and was ancestor to William the Conqueror. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 492, Sinclair, Earl of Orkney]

Rognvald married Countess Of More Hilda (Ragnhild) Hrolfsdatter NORWAY,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3071 ^,3074 daughter of Hrolf NEFJA (NEFIA) Sea King and Mrs-Hrolf NEFJA, about 858 in , Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway.²⁷³⁸ Hilda was born about 848 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland.^²⁷³⁸ Other names for Hilda were Hilda, Hildir, Hildr, Ragnhild, and Rognhild.

Rognvald next married Early MISTRESS ³⁰⁷² in No Marriage.³⁰⁷² Early was born about 840 in Norway.

Rognvald next married Concubine #1 Miss Rognvald EYSTEINSSON.¹⁶⁰¹ Miss was born in <Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway> and died in Y.

Rognvald next married Miss Rognvald EYSTEINSSON. Miss was born about 834 in <Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway> and died in Y.

Rognvald next married Concubine #3 Of Orkney Miss Rognvald EYSTEINSSON.¹⁶⁰¹ Miss was born in <Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway> and died in Y.

Rognvald next married Concubine #4 Of Orkney Miss Rognvald EYSTEINSSON.¹⁶⁰¹ Miss was born in <Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway> and died in Y.

Rognvald next married Ermina.

Rognvald next married Groa Princess Of TRONDHEIM ¹⁶⁰¹ about 877 in Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway. Groa was born in <Of, Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway> and died in Y.

2059363444865. Early MISTRESS ³⁰⁷² was born about 840 in Norway.

Early married Rognvald "The Wise" Eysteinsson , Jarl Of MORE Jarl Of More ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2253 ^,3071 ^,3072 ^,3073 in No Marriage.³⁰⁷² Rognvald was born about 840 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway,^²⁷³⁸ died in 890 in (Burned Alive With His Bodyguards In His Hall) ^{²⁷³⁸^,3071^,3072} about age 50, and was buried in Sydero, Dornoch Firth, Caithness, Scotland. Other names for Rognvald were Jarl=Earl, Malahulcius [Latinized], Malahultis, MAEREN AND ROMSDAL, Rognwald, Earl Of MORE [In Norway], 01st Jarl Of ORKNEY Rognvald "Wise" Eysteinsson, and 02nd Jarl Of ORKNEY Sigurd I Riki Eysteinsson.

2059363445152. Alfgar II Ealdorman Of LEICESTER ⁴¹⁵ ^,2939 was born about 848 in Leicestershire, England (Mercia) and died in 870 ^²⁹³⁹ about age 22.

Alfgar married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681722576 i. Leofric II Of MERCIA (born before 871 in Mercia, England)

2059363445158. Alfred "The Great" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND,⁴¹⁵ ^,779 ^,830 ^,835 ^,1062 ^,1065 ^,1444 ^,1513 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2303 ^,2720 ^,3216 ^,3233 ^,3234 ^,3235 ^,3236 ^,3237 ^,3238 ^,3239 ^,3240 ^,3241 ^,3242 ^,3243 ^,3244 ^,3245 ^,3246 ^,3247 ^,3248 ^,3249 ^,3250 ^,3251 son of Aethelwulf King Of Kent & WESSEX and Osburgh Of WIGHT Queen Of Wessex, was born in 849 in Wantage, Berkshire, England,^{⁸³⁵^,1416^,1436^,3065^,3216} died on 26 October 899 in Winchester, Hampshire, England ^{⁸³⁵^,1436^,3065^,3216} at age 50, and was buried in 901 in Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, England. Another name for Alfred was Alfred The Great, King Of The WEST SAXONS.

General Notes:
King of the West Saxons during numerous Danish invasions. Laid the groundwork for the unification of England. Patron of learning and education. Translated the work of Boethius and Paulus Orosius. Made the first laws with no distinction between the English and the Welsh peoples. [Funk & Wagnalls]

Came to the throne in 871. He was a scholar, lawgiver, warrior and king, the first great statesman to emerge clearly from the mists of early English history. His biographer and friend, Asser, Bishop of Sherborne, painted a portrait of a man of exceptional gifts, devout and humane, devoted to the welfare of his people, as brave in battle as he was studious in scholarship, always careful to make the best use of his time so that he could continue with his studies and translations without neglecting the cares and duties of government, even inventing a water clock to help him in this endeavour.

In battle against the Danes at Ashdown in the Berkshire hills Alfred fought "like a wild boar". But, although his enemies were here defeated, the Danish incursions into England were soon resumed; and for a time Alfred, with a small company of faithful followers, was driven into hiding from the invaders on the Isle of Athelney in the Somerset marshes, moving "under difficulties through woods and into inaccessible places" and giving rise to the famous legend that he sought shelter in a cottage where a woman scolded the unrecognized fugitive for allowing her cakes to burn by the fire.

Gradually, however, the number of his supporters increased and by 878 Alfred was able to bring the Danes to battle once more and to defeat them decisively. He obliged them to remain within an area bound by Watling Street known as the Danelaw, and persuaded their leader, Guthrum, and several of his leading warriors, to be baptized as Christians. Taking advantage of the temporary peace, Alfred reorganized the fyrd, satisfying the complaints of men who had had to leave their farms for indeterminate periods to serve as soldiers; and he built up a strong navy to patrol the English Channel, forcing many would-be invaders to turn their attentions to northern France where their settlements became known as Normandy, the land of the men from the north. [The Story of England]

In 865 the Great Army, under several royal Scandinavian generals, moved from Francia and landed in East Anglia. In 866 they seized York from the warring Northumbrian kings and set up a kingdom based on that town; they then conquered eastern Mercia and East Anglia. The attacks on King Alfred's Wessex failed, although in 878 Wessex was attacked from both east and west and the Vikings narrowly missed capturing the king himself. Alfred rallied his subjects, and forced the invaders to make peace, agreeing on a frontier
between West Saxon territory and what became known as the Danelaw. By about 888 King Alfred had learned much from his Frankish neighbours on the art of fighting Vikings and had built up a series of forts, or burhs, and had equipped himself with an effective navy. [The Oxford History of Medieval Europe]

Alfred was the most complete embodiment of all that is great, all that is lovable, in the English temper. He combined as no other man has ever combined its practical energy, its patient and enduring force, its profound sense of duty, the reserve and self-control that steadies in it a wide outlook and a restless daring, its temperance and fairness, its frank genialty, its sensitiveness to action, its poetic tenderness, its deep and passionate religion. His temper was instinct with piety. Vexed as he was by sickness and constant pain, his temper took no touch of asceticism. His rare genialty, a peculiar elasticity and mobility of nature, gave color and charm to his life. A sunny frankness and openness of spirit breathes in the pleasant chat of his
books, and what he was in his books he showed himself in his daily converse. [WBH - England]

5th son of Ethelwulf, came to the shaking throne on the death of his brother, at a time when a body of Danes held the mouth of the Thames and had fixed a strong camp as far up as Reading. The noblest of the English kings, his virtues and exploits better attested than the halo of romance that crowns the British Arthur, some of whose legendary renown seems to have been borrowed from this Saxon hero. Mother died when he was very young. Sent to Rome when he was 5 years old in the charge of Bishop Swithin to further his education. He
remained there for 2-3 years. Gave half his time and income to God and all of both for the good of his people. Sent gifts to Rome and to foreign monasteries, even as far off as to mission settlements in India. Refounded
London after chasing out Guthrum and the Danes who had repeatedly plundered the city for nearly a century. He built new streets and gates, and repaired the Roman walls, behind which the Danes later on left traces of their presence in the names of their saints, Magnus and Olaf. Winchester appears to have been Alfred's capital, but in his moving life he must have spent much time at London, though it was treated as belonging not to Wessex but to the dependent kingdom of Mercia. London Bridge was made into a keep closing the passage of the river Thames. [Leaders & Landmarks, Vol. II, pp. 14-24]

From the accession of Ethelbert in 860, to his death in 866, Alfred is without responsibility, except that of self-improvement. He is of weak health; but he leads no sedentary life. Alfred saw that, however excellent were books, there were other means of education; and thus he became, not only the great warrior and statesman, but the most practical improver of the people, elevating their knowledge and exciting their industry. He taught workers of gold and other artificers how best to labour in their crafts. He instructed his falconers,
hawkers, and dog-keepers. He built houses, majestic and good beyond all the precedents of his ancestors, by his new mechanical inventions. [Knight's Popular History of England, Vol. 1, pp. 90-150]

Had 2 sons and 4 daughters. [Knight's, Vol. 1, p. 131]

Reigned 871-99. 5th and youngest son of Aethelwulf whose fame was to resound through history like no English king before him; father of Edward the Elder. [Chronicle of the Royal Family, chart]

From an early age Alfred suffered from bouts of ill health. Speculation is that his malady(ies) were chronic hemmorhoids, epilepsy, or a venereal disease contracted before his marriage to Princess Ealhswith. [Chronicle of the Royal Family, p. 13]

Founded the University of Oxford and died there in 901; buried at Winchester. His wife was Elswitha, dau. of the earl of Mercia. [Falaise Roll, p. 187]

One of the greatest men in history. Crowned king at Winchester 871; founded the British Navy; organized the militia; compiled a code of laws; built schools and monasteries; invited scholars to live at his court; translator of several books himself. [Williams-Wolcott & Related Families, p. 159]

Alfred prevented the landing of one detachment of Danes in the Stour, but a second pirate fleet swept away his victorious ships and landed its men. On Edward's accession Ethelwald, the pretender to Alfred's throne, thought to make good his claim by Danish arms, fled to East Anglia and gathered a large army among them. [Victoria History of Suffolk, p. 164]

Alfred ascended to the throne in 871 at the age of 23. After a series of battles, he succeeded in liberating England from the Danes, Europe's most terrible warriors, who surrendered in 878 with a solemn oath to quit Wessex and accept baptism.
During the following years of peace, Alfred rebuilt cities, erected fortresses, trained militia, and encouraged the arts and learning. He reformed the administration of justice so effectively that "a purse of money, or a pair of golden bracelets might .... be exposed for weeks in a complete safety on the common highways." In a era of ignorance and barbarism, Alfred was an accomplished scholar and a zealous patron of learning. He translated many historical and philosophical works.
Both for what he did and for what he was, Alfred has become known to all generations of Englishmen as their best and greatest king.
On his death bed, he spoke this message; "This I can now most truly say, that I have sought to live worthily while I lived, and after my life to leave to men who come after me a remembering of me in a good works."
His five axioms were: 1. A wise God governs. 2. All suffering may be accounted blessings. 3. God is the chiefest good. 4. Only the good are happy. 5. The fore-knowledge of God does not conflict with man's free will.

King of England; son of Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, and Osburh; m. Ealhswith. [WFT Vol 1 Ped 986]

The Anglo-Saxon cause was at a low ebb when Alfred began his reign (871-901). At tone time he was a monarch on the run, hiding in the wild marshes at Athelney in Somerset, where he burned the famous cakes. Gradually, Alfred was able to push further east, moving his capital from Shaftesbury to Winchester
and drawing a line across England to contain the territorial ambitions of the Danelaw. Eventually, he moved the vulnerable Saxon settlement at Aldwych (old town) into the relative security of the walls of Roman Londinium.
Alfred deserved his title " the Great" as much for the arts of peace. His defensive townships were the major force in creating urban communities. In all, he founded some 25 towns. Notable alfredian fortifications survive at Wareham in Dorset, Wallingford in Oxfordshire and at Cricklade in Wiltshire. Alfred also studied Latin, promoted learning, established monasteries and convents and ordered the compilation of the historical record known as the ANGLO-SAXONCHRONICLE.
Alfred's reign saw the further consolidation of the English nation under the tutelage of Wessex, as commenced by Egbert (802-39), generally reckoned to be the first King of England. [Realm, Jan/Feb, 1997, No. 72, p. 57]

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 901. ¹⁴¹⁶

• Ruled: ²³⁰³ 871-899

Alfred married Elswitha Of Mercia, Queen Of GAINI ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3101 ^,3216 ^,3235 ^,3252 in 868 in Winchester, -, England ⁸³⁵ ^,1416 ^,1436 ^,3065.^,3216 Elswitha was born in 852 in Gaini, Mercia, England,^³⁰⁶⁵ died on 5 December 905 in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England ^{¹⁴¹⁶^,1784^,3216} at age 53, and was buried in Winchester, Dorset, England. Other names for Elswitha were Alswitha, Ealhswith, Ethelswitha, Ealswith Of The GAINI, and¹⁴³⁶ Alswitha Of MERCIA.

2059363445159. Elswitha Of Mercia, Queen Of GAINI,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3101 ^,3216 ^,3235 ^,3252 daughter of Aethelred II Mucil Earl Of MERCIA and Eadburh (Eadberg) FADBURN, was born in 852 in Gaini, Mercia, England,^³⁰⁶⁵ died on 5 December 905 in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England ^{¹⁴¹⁶^,1784^,3216} at age 53, and was buried in Winchester, Dorset, England. Other names for Elswitha were Alswitha, Ealhswith, Ethelswitha, Ealswith Of The GAINI, and¹⁴³⁶ Alswitha Of MERCIA.

Elswitha married Alfred "The Great" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND ⁷⁷⁹ ^,830 ^,835 ^,1062 ^,1065 ^,1513 ^,1601 ^,2303 ^,2720 ^,3216 ^,3233 ^,3234 ^,3235 ^,3236 ^,3237 ^,3238 ^,3239 ^,3240 ^,3241 ^,3242 ^,3243 ^,3244 ^,3245 ^,3246 ^,3247 ^,3248 ^,3249 ^,3250 ^,3251 in 868 in Winchester, -, England ⁸³⁵ ^,1416 ^,1436 ^,3065.^,3216 Alfred was born in 849 in Wantage, Berkshire, England,^{⁸³⁵^,1416^,1436^,3065^,3216} died on 26 October 899 in Winchester, Hampshire, England ^{⁸³⁵^,1436^,3065^,3216} at age 50, and was buried in 901 in Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, England. Another name for Alfred was Alfred The Great, King Of The WEST SAXONS.

2059363445216. Charles III "The Simple" King Of FRANCE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1447 ^,3089 son of Louis II "The Stammerer" King Of FRANKS and Adelaide Judith De PARIS, was born on 17 September 879 in France,^{³⁰⁸⁹^,3090} died on 7 October 929 in Peronne, Somme, Picardy, France ^{³⁰⁸⁹^,3090} at age 50, and was buried in St Fursi, Peronne.

General Notes:
King of France 893-922, known as "The Simple"

Gave his daughter, Gisella, to Rollo, the Viking, in order to stop the raids on the coast. Gave the coast to Rollo to protect. Rollo thus became the first Duke of Normandy.

SOURCES:
Charles III, King de France
(Andre Roux: Scrolls,191.)
(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 308.)
(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-37.)
(Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Page 387).

Also Known As: Charles "Le Simple". Born: on 17 Sep 879 in Clermont, Oise, France, son of Louis II, King de France and Adelaide=Adelheid de Paris . (Or was his mother Judith. If he was born posthumously it would have been by the second wife)

Note - between 893 and 929: Charles III was the posthumous son of Louis "Le Begue", and was crowned King in 893 by Fouques, Archbishop of Reims, with the full support of Odon's brother Robert, Richard of Burgundy, William of the Auvergne and Herbert of Vermandois. Baldwin (Baudouin) of Flanders made his submission later. He was a rival of the effective King, the Count Eudes who, upon Odon's death in 898, recognized Charles' rights. With the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911), Charles gave Normandy to the Viking Chief Rollo making him first Duke of Normandy, and pacifying the Seine Vikings. That year, 911, Charles also became King of Lotharingia, which may have been related in part to the fact that his first wife, Frederuna who bore him 6 daughters, was Lotharingian. He revived the title Rex Francorum. In 919, when Charles fought the Magyars, none of the nobles except for Heriveus, the Archbishop of Reims sent him any troops for assistance. In 920, Robert led a revolt against Charles.

Some Lotharingian nobles, led by Gilbert (Gislebert) son of Ragnar Longneck, declared their independence from Charles' authority. Gilbert invoked the aid of the new ruler of the East Franks, a Saxon known as Henry "the Fowler" ("l'Oiseleur"). Charles, after quelling the resistance of the Lotharingian Count Ricoin made a treaty with Henry at Bonn in 921. They met on equal terms as Rex Francorum Occidentalium (Charles) and Rex Francorum Orientalium (Henry). Charles was deposed in 922 by Herbert, Count of Vermandois upon the death of his main supporter, Richard of Burgundy. Charles and his favorite Hagano fled to hide in Lotharingia. During his absence, Robert was elected King and crowned by Walter, Archbishop of Sens under the nose of Heriveus who was on his deathbed (he died 3 days later). Charles met Robert in battle at Soissons on 15 June 923. Robert was killed, but the forces led by his son Hugh and by Herbert of Vermandois defeated the King's army and Charles retreated. On 13 July 923, a new King Ralph, the eldest son of Richard The Justiciar of Burgundy was elected King and anointed in the Church of St. Medard at Soissons by Walter, Archbishop of Sens.

Married between 905 and 929: N. concubines; Charles Le Simple had several concubines throughout his adulthood.
Married in Apr 907: Frederune de Lotharingie, daughter of Dietrich, Count de Lotharingie ; Charles III Le Simple had 6 daughters with Frederune, his first wife.
Married in 917: Eadgifu=Ogive=Hadwige, Princess of England, daughter of Edward I, King of England and Eadgifu=Edgiva of Kent.

Died: on 7 Oct 929 in Peronne, Somme, France, at age 50 Charles was murdered while in captivity at the Tower of Peronne on 7-Oct-929. Charles III is buried at Saint Fursy.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 898-923

Charles married Frédérune HAMALANT, daughter of Dietrich Count Of HAMALAND and Unknown, about April 907 in 2ND Wife. Frédérune was born about 886 in Hamaland, Netherlands and died from 10 February 916 to 917 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France about age 30.

Charles next married Queen Of Franks Eadgifu Princess Of ENGLAND ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2910 in 918 in 3rd Wife ³⁰⁹⁰.^,3097 Eadgifu was born in 904 in Wessex, England ^²³²¹ and died in 951 ^{³⁰⁹⁰^,3097} at age 47. Other names for Eadgifu were Eadgifu, Edgiva, and Ogive Des ANGLOS-SAXONS.

2059363445217. Queen Of Franks Eadgifu Princess Of ENGLAND,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1447 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2910 daughter of Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND and Aelflaed (Aelfflaed) Of WILTSHIRE, was born in 904 in Wessex, England ^²³²¹ and died in 951 ^{³⁰⁹⁰^,3097} at age 47. Other names for Eadgifu were Eadgifu, Edgiva, and Ogive Des ANGLOS-SAXONS.

Eadgifu married Charles III "The Simple" King Of FRANCE ³⁰⁸⁹ in 918 in 3rd Wife ³⁰⁹⁰.^,3097 Charles was born on 17 September 879 in France,^{³⁰⁸⁹^,3090} died on 7 October 929 in Peronne, Somme, Picardy, France ^{³⁰⁸⁹^,3090} at age 50, and was buried in St Fursi, Peronne.

Eadgifu next married Count Of Tours Herbert De VERMANDOIS,¹⁶⁰¹ son of Herbert II Count Of Troyes & VERMANDOIS and Liegarde (Hildebrand) Princess Of FRANCE, in 951 in St. Quentin, -, France.²³²¹ Herbert was born about 911 in Of, Vermandois, Neustria, died on 28 December 993 about age 82, and was buried in Abbaye DE Lagny, France.

2059363448464. Gainfroi Count Of SENS,¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,3331 son of Mainier Count Of SENS Duke Of Austrasia and Daughter Of Duke HAUDRE, was born about 770 in Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne, France.

Gainfroi married Theidlindis Of BLOIS.³³³¹ Theidlindis was born about 775 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, Orleanais/Centre, France and died after 795 ^¹⁷⁸⁴.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681724232 i. Giselbert I Count Of MAASGAU (born after 795 in Maasgau, Meuse Valley, Austrasia Now Belgium - died in 842)

2059363448465. Theidlindis Of BLOIS,³³³¹ daughter of Aubri II Count Of BLOIS and Unknown, was born about 775 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, Orleanais/Centre, France and died after 795 ^¹⁷⁸⁴.

Theidlindis married Gainfroi Count Of SENS ¹⁷⁸⁴.^,3331 Gainfroi was born about 770 in Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne, France.

2059363448468. Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3119 ^,3120 ^,3121 ^,3122 ^,3123 ^,3124 son of King Of The Franks Charlemagne Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Countess Of Vinzgau Hildegard Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in August 778 in Chasseneuil, Lot-Et-Garonne Near Poitiers, Aquitaine, France,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3120^,3124} died on 20 June 840 in Petersaue, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany ^{²³²³^,3120^,3124^,3125} at age 61, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^³¹²⁶ Other names for Louis were Louis I The Fair, Ludwig Den Fromme, Louis I De FRANCE,³¹²⁰ Louis I King Of FRANCE, Louis I The Pious Of Aquitaine, King Of FRANCE,¹⁴³⁶ Louis I, King Of The LOMBARDS, Louis I Le Pieux Carolingien, and Em;Ereur D' OCCIDENT.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 814-840.

Louis next married Various CONCUBINE(S).

2059363448469. Ermengarde De HESBAYE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3122 ^,3124 daughter of Ingeramne Duke Of HESBAYE and Mrs-Ingeramme Duchess Of HESBAYE, was born in 778 in Hesbaye, Liege, Belgium and died on 3 October 818 in Angers, Maine-Et-Loire, Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France ^{³¹²⁰^,3124^,3127} at age 40. Other names for Ermengarde were Ermengarde, Ermengard Av HASPENGAU, Yrmingard Av HASPENGAU, and Irmengard Of HESBAIN.¹⁴³⁶

Ermengarde married Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,3124 in 794 in France ¹⁴³⁶ ^,3127.^,3128 Louis was born in August 778 in Chasseneuil, Lot-Et-Garonne Near Poitiers, Aquitaine, France,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3120^,3124} died on 20 June 840 in Petersaue, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany ^{²³²³^,3120^,3124^,3125} at age 61, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^³¹²⁶ Other names for Louis were Louis I The Fair, Ludwig Den Fromme, Louis I De FRANCE,³¹²⁰ Louis I King Of FRANCE, Louis I The Pious Of Aquitaine, King Of FRANCE,¹⁴³⁶ Louis I, King Of The LOMBARDS, Louis I Le Pieux Carolingien, and Em;Ereur D' OCCIDENT.

