9 May 1989 Richard Mobley P.0. Box 2?9 Russellville, AR 72801 Dear Richard, Sorry being so long in getting this copy of those pages from McMasters book "History of Fairfield County South Caroline" to you. Didn't notice until after I had these copied that Mcmasters had intermarried with Mobleys. Was going back through the two books I have about Mobleys when I suddenly realized why McMaster would have the same Mobley-LoveJoy story in his history as in those books. Just wish I had copied entire chapters rather than Just misc pages. However, when I ordered the book on inter library loan, I wanted it for data on Bonners, Fosters and Robertsons, with a possible Robertson relationship to Camerons. So I really got more than I bargained for. I'm still trying to find a copy of Shannon of Fairfield County, or as I was previously told, Shannons and Connections by William and Sara Shannon. Apparently it has data on my Shannons, including Lucretia daughter of David Shannon and Mary Mobley Shannon. By the way, I don't have the Fuller book ready for publication just yet, am still working on it. We hope to have it to the publishers sometime later this summer or early fall. After it is published, will send you copies of the pages pertinent to the Mobleys. At the time I "pulled up" the listing of Mobleys I sent, didn't bother to "pull out" the information as it will be in the book. Do appreciate the information you sent of where you had researched in England. Don't know when I'll make my trip to Europe as it depends on when our daughter who works in Germany will be in the States. My trip will be at a time she will be able to take leave and help me research, thus if she comes to the states this summer or fall, will wait until next spring. Since she just moved from Heidelberg to Reimhberg, she hasn't been able to finalize plans for a trip to the states. Anyway, will contact you when I know a certain date and perhaps we can work together. Even if the enclosed doesn't help any, think you will find some of the material most interesting. Sincerely, Nina Marie (Mrs. Harlan M. Fuller) 29 Beachcomber Dr Belton, TX 76513-9707 (817) 780-1672 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY SOUTH CAROLINA FROM "Before the White Man Came" to 1942 BY FITZ HUGH McMASTER Native of Fairfild County With New Index By Margaret H. Cannon, Ph.D. THE REPRINT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS SPARTANBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA 1980 14 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY He had doubtless become of age, since 1764. In this he recites that one of these tracts is bounded on the northwest by lands of Ann Leyther. So far as Col. John Lyles, mentioned by Mills, is concerned, the earliest record shows that he was granted 300 acres on the southwest side of Broad River, (Newberry County) May 12, 1763. He has two other tracts, one of 350 acres and one of 500 acres granted him September 8, 1773, and November 24, 1774, respectively, both "between the Broad and Saludy (sic) Rivers, southwest side of Broad River," which puts him in Newberry, not Fairfield County The first mention of Richard Kirkland is when 350 acres are laid out for him "on the Wateree River, foot of Wateree Creek," "by George Hunter, His majesty's surveyor," under a precept dated May 5, 1752, but the survey was not made until July 27, 1753, nearly a year after the order had been issued. And there seem to have been earlier settlers for his lands are bounded, in part, by those of Richard Greggrie (Gregory), and Joseph Cates. Richard and Joseph Kirkland had come to Camden about 1752 with a group of Quakers," companion settlers, though not members of the sect." Of those mentioned by Dr. Meriwether, Purmont Carey had 100 acres in the forks of Broad and Little Rivers, order for survey, 1749. not surveyed until 1756, bounded in part by lands of John Hughes. 1749: Daniel Rees had 300 acres. 1749-50: James Andrews, 150 acres, 1752; Thomas Owen, 250 acres, 1752; Lawrence Free, 400 acres, 1752. George Strother and John Fairchild made the surveys. It appears from the records that Richard Gregory, whose name has been entered by some clerk as Greggrie, had 278 acres laid out for him on Wateree Creek, south of Wateree River, 1748-49, survey by John Liviston. About the same time Richard Spencer had 400 acres on Little River, north side of Broad, 1749, survey by John Pearson. William Hart gets 150 acres on Beaver Dam Creek, May 6, 1754, Jacob Free, 200 acres northeast side of "Broad River on a branch called Beaver Creek, Oct. 3, 1755, surveyed by John Hamilton. Joseph Cates has 400 acres on Wateree Creek, 1749-50. His plat shows "paths" to John Cates, and one to John Mitchell, and one to John Stubb. Solomon McGraw has 100 acres on Broad River June 2, 1752. Michael Miller has 200 acres on Broad River, "on branch called Beaver ORIGIN OF THE WHITE Settlement 15 Creek," survey by John Hamilton, October 3, 1755. Moses Kirkland, 100 acres on Wateree Creek, 1753. He has 3743 acres in different tracts in several other districts than Fairfield. His survey was made by John Hamilton, and the plat shows a path to another tract of his. He is bounded by Frederick Pines who has 100 acres on Wateree Creek, 1753. Ann Lyther whose lands bounds the Liles grant, has 100 acres on Broad River, and Beaver Creek, 1752-53. There are several paths marked on her plat, one to Sanford, one to Catawbas, and a horse path. A house is marked in the middle of her plat. John Pearson surveyed her land. The earliest record of Thomas Woodward is 200 acres on Broad River, May 1, 1761, 50 acres on Cedar Creek, north side of Broad River, Dec. 7, 1763, 200 acres same location Feb. 28, 1765, surveyed by John Winn; 1644 acres on Cedar Creek, 1771, of which 1494 came from Isaac Porcher who had gotten them in 1770 and 1771 by agreeing to pay a quit rent, two years after date, of three shillings sterling, or four shillings proclamation money per 100 acres. He sold them to Thomas Woodward. There is one tract of 100 acres to Thomas Woodward, on Austin's Mill Creek in 1772, and 400 acres on Mill Creek in 1775. John Gibson has 100 acres on the south side of Wateree River on Wateree Creek, Feb. 28, 1765, survey by John Winn. The Mobberlys (Mobley), Edward, John, Samuel, William, Clement. Eleazer, and Benjamin, are found with many grants recorded from 1769 to 1775, but probably settled ten or more years before the recording dates. Probably there was much more but roughly calculated these amount to about 4,000 acres. There are on record in the Index to Memorials in the office of the Historical Commission six grants of land to John Waggoner with a total of 800 acres from May, 1764 to December, 1774. It is probable that "Waggoner" was misspelling, and that this John was the same who had 100 acres, for which the survey made Oct. 12, 1770. This was on Reedy Branch, of Broad River, and it has been satisfactorily determined that this was the Hans Wagner, who came into Fairfield with the Mobleys and Beam families. He had adopted the English John for the Dutch Johan, of which Hans was an abbreviation. In the Mobley surveys mention is made of boundaries on lands of Job Meadows, William Phillips, William Harth, Jacob Free, John Wagener, Albert Beam, William Coleman, and some of the 16 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY surveys seem to have been made by James_Wagner, the signature being unmistakable. Albert Beam has 100 acres on Reedy Creek, branch of Beaver Creek, March 27, 1773, also 50 acres Dec. 1, 1772, probably settled long before this. Ezekiel Beam has a warrant for 100 acres on branch of Mill Creek May 3, 1768. John Philips, who during the Revolution was a Colonel in the British army, had 2,050 acres in several grants from 1761 to 1774. All of these were not in Fairfield. John Winn and Joseph Gledney were surveyors for some of these. John Marpole and James Rutland had grants on Little River, in 1764 and 1766. Joseph Owens has 100 acres on the head of Jackson Creek, 1768. John Winn has nine grants, not all in Fairfield, to 2,481 acres, the first being in 1769 and the last in 1775. Richard Winn was surveyor of some of these. It is possible that one of these to John Winn, in Berkeley County was another man than the one for whom Winnsboro is named. Minor Winn has 800 acres in 1773. While there are no grants to Richard Winn before the Revolution there are 3,316 acres in a number of tracts granted to him for $10.00 a hundred acres from 1784 to 1808. These are in several parts of the State. Of course no effort is made to cover all grants in the county, and those given are more or less fortuitous. In the office of the register of mesne conveyance in Charleston, book V-V 268, there is a conveyance April 5, 1759 (32nd year of the reign of George II) of 100 acres by Solomon McGraw, planter, and his wife Anne, to James Leslie, blacksmith, the land being on the west side of Little River. The witnesses are John Gibson and Elizabeth McGraw. In the same office there are several grants to Samuel Mobberly, (Mobley) yeoman, one of 100 acres by Thomas Meador, book C-4, 201. This is on Beaver Creek, north side of Broad River in 1770, and two in 1772, by John Waggoner (Hans Wagner), miller, 150 acres on Little River, bounded by lands of William Alls, and Richard Spencer, witnessed by Selah Delashmet, book C-4-205, and another by John Waggoner, book C-4, 210, the witnesses being Selah Delashmet and John Halsey, sworn to before Richard Winn. There are doubtless scores of other such transfers, and these are given to indicate the activity in real estate immediately before the Revolution, and following the influx from Virginia and upper colonies following Braddock's defeat in 1755. Origin of the White Settlement 17 Two years before, at a conference in Charleston beginning July 4, 1753, negotiations were had with the Creeks and Cherokees, whereby in the fall of that year a large area was purchased and a fort erected at Keowee. Fairfield, Chester and Richland are sometimes stated to have been included in this purchase, but that does not seem likely as Fairfield and Chester were under Catawba Indian control, and the Catawbas had been limited to a reservation of 15 square miles in what is now the upper part of York County, by a treaty made at Augusta, Ga., 1763, and attended by a large number of Indians and representatives of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Fairfield was practically free from Indian troubles, and the killing of Ephraim Lyles and others of his family at a date before this, is now generally accepted to have been done by white men disguised as Indians on account of a dispute as to lands in North Carolina claimed by Lyles. But while Fairfield was free from Indian troubles it has troubles in company with the whole up-country because of its distance from Charleston, the capital of the colony, and the place of sittings for all courts. While orderly settlers had come following the defeat of Braddock, disorderly soldiers of fortune came upon the ending of the French and Indian wars in 1758. Soon the settlers in the up-country were the prey of organized bands of robbers and horse thieves, and law officers were in Charleston, 150 miles away. "In the absence of courts of justice within their reach the inhabitants of this section found it necessary to form an association, which was called Regulation, and the persons composing it called Regulators." (McCrady, p. 594). By reference to the plat books in the office of the Secretary of State, in Columbia, it will be seen that Moses Kirkland owned 3,843 acres of land in ten grants, scattered over the colony, 1,000 being in Ninety-six district, 942 in Berkeley, 500 in Saxe-Gotha others elsewhere and one of 100 acres being in Fairfield, (book 5, p. 417) on Wateree Creek. Evidently he was an energetic, enterprising man. He became a leading "Regulator," others being Thomas Woodward and Barnaby Pope, the latter being in Newberry. Pope does not appear to have had lands in Fairfield, his grants generally being west of Broad River, on the Saluda. 24 HISTORY 0P FAIRFIELD COUNTY pasture and pass resolutions, and denounce the Royal Government. Christopher Gadsden was the first, and for a time the only man of recognized "standing" in Charleston who joined them. They became very turbulent and riotous before they brought the "upper classes" of Charleston to their view. They stormed the home of Henry Laurens, searched his premises, drank his wine, and trampled his gardens. They defeated Laurens and Pinckney as delegates, etc. A foolish English ministry, ruled by snobbishness soon estranged the colonists and caused the Revolution. Certain it is that in August, 1775, the Committee of Safety in Charleston sent William Henry Drayton, who had become an ardent radical, the Rev. William Tennent, a Presbyterian minister, the third of his name from New Jersey, who was then pastor of the Independent Church in Charleston, Col. Richard Richardson and the Rev. Oliver Hart, a Baptist minister "to make progress through the back-country to explain the causes of the present disputes between Britain and the Colonies, to secure a general union, and they were authorized * * * to call upon the officers of the militia and rangers for assistance, support and protection." (Howe, "History of Presbyterian Church in South Carolina, pp. 366,-8-9). To Mr. Tennent individually, it seems, was assigned the territory between the Broad and Catawba Rivers. He is found preaching at Jackson's Creek Presbyterian Church. And while he indicates "great uneasiness already pervading the section. Captain Woodward's company of Rangers, of the Western part of Fairfield, all signed the Association, but in the same section about Jackson's Creek a large number were 'obstinantly fixed against the procedings of the Colony' though proper argument brought them to sign." (Leah Townsend's "South Carolina Baptists," 1670-1805, p. 178). The affray at Mobley's Meeting House, May 26, 1780 followed soon that at Beckham's Old Field, in the southeastern part of Chester County, in which the Whigs were led by Col. William Bratton of York, and Capt. John McLure of Chester are noted by McCrady as "the first uprising of the people." They preceded Musgrove's Mills, Kings Mountain and Cowpens, which marked the turning point of the war. There is no report of casualties at either of the affrays. A somewhat larger affair, and the only other one generally noted in Fairfield, was in March 1781, when Lord Rawdon, at LOYALIST IN REVOLUTION 25 Camden sent a detachment of New York Volunteers under Captain Grey to attack a body of militia which had gathered on Dutchman's Creek. This Captain Grey did successfully, killing two captains and 16 privates, and capturing 18 prisoners without the loss of a single man. (McCrady, 1780-1783, p. 126-127). General Greene who was encamped on Sawney's Creek, and on Colonel's Creek in the Harrison neighborhood on May 9 and 10, 1781, after taking Granby he moved up to Ninety-Six where he was May 21. He then came back into Fairfield, crossing Broad River at Fish Dam June 25 and was in Fairfield, north of Winnsboro until July 3, 1781. Quoting from a sketch by Col. Richard H. McMaster, "Johnson, in his Life of Greene, states that the General came to Tim's Ordinary, 11 miles east of Lyles' Ford and gave his army two days rest 'at Big Spring on Rocky Creek, in the present district of Fairfield'." On July 3, 1781, from the same source it is learned that General Greene was at Cockrell, (White Oak). The name of the one "Continental" or regular army company from Fairfield, commanded by Capt. John Buchanan, and two companies of State Troops, one commanded by Capt. Thomas Woodward, first, and subsequently by Capt. Richard Winn, and the other commanded by Capt. Robert Ellison, are to be found later herein. 28 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY 1880 27,765 6,885 20,880 1890 28,599 7,139 21,460 1900 29,425 7,050 22,775 1906 29,917 estimated. 