2059363448470. Hugues III Count Of Upper ALSACE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2323 ^,2768 ^,2769 son of Luitfride II Count Of Upper ALSACE and Hiltrude Countess Of Upper ALSACE, was born in 765 in Upper, Alsace, France and died on 4 November 839 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^{²⁷⁷⁰^,2771} at age 74. Other names for Hugues were Huges, Hugh, Hugh III Of ALSACE, Hugh II Comte De TOURS, Hugh The Magnificent, Count Of TOURS, Hughs III Of TOURS, Hugo, Count Of TOURS, Hugo, and Greve Av TOURS.

Hugues married Ava Countess Of Upper ALSACE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784.^,2770 Ava was born about 779 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France and died in 860 about age 81. Other names for Ava were Aba, Ada, Bara, and Bava.

2059363448471. Ava Countess Of Upper ALSACE ⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2770 was born about 779 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France and died in 860 about age 81. Other names for Ava were Aba, Ada, Bara, and Bava.

Ava married Hugues III Count Of Upper ALSACE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784.^,2769 Hugues was born in 765 in Upper, Alsace, France and died on 4 November 839 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^{²⁷⁷⁰^,2771} at age 74. Other names for Hugues were Huges, Hugh, Hugh III Of ALSACE, Hugh II Comte De TOURS, Hugh The Magnificent, Count Of TOURS, Hughs III Of TOURS, Hugo, Count Of TOURS, Hugo, and Greve Av TOURS.

2059363448476. Eberhard Count Of PARIS,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1784 ^,3085 son of Begue I Count Of PARIS and Aupais Of FRANCE, was born about 800 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France and died before 832 in Logenahe, Germany. Other names for Eberhard were Everhard (Eberhardus) Count Of LOGENAHE, and Eberharus Count Of LOGENHAE.

General Notes: Most people have Eberhardus b. 816-818, but I believe he was born well before then (probably 816-818 is when he succeeded to his father, who d. 816). As father of Bego Count of Paris, he would have been born probably by 800. In fact he could be the son of the first wife of Begue Count of Paris, which would avoid a consanguinity problem for his son Bego, who married his 1st cousin Alpaide of France.

Although Ancestral Roots does not name a father of Gebhard Count of Logenahe from 832-860, it appears probable that Everhard is the father, in which case he died 832, when his son succeeded him.

Eberhard married.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Gebhard Count Of LOGENAHE was born about 820 in Logenahe, Germany and died in 860 ^³²⁷¹ about age 40.

1029681724238 ii. Bego (Beggo\Beggen) II Count Of PARIS (born about 822 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France - died after 23 April 861)

2059363448478. Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3119 ^,3120 ^,3121 ^,3122 ^,3123 ^,3124 son of King Of The Franks Charlemagne Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Countess Of Vinzgau Hildegard Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in August 778 in Chasseneuil, Lot-Et-Garonne Near Poitiers, Aquitaine, France,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3120^,3124} died on 20 June 840 in Petersaue, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany ^{²³²³^,3120^,3124^,3125} at age 61, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.^³¹²⁶ Other names for Louis were Louis I The Fair, Ludwig Den Fromme, Louis I De FRANCE,³¹²⁰ Louis I King Of FRANCE, Louis I The Pious Of Aquitaine, King Of FRANCE,¹⁴³⁶ Louis I, King Of The LOMBARDS, Louis I Le Pieux Carolingien, and Em;Ereur D' OCCIDENT.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 814-840.

Louis next married Various CONCUBINE(S).

2059363448479. Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Judith Altdorf The Fair, Princess Of BAVARIA,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3119 ^,3121 ^,3124 daughter of Welf (Guelph) III Duke Of BAVARIA and Edith (Eigilwich\Heilwig\Hedwig) Of SAXONY, was born in 800 in Altdorf, Bavaria and died on 19 April 843 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,1784^,2323^,3120^,3127} at age 43. Other names for Judith were Judith Von ALTDORF, Judith Von ALTORF, Judith Of ALTORP, Judith Of Bavaria, and Abbess Of CHALLES.

2059363448480. Eberhard I Count Of LOWER-ALSACE,²⁷⁵⁵ son of Alberic Count Of LOWER-ALSACE and Unknown, was born before 736 in Alsace, France. Another name for Eberhard was Eberhard I Count Of NORDGAU.

Eberhard married Elisabeth De LUNEVILLE.²⁷⁵⁵ Elisabeth was born about 750 in Luneville, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France and died in 777 ^²⁷⁵⁵ about age 27.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681724240 i. Eberhard II Count Of LOWER-ALSACE (born before 777 in Alsace, France - died in 864)

2059363448481. Elisabeth De LUNEVILLE ²⁷⁵⁵ was born about 750 in Luneville, Meurthe-Et-Moselle, Lorraine, France and died in 777 ^²⁷⁵⁵ about age 27.

Elisabeth married Eberhard I Count Of LOWER-ALSACE.²⁷⁵⁵ Eberhard was born before 736 in Alsace, France. Another name for Eberhard was Eberhard I Count Of NORDGAU.

2059363448496. Adalhard I Count Von METZ,²⁷⁵⁵ son of Leuthard Von FEZENSAC and Grimhild, was born about 800 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France and died in 841 ^²⁷⁵⁵ about age 41.

Adalhard married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681724248 i. Adalbert II (Adalhard) Count Von METZ (born about 835 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France - died after 882)

2059363448498. Matfried II Count Von EIFELGAU, son of Matfried I Count Von EIFELGAU and Unknown, was born about 820 in Eifel, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany and died after 882.

Matfried married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681724249 i. Miss Von EIFELGAU (born about 845 in Eifel, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)

2059363448504. Arnoul III Comte De CHAUMONOIS,²⁵³⁹ son of Agnarald Comte De CHAUMONOIS and Unknown, was born about 760 in Chaumont, Haute-Marne, Champagne, France and died after 830 ^²⁵³⁹.

Arnoul married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681724252 i. Rainier Comte De SAUNDIS (born about 810 in Chaumont, Haute-Marne, Champagne, France - died in Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France)

2059363448512. Odo (Eudes) I Comte D' ORLEANS,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3135 ^,3231 son of Hadrian Lord Of WORMSGAU and Waldrat Of HORNBACH, was born in 798 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France ^³¹³⁵ and died in 834 ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,3133} at age 36. Other names for Odo were Udo, Vodon, and Udo Count Of LAHNGAU.

2059363448513. Countess Of Orleans INGELTRUDE,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3135 ^,3231 daughter of Leutaud I Count Of PARIS and Unknown, was born about 805 in Of, Orleans, Loiret, France. Another name for Countess was Eva.

2059363448514. Conte Unroch (Hunroch) I Margrave Of FRIULI,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3117 son of Berenger Of FRIULI and Unknown, was born about 780 in Friuli, Italy and died before 854 ^¹⁷⁸⁴.

Unroch married Engeltron Of PARIS.³¹¹⁷ Engeltron was born about 786 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France.

2059363448515. Engeltron Of PARIS,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,3117 daughter of Begue I Count Of PARIS and Aupais Of FRANCE, was born about 786 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France.

Engeltron married Conte Unroch (Hunroch) I Margrave Of FRIULI ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784.^,3117 Unroch was born about 780 in Friuli, Italy and died before 854 ^¹⁷⁸⁴.

2059363448540. Count In South Thuringia Otto "The Illustrious" Duke Of SAXONY,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2550 ^,2551 son of Ludolph Duke Of SAXONY and Oda Billung Of THURINGIA, was born about 836 in Saxony, Germany ^²⁵⁵⁰ and died on 30 November 912 ^{²⁵⁵⁰^,2552} about age 76. Other names for Otto were Otto Of ERLAUCHTEN, Otto Von ERLAUCHTEN, Otton I L'illustre, Herzog Von SACHSEN, and Otto Le Grand Of SAXONY.

General Notes:
Otto, the Illustrious, b. c836, d. 30 Nov 912, Duke of Saxony; m. Hedwig, d. 24 Dec 903. ('Charlemagne & His World (Heer), p. 226, shows Otto's wife as dau. (illeg.) of Arnulf, King of Germany, Emperor c863-99, & Oda of Bavaria; Arnulf was son of Carolman, King of Bavaria (c828-80) & Litwinde; Carloman was son of Louis II "the German", King of the East Franks (c805-76) and Emma of Bavaria. Louis was son of Louis I "the Fair". See Brandenburg for Arnulf's ancestry, however, Brandenburg shows no such daughter for Arnulf. Isenburg shows Hedwig as daughter of Henri, Comte de la Marche. Moriarty says Hedwig d. 24 Dec 903, does not identify parents.).

Otto may NOT have married both wives, as they appear to be two different alternative wives with different ancestry. But I followed the Hadwig von Babenberg line from Bernd Josef Jansen, World Connect db=bernd-jansen, so I am making her the 1st wife, and Hedwig of Germany as the 2nd wife.

Note: Peter Stewart, in criticizing the accuracy of Stuart's 'Royal for Commoners' points out that RFC names him Otto of Erlauchten (as if it is a place), whereas his name is Otto I "der Erlauchte" (German for "Illustrious").

Otto married Hathui Duchess Of SAXONY ¹⁶⁰¹ in 869 in <Of, , , Saxony>. Hathui was born in 855 in Of, , , Saxony and died in 906 at age 51.

Otto next married Empress Hedwige HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2550 ^,2553 after 876 in 2ND Wife ? ²³¹⁸.^,2553 Hedwige was born in 856 in , , Germany ^²⁵⁵³ and died on 24 December 903 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2550^,2553^,2554} at age 47. Other names for Hedwige were Hadui, Haduich, Hadwig, Hudui, Hadui Von FRANKENAU, Edwige De La MARCHE, Hathui, Duchess Of SAXONY, and Hathumoda Princess Of SAXONY.

Otto next married Hedwig Princess Of GERMANY,²⁵⁵⁰ daughter of Unknown and Unknown, after 876 in 2ND Wife ?. Hedwig was born about 860 in Germany and died on 24 December 903 ^²⁵⁵⁰ about age 43. Another name for Hedwig was Hathumoda Princess Of SAXONY.

2059363448541. Empress Hedwige HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2550 ^,2553 ^,2555 ^,2556 daughter of Heinrich Of Thuringia, King Of AUSTRASIA Margrave In Friesland and Judith (Ingeltrude) Of FRIULI, was born in 856 in , , Germany ^²⁵⁵³ and died on 24 December 903 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2550^,2553^,2554} at age 47. Other names for Hedwige were Hadui, Haduich, Hadwig, Hudui, Hadui Von FRANKENAU, Edwige De La MARCHE, Hathui, Duchess Of SAXONY, and Hathumoda Princess Of SAXONY.

Hedwige married Count In South Thuringia Otto "The Illustrious" Duke Of SAXONY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2550 ^,2551 after 876 in 2ND Wife ? ²³¹⁸.^,2553 Otto was born about 836 in Saxony, Germany ^²⁵⁵⁰ and died on 30 November 912 ^{²⁵⁵⁰^,2552} about age 76. Other names for Otto were Otto Of ERLAUCHTEN, Otto Von ERLAUCHTEN, Otton I L'illustre, Herzog Von SACHSEN, and Otto Le Grand Of SAXONY.

2059363467264. Ceidio Ap CORF,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 son of Corf Ap Caenog and Unknown, was born about 830 in Powys, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Ceidio married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733632 i. Lles "Llawddeog" Ap Ceidio CEIDIO (born about 855 in Powys, Wales)

2059363467280. Anwn DYNOD ⁵⁰⁵ was born about 820 in Britain.

Anwn married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733640 i. Ednyfed Ap ANWN Of Dyfed (born about 845 in Dyfed, Wales)

2059363467328. Merfyn "Frych" Ap GWRIAD King Of Powys,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 ^,1386 son of Gwriad Ap Elidir and Nest Ferch Cadell, was born in 764 in Wales ^¹⁰³⁴ and died in 843 in Battle Of Cyfeil, Ketell, Wales ^{¹⁰³⁴^,1386} at age 79.

Merfyn married Esyllt Verch CYNAN.¹⁰³⁴ Esyllt was born about 768 in Caer Seiont, Carnarvonshire, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733664 i. Rhodri Mawr "The Great" Ap MERFYN King Gwynedd (born in 789 in Caer Seiont, Carnarvonshire, Wales - died in 878 in Anglesey, Wales)

2059363467329. Esyllt Verch CYNAN,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 daughter of Cynan "Dindaethwy" Ap Rhodri and Cynan Ap Rhodri, was born about 768 in Caer Seiont, Carnarvonshire, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Esyllt married Merfyn "Frych" Ap GWRIAD King Of Powys ¹⁰³⁴.^,1386 Merfyn was born in 764 in Wales ^¹⁰³⁴ and died in 843 in Battle Of Cyfeil, Ketell, Wales ^{¹⁰³⁴^,1386} at age 79.

2059363467330. Meurig Ap DYFNWALLON,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 son of Dyfnwallon Ap Arthen and Dyfnwallon Ap Arthen, was born in 780 in Ceredigion, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Meurig married Meurig Ap Dyfnwallon.¹⁰³⁴ Meurig was born about 784 in Ceredigion, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733665 i. Angharad Verch MEURIG (born in 825 in Ceredigion, Wales)

2059363467331. Meurig Ap Dyfnwallon ¹⁰³⁴ was born about 784 in Ceredigion, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Meurig married Meurig Ap DYFNWALLON.¹⁰³⁴ Meurig was born in 780 in Ceredigion, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

2059363467336. Bleiddig BLEDRI ⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 was born in 790 in Dyfed, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

General Notes:
Low-born Bledrig's son assumed the throne because of his mother, Owain's only issue and heir.

Bleiddig married Tangwystl Verch OWAIN Princess Of Dyfed.¹⁰³⁴ Tangwystl was born in 794 in Dyfed, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733668 i. Hyfaidd Ap BLEIDDIG King Of Dyfed (born in 820 in Dyfed, Wales - died in 893)

2059363467337. Tangwystl Verch OWAIN Princess Of Dyfed,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 daughter of Owain Ap Maredudd and Unknown, was born in 794 in Dyfed, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Tangwystl married Bleiddig BLEDRI.¹⁰³⁴ Bleiddig was born in 790 in Dyfed, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

2059363467584. Gwrysnad Ap Dwywg,¹⁰³⁴ son of Dwywg "Lyth" Ap Tegog and Unknown, was born about 760 in North Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Gwrysnad married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733792 i. Elgudy Ap Gwrysnad (born about 802 in North Wales)

2059363467648. Cynwrig Ap Cynddelw,¹⁰³⁴ son of Cynddelw "Gam" Ap Elgudy and Unknown, was born about 886 in North Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Cynwrig married.

Cynwrig next married.

2059363467716. Brochwel Ap Bledrus,¹⁰³⁴ son of Bledrus "Y Moelyn" Ap Aelan and Unknown, was born about 1017 in Anglesey, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Brochwel married.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Angharad Ferch Brochwel was born about 1067 in Anglesey, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Brochwel next married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681733858 i. Hwfa Ap Brochwel (born about 1045 in Anglesey, Wales)

2059363467776. Cadwr Ap CADWR,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 son of Cadwr "Wenwyn" Ab IDNERTH and Unknown, was born in 857 in Powys, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Cadwr married.

Cadwr next married.

2059363467778. Morgan "Mawr" ("Hen") Ap Owain,¹⁰³⁴ son of Owain Ap Hywel and Nest Verch RHODRI, was born about 898 in Morgannwg Gwlad, Wales ^¹⁰³⁴ and died in 974 ^¹⁰³⁴ about age 76.

Morgan married Lleucu Ferch Enflew.¹⁰³⁴ Lleucu was born about 900 in Powys, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Children from this marriage were:

1029681733889 i. Lleucu Ferch Morgan (born about 919 in Morgannwg Gwlad, Wales)

ii. Idwallon Ap Morgan was born about 930 in Morgannwg Gwlad, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

2059363467779. Lleucu Ferch Enflew,¹⁰³⁴ daughter of Enflew Ap Cynfelyn and Adwent Ferch Eliffer, was born about 900 in Powys, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Lleucu married Morgan "Mawr" ("Hen") Ap Owain.¹⁰³⁴ Morgan was born about 898 in Morgannwg Gwlad, Wales ^¹⁰³⁴ and died in 974 ^¹⁰³⁴ about age 76.

2059363468448. Corc Na MUNSTER ⁴¹⁵ was born about 820 in Clare, Munster, Ireland.

Corc married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681734224 i. Lachtnae Na MUNSTER (born about 850 in Grinan, Munster, Ireland)

2059363468456. Moenach Na CONNACHT ⁴¹⁵ was born about 820 in Connaught, Ireland.

Moenach married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681734228 i. Murrough O'FLAHERTY (born about 850 in Connaught, Ireland - died in 896)

2059363468482. William De WARENNE 6th Earl Of Surrey,⁴¹⁵ ^,965 ^,966 son of Hamelin PLANTAGENET 5th Earl Of Surrey and Isabel De WARENNE 4th Countess Of Surrey, was born after 1165 in Lewes, Sussex, England,^⁹⁶⁷ died on 27 May 1240 in London, Middlesex, England ^{⁹⁶⁶^,968}, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. Another name for William was 06th Earl Of SURREY William De Warenne.

General Notes: William de Warenne, Named in the Magna Charta 1215, 6th Earl of Surrey, d. London 27 May 1240, son of Hamelin (bastard son of Geoffrey Plantagenet) and Isabella de Warenne; m. (2) before 13 Oct 1225 Maud Marshal. [Magna Charta Sureties]

-------------------------------------------------------

William de Warren (Plantagenet), Earl of Warren and Surrey, sided at the commencement of the contest between King John and the barons and for a long time thereafter with his royal kinsman, but eventually joined the banner of Lewis of France. On the death of King John, however, he returned to his allegiance and swore fealty to King Henry III, at the solemn nuptials of which monarch he had the honour of serving the king, at the banquet, with his royal cup in the Earl of Arundel's stead, who, being in minority, could not perform that office as he had not been girt with the sword of knighthood. His lordship m. 1st, Lady Maud de Albini, dau. of the Earl of Arundel, but by her ladyship had no issue. He m. 2ndly, Maud, dau., of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, and widow of Hugh Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, by whom he had John, his successor, and Isabel. He d. in 1240, and was s. by his son, John de Warren (Plantagenet), Earl of Warren and Surrey. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

EARLDOM OF SURREY (VI) 1202

WILLIAM (DE WARENNE), EARL OF SURREY, son and heir. On 12 May 1202 the King advised his father's tenants that he had taken his homage. On 19 April 1205 he had a grant of Grantham and Stamford, Lincs, to compensate him for the loss of his lands in Normandy. In 1206 he owed 100 marks for an advance made to him in Poitou, and 100 marks for robes provided for him there. On 30 November 1206 he was directed to escort the King of Scots to York. On 20 August 1212 the custody of the castles of Bamburgh and Newcastle-on-Tyne was committed to him and 2 others. In May 1213 he was with the King at Dover, and was a party to John's submission to the Pope and resignation of his crown. In January 1214/5 he was among those who came to London with the Archbishop to discuss grievances, but on 10 May 1215 he was security for the King in his promise of concessions to the barons. On 24 May 1215 he took part with the barons in the seizure of London; and on 15 June at Runnymede was one of those who advised the King to grant Magna Carta; and he afterwards swore to observe the mandates of the 25 barons. On 16 May 1216 he was appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports; but soon afterwards he joined Louis of France. On 22 June 1217, however, he had renewed his fealty to the King and on 24 August took part in the naval battle in which Eustace the Monk was defeated and slain. In 1217 he was sheriff of Surrey. In February 1217/8 there was a dispute pending between the Earl and Engelard de Cigoigny as to the county of Surrey. In 1220 he was appointed to meet the King of Scots at Berwick after Whitsun, and in 1221 was granted the scutage of Biham. In February 1222/3 he was on pilgrimage to St. James (Santiago), in October 1223 was in North Wales, and in November on pilgrimage to St. John. In August 1224 he was with the King at Bedford. On 5 April 1225 he had ceased to hold the castle of Hastings. On 30 June he was warned that he must observe the King's liberties. In 1227 he joined the Earl of Cornwall at Stamford in his revolt against the King; but at Christmas he was with the King at York. In 1229 he was about to make a voyage on the King's service. In June 1230 he was taking an assize of arms in Sussex, and in July was warden of the ports and seacoast of Suffolk, Essex and Norfolk; and in the same year he was appointed a justiciar of England. In August 1231 he was in Wales. In February 1231/2 he was called to the Council to treat on matters concerning Llewelin, prince of Aberfraw; and in the same year was one of the four Earls appointed to keep Hubert de Burgh in custody at Devizes Castle. In June 1234 he, with another, was granted the castles of Bramber and Knapp. At the Coronation of Queen Eleanor at Westminster, 20 January 1235/6, he acted as Butler in place of his son-in-law, the Earl of Arundel (i); and he claimed unsuccessfully to carry one of the Swords. In 1237 he joined the King's council, and in 1238 was sent to Oxford to compose the quarrel between the scholars and the Romans who had accompanied the Legate. He was reprimanded by Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, for having had mass celebrated in his hall at Grantham though it was unconsecrated. He married, 1stly, Maud (m). He married, 2ndly, before 13 October 1225, Maud, widow of Hugh (BIGOD), EARL OF NORFOLK, daughter and (after the death s.p. of her 5 brothers) coheir of William (MARSHAL), 4th EARL OF PEMBROKE, by Isabel, daughter and (after her brother's death in childhood) heir of Richard (FITZGILBERT), 2nd EARL OF PEMBROKE. He died 27 May 1240 in London and was buried before the high altar in Lewes Priory. Maud died between 1 and 7 April 1248. [Complete Peerage XII/1:500-03, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

(i) Arundel had been excommunicated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, because when the archbishop hunted in the Earl's forest in Sussex, the Earl had taken his dogs.