1910 29,442 7,065 22,3777 1920* 27,159 6,487 20,G72 1930 23,287 7,599 15,690 1940 24,187 9,217 14,970 The study of the population figures of the county that the 200 years (approximately) of its settlement shows it contained the greatest number of white people in 1830, where there were 9,705, a figure not reached in 1940, 110 years after, when there were 9,192. But there is this significant fact that whereas the white population decreased from 9,705 in 1830 to 7,660 in 1840 (due to Nullification, anti-slavery agitation and migration to the new lands of the west), the figure for 1940, shows an increase of 2,627 from 1930. On the other hand the Negro population shows a steady increase from 1790 to 1900, with a heavy decrease from 1920 to 1930 due to very large migration to the Northern manufacturing centers. This migration continued, but with much lessened force, from 1930 to 1940. In contrast with neighboring counties Fairfield shows remarkable differences in Negro population. In 1840 the Negro population of Fairfield was 12,578, of Chester, 7,858, of Kershaw, 8,293, of Richland, 11,071 and of Newberry, 10,142. In 1880, of Fairfield, 20,880; of Chester, 16,517; of Kershaw, 13,642; of Richland, 19,388; and of Newberry, 18,261. Each of the other counties named had a larger white population than Fairfield. In 1860, just before the Confederate war, Fairfield had 15,504 Negroes, Chester, 10,838; Kershaw, 7,841; Richland, 11,005; Newberry, 13,695. Since the Confederate War, Fairfield has been the one "black" county in the Piedmont. ---------- * Twenty square miles of the county were annexed to Richland County in 1913. The population in this area, 14,269 acres, was estimated to be about 1,500. CHAPTER V THE SOCIAL LIFE There is a sparkle of romance about the earliest social life in Fairfield which twinkles to this day about 200 years thereafter. Phoebe Lovejoy, the little Quakeress, shot through by Cupid's bow, incurs the displeasure of William Penn, marries a Mobley, flees to Maryland with her husband, and a descendant was the first of that name in Fairfield, and this descendant had married a DeRuel, a French Huguenot. A later descendant married a daughter of another French Huguenot, Marie DeLashrnette, who was the wife of a Hollander, Hans Wagner. This was as early as 1768, some say, 1736, but probably in error. The Mobley branch was pure English. About the same time or a little earlier the Lyles family, English had moved into Fairfield, in the west, a Kirkland, about 1752, had come into the eastern part, and it is said of him that he had 50 brood mares. It is fitting to quote what Dr. Patterson Wardlaw said of Prof. R. Means Davis, native of Fairfield, one time principal of Mt. Zion, and later professor of History at the South Carolina College. Says Dr. Wardlaw; "He (Prof. Davis) was born into and reared in the solid aristocracy of Fairfield, based on sterling worth, with very little toleration for snobbish foolishness. "There are certain favored spots in South Carolina where the sturdiness (stubboness, if you will) of the Scotch-Irish has been tempered by a mingling of the elegance of the English, and the exquisite refinement of the Huguenot, the result being a blend finer than any of its ingredients. Such a spot was Winnsboro with its adjacent territory, which in its earliest settlement had a mingling of the three elements, and which in the second quarter of the 19th century was augmented by additions of English and French from the coast country. "The young Davis grew up with the tastes, the refinement, the ideals, the chivalry of his class, and, inescapably, with some of its prejudicies. But there was in him nothing of the snob. Pride of descent meant, with him, no ersatz superiority, to be flaunted in the face of the less fortunate, but, rather, it signified self respect, opportunity and obligation to render service-noblesse oblige." 74 History Of Fairfield County "Another distinguished godly man and scholar, John Nicholas Martin, a Lutheran preacher from Germany, in those early days built Bethesda Auf der Morven, a church in the southwestern part of Fairfield which was used by any denomination for services. Being an itinerant, he preached and taught over much of the county far north of Winnsboro, thus stamping his culture and piety on these scattered settlers. After many changes, even to its location, old Bethesda Auf der Morven, at last found itself on the site of the present Crooked Run Church, which many years hence became a Baptist church and received the name Crooked Run. It is said the old church was sold and the timbers were largely used to build a house near where Alex Robinson lives. "This place in Revolutionary days was owned by Stephen Gibson 1st, whose wife was a daughter of Barnaby Pope, the old Regulator. Two other famous Regulators were Thomas Woodward and Joseph Kirkland." Probably one of the next earliest places of worship in the county was the Mobley Meeting House, in the north central part of the county. The Moberley-s, (Mobley) Beam-s, Wagner-s had come down from Maryland, and Virginia, about 1758. The Mobley Meeting House was built near where they settled. While the Moberley-s were originally Episcopalians this meeting house, so-called, was for the use of any denomination. It never became notable for religious worship, but its name lives because of an affray between Tories and Whigs during the Revolutionary War, when the Tories were put to rout. A very notable man, whose regularly assigned church was about three miles across the line in Chester County, but who preached at Jackson Creek, Winnsboro, and the Wolf Pit, (now site of Mt. Olivet, Wateree Church) was the Rev. William Martin. He was a Covenanter preacher, a graduate of the University of Glascow, who came to America in 1772, and settled on Rocky Creek, Chester County. If as Bancroft and others say that the battle of King's Mountain was the turning point of the Revolutionary War, then the Rev. William Martin may be considered as a contributing cause to American independence. The accounts given in Mrs. Ellet's "Women of the Revolution, "volume 3, pages 117, and 164 indicate that sermons preached by Mr. Martin incited the success- Education and Religious Life 75 ful attack on the British at Beacham's Old Field, which was followed by the affray at Mobley's Meeting House in Fairfield. Musgrove's Mills, Cowpens and King's Mountain followed in succession. The first two named affrays McCrady designates as the first up-rising of the people after the fall of Charleston. The Covenanter church has disappeared in South Carolina, but its adherents became absorbed into the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. After the Revolutionary war the Rev. T. H. McCaule, a Presbyterian minister was the first principal of Mt. Zion College, now academy, at Winnsboro, and the first graduating class of five members from that school all became ministers of the gospel. Mr. McCaule preached at what is now Mt. Olivet, and other Presbyterian Churches in the county. From a small volume entitled "Experience, Labors and Suffering of Rev. James Jenkins of the South Carolina Conference", pages 156-8, the beginnings of Methodism in Fairfield are told: "1808 * * * "In the course of the year I was solicited to send an appointment to Winnsboro, twenty-five miles from my residence. The wife of Captain Buchanan who resided in the place, entertaining some partiality for the Methodist Episcopal Church, in consequence of some of her relatives having recently become members; through a friend of the above named gentlemen and lady, I received an invitation to call at their house, in the event of my making an appointment. Accordingly upon my arrival at the place, I found these friends and was treated by them with great kindness and hospitality. Captain Buchanan had been an officer in the Revolution, and no one, perhaps, stood higher in the confidence and steem of the whole district than himself. He and Mrs. B. considered themselves Presbyterians. A Presbyterian minister had charge of the academy, and preached in the courthouse, though he had no organized church. "On my first visit I preached in the courthouse in the morning; but in consequence of the indisposition of Mrs. B. I preached in the afternoon at the captain's house. He censured my preaching in one respect, viz., it was too loud for him. The minister objected to my preaching there altogether, on the grounds of unkindness. He said to one of my friends, that it was like taking bread out of his mouth. I thought, if bread was all that he was after, it 92 History of Fairfield County Charleston or, in some cases, to New York. Another business full of excitement and profit was hunting. Many a drove of pack mules has gone from this region down to Charleston laden with buffalo tongues, or skins of the