(m) She is alleged to have been daughter of an Earl of Arundel, to have d. 6 Feb 1215/6 and to have been buried in the chapter-house of Lewes Priory. The date 6 Feb. (no year) as the date of death of a Maud, Countess de Warenne, is confirmed by an Obit in the Beauchief Abbey Register.

Noted events in his life were:

• Bullet: named in MAGNA CHARTA, King John advisor, 1215.

William married Maud D' AUBIGNY,¹²⁷⁷ ^,3333 daughter of William D' AUBIGNY 2nd Earl Of Arundel and Maud De ST. HILARY, in 1st Wife.³³³² Maud was born about 1178 in Arundel, Sussex, England and died from 6 February 1215 to 1216 in Chapter House, Lewes Priory, Sussex, England ^¹²⁷⁷ about age 37.

William next married Maud MARSHAL ⁹⁵⁴ ^,957 ^,958 before 13 October 1225 in 2ND Husband 2ND Wife ⁹⁶⁵.^,966 Maud was born about 1192 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales ^⁹⁵⁵ and died on 27 March 1248 in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthsire, England ^⁹⁵⁹ about age 56. Another name for Maud was Maud MARSHALL.

2059363468483. Maud MARSHAL,⁴¹⁵ ^,954 ^,957 ^,958 daughter of William The Protector MARSHAL 4th Earl Of Pembroke and Isabel De CLARE Countess Of Pembroke, was born about 1192 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales ^⁹⁵⁵ and died on 27 March 1248 in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthsire, England ^⁹⁵⁹ about age 56. Another name for Maud was Maud MARSHALL.

General Notes: Maud Marshall, died 27 March 1248, daughter and eventual coheiress of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, by his wife Isabel de Clare, Countess of Pembroke. [Magna Charta Sureties]

---------------------------

He [William de Warenne] married, 1stly, Maud. He married, 2ndly, before 13 October 1225, Maud, widow of Hugh (BIGOD), EARL OF NORFOLK, daughter and (after the death s.p. of her 5 brothers) coheir of William (MARSHAL), 4th EARL OF PEMBROKE, by Isabel, daughter and (after her brother's death in childhood) heir of Richard (FITZGILBERT), 2nd EARL OF PEMBROKE. He died 27 May 1240 in London and was buried before the high altar in Lewes Priory. Maud died between 1 and 7 April 1248. [Complete Peerage XII/1:500-03, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

---------------------------

Maud Marshal m. 1st to Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk; 2ndly, to William de Warren, Earl of Surrey; and 3rdly, to Walde de Dunstanville. This lady, upon the decease of her youngest brother, Anselm, Earl of Pembroke, s. p., in 1245, and the division of the estates, obtained as her share the manor of Hempsted-Marshall, in Berks, with the office of marshal of England, which was inherited by her son Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, and surrendered to the crown by her grandson, Rogert Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk. Maud, Countess of Norfolk, had likewise the manors of Chepstow and Carlogh. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 358, Marshal, Earls of Pembroke]

Maud married Hugh BIGOD 3rd Earl Of Norfolk, Mcs,⁷¹¹ ^,953 ^,954 son of Roger BIGOD 2nd Earl Of Norfolk, Mcs and Lady Ida De TOENI, in 1207 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales.⁹⁵⁶ Hugh was born about 1178 in Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England,^⁹⁵⁵ died BET 11 AND 18 FEB 1224/25 in Thetford, Norfolk, England ^⁹⁵⁶, and was buried in Thetford Church, Norfolk, England.

Noted events in his life were:

• Bullet: MAGNA CHARTA SURETY, 1215.

Maud next married William De WARENNE 6th Earl Of Surrey ⁹⁶⁵ ^,966 before 13 October 1225 in 2ND Husband 2ND Wife ⁹⁶⁵.^,966 William was born after 1165 in Lewes, Sussex, England,^⁹⁶⁷ died on 27 May 1240 in London, Middlesex, England ^{⁹⁶⁶^,968}, and was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. Another name for William was 06th Earl Of SURREY William De Warenne.

2059363468776. Idnerth Ab IORWERTH,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1034 son of Iorwerth "Hirflawdd" Ap Tegonwy and Arianwen Ferch Brychan, was born in 802 in Powys, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Idnerth married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681734388 i. Cadwr "Wenwyn" Ab IDNERTH (born in 830 in Powys, Wales)

2059363468800. Cynog "Mawr" Ap Iorwerth,¹⁰³⁴ son of Iorwerth "Hirflawdd" Ap Tegonwy and Arianwen Ferch Brychan, was born about 800 in Powys, Wales.^¹⁰³⁴

Cynog married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681734400 i. Bledrus Ap Cynog (born about 830 in Powys, Wales)

2059363474432. Robert II CHRODOBERTUS,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 son of Lamtbertus I LAMBERT and Mrs LAMBERT, was born about 695 in Neustria.

Robert married Doda (Mrs.) ROBERT ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Neustria>. Doda was born about 695 in Neustria and died in Y.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681737216 i. Duke Rupert (Robert) I WORMSGAU (born about 720 in <Neustria> - died about 764)

2059363474433. Doda (Mrs.) ROBERT ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 was born about 695 in Neustria and died in Y.

Doda married Robert II CHRODOBERTUS ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Neustria>. Robert was born about 695 in Neustria.

2059363474448. Pepin II Mayor Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3334 ^,3335 ^,3336 son of Ansigisen Mayor Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA and St. Beggue Of Landen Beggue AUSTRASIA, was born in 635 in Heristal, Liege, Belgium and died on 16 December 714 in Junille, Meuse, France ^{³³³⁴^,3335^,3337} at age 79. Another name for Pepin was Pepin Of HERSTAL.

General Notes:
Pepin of Heristal, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia, d. 714; by concubine, Aupais, he was father of Charles Martel. [Ancestral Roots]

--------------------------

Carolingian mayor of the palace, who reunited the Frankish realms in the late Merovingian period. A grandson of Pepin the Elder, he succeeded to his position in the kingdom of Austrasia around 680. In 687 he extended Carolingian rule to the other Frankish kingdoms, Neustria and Burgundy, but retained members of the Merovingian dynasty as figurehead monarchs in all three. Two years later he extended his control over the Frisians, a pagan people living on the North Sea coast. Pepin's death was followed by a civil war and the succession of his illegitimate son Charles Martel.

SOURCES:
Pepin II d'Heristal (Andre Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, 191.)

(Paul Auge, Nouveau Larousse Universel (13 a 21 Rue Montparnasse et Boulevard Raspail 114: Librairie Larousse, 1948).)

(Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), Page 129, Line 171-44.)

(Alain Decaux Andre Castelot, Marcel Jullian et J. Levron, Histoire de La France et des Francais au Jour le Jour (Librairie Academique Perrin, 1976), Tome 1, Page 369).

Born: circa 635 in Liege, Luik, Liege, Belgium, son of Ansegis=Ansegisus, Duke d'Austrasie and Sainte Begge=Begga de Landen . Note - between 679 and 714: The services of the Palace were ensured by the Greats [nobles] , known as "Optimates", frequently brought up at a very young age within the King's entourage. Because the Canerarii's task was to watch over the King's chamber and the precious treasure kept in it, it was logical that he should be given financial attributes. Since the eldest officer was the seneschal [senescallus] he was given the task of overseeing the army. The Comes Stabuli' job was to watch over the King's stables. There were others based on various tasks. The most singular office was that of Major Domus, frequently called Mayor of the Palace. Originally, this was only an attendant whose job was to maintain appropriate levels of stocks and supplies, and to coordinate the activities of other personnel in the King's palace. In early 679, Dagobert II, who had returned form an exile in Ireland, attempted to govern Austrasia with the help of his Mayor of the Palace, Goufaud. The Greats prefer Pepin II, grand-son of Pepin de Landen. By the end of 679, Dagobert II is killed in a hunting "accident". Pepin II was the Mayor-of-the-Palace of Austrasie from 679 to 714. In 680, Ebroin and Thierry III of Neustria fight and force Pepin II to flee at Leucofao, near Bois-du-Fay in the Ardennes. When Pepin II recognizes Thierry III as the only King of Gaule, the war between the two is suspended for about 3 years. At Tertry three leagues from Saint-Quentin, Pepin II fought and beat Thierri III, King of Neustrie and in 687 took that kingdom. It is at that time that he begins to be known as Pepin de Herstal or d'Heristal. It is also clear that by that time, the office of Major Domus had become essentially hereditary and that it grew in power as that of the King's declined. Pepin II directed a number of expeditions against the Frisons [defeating Duke Radbod in 689 and sending them Willibrod to convert them to Christianity] , the Alamanians [whom he defeats near Lake Constance in 690] and the Bavarois [who submitted to Pepin II in 691] . When Norbert, Mayor of Neustria and of Burgundy died [whom Pepin II had designated in 688] , circa 700, Pepin installed his own son, Grimoald=Grimaud. Married before 685: Plectrud d'Echternach, daughter of Hugobert=Humbert d'Echternach and Irmina. Married before 686: Aupais=Alpaide. Historians recognize Alpais as Pepin II's one concubine, which seems rather modest for a personage of his status at that time. Died: on 16 Dec 714 in Jupile-sur-Meuse, Belgium.

Pepin married Concubine Of Austrasia MRS-PEPIN ¹⁶⁰¹ in Not Married. Concubine was born in <Of, Heristal, Austrasia> and died in Y.

Pepin next married Concubine 1 Alpaide AUSTRASIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3335 about 675 in Not Married. Alpaide was born about 654 in Of, Heristal, Austrasia and died after 689 in Orp-Le-Grand-Monast, Brabant, Vosges, France.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681737226 i. Charles MARTEL Mayor Of The Palace Of Austrasia (born in 676 in Of, Heristal, , Neustria - died on 15 October 741 in Cressy Sur Oise, Neustria)

1029681737224 ii. Childebrand "De Heristal" AUSTRASIA (born about 678 in Heristal, Liege, Belgium - died in 751)

Pepin next married Plectrude Princess Of BAVARIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2539 ^,3272 on 13 May 706 in , , , Belgium. Plectrude was born about 655 in <Of, Heristal, Austrasia>.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Dreux D'heristal Count Of CHAMPAGNE was born about 670 in Heristal, Liege, Belgium and died in 708 in Champagne, France ²⁵³⁹ about age 38. Another name for Dreux was Drogo D' HERISTAL Count Of Champagne.

2059363474449. Concubine 1 Alpaide AUSTRASIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3335 was born about 654 in Of, Heristal, Austrasia and died after 689 in Orp-Le-Grand-Monast, Brabant, Vosges, France.

Alpaide married Pepin II Mayor Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3334 ^,3335 ^,3336 about 675 in Not Married. Pepin was born in 635 in Heristal, Liege, Belgium and died on 16 December 714 in Junille, Meuse, France ^{³³³⁴^,3335^,3337} at age 79. Another name for Pepin was Pepin Of HERSTAL.

2059363474450. Habibai (Haninai) BEN NATRONAI,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3338 ^,3339 ^,3340 son of Natronai Ben Nehemiah GAON OF PLUMBEDIA and BAT' HISDAI, was born in 690 in , , Babylonia.

Habibai married Bertha Of NEUSTRIA.³²⁹⁶ Bertha was born about 685 in Neustria Now Belgium and died after 720.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681737225 i. Rolande De Autun Of TOULOUSE (born about 696 in Autun, Saone-Et-Loire, Bourgogne, France - died in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France)

Habibai next married Rolinde DE AQUITAINE.

2059363474451. Bertha Of NEUSTRIA,³²⁹⁶ daughter of Thiedoric III King Of NEUSTRIA and Clotilde Of AUSTRASIA, was born about 685 in Neustria Now Belgium and died after 720.

Bertha married Habibai (Haninai) BEN NATRONAI ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3338.^,3339 Habibai was born in 690 in , , Babylonia.

2059363474452. Pepin II Mayor Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3334 ^,3335 ^,3336 son of Ansigisen Mayor Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA and St. Beggue Of Landen Beggue AUSTRASIA, was born in 635 in Heristal, Liege, Belgium and died on 16 December 714 in Junille, Meuse, France ^{³³³⁴^,3335^,3337} at age 79. Another name for Pepin was Pepin Of HERSTAL.

Pepin married Concubine Of Austrasia MRS-PEPIN ¹⁶⁰¹ in Not Married. Concubine was born in <Of, Heristal, Austrasia> and died in Y.

Pepin next married Plectrude Princess Of BAVARIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2539 ^,3272 on 13 May 706 in , , , Belgium. Plectrude was born about 655 in <Of, Heristal, Austrasia>.

2059363474453. Concubine 1 Alpaide AUSTRASIA ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3335 was born about 654 in Of, Heristal, Austrasia and died after 689 in Orp-Le-Grand-Monast, Brabant, Vosges, France.

2059363474454. Leutwinus Bishop Of TREVES St Lievin,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3341 son of Warinus Count Of Franks In BURGUNDY and Kunza Of METZ, was born about 660 in Moselle River Valley, Austrasia, France, died in 713 in Treves, Rhone, Rhone-Alpes, France ^³³⁴¹ about age 53, and was buried in Mettlach. Another name for Leutwinus was Lievin Count Of TREVES.

Leutwinus married Willigarde De AGILOFINGES ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Austrasia, France>. Willigarde was born about 666 in Bavaria, Germany.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681737227 i. Duchess Of Austrasia Rotrude (Chrotude)(Sonichilde) TREVES (born about 690 in Austrasia, France - died about 724)

1029681737228 ii. Gui Count Of WIDO (born about 700 in Wido, Alsace, France - died after 722)

2059363474455. Willigarde De AGILOFINGES,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 daughter of Theodon De Bayern AGILOFINGES and Miss De SALZBURG, was born about 666 in Bavaria, Germany.

Willigarde married Leutwinus Bishop Of TREVES St Lievin ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3341 in <Austrasia, France>. Leutwinus was born about 660 in Moselle River Valley, Austrasia, France, died in 713 in Treves, Rhone, Rhone-Alpes, France ^³³⁴¹ about age 53, and was buried in Mettlach. Another name for Leutwinus was Lievin Count Of TREVES.

2059363474456. Leutwinus Bishop Of TREVES St Lievin,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3341 son of Warinus Count Of Franks In BURGUNDY and Kunza Of METZ, was born about 660 in Moselle River Valley, Austrasia, France, died in 713 in Treves, Rhone, Rhone-Alpes, France ^³³⁴¹ about age 53, and was buried in Mettlach. Another name for Leutwinus was Lievin Count Of TREVES.

Leutwinus married Willigarde De AGILOFINGES ¹⁶⁰¹ in <Austrasia, France>. Willigarde was born about 666 in Bavaria, Germany.

2059363474457. Willigarde De AGILOFINGES,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 daughter of Theodon De Bayern AGILOFINGES and Miss De SALZBURG, was born about 666 in Bavaria, Germany.

2059363474464. Adalric (Ethic\Eticho) I Duke Of ALSACE,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,2755 ^,3342 son of Steward Lendisius Duke Of ALSACE and Mrs. Lendisius FRANCE, was born about 645 in Alsace-Lorraine, France and died from 20 February 689 to 90 in France ^³³⁴² about age 44.

Adalric married Berswinde Of FRANCE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2755 ^,3342 in , , , France. Berswinde was born about 649 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France (Austrasia) and died in 744 about age 95. Another name for Berswinde was Berswinde Of AUSTRASIA.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681737232 i. Adalbert I Duke Of ALSACE (born about 675 in Alsace, Lorraine, France - died in 720 in France)

ii. Eticho II Count Of Lower ALSACE was born about 673 in Of, , Alsace, France and died about 723 ²⁷⁵⁵ about age 50.

iii. Ottilia Of ALSACE was born about 677 in Of, , Alsace, France and died on 13 December 722 in , , , France about age 45.

iv. Rosvvinda Of ALSACE was born about 679 in Of, , Alsace, France and died in Y.

v. Hugo Of ALSACE was born about 681 in Of, , Alsace, France and died in Y.

2059363474465. Berswinde Of FRANCE,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,2755 ^,3342 daughter of Sigebert III (Sisibert) King Of AUSTRASIA and Immachilde (Hymnegilde) Of AUSTRASIA, was born about 649 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France (Austrasia) and died in 744 about age 95. Another name for Berswinde was Berswinde Of AUSTRASIA.

Berswinde married Adalric (Ethic\Eticho) I Duke Of ALSACE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2755 ^,3342 in , , , France. Adalric was born about 645 in Alsace-Lorraine, France and died from 20 February 689 to 90 in France ^³³⁴² about age 44.

2059363474466. Eudes Duke Of AQUITAINE, son of Boggis Duke Of AQUITAINE and Oda Of The FRANKS, was born in 646 in Aquitaine, France and died in 736 at age 90.

Eudes married Valtrude Of ORLEANS in 1st Wife. Valtrude was born in 642 in Orleans, France and died about 688 about age 46.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Hunuld Duke Of AQUITAINE was born about 664 in Aquitaine, France and died in 774 about age 110.

ii. Hatton D' AQUITAINE was born about 665 in Aquitaine, France.

iii. Aznar Of ARAGON was born about 666 in Aragon, Spain.

1029681737233 iv. Gerlinde Duchess Of AQUITAINE (born about 679 in Alsace, Lorraine, France)

Eudes next married Lampade Of AUSTRASIA, daughter of Dagobert II King Of AUSTRASIA and Unknown, after 688 in 2ND Wife. Lampade was born about 671 in Austrasia, France.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Lampade (Lampagie) Of AQUITAINE was born about 700 in Aquitaine, France.

2059363474467. Valtrude Of ORLEANS, daughter of Count Walchigise (Walechise) VERDUN and Countess Valtrude VERDUN, was born in 642 in Orleans, France and died about 688 about age 46.

Valtrude married Eudes Duke Of AQUITAINE in 1st Wife. Eudes was born in 646 in Aquitaine, France and died in 736 at age 90.

2059363474496. Pepin III "The Short" King Of FRANKS,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3276 ^,3277 son of Charles MARTEL Mayor Of The Palace Of Austrasia and Duchess Of Austrasia Rotrude (Chrotude)(Sonichilde) TREVES, was born in 714 in Austrasia, France ^{³²⁷⁶^,3277} and died on 24 September 768 in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France ^{³²⁷⁶^,3277} at age 54.

General Notes:
Pepin III, King des Francs (Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians.)

(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 129, Line 171-42.)

(Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Pages 269 - 283, 369). Also Known As: Pepin "Le Bref".

Born: in 714 in Austrasia, son of Charles Martel and Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d'Austrasie ). Married circa 740: Berthe=Bertrada de Laon, daughter of Charibert, Count de Laon and Bertrade N? ;

Berthe was for may years, at least since 740, the concubine of Pepin III. In 749 she convinced him to marry her. Note - between 742 and 753: Pepin III was baptized by the then future Saint Willibrod, famous apostle of Frisia and was brought up at the Monastery of Saint-Denis. He would protect the bishops.

Upon the death of his father, Charles Martel in Quierzy-sur-Oise on 22 October 741, Pepin III received Neustria, Burgundy and the Provence. The next year, Pepin "Le Bref", whose surname was derived in the 9th. century because of his size, joined his older brother, Carloman in military operations in Aquitaine. They ravaged the region of Bourges and set fire to the Castle of Loches. By Autumn, they had pushed beyond the Rhine, defeated Duke Odilon of Bavaria and forcing the Allemanians to submit. In the year 743, they re-establish a Merovingian King by taking Childeric III from an abbey, purportedly one of the sons of Childeric II. In 744, Hunaud, son of Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine, undertakes his campaign in Allemania, crosses the Loire and destroys Chartres, burning its cathedral. The next year, he was forced by Carloman and Pepin III to retire at the Monastery of the Ile de Re. Hunaud's son Waifre succeeds him. Pepin decides to free Grifon, his half-brother, and to thank him, Grifon joins a rebellion against Pepin, refusing Pepin's offer of a dozen Neustrian countships. In 749, Pepin III forces the Allemanians in rebellion to submit as well as the Bavarians. Grifon escapes but dies that year on his way to seek the help Waifre, Duke of Aquitaine, near Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. The Merovingian dynasty comes to an end in November of 751 when Pepin III receives the Holy Oil from Boniface, Bishop of Soissons, thus becoming King. His wife becomes Queen of the Francs the same day. Childeric III and his son Thierry both are shaven and they are sent to the Monastery of Saint-Berton, near Arras.

Pepin married Queen Of France Berthe (Bertrade) Countess Of LAON ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3277 about 740. Berthe was born about 720 in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France, died on 12 July 783 in Choisy, Haute-Savoie, France ^³²⁷⁷ about age 63, and was buried in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681737248 i. King Of The Franks Charlemagne Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (born on 2 April 742 in Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia - died on 28 January 813-814 in Aix-La-Chapelle, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia)

ii. Raedburh (Readberg) De CAROLINGIANS was born before 774 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia and died in Wessex, England. Another name for Raedburh was Raedburh Or St. Ida.

iii. Rothaide Princess Of FRANCE was born about 744 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia, died in , , Austrasia, France, and was buried in St Arnoul Abbey, Metz, Moselle, France.

iv. Gertrude Princess Of The FRANKS was born about 748 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia and died in Y.

v. Carloman King Of BURGUNDY was born about 751 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia, died on 4 December 771 in Samoussy, , Austrasia about age 20, and was buried in Abbaye DE St Rémy, Reims, Neustria.

vi. Prince Gilles FRANKS was born in 755 in Aachen, Rhineland, , Prussia and died in Y.

vii. A Nun Gisele Princess Of FRANCE was born in 757 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia and died in 811 at age 54.

viii. Pepin Prince Of The FRANKS was born in 758 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia and died in 762 at age 4.

ix. Princess Of The Franks Ade Princess Of FRANCE was born in 759 in Of, Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia and died on 12 May.

Pepin next married Leuthergis in No Marriage. Leuthergis was born about 730 in Austrasia, France.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Bertbelle MARTEL was born about 760 in Austrasia, France.

2059363474497. Queen Of France Berthe (Bertrade) Countess Of LAON,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3277 daughter of Canbert I Count Of LAON Count Of Laon and Countess Of Laon BERTRADA, was born about 720 in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France, died on 12 July 783 in Choisy, Haute-Savoie, France ^³²⁷⁷ about age 63, and was buried in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France.

General Notes:
Charlemagne's mother Bertrada, was nicknamed Bertha of the Big Foot, or Queen Goosefoot. The inspiration for the name "Mother Goose" may have come from Bertha, although she had nothing to do with the English nursery rhymes now published under that name.

Berthe married Pepin III "The Short" King Of FRANKS ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3276 ^,3277 about 740. Pepin was born in 714 in Austrasia, France ^{³²⁷⁶^,3277} and died on 24 September 768 in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France ^{³²⁷⁶^,3277} at age 54.

2059363474498. Gerold Count Of Vinzgau Duke Of ALLEMANIA,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3280 son of Gerold Bishop Of MAYENNE and Unknown, was born about 730 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and died after 779 ^³³⁴³.

Gerold married Emma Of ALLEMANIA ¹⁶⁰¹.^,2400 Emma was born in 736 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and died in 798 ^{⁹⁰²^,3343} at age 62.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681737249 i. Countess Of Vinzgau Hildegard Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (born about 757 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia - died on 30 April 783 in Thionville, Moselle, Lorraine, France)

ii. Hadrian Lord Of WORMSGAU was born about 768 in Worms, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany and died from 15 February 823 to 24 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais/Centre, France about age 55. Another name for Hadrian was Hadrian De ORLEANS.

iii. Ulrich II Count Of Argengau & LINZGAU was born about 770 in Argengau, Switzerland and died before 824 ^³²⁹⁶. Another name for Ulrich was Ulrich II Count Of ARGENGAU & Linzgau.

2059363474499. Emma Of ALLEMANIA,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2400 daughter of Hnabi Duke Of ALAMANNIA and Hersuinde, was born in 736 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and died in 798 ^{⁹⁰²^,3343} at age 62.

Emma married Gerold Count Of Vinzgau Duke Of ALLEMANIA ¹⁶⁰¹.^,3280 Gerold was born about 730 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and died after 779 ^³³⁴³.

2059363474500. Charles MARTEL Mayor Of The Palace Of Austrasia,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,2151 ^,3272 ^,3273 son of Pepin II Mayor Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA and Concubine 1 Alpaide AUSTRASIA, was born in 676 in Of, Heristal, , Neustria,^{⁹⁰²^,3272^,3274} died on 15 October 741 in Cressy Sur Oise, Neustria ^{⁹⁰²^,3272^,3274} at age 65, and was buried in Monastère DE Saint Denis, Saint Denis, France. Another name for Charles was Charles "The Hammer" MARTEL.

General Notes:
Victor over the Saracens at Tours, Poitiers.

Carolingian ruler of the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia (in present northeastern France and southwestern Germany). Charles, whose surname means the hammer, was the son of Pepin of Herstal and the grandfather of Charlemagne. Pepin was mayor of the palace under the last kings of the Merovingian dynasty. When he died in 714, Charles, an illegitimate son, was imprisoned by his father's widow, but he escaped in 715 and was proclaimed mayor of the palace by the Austrasians. A war between Austrasia and the Frankish kingdom of Neustria (now part of France) followed, and at the end of it Charles became the undisputed ruler of all the Franks. Although he was engaged in wars against the Alamanni, Bavarians, and Saxons, his greatest achievements were against the Muslims from Spain, who invaded France in 732. Charles defeated them near Poitiers in a great battle in which the Muslim leader, Abd-ar-Rahman, the emir of Spain, was killed. The progress of Islam, which had filled all Christendom with alarm, was thus checked for a time. Charles drove the Muslims out of the Rhone valley in 739, when they had again advanced into France as far as Lyon, leaving them nothing of their possessions north of the Pyrenees beyond the Aude River. Charles died in Quierzy, on the Oise River, leaving the kingdom divided between his two sons, Carloman (circa 715-54) and Pepin the Short.

SOURCES:
Charles Martel (Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

(Paul, Nouveau Larousse Universel.)

(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians.)

(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 129, Line 171-43.)

(Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Pages 271 - 273, 369).

Born: in 686 in Chateau de Franchemont, Belgium, son of Pepin II d'Heristal and Aupais=Alpaide N? , The Chateau de Franchemont is near Spa and also Verviers, which may have encompassed Heristal. During World War II, the resistance used the tunnels under the castle to hide people and supplies from the German hordes.

Married before 715: Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d'Austrasie , daughter of Saint Lievin=Leutwinus, Bishop de Treves and N. d'Istrie. Note - between 715 and 741: Toward the end of 715, Charles escaped from the prison his step-grandmother had locked him in, and rallies the Austrasians. In March, 716, however, in his first conflict with the Frisons who were edging their way up the Rhine, Charles is routed. A few weeks later, he is able to beat the Neustrians on the Ambeve River, near Malmedy. on 21 March 717, he is victorious over the Neustrians again, this time at Vincy, near Cambrai and he forces Chilperic II and his Mayor of the Palace, Rainfroi to flee to Paris. In 714, Charles takes the title Mayor of the Palace of Neustria, and gives the Neustrians a new King, Clotaire IV, son of Thierry III [who had died in 691] . The same year, his armies ravage Saxe all the way to the Weser River. In early 719, Clotaire IV died, and Rainfroi and Chilperic II obtain the assistance of Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine in a campaign against Charles. Charles defeats both armies; however, since Clotaire IV is dead, Charles recognizes Chilperic, but he becomes the Major Domus of both Neustria and Austrasia. When Chilperic II died in 721, Charles pulled Thierry IV, young adolescent son of Dagobert III, out of the Monastery of Chelles. from 722 to 724, the arabs mount successful offensives and pillage Autun. Charles, worried about maintaining the Franc authority, Charles Martel mounts a frightfully succesful campaign in Bavaria against the Allemanians and the Frisons, and he destroys their temples. Theutbald, Duke of the Allemanians is essentially powerless. In Gaule, toward the end of the decade, Charles turns his attention to Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine, who had maintained too independent an attitude. Aquitaine is ravaged in the process. In 730, Eudes allies himself with an Emir of northern Spain, Othmann ben Abi-Nessa and the arabs agin a foothold in southern France. By 732, a new emir, Adb-el-Rahman invades from Pampelona, cross the Pyrenees near Roncevaux, take and pillage Bordeaux, burning all the churches. In the Summer, they take Poitiers and destroy the basilica of Saint-Hilaire-hors-les-murs. On Saturday 17 October 732, Charles Martel's armies take the great Roman way linking Chatellerault to Poitiers and at 20 km North of Poitiers, at Moussais-la-Bataille, it encounters the arabs. They would observe each other for 7 days before the Battle of Poitiers would take place.

The Battle of Poitiers: One Chronicler, Fredegaire described the action as follows: "Duke Eudes, being viewed with derision throughout his lands, called against Prince Charles and the nation of the Francs, that most perfidious race of the Sarrasins [that is not accurate as Eudes had first allied himself with an Emir, but then called upon Charles for aid when events turned on him] . The Sarrasins, led by their King, Abd-el-Rahman cross Gerona [another error as they set out from Pampelona and crossed the pyrenees at Roncevaux] . After having burned the churches, and crushed the population, they arrive in Poitiers. When they burn the Basilica and destroy the residence of Saint Martin, Prince Charles put into action an audacious plan and the order of Battle is given. With the aid of Jesus Christ, our Lord, our valorous Prince destroys their tents and flies into combat to crush them..."

A less glorious account is given by a monk of the Abbey of Moissac:

"The King of Spain, Abd-el-Rahman, having crossed the Pyrenees with his large army from Pampelona, laid siege to Bordeaux. Then Eudes, Prince of Aquitaine, leading his large assembled army fought against the Sarrasins on the banks of the Garonne. But, from the beginning, the Sarrasins were victorious. Eudes, having to flee, recruited the assistance of Charles, Prince of the Francs. Then Charles led his armies and combat ensued in the suburbs of Poitiers [the actual battle took place 20 km North of Poitiers] . The Sarrasins having been beaten by the Francs, and their King, Abd-el-Rahman killed, fled in a most disorderly manner back to Spain. As to Charles, he returned triumphantly to France with the bounty..."

The Moslems have named that field of Battle: Balad-al-Shouhada -- Place of the Martyrs of the Faith. This victory gave Charles Martel extraordinary prestige, and it is there that he is said to have crushed the arabs "like a hammer". He then occupied the Bourgogne (Burgundy) and pacified the Languedoc, and Provence, thus establishing a significant French Monarchy. He exiled the family of Eucharic of Orleans, who controlled the bishopric of Auxerre, to Hesbaye, and installed his own man, Aimar to the Holy See. Married before 726: Sunnichild de Baviere. Buried: in Oct 741 in Saint Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France. Died: on 22 Oct 741 in Kiersy=Quierzy, Aisne, France, Upon Charles Martel's death, his two sons divide the Kingdom in accordance with his wishes. Carloman gets Austrasia, Allemania and Thuringia; Pepin gets Neustria, Burgundy and Provence. The rest, very little, went to Grifon, a bastard child of Charles by Swannhilde, grand-daughter of the Duke of the Bavarians.

Charles married Mrs-Carloman Of The Palace Of AUSTRASIA ¹⁶⁰¹ in Not Married. Mrs-Carloman was born about 568 in Of, Belgium and died in Y.

Charles next married Duchess Of Austrasia Rotrude (Chrotude)(Sonichilde) TREVES ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3275 about 712 in 1st Wife. Rotrude was born about 690 in Austrasia, France and died about 724 ^³²⁷⁵ about age 34.

Charles next married Swanhilde Of BAVARIA,²¹⁵¹ daughter of Grimaldo II Of BAVARIA and Viletrude, before 718 in No Marriage. Swanhilde was born about 700 in Bavaria, Germany.

2059363474501. Duchess Of Austrasia Rotrude (Chrotude)(Sonichilde) TREVES,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3275 daughter of Leutwinus Bishop Of TREVES St Lievin and Willigarde De AGILOFINGES, was born about 690 in Austrasia, France and died about 724 ^³²⁷⁵ about age 34.

Rotrude married Charles MARTEL Mayor Of The Palace Of Austrasia ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2151 ^,3272 ^,3273 about 712 in 1st Wife. Charles was born in 676 in Of, Heristal, , Neustria,^{⁹⁰²^,3272^,3274} died on 15 October 741 in Cressy Sur Oise, Neustria ^{⁹⁰²^,3272^,3274} at age 65, and was buried in Monastère DE Saint Denis, Saint Denis, France. Another name for Charles was Charles "The Hammer" MARTEL.

2059363474544. Girard I Count Of PARIS ⁵⁰⁵ ^,3344 was born about 723 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France and died after 779 ^³³⁴⁴.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 743-755.

Girard married Rotrude Carloman Of FRANKS.³³⁴⁴ Rotrude was born about 734 in Austrasia, Flanders Now Belgium.

Children from this marriage were:

i. CHETWYND.

1029681737272 ii. Begue I Count Of PARIS (born about 750 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France - died on 28 October 816)

iii. Leuthard Von FEZENSAC was born about 760 in Fezensac, Gascony, France and died after 809.

2059363474545. Rotrude Carloman Of FRANKS,⁵⁰⁵ ^,3344 daughter of Statthalter Of Austrasia Carloman I King Of The FRANKS and Daughter Of ALARD, was born about 734 in Austrasia, Flanders Now Belgium.

Rotrude married Girard I Count Of PARIS.³³⁴⁴ Girard was born about 723 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France and died after 779 ^³³⁴⁴.

2059363474546. King Of The Franks Charlemagne Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁵⁰⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3279 ^,3280 ^,3281 son of Pepin III "The Short" King Of FRANKS and Queen Of France Berthe (Bertrade) Countess Of LAON, was born on 2 April 742 in Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia,^{³²⁷⁹^,3280} was christened in St Denis, Paris, Seine, France, died from 28 January 813 to 814 in Aix-La-Chapelle, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia ^{³²⁷⁹^,3280} at age 70, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia. Other names for Charlemagne were Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor, and Charles The Great.

General Notes:
Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, CAROLINGIAN king of the FRANKS, came to rule over most of Europe and assumed (800) the title of Roman emperor. He is sometimes regarded as the founder of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. In 768 he and his brother Carloman inherited the Frankish kingdom (most of present-day France and a part of western Germany) from their father PEPIN THE SHORT. The entire kingdom passed to Charlemagne when Carloman died in 771. He inherited great wealth and a strong military organization from his father and brother. He used these assets to double the territory under Carolingian control. In 772 he opened his offensive against the SAXONS, and for more than three decades he pursued a ruthless policy aimed at subjugating them and converting them to Christianity. Almost every year Charlemagne attacked one or another region of Saxon territory. --4,500 Saxons were executed on a single day in 782--and deportations were used to discourage the stubborn. The Saxons proved to be a far more difficult enemy than any of the other peoples subjugated by Charlemagne. For example, the LOMBARDS were conquered in a single extended campaign 773-74), after which Charlemagne assumed the title "king of the Lombards." In 788 he absorbed the duchy of Bavaria, and soon thereafter he launched an offensive against the AVAR empire. The Avars succumbed within a decade, yielding Charlemagne a vast hoard of gold and silver. After one disastrous campaign (778) against the Muslims in Spain, Charlemagne left the southwestern front to his son Louis, (later Emperor LOUIS I) who, with the help of local Christian rulers, conquered Barcelona in 801 and controlled much of Catalonia by 814. On Christmas Day, 800, Charlemagne accepted the title of emperor and was crowned by Pope LEO III. For several years after he regarded the imperial title of being of little value. Moreover, he intended to divide his lands and titles among his sons, as was the Frankish custom. At his death on Jan. 28, 814, however, only one son, Louis, survived; Louis therefore assumed control of the entire Frankish empire.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 800-814.

Charlemagne married Countess Of Vinzgau Hildegard Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3280 ^,3281 about 772 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia.³²⁸⁰ Hildegard was born about 757 in Of, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia,^³²⁸⁰ died on 30 April 783 in Thionville, Moselle, Lorraine, France ^³²⁸⁰ about age 26, and was buried in St Arnoul Abbey, Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France (Austrasia).

Charlemagne next married Countess Of France Fastrade Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ in 783 in , Worms. Fastrade was born in <Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia> and died in Y.

Charlemagne next married Queen Of France Luttgarde Empress Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ after 794. Luttgarde was born in Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia and died in 800.

Charlemagne next married Concubine 3 Regina (Reginopycrha) HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 about 793 in Unmarried. Regina was born in 770 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia.

Charlemagne next married Himiltrude ³⁰⁸⁵ in No Marriage. Himiltrude was born in 746 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia.

2059363474547. Himiltrude ⁵⁰⁵ ^,3085 was born in 746 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia.

Himiltrude married King Of The Franks Charlemagne Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3279 ^,3280 ^,3281 in No Marriage. Charlemagne was born on 2 April 742 in Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia,^{³²⁷⁹^,3280} was christened in St Denis, Paris, Seine, France, died from 28 January 813 to 814 in Aix-La-Chapelle, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia ^{³²⁷⁹^,3280} at age 70, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia. Other names for Charlemagne were Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor, and Charles The Great.

2059363474560. Warnechin Of ENGERN, son of Dietrich King Of SAXONY and Unknown, was born about 725 in Engern, Saxony, Germany. Another name for Warnechin was Warnechin Of SAXONY.

Warnechin married Kunhilde Of RUGEN. Kunhilde was born about 730 in Rugen, Saxony, Germany.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681737280 i. Wittikind Duke Of WESTPHALIA (born about 749 in Westphalia, Saxony, Germany - died in 807)

1029681737329 ii. Imhild Of ENGERN (born about 750 in Engern, Saxony, Germany)

2059363474561. Kunhilde Of RUGEN was born about 730 in Rugen, Saxony, Germany.

Kunhilde married Warnechin Of ENGERN. Warnechin was born about 725 in Engern, Saxony, Germany. Another name for Warnechin was Warnechin Of SAXONY.

2059363474562. Eystein I "Fart" HALFDANSSON King Of Vestfold,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3345 ^,3346 son of King In Uppsala Halfdan "White Leg" OLAFSSON and Asa Eysteinsdatter NORWAY, was born in 725 in Raumariki, Vestfold, Norway and died in 780 in (Knocked Overboard And Drowned) ^³³⁴⁶ at age 55.

General Notes:
After Halfdan Whiteleg's death, according to the sagas, his son Eystein ruled Vestfold until a rival king named Skjold used his magic powers to have Eystein knocked overboard during a sailing expedition. Eystein's body was recovered from the sea and buried with great ceremony.

[Royal Families of Medieval Scandinavia, Flander & Kiev]

Eystein married Hildi Eiriksdatter NORWAY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3346 in <Of, Holtum, Vestfold, Norway>. Hildi was born in 740 in Romerike, Vestfold, Norway and died in Y.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Halfdan II Milldi Eysteinsson King Of VESTFOLD was born about 746 in Western Scandinavia, died in 800 in Borre, Vestfold, Norway ³³⁴⁷ about age 54, and was buried in "The Old, The Stingy, The Meek". Another name for Halfdan was Halfdan II Milldi EYSTEINSSON King Of Vestfold.

1029681737328 ii. Harold Eysteinsson King Of HAITHABU (born about 748 in Haithabu, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany - died in 841)

1029681737281 iii. Geva EYSTEINSDOTTIR (born about 750 in Norway)

2059363474563. Hildi Eiriksdatter NORWAY,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3346 daughter of Eirik Agnarsson NORWAY and Unknown, was born in 740 in Romerike, Vestfold, Norway and died in Y.

Hildi married Eystein I "Fart" HALFDANSSON King Of Vestfold ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3345 ^,3346 in <Of, Holtum, Vestfold, Norway>. Eystein was born in 725 in Raumariki, Vestfold, Norway and died in 780 in (Knocked Overboard And Drowned) ^³³⁴⁶ at age 55.

2059363474620. Welf (Guelph) I Of ARGENGAID,⁵⁰⁵ ^,2539 ^,3282 son of Ruthard Count Of ARGENGAID and Unknown, was born in 745 in Germany ^²⁵³⁹ and died in 800 ^²⁵³⁹ at age 55.

Welf married Hermenlindis Of BAVARIA. Hermenlindis was born about 750 in Bavaria, Germany.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681737310 i. Welf (Guelph) III Duke Of BAVARIA (born in 787 in Altdorf, Bavaria - died in 818)

2059363474621. Hermenlindis Of BAVARIA,⁵⁰⁵ daughter of Berthold Of BAVARIA and Unknown, was born about 750 in Bavaria, Germany.

Hermenlindis married Welf (Guelph) I Of ARGENGAID ²⁵³⁹.^,3282 Welf was born in 745 in Germany ^²⁵³⁹ and died in 800 ^²⁵³⁹ at age 55.

2059363474656. Eystein I "Fart" HALFDANSSON King Of Vestfold,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3345 ^,3346 son of King In Uppsala Halfdan "White Leg" OLAFSSON and Asa Eysteinsdatter NORWAY, was born in 725 in Raumariki, Vestfold, Norway and died in 780 in (Knocked Overboard And Drowned) ^³³⁴⁶ at age 55.

Eystein married Hildi Eiriksdatter NORWAY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3346 in <Of, Holtum, Vestfold, Norway>. Hildi was born in 740 in Romerike, Vestfold, Norway and died in Y.

2059363474657. Hildi Eiriksdatter NORWAY,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,3346 daughter of Eirik Agnarsson NORWAY and Unknown, was born in 740 in Romerike, Vestfold, Norway and died in Y.

2059363474658. Warnechin Of ENGERN, son of Dietrich King Of SAXONY and Unknown, was born about 725 in Engern, Saxony, Germany. Another name for Warnechin was Warnechin Of SAXONY.

Warnechin married Kunhilde Of RUGEN. Kunhilde was born about 730 in Rugen, Saxony, Germany.

2059363474659. Kunhilde Of RUGEN was born about 730 in Rugen, Saxony, Germany.

Kunhilde married Warnechin Of ENGERN. Warnechin was born about 725 in Engern, Saxony, Germany. Another name for Warnechin was Warnechin Of SAXONY.

2059363474668. Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson DENMARK,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 son of King Of Sweden Sigurd "Ring" Randversson DENMARK and Alfhild Gandolfsdatter DENMARK, was born about 765 in , , Denmark and died in 845 in , , , England about age 80.

General Notes:
Information copied from Wayne Iverson, World Connect db=wiversrm, rootsweb.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------
He was a semi-legendary King.

He is said to possibly be the Ragnar who entered the Seine in 845 with 120 ships. Charles the Bald deployed his army on both sides of the river and Ragnar attacked and routed the smaller contingent and hung 111 prisoners on an island in full view of the other Frankish force who offered no more resistance. Ragnar sailed into Paris and sacked it on Easter Sunday. Charles the Bald paid him 7000 pounds of silver to depart in peace and thus gained six years free of invasion.

Another story says in his old age he became jealous of his son's reknown as vikings and raided Northumberland and was captured by King Ella who threw him in a snake pit. As he was being bitten he sang his death song starting each stanza with "Downwe hewed them with our swords" and in his dying breath prophesized, "How piglets would grunt if they know the plight of the boar!"