beaver, panther or bear. After breadstuffs one of the first articles to repay the labor of the farm was tobacco. Far down into the present century hogsheads of tobacco were carried down to Columbia or Charleston. Each hogshead was on a truck, or rather each was made into a truck by putting wheels to it and a single horse was hitched to it. Two fairs were held annually for maw years, in May and October, from Tuesday until Friday, for the sale of horses, cattle, grain, hemp, flax, tobacco and indigo. In that simple age these fairs answered in place of daily paper, arrival of oars and public days. No historian was there to record it, so that we are left to fancy the different currents of business, politics, friendship, love and gossip, news from "home," which met on this spot, when the dwellers in their streams came together with the gathered curiosity and excitement of a half year. Here all the passions which elevate or degrade, refine or corrupt our nature found their excitement and gratification. "The thoughts we are thinking, they too would think, From the death we are shrinking from, they too would shrink, To the life we are clinging to, they too would cling, But it sped from their grasp, like a bird on the wing." It may be feared that these fairs were often a faithful imitation of the Irish original, the glass of grog and the shelalah not excepted. These fairs came down in some form to the memory of some now living, but after the organization of county courts, court week and salesdays gradually supplanted them. In the country places the transition stage was long marked by the itinerant peddler, that very necessary character in a certain stage in the history of civilization. The population here was not so homogeneous as in some of the adjoining districts as York and Chester. Whig and Tory were more equally divided. The bloody scout never came east of Broad River, but the dwellers on these hills took different views of interest and duty when the great question of allegiance come to the last decisive test. Communities, and families even, were divided. Whig and Tog were next door neighbors, using, in some instances, the same spring, watching, and even waylaying each other. This gave rise History or Fairfield 93 to many incidents of personal daring and suffering. But these divisions were not as lasting after the war as might have been expected. There were noble spirits on the conquering side who rose to the height from which they could say to the weaker part. "We have disarmed you by force, we will now conquer you by kindness:' Many of the last survivors of those times refused to tell the younger generation the names of those who had taken the wrong side. In many cases the children of those who had fought each other formed alliances of business, friendship, or even love, and thus sympathies and affection flowed together again like "sister streams which some rude interposing rook had split" This is doubtless one reason why so many incidents of the Revolution have perished, or, torn from the details of time, person and place, which alone give an incident a definite existence or a vivid place on the historic page, have lost all local interest. Some may lament, others may affect to despise or be ashamed of this trait of our nature, but, if you call it a weakness, it is not without its alleviations and its compensations. It would be sad indeed, and would go farther to make society intolerable, if the intense passions of war should be handed down, uncalmed, through years of peace. Cornwallis' Headquarters Our district is not so rich in Revolutionary incidents and associations as either one of our neighbors, York, Chester, Lancaster or Kershaw. No battle was fought in this county. After the fall of Charleston the first ray of light in the general gloom which followed (June, 1779) was from a gallant little affair planned in Winnsboro by Bratton, Winn and McClure, and carried out at Mobley's Meeting house, 12 miles west of this, where the Tories had a little garrison. The gallant Sumter alluded to this exploit with pride many years after in congress. The chief association which binds Winnsboro to the Revolution arises from a short residence of Cornwallis after the battle of King's Mountain which took place October 7, 1780. After the fall of Charleston in the spring of that year, the state was considered a conquered province and Cornwallis, then chief commander in the South, had begun his northern march to finish the work. But when the success at King's Mountain (October) revived the hopes of the colonists, he fell back from Charlotte to this place, in order to take his position between 116 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY 1782. John Adair, Henry Hunter, Joseph Kirkland, Edward Lacey, William Kirkland, Robert Lyell, Charles Miles, John Pearson, William Reeves, Richard Winn. 1785. Col. Edward Lacey, John Adair, Col. Joseph Kirkland, Col. Richard Winn, William Strother, James Knox, Thomas Taylor. 1788. James Craig, Thomas Baker, James Knox, John Turner, Aromanus Lyles, John Cooke, James Pedian. Later in the year are to be found the names of Minor Winn, and John Gray. 1789. Edward Lacey, John Turner, William Meyer, John Gray, James Pedian, James Knox, George Gill, Jacob Brown, John Cooke, Aromanus Lyles. In January, 1790 for the district between the Broad and Catawba Rivers the names of John Turner, William Meyer, John Gray, James Pedian, George Gill, John Cooke, Aromanus Lyles and Arthur Brown Ross appear as the representatives. The constitution of June, 1790 gave Fairfield two representatives. They follow: 1792 For Fairfield alone, Major Aromanus Lyles, and Capt. John Turner. 1794 John Turner and James Kincaid 1796 and 1797 the same, but Kincaid not recorded as attending in 1797. 1798 John Boykin and Thomas Means. 1799 James Kincaid and Thomas Means. 1800 same as 1799. 1802 John McCreary and Thomas B. Franklin. 1804 David R. Evans only one recorded as attending. 1806 Major William Strother, and Samuel Alston. 1808 Major William Strother only one recorded as attending. There were four representatives after 1810 for a time. 1810 Caleb Clarke, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Alston, John Woodward, Jr. 1812 Caleb Clarke, John Woodward, Wm. F. Pearson, Austin F. Peay. 1814 Wm. F. Pearson, Samuel Alston, Abner Ross, John Woodward. 1816 Wm. F. Pearson, Abner Ross, Austin F. Peay, Joshua Player. COUNTY OFFICERS 117 1818 Philip Edward Pearson, Jonathan Davis, John Buchanan, Wm. Woodward. 1820 Philip E. Pearson, Jas. Barkeley, Jr., Wm. Bratton, Jno. B. McCall. 1822 James Barkley, Wm. Bratton, Austin F. Peay, and Wm. Brown. 1824 Jesse Havis, Thomas Lyles, Austin F. Peay, James Barkley. 1826 David Montgomery, James Barkley, Wm. Brown, John Bonner. 1828 George R. Hunter, Austin F. Peay, Thomson T. Player and Bund B. Cook. 1830 Austin F. Peay, Thomson T. Player, Thomas Lyles, and James G. Barkley. 1832 John Buchanan, John D. Kirkland, Thomas Lyles, Thomson T. Player. 1834 John Buchanan, Thomas Llyes, John B. McCall and Joseph A. Woodward. 1836 David McDowell, David H. Means, John Buchanan and John I. Myers. 1838 John Buchanan, Wm. S. Lyles, Edward G. Palmer, and David McDowell. 1840 E. G. Palmer, Jos. A. Woodward, Wm. J. Alston and John S. Meyers. 1842 E. G. Palmer, J. D. Strother, W. J. Alston and O. Wood ward. 1844 John H. Means, Edward G. Palmer, James R. Aiken, W. J. Alston. 1846 S. H. Owens, Edward G. Palmer, Jas. R. Aiken, W. W. Boyce. 1847 James R. Aiken, W. W. Boyce, Samuel H. Owens. 1848 J. T. Owens, W. R. Robertson, Joseph Aiken, D. Crosby, Col. David Crosby died during term of office. 1850 W. S. Lyles, Wm. R. Robertson, Henry H. Clarke. 1851 W. S. Lyles, H. H. Clarke, W. R. Robertson. 1852 H. H. Clark, J. N. Shedd, R. B. Boylston. 1854 R. B. Boylston, H. H. Clarke, W. M. Bratton. 1856 W. M. Bratton, R. B. Boylston, H. H. Clarke. 