His sons did avenge his death by capturing King Ella, carved a "blood eagle" on his back, hacked out his ribs and pulled his lungs out spreading them across his back like wings.

------------------------------

The following is excerpted from a post to SGM, 22 Sep 2000, by Brynjulf Langballe:

Yes, Bjørn Ironside certainly played an important role in France. His father Ragnar Lodbrok can be identified in contemporary Frankish annals with his nickname Lodbrok translated to Hoseri (in German language Hosen), meaning fur or leather breeches. Variations are Ogier and Oschery. He operated from the Seine to the border of Spain from 840 to 851. He conquered Aquitania from the Franks, and he used Bordeaux as his stronghold for years. This conquer, one out of more, included Poitou, which in the sagas is called Peita. Saxo is saying Petiæ and that Ragnar conquered Petiæ. this is confirmed in annals. This is the district in the Loire area. In Western Europe his sons are more reported. Ragnar Lodbrok himself were operating more in East Europe.

Ragnar married Thora Herraudsdatter SWEDEN.¹⁶⁰¹ Thora was born in 765 in Uppsala, , Sweden and died in Y.

Ragnar next married Aslaug Sigurdsdatter NORWAY ¹⁶⁰¹ about 783 in Of, , , Denmark. Aslaug was born about 765 in Of, , , Denmark and died in Y.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Bjorn 'Ironside' REGNARSØN was born about 777 in Denmark. Another name for Bjorn was Bjron 'Jernside' Regnarsøn.

1029681737334 ii. Sigurd "Snake Eye" Ragnarsson King Of DENMARK (born about 776 in Jutland, Denmark - died in 830 in Northumbria, England)

2059363474669. Aslaug Sigurdsdatter NORWAY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 was born about 765 in Of, , , Denmark and died in Y.

Aslaug married Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson DENMARK ¹⁶⁰¹ about 783 in Of, , , Denmark. Ragnar was born about 765 in , , Denmark and died in 845 in , , , England about age 80.

2059363534664. Richard I Count Of AMIENS was born about 780 in Lyon, Lyonnais, France and died in 825 in Amiens, Somme, Picardy, France about age 45.

Richard married.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Richilde D' AMIENS was born about 806 in Amiens, Somme, Picardy, France.

1029681767332 ii. Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ (born about 810 in Amiens, Somme, Picardy, France - died about 864 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France)

2059363534666. Boso III Of East Franks Count Of TURIN,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 son of Boso II Count Of ITALY and Unknown, was born before 799 in Turin, Italy and died before 855 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^¹⁴⁴⁷. Other names for Boso were Boso III The Old, and Boso Of ITALY.

Boso married Richilde D' AMIENS. Richilde was born about 806 in Amiens, Somme, Picardy, France.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681767333 i. Richilde Of ARLES (born about 822 in Turin, Italy - died about. 883)

2059357149496 ii. Herbert Marquis Of Transjuranian BURGUNDY (born about 824 in Bourgogne, France - died in 864 in Orbe, Vaud, Switzerland (Slain))

Boso next married Engeltrude.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Teutberga D' ARLES died before 25 November 875 ^¹⁴⁴⁷.

2059363534667. Richilde D' AMIENS,⁴¹⁵ daughter of Richard I Count Of AMIENS and Unknown, was born about 806 in Amiens, Somme, Picardy, France.

Richilde married Boso III Of East Franks Count Of TURIN ²²³².^,2400 Boso was born before 799 in Turin, Italy and died before 855 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^¹⁴⁴⁷. Other names for Boso were Boso III The Old, and Boso Of ITALY.

2059363534668. Conrad I Of Burgundy, Count Of PARIS AND AUXERRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2539 ^,3348 son of Welf (Guelph) III Duke Of BAVARIA and Edith (Eigilwich\Heilwig\Hedwig) Of SAXONY, was born in 800 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2539} and died on 16 February 862 ^{²³²³^,2539} at age 62. Other names for Conrad were Conrad Of ARGENGAU, and¹⁴³⁶ Konrad I Of ARGENGAU.

Conrad married Adelaide, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2534 in 1st Husband.²³²³ Adelaide, was born in 819 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^²⁵³⁴ and died on 15 September 866 ^²⁵³⁴ at age 47. Other names for Adelaide, were Adelheid, Adelis, Aenis, Adelaide De ALSACE, and²⁵³⁵ Aelis Of TOURS AND ALSACE.²⁵³⁷

2059363534669. Adelaide, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1436 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2534 daughter of Hugues III Count Of Upper ALSACE and Ava Countess Of Upper ALSACE, was born in 819 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^²⁵³⁴ and died on 15 September 866 ^²⁵³⁴ at age 47. Other names for Adelaide, were Adelheid, Adelis, Aenis, Adelaide De ALSACE, and²⁵³⁵ Aelis Of TOURS AND ALSACE.²⁵³⁷

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, After 866. ¹⁷⁸⁴

Adelaide, married Count Of Orleans Robert "Fortis\The Strong" Duke Of FRANCE,¹⁵²⁴ ^,1601 son of Count Of Ober-Rheingau Rutpert (Robert) III Of WORMSGAU and Countess Wiltrud (Waltrada) Of TOULOUSE, about 864 in 2ND Wife ¹⁴³⁶.^,2534 Robert was born in 820 of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers, France,^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2042} died on 15 September 866 in Brissarthe, Anjou, France (Slain By Northmen Of Normandy) ^{¹⁴³⁶^,1447^,1524^,1784^,2533^,2534^,2535} at age 46, and was buried on 25 August 866 in St Martin's, Chateuneuf, France. The cause of his death was Killed in battle at Brissarthe. Other names for Robert were Le Fort=The Strong, Robert Fortis, Rupert, Robert "Fortis" Comte De BLOIS Duke Of France,¹⁵²⁴ Robert Fortis, Duke Of FRANCE, Robert Le Fort Robertien, Duc De NUESTRIE, Robert "Le Fort" Count Of PARIS, Robert The Strong, Count Of PARIS, Rupert Iv, Count De PARIS,²⁵³² Rutpert IV Count Of WORMGAU Comte De Blois,¹⁵²⁴ ^,1784 ^,2533 ^,2534 ^,2536 Rupert Iv, Count Of WORMGAU, ANJOU, BLOIS, AUXERRE, and AND NEVERS.²⁵³⁷

Adelaide, next married Conrad I Of Burgundy, Count Of PARIS AND AUXERRE ²⁵³⁹ in 1st Husband.²³²³ Conrad was born in 800 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2539} and died on 16 February 862 ^{²³²³^,2539} at age 62. Other names for Conrad were Conrad Of ARGENGAU, and¹⁴³⁶ Konrad I Of ARGENGAU.

2059363534670. Luitfried III Count Of Upper ALSACE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2539 son of Hugues III Count Of Upper ALSACE and Ava Countess Of Upper ALSACE, was born in 797 in Alsace, France and died in 865 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France ^²⁵³⁹ at age 68. Another name for Luitfried was Liutfried I Duke De TOURS.

Luitfried married.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681767335 i. Ermentrude Of HAUTE ALSACE (born before 811 in Alsace, France - died on 20 March 850-851)

ii. Ava De TOURS was born about 845 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France. Another name for Ava was Ava De BOURGES.

Luitfried married Countess Of Upper ALSACE.¹⁶⁰¹ Countess was born in <Of, Tours, , France> and died in Y.

2059363541280. Hugh (Herve) Du MAINE, son of Roger Comte Du MAINE and Rothildis D' AQUITAINE, was born about 885 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Maine/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France and died in 914 about age 29.

General Notes: Herve is not in the ancestry presented on soc.genealogy.medieval, but one source (ES), has Hugo I d. 914, who might be confused with this Herve/Hugh. With all of the Count Hughs in a row, it is difficult to determine the number of them, and when one died and the other one took over.

Hugh married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770640 i. Hugh Du MAINE (born about 910 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Maine/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France - died between 939 and 955)

2059363541312. Adalbert III Marquis Di TUSCANY,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,2400 son of Gui Count Of Lucca Marquis Di TUSCANY and Marozia Senatrix & Patria Of ROMAN EMPIRE, was born about 915 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy and died about 955 about age 40.

Adalbert married Railinda. Railinda was born about 915 in Italy.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770656 i. Oberto Azzo Conte Di Lucca & ESTE (born about 932 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy - died in 975 in Este, Tuscany, Italy)

2059363541313. Railinda was born about 915 in Italy.

Railinda married Adalbert III Marquis Di TUSCANY.²⁴⁰⁰ Adalbert was born about 915 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy and died about 955 about age 40.

2059363541314. Theubaldus Marquis Of SPOLETO,³²⁸⁵ son of Boniface I Duke Of SPOLETO and Waldrada Of BURGUNDY, was born about 910 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy and died before 961 ^³²⁸⁵.

Theubaldus married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770657 i. Guilla Of SPOLETO (born about 932 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy)

2059363541316. Olderado Of COMO ¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,2400 was born about 885 in Lake Como, Italy.

Olderado married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770658 i. Riprand, Count Of PIACENZA (born about 920 in Lake Como, Italy - died in 999)

2059363541318. Auprando Count Of VERTICILIO ¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,2400 was born about 860 in Verticilio, Italy.

Auprando married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770659 i. Railinda Of VERTICILIO (born about 890 in Verticilio, Italy)

2059363541320. Pietro II CANDIANO Doge Of Italy,³¹³⁸ son of Pietro I CANDIANO Doge Of Venice and Unknown, was born about 880 in Venice, Italy and died in 939 ^³¹³⁸ about age 59.

Pietro married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770660 i. Pietro III CANDIANO Doge Of Venice (born about 900 in Venice, Italy - died in 959)

2059363541324. Hugues D'arles King Of ITALY,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3138 ^,3145 ^,3147 ^,3148 son of Theobald I Count Of ARLES and Bertha Princess Of LORRAINE Abbess Of Avenay, was born about 880 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France and died on 10 April 947 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3138^,3147} about age 67. Other names for Hugues were Hugo, Hugh D' ARLES King Of Italy, Hugues D'arles, Roi D' ITALIE, and Hugo Of PROVENCE.

General Notes: The following post to SGM, 26 Feb 2003, by Jean Couer de Lapin, provides more information on Hugh:

From: A Tsar Is Born ([email protected])
Subject: Re: MAROZIA
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2003-02-26 06:13:16 PST

He took the title King of Italy, which he bequeathed to his son (not by Marozia) Lothair II, the husband of Adelheid of Burgundy and the father of Emma, wife of Lothair of France and mother of Louis V. It was Lothair II's murder by Berengar II, who then tried to force Adelheid to marry his son, Adalbert, that drew upon Italy the first invasion of Otto the Great of Germany. A widower (of Edith of Wessex), he then married Adelheid himself; they were the parents of Otto II. Adalbert fled to Macon, where he married the heiress, Gerberga, and became the father of Count Otto-William.

Hugues married Willa Of VIENNE,³¹⁸⁹ daughter of Boso II Count Of VIENNE King Of Provence and Ermengarde De LORRAINE, after 911 in 2ND Husband.¹⁴⁴⁷ Willa was born about 878 in Vienne, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France ^¹⁴⁴⁷ and died on 14 June 929 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ about age 51. Other names for Willa were Willie, Gisele De BOURGOGNE, Willa De BOURGOGNE, Willa I De BOURGOGNE, Gisele De BURGUNDY, Willa Of BURGUNDY, Willa I De PROVENCE, and Willa Von SWABIA.

Hugues next married Marozia Senatrix & Patria Of ROMAN EMPIRE ²⁴⁰⁰ about 932 in 2ND Husband.³³⁴⁹ Marozia was born about 892 in Rome, Italy and died before 937 in Prison.

Hugues next married Vandalmode ³¹³⁸ in No Marriage. Vandalmode was born about 885 in Italy.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681770662 i. Umberto (Humbert) Marquis Of TUSCANY (born about 905 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy - died in 961)

ii. Wandelmodis De SALINS was born about 915 in Salins Les Bains, Jura, Franche-Comte, France and died after 957.

Hugues next married Bertha Von SWABIA ²⁵³⁹ ^,2913 on 12 December 937 ¹⁴⁴⁷.^,3145 Bertha was born in 907 in Swabia, Germany ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2539} and died on 11 August 967 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3145} at age 60. Other names for Bertha were Berthe, and Bertha Von SCHWABEN.

2059363541325. Vandalmode ³¹³⁸ was born about 885 in Italy.

Vandalmode married Hugues D'arles King Of ITALY ³¹³⁸ ^,3147 ^,3148 in No Marriage. Hugues was born about 880 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France and died on 10 April 947 in Lucca, Tuscany, Italy ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,3138^,3147} about age 67. Other names for Hugues were Hugo, Hugh D' ARLES King Of Italy, Hugues D'arles, Roi D' ITALIE, and Hugo Of PROVENCE.

2059363541326. Boniface I Duke Of SPOLETO,³¹³⁸ ^,3285 son of Ubaldo (Hubaldis) Of BOLOGNA and Unknown, was born about 890 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy and died in 928 ^³¹³⁸ about age 38.

Boniface married Waldrada Of BURGUNDY ³²⁸⁵.^,3286 Waldrada was born about 894 in Bourgogne, France.

Children from this marriage were:

2059363541314 i. Theubaldus Marquis Of SPOLETO (born about 910 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy - died before 961)

1029681770663 ii. Guilla Of SPOLETO (born about 915 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy - died after 7 January 977-78)

2059363541327. Waldrada Of BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,3285 ^,3286 daughter of Rudolph I King Of BURGUNDY and Willa Of VIENNE, was born about 894 in Bourgogne, France.

Waldrada married Boniface I Duke Of SPOLETO ³¹³⁸.^,3285 Boniface was born about 890 in Spoleto, Umbria, Italy and died in 928 ^³¹³⁸ about age 38.

2059363541890. Sigehelm I Ealdorman Of KENT ⁴¹⁵ ^,1416 ^,3099 was born in 871 in Kent County, England.

Sigehelm married Elfrida. Elfrida was born about 876 in Kent County, England.

2059363541891. Elfrida ⁴¹⁵ was born about 876 in Kent County, England.

Elfrida married Sigehelm I Ealdorman Of KENT ¹⁴¹⁶.^,3099 Sigehelm was born in 871 in Kent County, England.

2059363541952. Almos Of HUNGARY Chief Of The Magyar,⁴¹⁵ ^,2856 son of Ogvek Chief Of The MAGYAR and Emese Of The MAGYAR, was born in 820 in Ukraine and died in 892 in Mountains Of Transylvania (Killed Himself) ^²⁸⁵⁶ at age 72. Another name for Almos was Almos Duke Of The MAGYAR.

General Notes:
Chosen best of 7 Magyar nomad princes to be chief.

Supposedly Almos killed himself because of a failure to protect his people who were attacked while his son Arpad and the warriors were out raiding someone else.

Almos married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770976 i. Arpad Prince Of HUNGARY Chief Of The Magyars (born in 840 in Pannonia, Hungary - died in 907 in Obuda, Pest, Hungary)

2059363541994. Berthold Count Palatine Of SWABIA ⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2844 was born in 840 in Schwaben, Germany and died in 910 at age 70. Another name for Berthold was Berthold, Patatine Count Of SWABIA.

Berthold married Daughter Of Erchange Of BREISGAU.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681770997 i. Kunigunde (Cunigunda) Of SWABIA (born in 867 in Schwaben, Germany - died on 7 June 918)

2059363541995. Daughter Of Erchange Of BREISGAU .¹⁴⁴⁴

Daughter married Berthold Count Palatine Of SWABIA ¹⁷⁸⁴.^,2844 Berthold was born in 840 in Schwaben, Germany and died in 910 at age 70. Another name for Berthold was Berthold, Patatine Count Of SWABIA.

2059363542004. Berkhard Count Of Baar Marquis Of RHAETIA,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 son of Adalbert II Count In The Thurgau SCHERRAGAU and Judith (Ingeltrude) Of FRIULI, was born about 864 in Germany and died in 911 in Slain about age 47. Other names for Berkhard were Berkhard Of BAR, Burchard Von Thurgau, Margrave Von RATIEN, Buchard I, and Count De THURGOVIE.

Berkhard married Luitgarde Von SACHSEN. Luitgarde was born about 865 in Saxony, Germany.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681771002 i. Berkhard II Duke Of SWABIA (born in 882 in Swabia, Germany - died on 26 April 926 in Ivrea)

2059363542005. Luitgarde Von SACHSEN ⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 was born about 865 in Saxony, Germany.

Luitgarde married Berkhard Count Of Baar Marquis Of RHAETIA. Berkhard was born about 864 in Germany and died in 911 in Slain about age 47. Other names for Berkhard were Berkhard Of BAR, Burchard Von Thurgau, Margrave Von RATIEN, Buchard I, and Count De THURGOVIE.

2059363542006. Eberhard II Count In The THURGAU,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 son of Adalbert III Count In The ZÜRICHGAU and Unknown, was born about 865 in Germany and died in 929 about age 64.

Eberhard married Gisela NULLENBERG ²²³².^,2400 Gisela was born about 865 in Germany.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681771003 i. Regilinde De NULLENBURG (born in 887 in Swabia, Germany - died about 958 in As An Abbess In Zurich, Switzerland)

ii. Eberhard III Count In The THURGAU was born about 900 in Thurgau, Germany and died in 971 about age 71.

2059363542007. Gisela NULLENBERG ⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 was born about 865 in Germany.

Gisela married Eberhard II Count In The THURGAU ²²³².^,2400 Eberhard was born about 865 in Germany and died in 929 about age 64.

2059363542008. Eudes Count Of LOGENAHE ¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,3350 was born about 845 in Logenahe, Germany ^³³⁴⁸ and died about 879 ^³³⁴⁸ about age 34. Other names for Eudes were Udo II, Udo Of FRANCONIA, Udo II Av GLEIBERG, Eudes I, Count Of LOGENAHE, Uda, and Count In The NIEDER-LEHNGAU.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 861-879. ³³⁴⁸

Eudes married Judith WELF AND WAIBLINGEN.³³⁴⁸ Judith was born about 840. Another name for Judith was Judith Av ARGENGAU.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Conrad "The Old" Count Of LOGENAHE was born in 865 in Of, Lahngau, Hessen-Nassau, Germany ³³⁵¹ and died on 27 February 906 in Killed at age 41. Other names for Conrad were Konrad Der Ältere, and Konrad Of The OBERLAHNGAU.³³⁵²

1029681771004 ii. Eberhard Konradiner Av NIEDERLAHNGAU (born about 858 - died in 902-903)

iii. Rudolph Of WURTSBURG was born about 1065. Another name for Rudolph was WURTZBURG.

iv. Witichin, Count Of SOISSONS died in 844. Another name for Witichin, was Witichin Of WORMS.

v. Gisela Of FRANCONIA was born in 860 and died in 906 at age 46.

2059363542009. Judith WELF AND WAIBLINGEN,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,3348 daughter of Conrad I Of Burgundy, Count Of PARIS AND AUXERRE and Adelaide, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born about 840. Another name for Judith was Judith Av ARGENGAU.

Judith married Eudes Count Of LOGENAHE.³³⁴⁸ Eudes was born about 845 in Logenahe, Germany ^³³⁴⁸ and died about 879 ^³³⁴⁸ about age 34. Other names for Eudes were Udo II, Udo Of FRANCONIA, Udo II Av GLEIBERG, Eudes I, Count Of LOGENAHE, Uda, and Count In The NIEDER-LEHNGAU.

2059363542316. Conrad I, Duke Of ALSACE,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1447 son of Gebhard Konradiner, Graf Im UFGAU and Adela De VERMANDOIS, was born about 920 and died about 982 ^{³⁰⁹⁵^,3096} about age 62. Other names for Conrad were Konrad Konradiner, Herzog Von ELSASS, Konrad, Count In The RHEINGAU ³⁰⁹⁵.^{, and3096}

Conrad married Judith Von ÖHNINGEN. Another name for Judith was Jutta Of MARCHTAL.

Children from this marriage were:

i. Judith Of ELSASS was born from 940 to 945 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ and died in 973 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ at age 33. Another name for Judith was Judith KONRADINER.

1029681771158 ii. Duke Of Swabia Konrad I Konradiner, Herzog Von SCHWABEN (born between 940 and 945 in Öhningen, Konstanz, Baden, Germany - died on 20 August 997)

iii. Herbert I Of ALSACE was born from 940 to 945 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ and died in 992 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ at age 52.

iv. Udo II Of ALSACE was born from 940 to 945 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ and died in 982 ^¹⁴⁴⁷ at age 42.

2059363542317. Judith Von ÖHNINGEN ¹⁴⁴⁴.^,1447 Another name for Judith was Jutta Of MARCHTAL.

Judith married Conrad I, Duke Of ALSACE. Conrad was born about 920 and died about 982 ^{³⁰⁹⁵^,3096} about age 62. Other names for Conrad were Konrad Konradiner, Herzog Von ELSASS, Konrad, Count In The RHEINGAU ³⁰⁹⁵.^{, and3096}

2059363542318. King Of The Germans Otto I "The Great" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3104 ^,3155 ^,3291 ^,3292 son of Duke Of Saxony Heinrich I "The Fowler" King Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Queen Of The Germans Matilda, Countess Of RINGELHEIM, was born on 23 November 912 in Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2322} and died on 7 May 973 in Memleben, Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2322^,2323} at age 60. Other names for Otto were Otto The Illustrious, Otto I The Great, and King Of GERMANY.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 936-973

Otto married Empress Of Germany Eadgyth (Edith) Princess Of ENGLAND ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3104 in 930 in <Saxony, , Germany>.¹⁴³⁶ Eadgyth was born about 910 in Wessex, England and died from 26 January 946 to 947 ^{²³²²^,3104} about age 36. Another name for Eadgyth was Edith.