1858 Henry C. Davis, R. B. Boylston, James B. McCants. Chapter XV FAIRFIELD IN THE WARS Revolutionary War Soldiers From What Is Now Fairfield County Pay Roll of Capt. John Buchanan's Company in the 6th South Carolina or The Continental Establishment Commanded by Lieut. Col. William Henderson from the first August to the first December 1779. Names-John Buchanan, Captain; Robert Buchanan, Lieutenant; John Edrington, James Hamilton, Sr., James Hamilton, Jr., Sergeants; William Wofford, John Harper, Corporals; Christopher Loving, Drummer; John Morgan, Adjutant; John Hamilton, William Campbell, Robert Collins, William Daves, John Charles, John Harvison, Nathan Evans, George Fuller, Dan Fuller, Nathaniel Gordon, Knight Knight, John Lee, John McCrae, William McAlilly, John McKee, Alexander McMullen, Gedion Scurry, Charles Smith, Aron Tilly, Absolum Worford, John Wright, George Yates, David Anderson. No evidence, his command is not mentioned later. No record after September 1775 of Woodward in Progress. Captain Woodward's Company From a return of the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates belonging to the Eighth company of Rangers of Capt. Thomas Woodward, commanded by Col. William Thompson, now in camp at Mineral Springs, near the Congaree, August 7, 1775: Capt. Thomas Woodward, 46 years old; 1st Lieut. Richard Wynne, 25; 2nd Lieut. John Woodward, 28; Sergeants John Smith, 28; William Boyd, 27. Drummer William Wilson, John Owens, James Pickett, James Owens, John Carr, John Carson, John Henderson, Daniel Oaks, Francis Henderson, William Henderson, Jacob Frazier, Henry Wimpey, Benjamin May, Charnal Durham, James Anderson, William Rayford, Matthew Rayford, Benjamin McGraw, Augustine Hancock, William Owens, John McDonald, Francis McDonald, Thomas Guther, Pritchard Stone, John Jacobs, John Bull, Joseph Owens, Thomas Willingham, Edward McGraw, Benjamin Mitchell, William Dugans (31). FAIRFIELD IN THE WARS 121 The foregoing is found on page 122, Vol. 1, No. 2, S. C. Hist & Gen. Mag. Robert Ellison's Company In Vol. 1, pages 195-196, S. C. Hist. & Gen. Mag., is found the company of Capt. Robert Ellison, as of date Sept. 2, 1775: Capt. Robert Ellison, 1st Lieut.; James Sanders, 2nd Lieut.; John Ellison, Alexander Boyes, Eleazor Gore, John Ashford Gore, David Hamilton, Samuel Armstrong, James T. Kennedy, William Martin, John Martin, Cato West, Edward Bland, Alex McDowle William Penny, James McDowell, David McCreight, James McCreight, Robert Gray, Samuel Dods, James Dods, William Wilson, Alex McQuarters, John Askew, Andrew McDole, William McCallister, Robert Potts, William McLvey, James Morison, Ales Robinson, James McQuoin, John Agnew; James McMullen, William Young, James Hanin, Thomas Saint. There were men from Fairfield in other commands. In the office of the Historical Commission there is a file to James Kincaid in which the pay roll shows that he served as sergeant in Captain Kirkland's company, Colonel Goodwin's regiment 52 days, from December 26, 1778 to February 7, 1779; 365 days as private horseman in Capt. John Gray's company from July 19, 1780 to July 10, 1781, and 235 days as Lieutenant on horseback from July 19, 1781 to March 11, 1782. WAR OF 1812 Through the courtesy of Col. Richard H. McMaster we are enabled to give herewith the muster roll of Fairfield County for the War of 1812: Muster roll of Capt. William McCreight's company of Light Infantry volunteers of a regiment of South Carolina militia in the service of the United States, commanded by Lieut. Col. Adam McWillie, from their commencement of service to November 20, 1814: "William McCreight, captain; Thomas Russell, first lieutenant; Archibald Beaty, ensign; Daniel H. Kerr, sergeant; David Jamison, sergeant; James Brice, sergeant; William Kingston, sergeant; John Workman, corporal; Elijah Stiman, corporal; James McBride, corporal; Hugh Henry, corporal (discharged November 20, 1814-an alien enemy). 158 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY Beauregard was at Ridgeway on February 17th and 18th, while Governor Magrath was at Winnsboro. On the 19th Beauregard stopped for luncheon at Winnsboro and then moved on to White Oak where he spent the night. The next day he established his headquarters at Chester and remained there for two days and then moved to Charlotte. On February 22 General Joseph E. Johnson superseded him in command. Chapter XIX HEADS OF FAMILIES, FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1790 Camden District, Fairfield County The first number after the name is the number in the family, and the second, if any, is the number of slaves. David Andrews, 5-1; James Andrews, 9; John Andrews, 6; William Austin, 9--5; Owen Andrews, 6; Edward Andrews,7-5; Samuel Alston, 9-7; Amos Arledge, 7; Joseph Arledge, 7 ; James Andrews, 6-1; Clements Arledge, 9; Samuel Arnat, 8; James Austin, 10; George Ashford, 2; Thomas Amons, 9; Robert Adams, 7; Walter Aiken, 4; James Arnat, 11; James Arthur, 3; William Alsup, 10; Sarah Aiken, 7; William Adam, 4; Richard Adam, 3; John Aperson, 1; Belithe Adair, 8; Frederick Arick, 2; Joseph Ashley, 3; Mary Atchison, 6; John Aitheson, 5; Thomas Addison, 8; Christopher Addison, 6; James Alcorn, 5; John Armstrong, 4-1; Moses Ayers, 4; George Ashford, 1; John Abbot, 2; Isaac Arledge, 2-5; Moses Arledge, 1; Paul Anthony, 1; Ancrums, 100 slaves; Solomons Andrews, 10. William Bell, 3; Andrew Boyd, 5; John Bell, 2; William Boyd, 5; James Brown, 11; Patrick Brown, 2; Robert Boyd, 6; Mark Busby, 11; Mrs. Bennit, 1-3; John Bell, Jr., 4-6; John Briant, 3; Patrick Bishop, 5; Muscoe Boulware, 6; James Burks, 4; Fanny Blake, 4; Adam Blair, 9; William Brice, 3; Robert Brady, 2; Robert Bolard, 6; William Baird, 7; James Bowls, 6; John Brice, 4; Jacob Boney, 8; John Brunt, 8; Jesse Brown, 8; Joshua Badger, 7-1; Thomas Brewenton, 4; Mary Brown, 6; Alex. Brunt, 8; Samuel Boyd, 7; Jno. Brown, 2; Mrs. Bennet, 2--3; John Burns, 10; Elizabeth Burk, 5; John Boner. 10; David Boyd, 5; John Burns, 7; John Bishop, 8; John Brown, 5; William Burns, 8; Thomas Burns, 8; Thomas Brady, 3; Samuel Barker, 5; Jacob Barker, 6; Jacob Barker, Jr. 7; Benjamin Barker, 4; Brasil Brashear, 7; Jesse Beam, 5; Albert Beam, 9; George Bell, 5; Peter Betho, 5; William Broom, 9; John Blanton, 9-15; Jacob Brewbaker, 6; Thomas Bradford, 3-2; Margret Beesly, 2; George Beassly, 5; Samuel Beaty, 5; James Butler, 9; Ephraim Butler, 5; Jno. Blake, 2; Archibald Blake, 1; Wm. Ber'y, 3; Wm. Briant, 3; George Brown, 2-3; William Bradly, 7; Jacob Bethany, 8-2; Joseph Bishop, 8-6; Drury 160 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY Bishop, 10-1; Lewis Boltner, 6-2; John Buchanan, 2--3; Hugh Branon, 7; Sherard Bradley, 3; John Bradley, 1; William Bradley, 1; Dennis Burn, Jr., 5; Jonathan Belton, 4-10; Frederick Bugs, 6--4; Lewis Bradley, 1; Luke Bishop, 1; William Briant, 6; James Bishop, 7; John Bradford, 6; Benjamin Boyd, 9-4; Archelaus Blake, 5; John Briant, 6; Wm. Brazeal, 4; Jno. Blake, 2; Michael Bird, 6; Edw. Briant, 1; Wuldrim Boylstone, 2-1; Geo. Boyleston, 2; Dennis Burns, 3; Stephen Brown, 4; Jno. Bradley, 1; Wm. Bradley, 2. Dudley Currey, 10-5; George Coon, 4; James Cameron, 4-1; Simon Cameron, 6; James Cameron, 3; Mary Campbell, 3; Jane Cardin, G; James Craig, 7-7; Jane Cameron, 3; Jacob Currey, 7-5; Peter Curry, 6-2; William Craig, 7; John Chappell, 1; Thomas Cameron, Jr., 2; Thomas Cameron, Sr., 6; Jas. Cameron, Burrill Cook, 3; John Cook, 12-33; David Cambell, 4; Stafford Curry, 11; Joseph Cathcart, 9; William Colvill, 7; Joseph Cameron, 4; Labon Cason, 1; Canon Cason, 5; John Caldwell, 5; Thomas Caldwell, 2; Moses Cockrell, 9; Samuel Colwell, 4-1; Moses Cockral, 6; Jeremiah Cockral, 3; Jane Clayton, 4; Peter Cooper, 4; Robert Coleman, 2; Thomas Coleman, 6; Francis Con, 7; Thomas Cockral, 4; George Cannamore, 7; Robert Coleman, Sr., 10-11; William Chapman, 9; William Coleman, 10; David Coleman, 4; John Cameron, 4; John Cork, 10; Andrew Cameron, 5; Emily Colaman, 6; Samuel Curry, 6; William Cason, 7; William Cato, 6; John Carter, 6; Daniel Cockran, 7-1; Catherine Craig, 7; Peter Crim, 8-4; Joseph Cloud, 6 ; Adam Cooper, 7; Edward Carrell, 3; Edward Calvert, 5; John Compte, 5-22; John Craig, 7; Peter Calvit, 8; John Calvit, 4; John Crosslin, 5; Daniel Crabb, 6; Samuel Crosslin, 4; Widow Cole, 6; William Cloud, 5-2; Joseph Cloud, 6; John Clayton, 1-12; Peter Crim, 8-4; Whitis Cason, 3-4; Widow Charleston, 5-6; Isaac Campbell, 4; Henry Crumpton, 6. John Dabney, 5; William Daniel, 14-15; James Daniel, 3-42; James Dodds, 4; John Dodds, 6; Jesse Dunn, 5; John Dunlap, 3-1; Joseph Dodds, 2; Thomas Dodds, 2; Joseph Davidson, 2; Robert Duncan, 2; Sarah Dunklin, 5; John Dickey, 