Otto next married Empress Of The Holy Roman Adelheid Princess Of BURGUNDY St,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3148 ^,3293 daughter of Rudolph II Of Burgundy, King Of ITALY and Bertha Von SWABIA, in 951 in <Saxony, , Germany> ¹⁴³⁶ ^,2322 ^,2323.^,3146 Adelheid was born about 931 in Of, , Bourgogne, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,3146} and died on 17 December 999 in , Selz, Alsace, France ^{²³²³^,3146} about age 68. Other names for Adelheid were Adelheida, by God's gift Empress, by herself a poor sinner and God's maidservant,¹⁷⁴¹ BOURGOGNE, Adelaide Of BURGUNDY, Adelheide Of BURGUNDY, and Adelheid HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE.¹⁷⁴¹

Noted events in her life were:

• Title:

2059363542319. Empress Of Germany Eadgyth (Edith) Princess Of ENGLAND,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3104 ^,3155 daughter of Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND and Aelflaed (Aelfflaed) Of WILTSHIRE, was born about 910 in Wessex, England and died from 26 January 946 to 947 ^{²³²²^,3104} about age 36. Another name for Eadgyth was Edith.

Eadgyth married King Of The Germans Otto I "The Great" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3104 ^,3292 in 930 in <Saxony, , Germany>.¹⁴³⁶ Otto was born on 23 November 912 in Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2322} and died on 7 May 973 in Memleben, Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2322^,2323} at age 60. Other names for Otto were Otto The Illustrious, Otto I The Great, and King Of GERMANY.

Eadgyth next married in 930.

2059363545936. Lothar Count Of STADE ¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1784 was born about 840 in Stade, Germany and died from 2 February 879 to 80 in Ebsdorf, Germany (Slain) ^¹⁷⁸⁴ about age 39.

Lothar married Oda Of SAXONY.¹⁷⁸⁴ Oda was born about 850 in Saxony, Germany and died after 874 ^¹⁷⁸⁴.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681772968 i. Lothar I Count Von WALBECK & Stade (born about 875 in Walbeck, Saxony, Prussia - died on 5 September 929 in Lenzen, Germany (Slain Fighting Wends))

Lothar next married Uda (Oda) Von SAXONY,¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,2755 daughter of Count In South Thuringia Otto "The Illustrious" Duke Of SAXONY and Empress Hedwige HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. Uda was born about 874 in Saxony, Germany and died in 910 about age 36. Other names for Uda were Oda Von SACHSEN, Oda De SAXE, Oda Of SAXE, and Udo Of SAXONY.

2059363545937. Oda Of SAXONY,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1784 daughter of Ludolph Duke Of SAXONY and Oda Billung Of THURINGIA, was born about 850 in Saxony, Germany and died after 874 ^¹⁷⁸⁴.

Oda married.

Oda married Lothar Count Of STADE.¹⁷⁸⁴ Lothar was born about 840 in Stade, Germany and died from 2 February 879 to 80 in Ebsdorf, Germany (Slain) ^¹⁷⁸⁴ about age 39.

2059363545956. Conte Unroch (Hunroch) III Margrave Of FRIULI,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 son of Marquis Eberhard Marchese Di FRIULI (UNRUOCHINGER) and Gisela, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born about 842 in Friuli, Italy and died after 1 July 874 ^¹⁷⁸⁴. Other names for Unroch were Humrock III, Hunroch, Unroch, and Marquess Of FRIULI.

Unroch married Ava De TOURS.¹⁷⁸⁴ Ava was born about 845 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France. Another name for Ava was Ava De BOURGES.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681772978 i. Eberhard Count Of SULICHGAU (born about 865 in Friuli, Italy - died after 888)

ii. Unroch (Hunroch) IV Di FRIULI was born about 867 in Friuli, Italy and died in 924 about age 57.

2059363545957. Ava De TOURS,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1784 daughter of Luitfried III Count Of Upper ALSACE and Unknown, was born about 845 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France. Another name for Ava was Ava De BOURGES.

General Notes: Alan Wilson states that Ava was daughter of a Duke named Luitfried. I am assuming, based on James Oberacker, World Connect db=joberacker, that this Duke is Luitfried Duke of Tours & Count of Upper Alsace. Vernon Wilson, World Connect db=vewcaere, has somewhat the same pedigree, but he names Ava, her father Liutfried, and her grandfather Hugh "de Bourges", but places them at Tours.

Ava married Conte Unroch (Hunroch) III Margrave Of FRIULI ¹⁶⁰¹.^,1784 Unroch was born about 842 in Friuli, Italy and died after 1 July 874 ^¹⁷⁸⁴. Other names for Unroch were Humrock III, Hunroch, Unroch, and Marquess Of FRIULI.

2059363548290. Foulques I "Le Roux" Comte D' ANJOU,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3048 son of Ingelger I Comte D' Orleans & ANJOU Count Of Anjou And Orleans and Countess Of Anjou Adelaide De GASTINOIS, was born about 870 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France and died in 941 ^²⁰⁶⁹ about age 71. Another name for Foulques was Fulk I Count D'ANJOU.

Foulques married Countess Of Anjou Rosalie (Roscille) De LOCHES ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2069 before 5 July 905. Rosalie was born about 882 in Loches, Touraine, France.

2059363548291. Countess Of Anjou Rosalie (Roscille) De LOCHES,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2069 daughter of Garnier De Villentrois Seigneur De LOCHES and Toscanda Or Forcanda, was born about 882 in Loches, Touraine, France.

Rosalie married Foulques I "Le Roux" Comte D' ANJOU ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,3048 before 5 July 905. Foulques was born about 870 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France and died in 941 ^²⁰⁶⁹ about age 71. Another name for Foulques was Fulk I Count D'ANJOU.

2059363548356. Garnier (Warinus) I Count De Sens & TROYES,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 son of Richard Meroving De CHAUNOIS and Unknown, was born in 868 in Troyes, Aube, Champagne, France and died on 6 December 925 at age 57.

Garnier married Teutberga De ARLES ²²³².^,2400 Teutberga was born about 881 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France and died before 30 September 948. Other names for Teutberga were Thietberge, and Teutberge Of ARLON.

2059363548357. Teutberga De ARLES,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2232 ^,2400 daughter of Theobald I Count Of ARLES and Bertha Princess Of LORRAINE Abbess Of Avenay, was born about 881 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France and died before 30 September 948. Other names for Teutberga were Thietberge, and Teutberge Of ARLON.

Teutberga married Garnier (Warinus) I Count De Sens & TROYES ²²³².^,2400 Garnier was born in 868 in Troyes, Aube, Champagne, France and died on 6 December 925 at age 57.

2059363548358. Richard I "The Justiciar" Duke Of BURGUNDY,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1746 ^,2112 ^,2780 son of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 860 in Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France and died on 1 September 921 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France ^²⁷⁸⁰ about age 61. Another name for Richard was Richard De AUTUN.

2059363548359. Adelaide Of AUXERRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,2112 ^,2323 ^,2540 ^,2780 daughter of Conrad II Welf, Markgrave Of TRANJURANIAN BURGUNDY and Ermentrude Of HAUTE ALSACE, was born about 872 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France and died in 929 about age 57. Other names for Adelaide were Adelaide De AUXERRE, Adélaïde De BOURGOGNE, and Adelaide Of BURGUNDY.

2059363762256. Conrad "The Old" Count Of LOGENAHE,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,1601 ^,1746 son of Eudes Count Of LOGENAHE and Judith WELF AND WAIBLINGEN, was born in 865 in Of, Lahngau, Hessen-Nassau, Germany ^³³⁵¹ and died on 27 February 906 in Killed at age 41. Other names for Conrad were Konrad Der Ältere, and Konrad Of The OBERLAHNGAU.³³⁵²

Conrad married Glismonde Of WORMS. Glismonde died on 24 April 924 ^³³⁵¹. Other names for Glismonde were Glismunde, Glismut Von BAYERN, and Glismode Of WORMS.

Children from this marriage were:

1029681881128 i. Werner Count Of Speyergau & WORMS (born about 888 in Speyergau, Rheinland, Germany - died in 917)

ii. Conrad I, Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE was born about 860 in Lahngau, Hessen-Massau, Germany and died on 23 December 918 about age 58. Another name for Conrad was Konrad I Of Franconia, King Of GERMANY.

iii. Everhard I Of FRANCONIA.

iv. Otto.

v. Mathilda Of OBERLAHNGAU.

2059363762257. Glismonde Of WORMS,¹⁴⁴⁴ daughter of Count Walaho (Werner) IV WORMAGAU and Uta, died on 24 April 924 ^³³⁵¹. Other names for Glismonde were Glismunde, Glismut Von BAYERN, and Glismode Of WORMS.

Glismonde married Conrad "The Old" Count Of LOGENAHE.¹⁶⁰¹ Conrad was born in 865 in Of, Lahngau, Hessen-Nassau, Germany ^³³⁵¹ and died on 27 February 906 in Killed at age 41. Other names for Conrad were Konrad Der Ältere, and Konrad Of The OBERLAHNGAU.³³⁵²

2059363762258. Conrad I, Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,¹⁴⁴⁴ son of Conrad "The Old" Count Of LOGENAHE and Glismonde Of WORMS, was born about 860 in Lahngau, Hessen-Massau, Germany and died on 23 December 918 about age 58. Another name for Conrad was Konrad I Of Franconia, King Of GERMANY.

Conrad married Kunigunde (Cunigunda) Of SWABIA ¹⁷⁸⁴.^,2844 Kunigunde was born in 867 in Schwaben, Germany and died on 7 June 918 at age 51. Other names for Kunigunde were Cunigunde, Duchess Of BAVARIA, and SCHWABEN.

2059363762259. Kunigunde (Cunigunda) Of SWABIA,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1784 ^,2844 daughter of Berthold Count Palatine Of SWABIA and Daughter Of Erchange Of BREISGAU, was born in 867 in Schwaben, Germany and died on 7 June 918 at age 51. Other names for Kunigunde were Cunigunde, Duchess Of BAVARIA, and SCHWABEN.

Kunigunde married Liutpold Von Babenberg, Margrave Of BAVARIA ¹⁷⁸⁴ ^,2844 about 885 in Bratislava, Brati, Slovakia. Liutpold was born about 860 in Nordgau, Schaben, Bavaria and died on 4 July 907 in Bratislava, Brati, Slovakia (Killed In Battle) ^{¹⁷⁸⁴^,2779^,2844} about age 47. Other names for Liutpold were Leopold Duke Of BAVARIA, Leopold Scheyern, Duke Of BAVARIA, Luitpold, Margrave Of The BAVARIAN OSTMARK, Luitpold, Margrave Of The CARINTHIAN MARK, Leopold, and Margrave Of NORDGAU.

Kunigunde next married Conrad I, Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. Conrad was born about 860 in Lahngau, Hessen-Massau, Germany and died on 23 December 918 about age 58. Another name for Conrad was Konrad I Of Franconia, King Of GERMANY.

2059363762260. Duke Of Saxony Heinrich I "The Fowler" King Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1598 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2314 ^,2315 ^,2316 son of Count In South Thuringia Otto "The Illustrious" Duke Of SAXONY and Empress Hedwige HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born about 876 in Saxony, Germany,^{¹⁵⁹⁸^,2317} died on 2 July 936 in Membleben, Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁵⁹⁸^,2317^,2318} about age 60, and was buried in Quedlinburg.^²³¹⁸ Other names for Heinrich were Henry Auceps, L'oiseleur=The Fowler, Heinrich I Count Of FUGLEFAENGER, Henri I L'oiseleur Von Sachesn, Roi De GERMANIE, Heinrich I The Fowler, King Of The GERMANS, Henry I The Fowler, and King Of The SAXONS.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 919-936.

Heinrich married Queen Of The Germans Matilda, Countess Of RINGELHEIM ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2316 ^,2319 ^,2320 in 909 in <Of, , Saxony, Germany> ¹⁴³⁶.^,2319 Matilda, was born about 890 in Ringleheim, Goslar, Hannover, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2319} and died from 14 March 967 to 968 in Membleben, Saxony, Germany ^{²³¹⁷^,2319} about age 77. Other names for Matilda, were Mechtilde,²³²¹ Mathilde De RHEINGELHEIM, Matilda Von Oldenburg, Countess Von RINGELHEIM, and Mechtilde Of RINGELHEIM.

Heinrich next married Hatheburg Countess Of MERSEBURG ¹⁶⁰¹ about 905 in <Of, , Saxony, Germany>. Hatheburg was born in <Of, , Saxony, Germany> and died in Y.

2059363762261. Queen Of The Germans Matilda, Countess Of RINGELHEIM,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2316 ^,2319 ^,2320 daughter of Theodoric I Count Of RINGLEHEIM and Roghildis Ludmilla Von FRIESLAND, was born about 890 in Ringleheim, Goslar, Hannover, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2319} and died from 14 March 967 to 968 in Membleben, Saxony, Germany ^{²³¹⁷^,2319} about age 77. Other names for Matilda, were Mechtilde,²³²¹ Mathilde De RHEINGELHEIM, Matilda Von Oldenburg, Countess Von RINGELHEIM, and Mechtilde Of RINGELHEIM.

General Notes:
Daughter of Count Dietrich of Westphalia and Reinhild of Denmark, she was raised by her grandmother, abbess of the Eufurt. In 913, Matilda left the abbey, and married of King Henry the Fowler of Saxony, who had received an annulment from a previous marriage. Mother of Otto, Holy Roman Emporer; Henry the Quarrelsome, Duke of Bavaria; Saint Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne; Gerberga, wife of King Louis IV of France; Hedwig, mother of Hugh Capet. Betrayed by Otto after Henry the Fowler's death when he falsely accused her of financial mismanagement. Founded several Benedictine. Well known throughout the realm for her generosity, she taught the ignorant, comforted the sick, and visited prisoners. ¹⁷⁴¹

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 14 May 968. ¹⁷⁸⁴

Matilda, married Duke Of Saxony Heinrich I "The Fowler" King Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁵⁹⁸ ^,1601 ^,2315 ^,2316 in 909 in <Of, , Saxony, Germany> ¹⁴³⁶.^,2319 Heinrich was born about 876 in Saxony, Germany,^{¹⁵⁹⁸^,2317} died on 2 July 936 in Membleben, Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁵⁹⁸^,2317^,2318} about age 60, and was buried in Quedlinburg.^²³¹⁸ Other names for Heinrich were Henry Auceps, L'oiseleur=The Fowler, Heinrich I Count Of FUGLEFAENGER, Henri I L'oiseleur Von Sachesn, Roi De GERMANIE, Heinrich I The Fowler, King Of The GERMANS, Henry I The Fowler, and King Of The SAXONS.

2059363762262. Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1416 ^,1444 ^,1447 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,3099 ^,3100 son of Alfred "The Great" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND and Elswitha Of Mercia, Queen Of GAINI, was born in 875 in Wessex, England,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3099} died on 17 July 924 in Farndon On Dee, Farrington, Berkshire, England ^{³⁷⁸^,1416^,1436^,3099^,3100} at age 49, and was buried in 924 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.^¹⁴³⁶ Other names for Edward were Édouard L'ancien, Roy Des ANGLOS-SAXONS, and WESSEX.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 17 July 925. ¹⁷⁸⁴

• Ruled: ³¹⁰⁰ 899-924

Edward married Ecgwyn ³¹⁰¹ in 893 in 1st Wife ³⁷⁸.^,3101 Ecgwyn was born about 877 in Wessex, England.

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 25 August 968.

Edward next married Queen Eggwyn ENGLAND ¹⁶⁰¹ about 891 in , , Wessex, England. Eggwyn was born in 874 in , , Wessex, England and died after 897.

2059363762263. Aelflaed (Aelfflaed) Of WILTSHIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,3101 ^,3103 daughter of Aethelhelm Of WESSEX Ealdorman Of Wiltshire and Aethelglyth Of MERCIA, was born in 852 in Wiltshire, England ^³⁷⁸ and died on 5 December 905 ^³⁷⁸ at age 53. Other names for Aelflaed were Elfleda, Ælflese De BERNICIE, and Aelfflaed Of WILTSHIRE.

Noted events in her life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, After 920. ¹⁷⁸⁴

Aelflaed married Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND ¹⁴¹⁶ ^,1601 ^,3099 ^,3100 before 902 in -, Wessex, England.³¹⁰¹ Edward was born in 875 in Wessex, England,^{¹⁴³⁶^,3099} died on 17 July 924 in Farndon On Dee, Farrington, Berkshire, England ^{³⁷⁸^,1416^,1436^,3099^,3100} at age 49, and was buried in 924 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.^¹⁴³⁶ Other names for Edward were Édouard L'ancien, Roy Des ANGLOS-SAXONS, and WESSEX.

2059363762312. Odalrich II Von SCHANNIS, son of Unknown and Hemma Von SCHANNIS, was born about 900 in Schanis, Zurich, Switzerland and died after 950.

Odalrich married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881156 i. Anselm I Count Of NOYEN (born about 922 in Nohen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)

2059363762320. Roggiero Count Of Auriate & SUSA,¹⁴⁴⁴ ^,2645 son of Ardoino Marquis Of NEUSTRIA and Unknown, was born about 895 in Auriate, Torino, Italy.

Roggiero married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881160 i. Ardoino Count Of Susa & Turin & AURIATE (born about 925 in Auriate, Torino, Italy - died in 972)

2059363762322. Manfredo Seigneur De MOSEZZO, son of Manfredo Count Of MILAN and Unknown, was born about 903 in Mosezzo, Italy.

Manfredo married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881161 i. Miss De MOSEZZO (born about 928 in Mosezzo, Italy)

2059363762324. Sigifredo De CANOSSA,¹⁴⁴⁴ son of Adalberto, Count Of MILAN and Unknown, died in 961.

Sigifredo married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881162 i. Attone, Count Di REGGIO & Modena & Canossa (born about 930 in Canossa, Italy - died on 13 February 987-988)

2059363763200. Savory I Vicomte De THOUARS ⁴¹⁵ was born about 865 in Thouars, Deux-Sevres, Anjou/Poitou-Charentes, France and died in 936 in Thouars, Deux-Sevres, Anjou/Poitou-Charentes, France about age 71.

Savory married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881600 i. Aimery II Vicomte De THOUARS (born about 900 in Thouars, Deux-Sevres, Anjou/Poitou-Charentes, France - died in 955 in Thouars, Deux-Sevres, Anjou/Poitou-Charentes, France)

2059363763204. Cadelon I Vicomte D' AUNAY,⁴¹⁵ son of Maingot (Maingaud) I Vicomte D' AUNAY and Unknown, was born about 875 in Aulnay DE Saintonge, Charente-Maritime, Poitou, France and died in 950 about age 75. Another name for Cadelon was Cadelon I Vicomte D' AULNAY.

Cadelon married Gisela De MELLE. Gisela was born about 880 in Melle, Deux-Sevres, Poitou, France and died after 931.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881602 i. Cadelon II Vicomte D' AUNAY (born about 900 in Aulnay DE Saintonge, Charente-Maritime, Poitou, France - died before 967)

2059363763205. Gisela De MELLE,⁴¹⁵ daughter of Atton De MELLE and Unknown, was born about 880 in Melle, Deux-Sevres, Poitou, France and died after 931.

Gisela married Cadelon I Vicomte D' AUNAY. Cadelon was born about 875 in Aulnay DE Saintonge, Charente-Maritime, Poitou, France and died in 950 about age 75. Another name for Cadelon was Cadelon I Vicomte D' AULNAY.

2059363763206. Remi (Rimi) De MARCILLAC ⁴¹⁵ was born about 877 in Marcillac, Gironde, Aquitaine, France.

Remi married Odelgarde (Odulgarde). Odelgarde was born about 880 in France.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881603 i. Senegunde (Senegonde) De MARCILLAC (born about 905 in Marcillac, Gironde, Aquitaine, France)

2059363763207. Odelgarde (Odulgarde) ⁴¹⁵ was born about 880 in France.

Odelgarde married Remi (Rimi) De MARCILLAC. Remi was born about 877 in Marcillac, Gironde, Aquitaine, France.

2059363763460. Bera VI "The Architect" Comte De RAZES,⁴¹⁵ son of Arnaud Comte De RAZES and Unknown, was born about 913 in Razes, Haute Vienne, Limousin, France and died in 975 about age 62.

Bera married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681881730 i. Sigebert VII Comte De RAZES (born about 927 in Razes, Haute Vienne, Limousin, France - died in 982)

2059363766800. Theobald Vicomte De TOURS ⁴¹⁵ ^,2538 was born about 835 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France.

General Notes: Alan Wilson does not indicate where Thebald of Tours fits into the pedigree. In fact most have him as identical with Theobald of Troyes (c885-954), but that makes no sense chronologically. The husband of Richilde, daughter of Robert of Paris by his 1st marriage would be a grandfather of the later Theobald of Tours.

Theobald married Richilde Of PARIS.²⁵³⁸ Richilde was born about 840 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681883400 i. Eudes Comte De CHARTRES (born about 860 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France - died after 886 in Chartres, Eure-Et-Loir, Beauce/Centre, France)

2059363766801. Richilde Of PARIS,⁴¹⁵ ^,2538 daughter of Count Of Orleans Robert "Fortis\The Strong" Duke Of FRANCE and Agnes, was born about 840 in Paris, Seine, Ile-DE-France, France.

Richilde married Theobald Vicomte De TOURS.²⁵³⁸ Theobald was born about 835 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, Touraine/Centre, France.

2059363766802. Theobald (Thibaut) Comte De CHARTRES ⁴¹⁵ was born about 832 in Chartres, Eure-Et-Loir, Beauce/Centre, France.

Theobald married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681883401 i. Miss De CHARTRES (born about 860 in Chartres, Eure-Et-Loire, Beauce/Centre, France - died after 908)

2059363766804. Stephen Comte De BOURGES,⁴¹⁵ son of Hugh Comte De BOURGES and Unknown, was born about 830 in Bourges, Cher, Berry/Centre, France.

Stephen married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681883402 i. Hugh Count Of BOURGES (born about 862 in Bourges, Cher, Berry/Centre, France - died in 892)

2059363766806. Charles II "The Bald" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,2112 ^,2948 ^,2951 ^,3132 ^,3134 ^,3230 son of Louis I "The Pious" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Calolingian and Empress Of Holy Roman Emp Judith Altdorf The Fair, Princess Of BAVARIA, was born on 15 May 823 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia,^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} died on 6 October 877 in Brides-Les-Bains, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France ^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} at age 54, and was buried in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France. Other names for Charles were Charles II "The Bald" King Of FRANCE, Charles Ii, King De FRANCE,³¹³⁵ Charles Ii, and King De FRANCEAKA.³¹³³

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 875-877.

2059363766807. Richildis Of The WEST FRANKS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3134 daughter of Budwine (Bouin\Beuvesde) Count Of Italy & METZ and Richilde Of ARLES, was born about 850 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. Another name for Richildis was Richilde.

Richildis married Charles II "The Bald" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,2112 ^,3132 ^,3134 on 25 November 870 ¹⁴³⁶.^,3134 Charles was born on 15 May 823 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia,^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} died on 6 October 877 in Brides-Les-Bains, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France ^{³¹³²^,3133^,3134} at age 54, and was buried in St Denis, Paris, Ile-DE-France, France. Other names for Charles were Charles II "The Bald" King Of FRANCE, Charles Ii, King De FRANCE,³¹³⁵ Charles Ii, and King De FRANCEAKA.³¹³³

2059363767682. Theobald Le TRICHEUR Count Of Champagne,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1526 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1921 ^,2741 ^,2983 son of Theobald I Gerlon, Viscount Of TROYES AND BLOIS and Richilde Of BOURGES, was born in 913 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France ^²⁹⁸³ and died from 16 January 977 to 978 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, Orleanais/Centre, France ^{¹⁵²⁶^,2741^,2983} at age 64. Other names for Theobald were Le Tricheur=The Cheat, and Thibaud "Le Tricheur" De CHARTRES Du Blois.

General Notes:
Theobald I, also called Theobald The Cheat, or The Old, French Thibaud, Le Tricheur, or Le Vieil (b. c 908 - d. c 978), count of Blois, Chartres, and Tours.

Theobald earned his nickname "the Cheat" fighting with his neighbours, among them the kings of France, the dukes of Normandy, and the church of Reims. He seized the area around Blois about 940 and later augmented his holdings with the counties of Chartres and Chateaudun. In 945 Hugh the Great made Theobald responsible for holding the French king Louis IV prisoner. [Encyclopaedia Britannica]

-------------------

Note: Turton has Theobald (Thibault) as son of Gerlon, son of Robert 'le Fortis' Duke of France, d. 866. This does not agree with AR.

Theobald married Luitgarde De VERMANDOIS ¹⁵²⁶ ^,1601 ^,1921 ^,2741 before 945 in <, , France> ¹⁴³⁶ ^,1526.^,2741 Luitgarde was born about 920 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France,^²⁷⁴² died from 9 February 978 to 979 ^{²⁷³⁷^,2741} about age 58, and was buried in Abbaye DE Matemoutier, , France.

2059363767683. Luitgarde De VERMANDOIS,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1526 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1921 ^,2741 daughter of Herbert II Count Of Troyes & VERMANDOIS and Liegarde (Hildebrand) Princess Of FRANCE, was born about 920 in Vermandois, Aisne, Picardy, France,^²⁷⁴² died from 9 February 978 to 979 ^{²⁷³⁷^,2741} about age 58, and was buried in Abbaye DE Matemoutier, , France.

General Notes:
Luitgarde de Vermandois, n.i. [no issue with William I of Normandy], killed 942 by Louis, s. of Charles III "the Simple", daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois and Troyes. [Ancestral Roots, Line 121e-19] (As I said 942, is probably talking about her 1st husband William's death. I am disregarding it.)

Luitgarde de Vermandois, d. aft. 978, widow of William I, of Normandy, and daughter of Herbert II de Vermandois. [Ancestral Roots, Line 49-19]

Luitgarde de Vermandois, d. aft. 978; m. (2) 943 Theobald I, "le Tricheur", d. 978, Count of Blois. [Ancestral Roots, Line 136-19]

Note: line 121e does not agree with the other two lines in Luitgarde's death date. I believe that it is in error, maybe referring to William I's death in 942. Also note that Theobald I, Count of Blois, was involved in William I's treachorous ambush and murder in 942 and married Luitgarde, his widow, the next year 943.

---------------------------------

Curt Hofemann, [email protected], write in a post-em:

The dates are further conflicted by other sources:

birth:
(915/20) [Ref: ES II:79] parenthesis = approximation
915/20 [Ref: ES III:49]
abt 920 [Ref: Moriarty p6, 228]
abt 930 [Ref: Moriarty p36]

married to Guillaume, Duc de Normandie/William "Longsword" Duke of Normandy, Count of Rouen:
um 940 [Ref: ES II:79] (um = about/around)

married to Theobald I 'Le Tricheur' Count of Blois, Seigneur de Montagu:
date: 942/45 [Ref: ES III:49, Moriarty p228]
943/44 [Ref: ES II:46]
943/5 [Ref: Moriarty p36]
abt 945 [Ref: Moriarty p6]

died:
27.V nach 977 [Ref: ES II:79] (nach = after)
27.V nach 978 [Ref: ES III:49]
9.II nach 978 [Ref: ES II:46]
Feb 9 978 [Ref: Moriarty p228, p36]
after Feb 9 978 [Ref: Moriarty p6, Paget p135]

Regards,
Curt

Luitgarde married Theobald Le TRICHEUR Count Of Champagne ¹⁵²⁶ ^,1601 ^,1921 ^,2741 ^,2983 before 945 in <, , France> ¹⁴³⁶ ^,1526.^,2741 Theobald was born in 913 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France ^²⁹⁸³ and died from 16 January 977 to 978 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, Orleanais/Centre, France ^{¹⁵²⁶^,2741^,2983} at age 64. Other names for Theobald were Le Tricheur=The Cheat, and Thibaud "Le Tricheur" De CHARTRES Du Blois.

Luitgarde next married William I "Longsword" Duke Of NORMANDY,¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2078 ^,2735 son of Rollo Rognvaldsson 1St Duke Of NORMANDY and Papia FALAISE Duchess Of Normandy, before 941 in 1st Husband 2ND Wife ¹⁴³⁶ ^,2735.^,2737 William was born about 891 in Rouen, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, France ^²⁷³⁶ and died on 17 December 942 in Killed At Picardy, France ^{¹⁴³⁶^,2078^,2738} about age 51. The cause of his death was Murdered 943. Other names for William were Longue Épée=Long Sword, Guillaume I, and Dec De NORMANDIE.

2059363768390. Roger I De COMMINGES,⁴¹⁵ son of Arnaud I Count Of COMMINGES & Carcassonne and Arsinde Countess Of CARCASSONNE, was born in 935 in Carcassonne, Aude, France and died in 1019 at age 84.

Roger married Adelaide De MELGUEIL ²⁷⁰⁰ in 970. Adelaide was born about 953 in Melgueil Near Montpellier, Herault, Languedoc, France and died in April 1011 about age 58.

2059363768391. Adelaide De MELGUEIL,⁴¹⁵ ^,2700 daughter of Bernard II Comte De MELGUEIL & Substantion and Senegunde, was born about 953 in Melgueil Near Montpellier, Herault, Languedoc, France and died in April 1011 about age 58.

Adelaide married Roger I De COMMINGES in 970. Roger was born in 935 in Carcassonne, Aude, France and died in 1019 at age 84.

2059363768398. Raymond V Taillefer Count Of TOULOUSE ⁴¹⁵ ^,2151 ^,2689 ^,2690 was born in 947 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France ^²¹⁵¹ and died about 990 about age 43.

General Notes: I originally, based on Turton, had William b. 947, d. 1037, and having children by his 990 marriage to Emma, who were born in 1015. This seems like a lot for a 68 year old man.

It turns out that the person born c 947 was Raymond who m. Adelaide (not Arsinde her sister), and had William III who m. Emma.

The way I have Raymond's parentage is the simplest. There is an alternative being debated, which has Raymond as son of Raymond, son of Raymond, son of Ermengaud Vicomte de Rouergue, b. c 860, who I have as his great great uncle (Raymond II's younger brother).

Raymond married Countess Of Toulouse Adelaide (Blanche\Adele) D' ANJOU [Countess Of Gevaf ¹⁵²⁴ ^,1601 ^,2685 ^,2686 ^,2687 about 972 in 2ND Husband.²⁶⁸⁵ Adelaide was born about 945 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France ^²⁶⁸⁸ and died in 1026 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸² about age 81.

2059363768399. Countess Of Toulouse Adelaide (Blanche\Adele) D' ANJOU [Countess Of Gevaf,⁴¹⁵ ^,1524 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2685 ^,2686 ^,2687 daughter of Foulques II "Le Bon" Comte D' ANJOU Count Of Anjou and Countess Of Anjou Gerberga De GATINAIS, was born about 945 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France ^²⁶⁸⁸ and died in 1026 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸² about age 81.

General Notes:
The following is excerpted from a post to SGM, 30 Jul 2000, by Todd A Farmerie:

From: Todd A. Farmerie ([email protected])
Subject: Re: Adelaide d'Anjou (was Tiburge d'Orange)
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2000/07/30

TatjanaAV wrote:

Blanche appears to have been more of a nickname. She is better known as
Adelaide, wife of Stephen of Gevaudan, Raymond of Toulouse, Louis V of
France, and William of Provence.

So... This Adelaide was indeed married to Raymond de Toulouse? I've seen this
in only one account--all others do not have Raymond in the genealogy at all
(Guillaume III is recorded as the son Raymond III Pons de Toulouse and Garsinde
de Rouergue).

Yes. This was only recently rediscovered. There is a surviving charter in which Guillaume names his wife Emma and mother Adelaide, and there is every reason to think this was the same Adelaide, known to have married "Count Raimond". The chronology is aufully long to have William a son of Raymond Pons as well, and the near-contemporary Roda Codex gives Raymond Pons no son William, but does give him a son Raymond. These make it evident that a reworking is in order.

When were Adelaide's parents married? I've seen it as 937, when
she was supposedly born in 930, and has Guillaume III in 947.

I don't think there is enough information to provide such a date. Certainly both of them you give are nothing more than guesses, and need to be adjusted. As to William's birth, this date is wrong, based on his mistaken placement as son of Raymond Pons. A more recent guess is about 975.

Who are ALL of her children (with the correct fathers)?

Stasser gives her the following:

by Etienne de Brioude:
1. Pons de Gevaudan
2. Bertrand de Brioude
3. Etienne de Brioude
4. Ermengarde/Humberge, Countess of Auvergne
5?. daughter, wife of Herbert of Troyes

by Raymond:
6. Guillaume Taillefer
7?. Toda/Adelaide, Countess of Besalu (I question this one)
8?. Letgarde

by Guillaume II of Provence:
9. Guillaume III
10. Constance, Queen of France

taf

Adelaide married Etienne II De BRIOUDE ²⁶⁸⁵ in 1st Husband.²⁶⁸⁵ Etienne was born about 940 in Brioude, Haute-Loire, Auvergne, France and died before 972 in Gevaudan, Alpes-DE-Haute-Provence, Provence, France. Another name for Etienne was Etienne II De GEVAUDAN.

Adelaide next married Raymond V Taillefer Count Of TOULOUSE ²¹⁵¹ ^,2689 ^,2690 about 972 in 2ND Husband.²⁶⁸⁵ Raymond was born in 947 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France ^²¹⁵¹ and died about 990 about age 43.

Adelaide next married Louis V "The Do-Nothing" King Of FRANCE,²⁶⁸⁷ son of Lothair Carolingien, King Of FRANCE and Unknown, in 982 in 3rd Husband - Divorced 984.²⁶⁹¹ Louis was born in 967 in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France ^²⁶⁸⁷ and died between 21 and 22 May 987 in (Dsp) ^²⁶⁸⁷.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 979-986 (joint with father), 986-987. ²⁶⁹²

Adelaide next married Guillaume III TAILLEFER Count Of Toulouse,¹⁶⁰¹ son of Duke Raymond III Pons Of TOULOUSE Count Of Toulouse and Countess Garsinde TOULOUSE, about 973 in , , , France. Guillaume was born about 947 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France and died in September 1037 about age 90.

Adelaide next married William II Count Of Arles & PROVENCE ¹⁵²⁴ ^,2681 after 984 in 4th Husband 2ND Wife.²⁶⁸⁵ William was born in 950 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France,^²⁶⁸² died in 994 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸³ at age 44, and was buried in Died As A Monk In Avignon, France.

2059363768704. Miescyslaw I Grand Duke Mieszko King of POLAND Piast Dynasty,⁶⁶² ^,2923 ^,2924 ^,2925 ^,2926 son of Ziemomysl, Prince Of POLAND and Unknown, was born in 935 in Poznon, Poland, died on 25 May 992 in Poznan, Poland at age 57, and was buried in Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznan, Poland. Another name for Miescyslaw was Mieszko I Piast POLAND.

General Notes:
Danish Viking; King of Poland; son of Ziemmysal of Poland; m. Dubrawka of Bohemia; father of Boleslaw I, King of Poland. [GRS 3.03, Automated Archives, CD#100]

Virtually nothing is known regarding the early activities of the Slavic tribes that laid the foundations of the Polish nation. According to some authorities, a number of these tribes united abt AD 840, under a legendary king known as Piast, but Poland does not begin to figure in European history until the reign, from 962-992, Mieszko, reputedly a descendant of Piast.

Mieszko led the Poles into Christianity, probably in an attempt to appease the crusading and marauding Germans. He was succeeded by his son, Boleslav I. [Funk & Wagnalls, Vol. 21, p. 108]

Grand Duke of Poland; founder of the Polish state, about 960; a Danish Viking; first Christian king of Poland, 962-992; m.2 Dubrawa of Bohemia; father of Boleslaw I. [Royalty for Commoners, Line 378, p. 182]

Father of Swjatoslawa-Gunhild, 2nd wife of Erik Segersaell the Victorious.
[http://www.genealogy.com/~brigitte/thereoff/sweden.txt]

b.c. 930, d. 992; son of Ziemonislaw Piast and Gorka; m. Dubrawka Premysl; father of:
1. Boleslav I Piast who m. Judith of Hungary and Oda of Meissen
2. Sigrid who m. Erik VIII Sejrsæl Bjornsson
[Andrew <[email protected], 2 Feb 2002]

1st husband of Princess Thyra of Denmark. She couldn't stand his heathen and issolute ways and left after only a week of marriage. [WBH - Norway, pp. 59-63]

2nd husband of Princess Thyri. She detested him because he was a heathen and because he was old. In her distress she fled to Norway and Married Olaf Tryggvason, who was neither. [A History of the Vikings, p. 136] ²⁴⁰⁶

Miescyslaw married about 965 in , , , Poland.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Adelaida "The White" Princess Of POLAND was born about 955 in Poznan, Poland ^²⁸⁰¹ and died in 997 in Hungary about age 42.

Miescyslaw married Thyra HARALDSDOTTIR Queen Of Norway,²⁹²⁰ ^,2921 ^,2922 daughter of Harold VII Bluetooth GORMSON King Of Denmark and Gyrid OLAFSDOTTIR Princess Of Sweden. Thyra was born in 927 in Denmark and died on 18 September 1000 in Norway at age 73.

Miescyslaw next married Dubravka, Princess Of BOHEMIA in 965. Dubravka, was born about 931 in Of, Prague, Czechoslovakia and died in 977 about age 46. Another name for Dubravka, was Dobrawa.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681884352 i. Boleslaw I 'Chrobny' King Of POLAND (born about 967 in Of, Poznan, Poland - died on 17 June 1025, buried in Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznan, Poland)

2059363768705. Dubravka, Princess Of BOHEMIA, daughter of Boleslav I, Duke Of BOHEMIA and Biagota, Duchess Of BOHEMIA, was born about 931 in Of, Prague, Czechoslovakia and died in 977 about age 46. Another name for Dubravka, was Dobrawa.

Dubravka, married Miescyslaw I Grand Duke Mieszko King of POLAND Piast Dynasty ⁶⁶² ^,2923 ^,2924 ^,2925 ^,2926 in 965. Miescyslaw was born in 935 in Poznon, Poland, died on 25 May 992 in Poznan, Poland at age 57, and was buried in Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznan, Poland. Another name for Miescyslaw was Mieszko I Piast POLAND.

Dubravka, next married Gunter, Margrave Von MERSEBURG about 960. Gunter, died on 19 July 982 in Fell In Battle, Possano, Calabria, Italy.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Divorce Filed: Bef 965.

The child from this marriage was:

i. Ekkhard I Margrave Of MEISSEN was born before 965 and died on 30 April 1003 in Murdered, Pohlde.

2059363768706. Dobromir, Prince Of SILESIA was born about 942.

Dobromir, married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681884353 i. Emnilde Of SILESIA (born about 968 - died in 1017)

2059363768708. Herman I "The Little" Count Of BONNGAU,⁵⁰⁵ ^,3296 son of Ehrenfried II Count Of ZULPICHGAU and Richwara, was born about 935 in Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 16 July 1020 ^³²⁹⁶ about age 85. Another name for Herman was Herman I "The Small" Count Of LORRAINE.

Herman married Hedwig Von DILLINGEN. Hedwig was born about 937 in Dillingen, Saarland, Germany.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681884354 i. Edzo Pfalzgraf of LORRAINE Lord of Duisburg (born about 955 in Duisburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - died on 21 May 1034 in Saalfeld, Thuringia, Germany)

2059363768709. Hedwig Von DILLINGEN,⁵⁰⁵ daughter of Mangold I Count Von DILLINGEN and Unknown, was born about 937 in Dillingen, Saarland, Germany.

Hedwig married Herman I "The Little" Count Of BONNGAU.³²⁹⁶ Herman was born about 935 in Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 16 July 1020 ^³²⁹⁶ about age 85. Another name for Herman was Herman I "The Small" Count Of LORRAINE.

2059363768710. Otto II Rufus Of Saxony, Co-Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,3294 son of King Of The Germans Otto I "The Great" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Empress Of The Holy Roman Adelheid Princess Of BURGUNDY St, was born in 955 in -, Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,3294} and died on 7 December 983 in Rome, , Lazio, Italy ^{¹⁴³⁶^,3294} at age 28.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 973-983

Otto married Theophano Princess of BYZANTINE EMPIRE ³²⁹⁴ on 14 April 972 in 2ND Wife ⁹⁰².^,3294 Theophano was born about 958 in Byzantine Empire ^³³⁵³ and died on 15 June 991 ^³³⁵³ about age 33.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681884355 i. Matilda Princess of SAXONY (born in 981 in Saxony, Germany - died on 11 April 1025)

2059363768711. Theophano Princess of BYZANTINE EMPIRE,⁵⁰⁵ ^,3294 daughter of Romanus II Emperor of BYZANTINE EMPIRE and Theophano of BYZANTINE EMPIRE, was born about 958 in Byzantine Empire ^³³⁵³ and died on 15 June 991 ^³³⁵³ about age 33.

Theophano married Otto II Rufus Of Saxony, Co-Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ³²⁹⁴ on 14 April 972 in 2ND Wife ⁹⁰².^,3294 Otto was born in 955 in -, Saxony, Germany ^{¹⁴³⁶^,3294} and died on 7 December 983 in Rome, , Lazio, Italy ^{¹⁴³⁶^,3294} at age 28.

2059363768730. St Vladimir I "The Great" Duke Of KIEV,⁴¹⁵ ^,2855 ^,2856 son of Svatislav I Grand Duke Of KIEV and Maloucha Of LUBECH, was born about 955 in Kiev, Ukraine, died on 15 July 1015 in Berestovo, Kiev, Ukraine ^²⁸⁵⁷ about age 60, and was buried in Church Of The Ti, Kiev, Ukraine. Other names for St were Saint Vladimir, and Vladimir I Svyatoslavich.

General Notes:
The date of his birth is not know. He was born out of wedlock to Svyatoslav I Igoryevich, prince of Kyiv by the "Kliuchnitsa" to the Princess Ol'ga, Malushi. Svyatoslav already had two legitimate sons, Yaropolk and Oleg. Vladimir was sent to control Novgorod (970-980). He was then prince of Kyiv (978-1015). He married first in 980 Rogneda, daughter of Rogvolod, prince of Polotsk, then had many other wives and concubines before officially marrying Anna Porphrogenita, daughter of Romanus II, Byzantine Emperor, and sister of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. She died in 1011. He is credited with several other wives, ( a Czech, a Bulgarian, and others). He later married the daughter of Cuno, Count of Oeningen and granddaughter of Emperor Otto I. She died in 1018. He had many sons, some whose names are unknown and it is not clear, except for Izyaslav, which sons were from which women. According to the chronicle, however, by Rogneda he had Izyaslav (prince of Polotsk, d. 1001), Mstislav (prince of Tmutorokan and Chernigiv, d. 1036), Yaroslav (prince of Kyiv, d. 1054) and Vsyevolod (prince of Vladimir in Volynia, d. 1010) and two daughters. By the Byzantine nun he had Svyatopolk I (prince of Kyiv, d. 1019) , by one Czech he had Vysheslav (prince of Novgorod, d. 1010) and by another Svyatoslav (prince of the Drevlyanie, d. 1015) and Mstislav, and by a Bulgarian Boris ( prince of Rostov) and Gleb (prince of Murom) (both died in 1015) Among the others: Sudislav, Prince of Pskov (d. 1063); Stanislav, crown Prince of Kiev (?); Pozvizd, crown prince of Kyiv (d. after 1015); and Predislav (d. after 1018). His daughters included Predslava (d. after 1018), Premislava, married King Ladislaus of Hungary; another who married Bernhard, Margrave of Nordmark, and eight more. He is reputed to have had 300 concubines at Vyshgorod, another 300 at Belgorod and 200 at the main palace at Berestovo near Kyiv.