9; Samuel Dodds, 1; James Dillard, 9; Edmond Dillard, 2; David Doughty, 6; John Dye, 8; Edward Day, 7-2; Hinson Day, 6; Bollard Day, 1; Benjamin Dove, 5; Benjamin Dove, Jr., 9; Leander Duggins, 3; William Dunn, 10; John Dortch, 5; Chirtopher Day, 3; Jonathan Dungan, 7; Prudence Durphy, 8-11; Charnell HEADS OF FAMILIES 1790 161 Derham, 7-2; William Dent, 4; Richard Duggans, 10; Joel Dunn, 9; Celia Dilashmate, 6; Moses Duke, 7-3; David Dunn, 7; Thomas Duke, 9-1; Robert Duke, 4; Samuel Duke, 11; William Dortch, 8-7; Hinson Day, 6-1; Mrs. Dansbie, 6-1; Edmund Davies, 4; George Durand, 5; Levi Davies, 2; James Dickason, 7; John Dozier, 5; John Dugins, 1; William Duggins, 3; Richard Dawkins, 9; Jesse Dawkins, 1; Adam Davies, 3; Thomas Dawkins, 6-1; Joshia Derham, 7-3; James Davies, 7--6; Matthew Day, 8. James Elliott, 2; John Ellison, 6-9; John Elliot, 7; Robert Ellison, 9; David Evans, 6-4; John Elliot, 7; John Elliot, Jr., 3; Robert Ewing, 4; William Ewing, 3: John Elders, 5; Christopher Ederington, 10-2; James Ederington, 7-5; Adam Ephart, 5; R. Davis Evans, 1-2; Robert Ellison, 9-15; John Elkin, 7; John Elliott, 10; Johnson Elkin, 8. Jesse Fort, 5-2; John Folley, 5; John Flowers, 6; John Friday, 7; Andrew Frazier, 3; Thomas Fletcher, 5; Rebecca Freeman, 8; William Frazire, 7; Timothy Foy, 2-1; George Foy, 3--4; Hezekiah Ford, 4-8; Gardner Ford, 6-5; Matthias Fellows, 2--2; Elizabeth Frazier, 3; Mary Frazier, 8; Harriss Freeman, 7-3; William Fairie, 5; Henry Fundenburg, 3 3--4; ; Andrew Feester, 8; Joseph Frost, 4; Field Farrar, 8-15; John Findley, 6-1; Jesse Fulgim, 2; John Findlay, 3-1; Adam Free, 10--3. William Gibson, 6; Jacob Gradick, 8; Jacob Gradick, Jr. 4: Jacob Gibson, 10-2; Daniel Gowen, 6; Alex. Gowen, 9; Henry Gowen, 5; William Gladden, 7; Gervais Gibson, 6; John Goodrum, 5; John Gladden, 7; Jesse Gladden, 8-3; Allen Goodrum, 5; Thomas Goodrum, 8; Isaac Gibson, 9; Jacob Gibson, 2; Seth Garrett, 2; Henry Graig, 4; Lewis Grant, 4; Isaac Graham, 8; John Grigg, 9-4; Jesse Ginn, 4; John Goin, 5; Sarah Garrett, 3; Jesse Goin, 4; Wilson Gibson, 5; William Gray, 8; Thomas Gladney, 7; Richard Gladney, 10-3; Randle Gibson, 5; James Gamble, 5; Samuel Gladney, 7-2; Patrick Gladney, 4; Samuel Gamble, 4; Hugh Gamble, 5; John Gatewood, 5; Joseph Gibson, 5; Abraham Gibson, 10; James Graves, 5-2; William Graham, 8; William Graves, 1-John Gliot, 9; Hugh Garmany, 2; Philip Goates, 14; Jacob Gibson, 12; Rebekah Grigg, 3; Margrit Godfrey, 5; John Gwin, 7; Enoch Grubs, 9; John Grissum, 7; Aaron Gose, 7; Thomas Gwyn, 3; John Gregg, 11; Andrew Grey, 6-2; John Gray, 5-5; Robert Gray, 3; James Gray, 166 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY Smith, 11; Stephen Splan, 5; Nathan Sanders, 5; Robt. Shirley, 4; John Splon, 8; John Sanders, 3; John Sloan, 4; Thos. Sant, 7; John Stinson, 3; Jas. Smith, 5; David Shelton, 7; Samuel Simonds, 8; Joseph Stanton, 9; William Smithwick, 8; Matthew Smith, 4; Jno. Sutton, 8-3; Jas. Scott, 8-2; Thos. Seal, 5-1; Turner Starks, 2-10; Thos. Starks, 6-9; Thomas Smith, 11; Benj. Scott, 1; John Shain, 5; Andrew Spradley, 5; Jos. Sims, 13; John Stag, 3; John Sanders, 6; Reuben Stark, 4-5; Hermon Smith, 4; Charles Smith, 7; Nathan Sanders, 6-1; Henry Sanders, 8; Thos. Stone, 11; John Stone, 1; Jas. Stone, 1; Barlet Smith, 5; Hugh Smith, 5-1; John Stedman, 6; Thos. Stokes, 7; Benj. Shrub, 4; Elisabeth Stone, 5; Hampton Smith, 6; Jesse Smith, 5; Abner Smith, 4-1; Patrick Smith, Sr., 2; Patrick Smith, Jr., 4; Thos. Smith, 9; Jas. Steel, 3; George Shedd, 5; John Siberly, 5; John Smith, 8; Edw. Simmonds, 3; William Summersall, 7; Stephen Smith, 12; Jas. Smith, 4; Elisabeth Smith, 3; William Scott, 7; Thos. Shannon, 5; Chas. Seal, 5; Benj. Sims, 5-5; Elijah Seal, 1; Edw. Sims. 8; Anthony Seal, 7-1; Randolph Simonds, 5-1; Jesse Simonds, 4; John Swett, 6; Jno. Stewart, 7; Jno. Sims, 6--4; Jno. Swillaw, 6-1; Alex. Stuart, 6-1; Moses Smith, 2. Richard Thompson, 2; Jacob Turnapseed, 5-1; Bat. Turnapseed, 6-3; Wm. Tidwell, 8; Edmond Tidwell, 11; Jno. Tidwell, 11; Elli Tidwell, 7; Wm. Tidwell, 3; Robt. Tidwell, 13; Perry Tidwell, 2; Simon Tucker, 2; David Thompson, 6; David Thompson, 2; Elisabeth Thompson, 2; Wm. Thompson, 5; Jno. Turner, 11-10; Jno. Turner, Jr., 4; Jas. Turner, 8-5; Amey Terry, 1; Susanna Thomas, 7-6; Jno. Trap, 4-1; Wm. Trapp, 12; Nathan Thompson, 3; Champ Taylor, 3; Jeremiah Taylor, 2; Richard Taylor, 7; Rachel Tidwell, 5-3; Robt. Taylor, 5; Jno. Taylor, 4-8; Widow Turner, 5-1; Thomas Thomson, 6; Anderson Thomas, 13-2; Robt. Tidwell, Jr., 9-1. No, U. Ezekiah Verce, 4; Thomas Vaughn, 8--2; Wm. Willingham, 3; Robt. Walker, 6; Jno. Walker, 7; Mrs. Elisabeth Woodward, 6-11; Jesse White, 7; Robt. Walker, Sr., 6; Jno. Whitehead, 2; Joshua Williams, 7; Jno. Watts, 10; Thomas Watts, 2; Richard Winn, 10-30; Samuel Welldon, 10; Thomas Whitehouse, 2-7; Hermon Wyret, 3; Wm. Wilson, 7; Minor Winn, 3-9; Jas. Winn, 2-3; Jno. Winn, 2-3; Jno. Winn, Sr., 822; Jesse Wallace, 8; Jno. Watson, 3; Michael HEADS OF FAMILIES, 1790 167 Wolf, 9; Elisabeth Wilson, 4; Samuel Waugh, 4; Elisabeth Watson, 5; Jno. Watson, 2; Lucy Watson, 2; Boland Wright, 3; Richard Wooley, 10; Jno. Wilkerson, 6; Robt. Wilkerson, 7; Jesse T. Wallis, 4; Wm. Woodward, 6-7; Jno. Woodward, 6-15; Richard Woodward, 12; Wm. Wright, 5; Jno. Winn, 7; Theophilus Wilson, 7; Aaron Wootan, 7; Moses Wootan, 7; Geo. Watts, 13; Wm. Willingham, 3-3; Jno. Willingham, 4-2; Wm. Wells, 4; Geo. Wayne, 5; Jno. Ward, 7; Jno. Williams, 3; Robt. Ward, 3; Thos. Willingham, 7; Daniel Wooten, 3-2; Samuel Waugh, 6-1; Thomas Williams, 4; Jno. Williams, 3; Thompson Whitehouse, 2; Morriss Weaver, 6--1; Jno. Woodward, 6; Burbage Woodward, 2; Edw. Watts, Sr. 9; Robt. Wilson, 2; Jas. Workman, 5; Jno. Walker, 1; Jesse Wilson, 9; Jas. Wilson, 6-2; Jno. Wooten, 5-2; Joel Wilson, 4; Jno. Wilson, 10-8; Jas. Wilson, 3; Samuel Wells, 5; Willoughby, Winchister, 10; Joseph Wells, 5; Roland Williamson, 5-30; Lemual Williamson, 4; Chas. Williamson, 6; Sterling Williamson, 2; Abagail Williamson, 3. Wm. Yarbrough, 5; Andrew Young, 8-4; Mary Young, 5; Samuel Young, 5-1; Richard Yarbrough, 8; Owen Yarboro, 5; Hugh Young, 1 1; Wm. Yarbro, 4; Thos. G. Yarbro, 1; John Yarbrough, 7. [Note the pages for Mobley were not submitted ??? cwm] 194 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY Smith's, islands. In Wateree are Stark's Artledge's, and Montgomery's,; islands; all fertile and some of them in cultivation. Value of land -- Price of Provisions The value of land varies considerably in various parts of the district. Whilst some will bring from $20 to $30 an acre, others will not bring $3. Averaging the whole at about $10 would be about a correct valuation for a productive soil. When we examine into the value of the produce of these lands, in the aggregate, namely, from 200 to 250 pounds of clean cotton, or twenty-five bushels of corn, or fifteen of wheat, each worth clear of expenses from $10 to $20 an acre we shall be satisfied, that an average of $10 an acre is not too high a price for these lands. If we allow that there are only 50,000 acres under cultivation in the district, which is in the ratio of one to eight of uncleared land, the value of the whole products raised in Fairfield would equal to $1,254,000. Columbia is the principal market to which the products of this district are now sent; from thence it is boated by merchants to Charleston. A few of the merchants and planters of Fairfield still send their crops to Charleston, and a few have made trial of the Hamburg market. Timber Trees--Fruit Trees Our forest are filled with the finest timber and the greatest variety. Exclusive of the indigenous trees the following are the most noted; the poplar, hickory, several kinds, walnut, pine beech, birch, white, black and red oaks, Spanish, Turkey or willow oaks, ash, elm, Linden, black and sweet gum, sugar cherry, maple, sour wood, dogwood, alder spicewood, sassafras, cucumber, Judas tree, hackberry, iron wood, papaw, cotton and the red cedar. The exotics, naturalized are, Pride of India, Lombardy poplar, balm of Gilead, arbor vitae, etc. The wild fruits are crab apples, chinquepins, persimmons, black haws, red haws, plums, sloes, currants or service berries, strawberry, May apple, whortleberries, in variety, papaws, mulberries, sugarberries, raspberries, black berries, wild gooseberries, hazel nuts, walnuts, hickory in variety, cherries, chestnuts, prickly pear muscadines, and other wild grapes, many of which are excellent. The tame fruits are peaches, quinces, apples, pears, apricots, figs, pomegranites, APPENDIX 195 cherries, Malmsey plums, hard shell almonds, damisons in great variety, grapes, several kinds of melons. Expenses of Living--Prices of labor These are both moderate; boarding in the country is from $6 to $8 a month; at the regular taverns from $3 to $4 a week. Field hands hire at the rate of $80 to $100 a year and found. Climate, Diseases, longevity This district lies in a region temperate and salubrious. In the immediate vicinity of the water courses, with rich and extensive bottoms, intermittent and remittent fevers occur in the fall. The recent opening of rich low grounds has had a marked effect in rendering the country more sickly. The repeated cloture of these low grounds, however, will eventually rectify this evil, and restore health to these situations. The heads of all the water courses are healthy, also the ridges of highlands. Taking the average of deaths in the year, there are few if any districts in the upper country more healthy. The evidences of the favorable character of the climate are in many instances of longevity, which have been and are now found in the district. The following are the most conspicuous: Mr. Watts is said to have died many years ago aged 126 years; Mr. and Mrs. Helms said to be upwards of 100 years; Jonathan Luelling and William Holley survived their hundredth year; Patrick Smith, born in Ireland, resided here for fifty years, and died in 1808, aged 103; Mrs. Austin born in Virginia, mother of twenty-one children, nearly all of whom lived to maturity. She was healthy and strong throughout life. After a residence of forty-five years in Fairfield she died in 1802, aged 84 years Job Meador came to the settlement with the Mobleys died in October, 1822 at the advanced age of 102; James Phillips died upwards of eighty years of age; Mrs. Graves, mother of Mr Reuben Harrison, at upwards of 100 years; James Roebuck at 87; Andrew Feaster at 82; Charles D. Bradford at 84; Mrs Daigan, grandmother of General Strother, at 96; Mrs. Strother at 86; Mr. Tidwell at 105; James Newton 94 (Mr. Newton was a true Nimrod; is fortune was his rifle. He killed the last elk that was ever heard of in this part of the country.) Mrs. Helm 100; Joseph Helms 100; Richard Howard 106; Mrs. Shirly is 196 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY 105 years of age; Jennings Allen, a soldier at Braddock's defeat will be 100 years old in a few months; Richard Gatker about 100; Adam Free is 89 years of age Mrs. Bradford 84; John Austin 82; Mr. Humes 97; Mr. McCrory about 90; Phillip Pearson, David James, Thomas Knighton, Thomas Muse and Job Owing are about 80 years of age; William Coleman, Robert Shirley, Isham Mobley and several others average in their ages upwards of 90. Many of the above persons are still active and sprightly, and none more so than Mr. Allen. [P. Hardly likely that Newton killed an elk. Mark Catesby, the naturalist, who was in Virginia and South Carolina, 1712-1726, says of the elk, "This stately animal is a native of New England, and is rarely seen south of 40 degrees (400 miles north of S. C.) and consequently are never seen in Carolina."] Roads and Bridges and Ferries The nature of the soil of this district operates very much against our having good roads at that season of the year when the wagons travel on them. At other times there are in pretty good order. It is in contemplation to form a company to construct a good road from Columbia to the North Carolina line, running through the center of this district; which probably will in due time receive the attention of the Legislature. A vast number of wagons from North Carolina, York and Chester districts pass through Fairfield, which renders it important that a good road should be constructed, though many are under the impression that the period is not far distant when the produce of all this country will be transported either by the Broad or Wateree Rivers to Columbia or Camden instead of being brought down in wagons as it now is. The bridges in the district are all built of wood. On the main road these ought to be constructed of stone; they are then required to be but once built, whereas built of wood they require renewal, in whole or in part, every ten years. The stability of the government, the rapid progress of improvement in the country, and the capacities of the State are such as to justify the making of every public work permanent. Broad River furnishes many ferries, and several fords, which are very well kept, as also those of Wateree. Very good accommodations are now to be found in our public inns. APPENDIX 197 Manufactures, Domestic and Others Much attention is paid to manufacturing articles for family use, but nothing in the large way has yet been attempted. Our water courses furnish numerous mill sites, but these works are either for ginning cotton, sawing lumber, or grinding grain. We have not less than fifteen or sixteen mills in operation for these purposes in the district. In describing Winnsborough we notice that there were two considerable saw gin establishments at that place; from these the country round is supplied with these useful machines, so important to cleaning of the green seed cotton. Population This district is now evidently on the increase in population; very few if any emigrations take place. The census of 1800 gave to Fairfield 10,343 inhabitants, of which 2,224 were slaves; twenty years after, 1820, the following was the result; whites 9,378, slaves 7,748, free blacks, total 17,174. There is every probability, from the many advantages offered by this district, that Fairfield will increase much more rapidly in population that heretofore, from its having so large a body of good arable land, being so contiguous to a market, possessing a favorable climate, and inhabited by an intelligent and hospital people. Fish, Game and Birds Of the first we have the shad and sturgeon, in season, the sucker, cat-fish, red horse, trout, pike, perch, eel, gar, carp, etc. Of game we may count a few deer and wild turkeys, some foxes, raccoons, o'possums, squirrels, minks, and muskrats. Of birds that migrate are the martin, swallow, wild duck, snow bird, robin, mocking bird, thrush, catbird, humming bird, wood pecker, snipe, whippoorwill, plover, and kingfisher. Most of the following remain here all the year; jay, red bird, sparrow, also the wild turkey, partridge, dove, crow, hawk, owl, woodcock, and blackbird. The wild pigeon appears now and then, and the bald eagle is occasionally seen. Number of Poor, Deaf, Dumb, Blind and Lunatics The number of poor does not exceed thirty, and the expense of keeping them about $200. The poor fund is raised by adding a 204 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY snakes killed by the first white settlers, one of which we shall now proceed to relate. The fact appears to be well confirmed, by a number of credible witnesses, some of whom are still living, so that no doubt exists respecting its validity. The first settlers on the head of Beaver Creek were under the necessity of confining themselves to Fort Waggoner for protection from the Indians. A young man by the name of James Phillips went out with a hunting party, and on his return, near the fort he shot a rattlesnake, which, on examination was found to have a fawn in its stomach. This circumstance, observes, D. R. Coleman, Esq., has been related to me by Phillips himself, and by a number of others who saw the snake when it was brought into the fort, and the fawn taken out of it. From the good character these men had among their neighbors as men of veracity, and my own long acquaintance with Phillips, I have no doubt but that he killed the snake and that it had a fawn in its stomach.1 Catesby describes a rattlesnake which measured eight feet in length, in whose stomach six young swallows were found, and when killed was in the act of killing more of these birds. Broad River, originally called Eswaw Huppeedaw, or Line River, divided the empire of the Cherokees from the Catawbas. The latter were a numerous and brave people. They received the white settlers kindly and treated them with great generosity. The Cherokees adopted a contrary policy-plundering the whites and shed their blood in numerous wars, waged with a view to plunder, and conducted in the true savage spirit. The early settlers followed hunting, trapping and raising stock, but these pursuits were often interrupted by excursions of the enemy into the infant settlements. It became necessary to construct forts in every little neighborhood. The first of these was Fort Waggoner. It was erected in the Cherokee War of 1760 on Beaver Creek six miles above its mouth; into this the poor scattered inhabitants flocked, and received its protection until the end of the war. Their meat was obtained by hunting and their bread was brought on pack horses from the Congaree. 