His power base was among the Varyagi to whom a payoffs were made as they were known to run roughshod over the citizenry. He had to flee to Scandinavia when his half-brother, Yaropolk, took the throne on the death of their father, Svyatoslav, in 972. He returned with 6000 Vikings - Varangians and organized an army also of Novgorodians. After taking Kyiv he reneged on his promise to pay the Varangians. He was able to keep a lid on them by sending some 6000 of them off to Greece to serve in Emperor Basil's army. Initially Vladimir was a tireless builder of heathen temples of which particularly intimidating was the idol Peruna on the hill where the Prince and privileged people lived.

In 992 a large mass of Pecheneg warriors were met by Vladimir on the opposite side of the Trubezh river and a stand off ensued. The legend says that it was agreed that each side would pick a warrior and that the winner would rule the others principality for three years. The Russian crushed the life out of the Pecheneg with his bare hands. Vladimir founded the city of Pereyaslavl on that spot. Other towns he is known to have built on the rivers Trubezh, Desna, Sula, etc., to halt the continuous attacks of steppe peoples and strengthen the defenses of the Russian territories, are Vasiliev on the Stugna and Belgorod on the Dnieper. There is no doubt Vladimir also founded a new city, Izyaslav, because he wished to rid himself of his wife Roganda and her son Izyaslav Vladimirovich. The principality of Polotsk remained under the rule of the descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich, Vladimir's eldest son of his first wife Roganda. She had forgiven him for having killed her father and brother but she could not abide by his unfaithfulness.

The Chronicler says that not only Christian but Muslim and Jews brought their missionaries to sway the prince to their beliefs. First among the ambassadors were the Bulgarians, practicing the religion of Mohammed, but their tenets of shaven heads and non-alcoholism did not please the prince. The ambassadors of the Pope in Rome were also rejected. Likewise the Khazar Jews were turned away. Having heard them, the prince asked them where was their homeland. "In Jerusalem" answered the ambassadors, but "God punished us, and scattered us on others' lands." "You who are punished by God dare teach others-- cried out Vladimir; we have no wish to give up our homeland." Finally, the envoy sent by the Greeks, a philosopher, refuting other beliefs, told in summary to the prince the Old and New Testaments and the contents of the Bible. In conclusion he showed Vladimir a depiction of the last judgement with the fates endured by the judged sinners and saved; the prince was astonished and exclaimed: "Happiness for those who do good deeds and anguish for the evil." "Be Baptized," responded the Greek elder and "You will be in Heaven with the first ones." Vladimir, the "Self made Christian," ordered the construction of the first stone churches, palaces and fortifications in Kiev. The church dedicated to the Virgin Mother was commissioned by Grand Prince Vladimir in 989 and endowed the church with a tenth part of his revenue; because of this endowment the people started calling the church Desyatinaya (The church of the Tithes), a name which it has been known ever since. He conducted many campaigns. Among the most notable was the siege and capture of Chersonesus, the Byzantine port in Crimea. He returned it in exchange for Basil's sister. ²⁸⁴²

St married Anna Princess of BYZANTINE EMPIRE,²⁸⁵⁸ daughter of Romanus II Emperor of BYZANTINE EMPIRE and Theophano of BYZANTINE EMPIRE, about 988 in Kherson, Kiev, Ukraine. Anna was born from 13 March 962 to 963 in Constantinople, Turkey and died in 1011 ^²⁸⁵⁸ at age 49.

St next married Regneide (Rogneda) Of POLOTSK ²⁸⁵⁶ ^,2857 ^,2859 in 1st Wife - Divorced. Regneide was born about 958 in Polotsk, Byelorussia and died in 1000 in (As A Nun Named Anastasia) ^²⁸⁶⁰ about age 42.

St next married Rogneda Von ÖHNINGEN,²⁸⁶² daughter of Duke Of Swabia Konrad I Konradiner, Herzog Von SCHWABEN and Richilde, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, after 1011 ²⁸⁵⁷.^,2861 Rogneda was born about 968 in Öhningen, Konstanz, Baden, Germany and died on 14 August 1014 ^{²⁸⁵⁷^,2861} about age 46.

2059363768731. Regneide (Rogneda) Of POLOTSK,⁴¹⁵ ^,2856 ^,2857 ^,2859 daughter of Ragnvald OLAFSSON Of West Gotland & Polotsk and Ingelborge, was born about 958 in Polotsk, Byelorussia and died in 1000 in (As A Nun Named Anastasia) ^²⁸⁶⁰ about age 42.

General Notes:
The following post to SGM, 18 Feb 2003, by Igor Sklar, in reponse to the question of who Iaroslav/Jaroslaus The Wise's mother was gives her ancestry:

From: Igor Sklar ([email protected])
Subject: Re: Iaroslav the wise
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2003-02-18 10:31:36 PST

"jl" <[email protected]> wrote in message news:<[email protected]>...
Plz someone can tell me who his mother was.

Anna of Macedonia or Rogneda

thanks

jl

Yaroslav's mother was Rogneda of Polotsk. I don't understand how it could be, conditioned that Vladimir took Rogneda by force in 980, whilst Yaroslav was born about 978 (he was 76 when he died). However the case, Yaroslav was the eldest biological son of Vladimir.

Rogneda is not a Slavic name. Her father was Ragnvald of West Gotland, then of Polotsk (killed 970), the brother of Truggvi Olafson of Norway (died 965) and the illegitimate son of Olaf Haraldson of Norway (died 934). As you may see, Yaroslav was a great grandson of Harald I Fairhair (died 931), the first Yngling king of Norway. This explains why in Norse sagas Vladimir is called a kinsman of Norse King Olaf Traggvison (who was brought up in Kiev) more than once.

Some folks are in pains to establish their line of descent from Macedonian Emperors of Byzantium. They assume that Yaroslav was born in 988 and his mother was Anna of Byzantium. But it's nothing more than their fantasy.

Respects, Igor

Note: Even though there is some doubt about the above ancestry, I am adopting it. There is much doubt about all of the early Scandinavian ancestry, depending as it does not 11th century writers (ie. Snorri & Nestor), and sagas. It is best to categorize the ancestries as legendary or historical, where the latter have verifiable evidence backing them up, while the "legendary" depend on the sagas, etc. This ancestry is legendary. Another variation is that it was Rogneda's mother (Ragnvald's wife) Ingelborge who was daughter of Olaf, instead of Ragnvald being son.

Regneide married St Vladimir I "The Great" Duke Of KIEV ²⁸⁵⁵ ^,2856 in 1st Wife - Divorced. St was born about 955 in Kiev, Ukraine, died on 15 July 1015 in Berestovo, Kiev, Ukraine ^²⁸⁵⁷ about age 60, and was buried in Church Of The Ti, Kiev, Ukraine. Other names for St were Saint Vladimir, and Vladimir I Svyatoslavich.

2059363768792. Ernst I, Duke Of SWABIA ⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3169 was born about 985 in Peochlam, Niedeneosterreich, Austria and died on 31 May 1015 about age 30. Another name for Ernst was Ernest II D' AUTRICHE.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 1012-1015.

Ernst married Gisela Konradiner, Herzögin Von SCHWABEN ²⁵¹⁵ ^,3169 ^,3170 in 1012 in Schwaben, Germany. Gisela was born on 11 November 995 in Schwaben, Germany ^³¹⁷⁰ and died on 16 February 1043 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2515^,3170} at age 47. Other names for Gisela were Gisele, and Osela.

2059363768793. Gisela Konradiner, Herzögin Von SCHWABEN,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2515 ^,3169 ^,3170 daughter of Hermann II Konradiner, Herzog Von SCHWABEN and Gerberge Des DEUX-BOURGOGNE, was born on 11 November 995 in Schwaben, Germany ^³¹⁷⁰ and died on 16 February 1043 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2515^,3170} at age 47. Other names for Gisela were Gisele, and Osela.

General Notes:
The daughter and heiress of Duke Hermann II von Schwaben and Gerberga de Bourgogne, she was regent after the death of her second husband, Duke Ernst I von Schwaben during the minority of their son, Ernst II, until she was removed from the regency because she and Ernst I was too closely related according to the Canon Law. She later married Konrad II, and she was crowned Queen of Germany, and Holy Roman Empress. The sources indicates that she was a vivid participant in the affairs of the realm and acted as joint regent of her husband, and it was trough her intervention that her relative, Rudolf III of Burgundy transferred the succession to his realm to her husband. She was also interested in the affairs of the church and intervened in the appointments of Bishops and Princely Abbots. She was not at good terms with her son, Heinrich III, and therefore she was less influential after Konrad's death. She lived (989-1043). ¹⁷⁴¹

Gisela married Conrad II Le Salien, Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,³¹⁶⁹ ^,3170 son of Henry Count Of SPEYER and Adelheide Of ALSACE, after 1016. Conrad was born about 990 in Bourgogne, France ^³¹⁶⁹ and died on 4 June 1039 in Utrecht, Netherlands ^{³¹⁶⁹^,3170} about age 49. Other names for Conrad were Le Salien=The Salian, Conrad II The Salic Of FRANCONIA, Conrad Ii, and King Of GERMANY.

Gisela next married Bruno II Count Of BRUNSWICK ²⁵¹⁵ about 1000 in 1st Husband 2ND Wife ²⁵¹⁵.^,3091 Bruno was born about 965 in Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany and died in 1011 about age 46. Other names for Bruno were Bruno Von BRAUNSCHWEIG Count Of Derlingau, and Bruno I Billungen D' OSTPHALIE.

Noted events in his life were:

• Alt. Death: Alt. Death, 1006. ²⁵¹⁵

Gisela next married Ernst I, Duke Of SWABIA ³¹⁶⁹ in 1012 in Schwaben, Germany. Ernst was born about 985 in Peochlam, Niedeneosterreich, Austria and died on 31 May 1015 about age 30. Another name for Ernst was Ernest II D' AUTRICHE.

2059363768800. Otto Duke Of CARINTHIA,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3001 ^,3002 son of Conrad II "The Wise" Duke Of LORRAINE and Luitgarde Princess of HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in 947 in Karnten, Austria ^³⁰⁰³ and died on 4 November 1004 ^{³⁰⁰¹^,3003^,3004} at age 57. Another name for Otto was Otho Duke Of FRANCONIA.

Otto married Judith (Adela) Of VERDUN ³⁰⁰¹.^,3002 Judith was born about 953 in Verdun, France. Other names for Judith were Adela, and Judith Of BAVARIA.

2059363768801. Judith (Adela) Of VERDUN,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,3001 ^,3002 daughter of Heinrich (Henry) Count Of VERDUN and Unknown, was born about 953 in Verdun, France. Other names for Judith were Adela, and Judith Of BAVARIA.

Judith married Otto Duke Of CARINTHIA ³⁰⁰¹.^,3002 Otto was born in 947 in Karnten, Austria ^³⁰⁰³ and died on 4 November 1004 ^{³⁰⁰¹^,3003^,3004} at age 57. Another name for Otto was Otho Duke Of FRANCONIA.

2059363768802. Gerhard I Von Hohenburg Count Of ALSACE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2710 son of Eberhard IV Von Hohenburg Count Of NORDGAU and Luitgarde (Bertha) Von METZ, was born about 945 in Equisheim, Alsace, France and died in 1024 about age 79.

Gerhard married Countess Of Lower Alsace Eva LUXEMBOURG ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2232.^,2400 Eva was born about 967 in Of, , Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

Gerhard next married Luitgarde. Luitgarde was born in 948 in Remiremont, Vosges, France.

2059363768803. Countess Of Lower Alsace Eva LUXEMBOURG,⁴¹⁵ ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2232 ^,2400 daughter of Siegfried Count Of LUXEMBOURG and Hedwig Countess Of LUXEMBOURG, was born about 967 in Of, , Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

Eva married Gerhard I Von Hohenburg Count Of ALSACE ¹⁶⁰¹.^,2710 Gerhard was born about 945 in Equisheim, Alsace, France and died in 1024 about age 79.

2059363768804. Duke Of Swabia Konrad I Konradiner, Herzog Von SCHWABEN,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,1447 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,1784 ^,1849 ^,2861 ^,2952 ^,3287 son of Conrad I, Duke Of ALSACE and Judith Von ÖHNINGEN, was born between 940 and 945 in Öhningen, Konstanz, Baden, Germany and died on 20 August 997 ^{²⁹⁵²^,3095^,3096} about age 56. Other names for Konrad were Conrad I, Konrad I KONRADINER, Cuno I, Count D' OEHNINGEN, Kuno Count Von OHNINGEN, Kuno I Von Öhningen, Count Of RHEINFELDEN, Konrad Ii, Herzog Von SCHWABEN, Conrad Ii, Duke SWABIA, Konrad, Duke Of SWABIA ³⁰⁹⁵.^{, and3096}

General Notes:
Alan Wilson, apparently has this Konrad being the same person as Conrad I of Alsace, born 915, elsewhere in my file. His ancestry ends up with the same great-grandfather (Geberhard of NiederLandgau), who is father of both Eberhard of Niederlandgau and Gebhard of Wettergau, but does not go through Udo Count of Wetterau, as AR does. Richard Borthwick states that this is the latest thinking of several genealogists, as indicated in the latest edition of ES, but that not everyone agrees. I am NOT following Alan's line, but have given Konrad of Rheingau as an alias to Konrad of Alsace, who Alan states is the same person. @@check ancestry

Konrad married Richilde, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ¹⁸⁴⁹ ^,3287 about 948 in -, Saxony, Germany. Richilde, was born about 925 in -, Saxony, Germany and died on 14 August 1014 ^¹⁸⁴⁹ about age 89. Other names for Richilde, were Richlint OTTONEN, Mathilde I von SACHSEN,¹⁷⁴¹ Richilde Von SACHSEN, and Richlint Von SACHSEN.

Konrad next married Judith Duchess Of SWABIA ¹⁶⁰¹ in <, , Schwaben, Bavaria>. Judith was born in 914 in Of, , Schwaben, Bavaria and died in Y.

2059363768805. Richilde, Imperial Princess Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1447 ^,1849 ^,2861 ^,3287 daughter of King Of The Germans Otto I "The Great" Emperor HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE and Empress Of Germany Eadgyth (Edith) Princess Of ENGLAND, was born about 925 in -, Saxony, Germany and died on 14 August 1014 ^¹⁸⁴⁹ about age 89. Other names for Richilde, were Richlint OTTONEN, Mathilde I von SACHSEN,¹⁷⁴¹ Richilde Von SACHSEN, and Richlint Von SACHSEN.

General Notes:
Daughter of Emperor Otto I, she was appointed the first Princess-Abbess - Reichsäbtissin - of Quedlinburg. She also acted as "domina imperialis", and followed her brother Otto II on journey to Italy and acted regent for her nephew, Otto III and as his representative in Sachsen with the additional titles of Metropolitana of Quedlinburg and Matrixcia of Sachsen (Substitute and Representive of the Emperor). She lived (955-999). ¹⁷⁴¹

Richilde, married Duke Of Swabia Konrad I Konradiner, Herzog Von SCHWABEN ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,1784 ^,1849 ^,2952 ^,3287 about 948 in -, Saxony, Germany. Konrad was born between 940 and 945 in Öhningen, Konstanz, Baden, Germany and died on 20 August 997 ^{²⁹⁵²^,3095^,3096} about age 56. Other names for Konrad were Conrad I, Konrad I KONRADINER, Cuno I, Count D' OEHNINGEN, Kuno Count Von OHNINGEN, Kuno I Von Öhningen, Count Of RHEINFELDEN, Konrad Ii, Herzog Von SCHWABEN, Conrad Ii, Duke SWABIA, Konrad, Duke Of SWABIA ³⁰⁹⁵.^{, and3096}

2059363768806. Count Of Paris Conrad I King Of BURGUNDY,⁴¹⁵ ^,505 ^,1444 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2913 ^,2994 son of Rudolph II Of Burgundy, King Of ITALY and Bertha Von SWABIA, was born in 924 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁵³⁹ and died on 19 October 993 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2323^,2909^,2913} at age 69. Other names for Conrad were Konrad I, Konrad The Peaceful, Le Pacifique=The Pacific, Peaceful, Conrad I King Of ARLES, Conrad I Le Pacifique, and Roi Des DEUX-BOURGOGNES.

Conrad married Matilda (Maud) Princess Of FRANCE ²⁹¹³ ^,2995 on 10 August 964 in 2ND Wife.²⁹¹³ Matilda was born about 943 in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France ^²⁹¹³ and died on 26 November 991 ^{²⁹⁰⁹^,2913} about age 48. Other names for Matilda were Matilda, and Mathilde CAROLINGIEN.

Conrad next married Adelaide Of BELLAY, daughter of Gebhard Konradiner, Graf Im UFGAU and Adela De VERMANDOIS, about 950 in 1st Wife. Adelaide was born about 935 in Germany and died before 964. Another name for Adelaide was Adalaide Of BELLAY.

Conrad next married Ælfgifu, daughter of Edward "The Elder" West Saxon King Of ENGLAND and Aelflaed (Aelfflaed) Of WILTSHIRE.

Conrad next married Aldiud.

2059363768807. Matilda (Maud) Princess Of FRANCE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1444 ^,2909 ^,2913 ^,2995 daughter of Louis IV "Transmarinus" King Of FRANCE and Gerberga Of SAXONY Abbess Of Notre Dame, was born about 943 in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France ^²⁹¹³ and died on 26 November 991 ^{²⁹⁰⁹^,2913} about age 48. Other names for Matilda were Matilda, and Mathilde CAROLINGIEN.

Matilda married Count Of Paris Conrad I King Of BURGUNDY ¹⁶⁰¹ ^,2913 ^,2994 on 10 August 964 in 2ND Wife.²⁹¹³ Conrad was born in 924 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁵³⁹ and died on 19 October 993 ^{¹⁴⁴⁷^,2323^,2909^,2913} at age 69. Other names for Conrad were Konrad I, Konrad The Peaceful, Le Pacifique=The Pacific, Peaceful, Conrad I King Of ARLES, Conrad I Le Pacifique, and Roi Des DEUX-BOURGOGNES.

2059363769094. William II Count Of Arles & PROVENCE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1524 ^,2681 son of Boso II Count Of Avignon & ARLES and Constance De PROVENCE, was born in 950 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France,^²⁶⁸² died in 994 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸³ at age 44, and was buried in Died As A Monk In Avignon, France.

William married Arsenda De COMMINGES ²⁶⁸⁴ in 1st Wife.²⁶⁸⁴ Arsenda was born about 953 in Comminges, Haute Garonne, Midi Pyrenees, France and died before 984.

William next married Countess Of Toulouse Adelaide (Blanche\Adele) D' ANJOU [Countess Of Gevaf ¹⁵²⁴ ^,1601 ^,2685 ^,2686 ^,2687 after 984 in 4th Husband 2ND Wife.²⁶⁸⁵ Adelaide was born about 945 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France ^²⁶⁸⁸ and died in 1026 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸² about age 81.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Alt. Marriage: Alt. Marriage, 975. ¹⁵²⁴ 1st wife

• Alt. Marriage: Alt. Marriage 1st wife, 975. ¹⁵²⁴

2059363769095. Arsenda De COMMINGES,⁴¹⁵ ^,2684 daughter of Arnaud I Count Of COMMINGES & Carcassonne and Arsinde Countess Of CARCASSONNE, was born about 953 in Comminges, Haute Garonne, Midi Pyrenees, France and died before 984.

Arsenda married William II Count Of Arles & PROVENCE ¹⁵²⁴ ^,2681 in 1st Wife.²⁶⁸⁴ William was born in 950 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France,^²⁶⁸² died in 994 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸³ at age 44, and was buried in Died As A Monk In Avignon, France.

2059363769108. Raymond V Taillefer Count Of TOULOUSE ⁴¹⁵ ^,2151 ^,2689 ^,2690 was born in 947 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France ^²¹⁵¹ and died about 990 about age 43.

2059363769109. Countess Of Toulouse Adelaide (Blanche\Adele) D' ANJOU [Countess Of Gevaf,⁴¹⁵ ^,1524 ^,1601 ^,1746 ^,2685 ^,2686 ^,2687 daughter of Foulques II "Le Bon" Comte D' ANJOU Count Of Anjou and Countess Of Anjou Gerberga De GATINAIS, was born about 945 in Anjou/Pays-DE-La-Loire, France ^²⁶⁸⁸ and died in 1026 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸² about age 81.

Noted events in his life were:

• Ruled: 979-986 (joint with father), 986-987. ²⁶⁹²

2059363769230. William II Count Of Arles & PROVENCE,⁴¹⁵ ^,1524 ^,2681 son of Boso II Count Of Avignon & ARLES and Constance De PROVENCE, was born in 950 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France,^²⁶⁸² died in 994 in Arles, Bouches-Du-Rhone, Provence, France ^²⁶⁸³ at age 44, and was buried in Died As A Monk In Avignon, France.

William married Arsenda De COMMINGES ²⁶⁸⁴ in 1st Wife.²⁶⁸⁴ Arsenda was born about 953 in Comminges, Haute Garonne, Midi Pyrenees, France and died before 984.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Alt. Marriage: Alt. Marriage, 975. ¹⁵²⁴ 1st wife

• Alt. Marriage: Alt. Marriage 1st wife, 975. ¹⁵²⁴

2059363769231. Arsenda De COMMINGES,⁴¹⁵ ^,2684 daughter of Arnaud I Count Of COMMINGES & Carcassonne and Arsinde Countess Of CARCASSONNE, was born about 953 in Comminges, Haute Garonne, Midi Pyrenees, France and died before 984.

2059363769536. Guiscard Seigneur De HAUTEVILLE, son of Hialti Seigneur De HAUTEVILLE and Unknown, was born about 888 in Hauteville, Manche, Normandy, France and died about 940 about age 52.

Guiscard married.

The child from this marriage was:

1029681884768 i. Tancred Seigneur De HAUTEVILLE (born about 910 in Hauteville, Manche, Normandy, France - died about 980)

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