1 Major T. Means, remarking on this subject, observes: "The killing of the snake with the fawn in it. was related to me by James Phillips, and the spot where it occurred. He showed me in one of my fields. The circumstance was also attested to me by Albert Beam and others, who were eye witnesses of the fact. APPENDIX 205 A fort was erected at Philip Raiford's, opposite Pearson's island; one at John Hick's at the plantation of P. Pearson, Esq., another at James Andrews', now Major Player's. This chain of forts continued down to McCord's ferry. Edward Mobley, from Virginia, with six sons, all with families settled on on Beaver Creek in the vicinity of Waggoner Fort, from whom the settlement on that creek has taken the name of Mobley settlement. There is one circumstance connected with those early settlers that appears extraordinary to us at the present day, which is that none of the lands were surveyed until ten years after they were taken up, and none of the surveys exceeded 200 acres. The first settlers builded their log cabins near the margins of the creeks and rivers. At the termination of the Cherokee War in 1760, settlers arrived from the Palitinate, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Wales. Winkinson's Creek was the seat of the Welch. PEARSON MANUSCRIPT The following letter is used as a fitting introduction to the "Pearson Manuscript": Oakland on the Marsh Mount Pleasant, S. C. September 30, 1941. My Dear Mr. McMaster: The Pearson Manuscript transcript to which you refer was copied by me in 1927 and transmitted to you through Mr. Snowden, who knew of your interest in Fairfield. It is my recollection that I made an exact copy of Draper's copy in the Wisconsin Historical Society Library. Draper made full transcripts usually, rather than notes, and it is my belief that he did so in the case of the Pearson Manuscript. If Miss Louise P. Kellogg advised you that the document is merely Draper's excerpts, I accept her statement, for she has been custodian of the manuscripts many years, and knows more about them than anyone else. It is my recollection that I copied all there was of the Pearson Manuscript. Mr. Pearson was evidently an untrained student of history, who made statements without going to the arduous labor of verifying them. I do not think his work is of much value except for suggestions. 208 HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY relented, and then Mr. Bull brought out his Catawbas. The King and his warriors advanced towards the place of meeting with the rim of their caps down, and chanting a national song. On approaching the house, they threw up the rim of their caps, ceased their solemn melody, entered the house with a firm step and took the place assigned. They were admired by the white men as well as by the red, for their extraordinary grace and dignity. A universal peace was the result of the meeting. This narrative of the Albany meeting is taken from Mr. Bull's beautiful and graphic letter to the Colonial Government, recorded (169) in the Indian Book preserved in the Secretary of State's Office at Columbia. The assassination of King Hagler was a dreadful shock to the Catawbas, from which they never recovered. About 1766, seven Shawnees secretly invaded the Catawba territory. The Old King was residing some distance from the chief town, to allow his young men a better chance to hunt, and his women to manufacture pottery. His country residence was a sort of Sans Souci. The lurking Shawnees picked the opportunity and (170) murdered the venerable and most beloved Chieftain. The fatal news was immediately conveyed to the town, and pursuit in no time commenced after the wrongdoers. Six of them were tracked out by an unbarking dog, and captured. The seventh made his escape by swimming the river. Arriving in safety on the western shore, he flourished the scalp of old Hagler in barnarous triumph. A tragedy deeper than ever past described, followed. In the Catawba Council the six captives were sentenced to death by whipping. As all work but hunting and war was assigned to the women, so the women on this dreadful occasion were appointed the executioners. One after another the captives were pinioned by one hand to a stake. The victim was furnished with a small gourd containing pebbles. So soon as the lash was applied, he commenced rattling his gourd, and chanting his death song. Life lasted under this flagellation from sun-rise to sun-set. When the sixth Shawnee was tied to the Stake, and the female furies were about commencing their infernal operation, (171) a beautiful Catawba girl named Betty rushed in to his rescue. (171) She said she loved him, and claimed him for a husband. The occurrence struck all present forcibly. A council was immediately called to determine on what was proper to be done on an occasion so novel-and interesting. The Council said, that in an ordinary APPENDIX 209 case, the claim of Betty would have all its effect, but the crime charged on the prisoner, the killing of the king, was altogether unpardonable. They decided that the sentence of death should be forthwith executed. The executioners were about addressing themselves to the work of death. Betty rushed in a second and with a hatchet clove his skull, and he fell dead instantly She declared aloud that if she could not have him for a husband the nation should not have the satisfaction of seeing his bleeding body torn by the scourge. Betty afterwards married an Indian of the name of Jackson; but in her extreme old age, when beloved Shawnee was alluded to, she said with great feeling she "loved him too much." Such (172) is the inexhaustible wealth of the genuine female heart. Revolutionary War.--Fairfield was not a battle-field. It was remarked that many of the Whigs established a fair fame heroism: Sumter said Benjamin May was the bravest man he ever knew. Among the Tories not one hero was to be found. The Whigs & Tories met at Mobley's Meeting House, and the first crack of the rifle the Tories fled to a man. The same thing occurred at a Whig & Tory skirmish at Caldwell's Place on Lee's Creek, & after the firing & rout of the Tories perfect, their leader Col. John Phillips was found squatted in a brier (172) patch, and dragged out a prisoner. The Court of Appeals of South Carolina have tacitly affirmed the doctrine that the devil is entitled to his due. And according to that decision, John Phillips was entitled to his due. He had an unaccountable influence over Cornwallis, and in the beneficient exercise of that influence he obtained pardon for all the Whigs condemned to death at the drum-head court, whilst (173) his Lordship occupied Winnsboro. During the stay of the British he often sent for John Milling and Watty Robertson to converse with him about matters connected with his command. He said they were men of extra-ordinary sense, and no doubt often reminded him of victories resulting in no advantage, and triumphs ending in hard knocks and ultimate disaster. Cornwallis ordered the country people to be paid liberally for their produce, & molested no one in the enjoyment of civil rights. With the due military ceremonies and precautions he admitted everyone to his markee who chose to call. Johnny Sarvice visited him. He was a crack old Irishman. "And who," said Cornwallis, "are you?" "I am Johnny Sarvice, ------------------- The end of selected pages from "The History of Fairfield County, S.C"