http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~nolenancestry/page1.html 1,000 YEARS OF O'NOLAN HISTORY IN IRELAND & THE NEW WORLD: MICHAEL O'NOLAN, CO. GALWAY - 1473, (ESTIMATED BIRTH: 1410-1440) AND THE DESCENDANTS OF DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) & JULIAN FALLON OF GALWAY - 1500, DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) OWNER OF QWAROWN BROWN (CARROWBROWNE) CASTLE - 1574, TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN (THOMAS NOLAN) & AGNES MARTIN, BALLINROBE CASTLE, MAYO CO. IRELAND - PRIOR TO 1585 THOMAS NOLAN RESIDED AT THE CREVAGHE (CREAGH CASTLE) PURCHASING ENNISCRONE CASTLE IN CO. SLIGO AFTER 1597 DYING 18 JUNE 1628; JOHN NOLAN & FAMILY ATTACKED AND FORCEFULLY EVICTED FROM ENNISCRONE CASTLE, 1641-42; JOHN NOWLIN LIVING IN ISLE OF WIGHT CO. VIRGINIA, 1643; THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN) OF JAMES CITY CO. VIRGINIA, 1717; WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) OF GOOCHLAND CO. VIRGINIA, 1740. Ashokan Farewell (Flute & Harp). If it's annoying click stop. Search This Site: Using Ctrl + F (Find). Note: If Something Fails to Load Click Refresh. DISCLAIMER: Accessible public information has been posted on this site designed as a forum for genealogical research. Research material from other genealogist and numerous Internet sites are included in this forum. Accuracy depends on availability of information at time of posting. Accuracy and content are the genealogist’s responsibility. Inclusion of parties’ full name, social security information, and birth or death date is the discretion of the preparing genealogist. Material sent to this forum is posted in the manner sent. Do not send information deemed inappropriate for publication to the World Wide Web! Name Variations: O’Nolan, Nolan, Noland, Nollan, Nolland, Nollane, Nollant, Nolen, Nollen, Nollend, Nollent, Nolin, Noling, Nollin, Nollind, Nolling, Nollint, Nolun, Nowlan, Nowland, Nowlen, Nowlin, Nowling, Nollyn, Nollynd, Knowlan, Knowland, Knowling. FAMILY TREE DNA - NOLAN SURNAME PROJECT. Add your NOLAN family (all variants) to the NOLAN Family Pedigree Forum at WFNForum.net: Registration and Login required to post. For a list of documents in order by year, state, and country: O'NOLAN (NOWLAND) (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) (NOLEN) Census, Deed, & Land Records, 195-1990. Text Only File: 1,000 Years of O'NOLAN History. Download: Microsoft Office Word Viewer 2003. "O'NOLAN, clad in shining armour, low bending made obeisance to the puissant and high and mighty chief of all Erin and did him to wit of that which had befallen, how that the grave elders of the most obedient city, second of the realm, had met them in the tholsel, and there, after due prayers to the gods who dwell in ether supernal, had taken solemn counsel whereby they might, if so be it might be, bring once more into honour among mortal men the winged speech of the seadivided Gael.” (1) James Joyce's Ulysses: Cyclops (U12.1183). INTRODUCTION. This forum presents a discussion of two distinct NOLAN lineages: Carlow Clan O’NOLAN of Haplogroup R1b1c7 and Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught of Haplogroup R1b1c10. According to the available Irish genealogies or pedigrees, these two distinct NOLAN lineages each descend from the ruling Ui Neill: O’Neill's of Ulster. Carlow Clan O'NOLAN matches exactly the Northwest Irish, R1b1c7, Niall of the Nine Hostages 12-marker haplotype (13, 25, 14, 11, 11, 13, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, and 29) as shown on Unique NOLAN Y-DNA Haplotypes. Carlow Clan O'NOLAN Unique 12-marker Haplotype: Result Strings ID # 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 R1b1c7 Circa 115 C. E., Cu Corb, King of Leinster, granted seven Fotharts in Leinster to Eochaidh Finn Fuathairt, the Carlow NOLAN progenitor. Five were eventually absorbed back into the adjacent territories, but two withstood the test of time and survived as Fotharta Ui NUALLAIN (barony of Forth in Co. Carlow) and Fotharta an Chairn (barony of Forth in Co. Wexford). Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages) ruled in fourth century Ireland dying circa 405 of the Common Era, therefore, a prior common ancestor fostered the resultant genetic string or haplotype of the Ui Neill and that of Carlow Clan O’NOLAN. NOLAN Y-DNA test results indicating a match with Niall of the Nine Hostages and the Ui Neill are indicative of these septs having an ancient (MRCA) most recent common ancestor: Cobhtach, Caol mBreagh, 69th Milesian Monarch of Ireland, eldest son of Ugaine Mor, 66th Milesian Monarch of Ireland. O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 24. Clan (Colgain) Colgan, from which O’HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) descends, is recorded in Septs of the Ui Neill descending from Fearghal, High King of Ireland, dying 718 (Common Era) C. E. According to the available Irish genealogies or pedigrees, it is clear that each of these NOLAN lineages were septs of the Ui Neill, but they do not present the same Y-DNA haplogroup. R-M222 and R-U152 descend from a common R1b1c ancestor except that link occurred in the past making Niall Nóigiallach - Niall of the Nine Hostages and King Colla Uais distant relations. The calculation by Dr. Ken Nordtvedt to the Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) for R-M222 (R1b1b2a1b5) (R1b1c7) (R1b1b2e) of 1740 years falls within a window of 112 years when considering the recorded death date of the year 157 for Conn Céad Cathach (Conn Cead-Catha) or Conn of the Hundred Battles, brother to EOCHA FIONN FOHART the ancestor of Carlow Clan (O'NOWLAN) O'NOLAN. The father of Conn of the Hundred Battles, Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar (Feidhlimedh Rechtmhar) (the Lawgiver) ruled Ireland in the years 111-119. Considering the accession date given by P. W. Joyce, in his Social History of Ancient Ireland (1913, reissued in 1968 by Benjamin Blom, Inc.), Volume I, pages 69–71, of the year 177 places the TMRCA calculation of 1740 years well within a one hundred year time span since Conn Céad Cathach (Conn Cead-Catha) ruled Ireland for thirty-four years leaving a fifty-eight year interval, which is well within the span of a lifetime. Thus, this intervening period of 58-112 years undoubtedly represents descendants of Eocha Fionn Fohart demonstrating the relatedness to Barony of Forth and Shangarry, Carlow Clan O’Nolan. Or, of further note, the calculation by Dr. Ken Nordtvedt of 1740 years for a TMRCA for R-M222 matches the reign of Carby Lifeachain (“the Liffey”) Cairbre Liffeachair from 268-284, great-great grandfather to Niall of the Nine Hostages. R1b1b2a1b5 (R1b1c7) (R1b1b2e) or the Northwest Irish Haplogroup represents twenty percent of R1b in Ireland and has been calculated at 1740 years by Ken Nordtvedt, which corresponds roughly to the reign of Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages) beginning in the year 379. Others, however, have estimated the age of R-M222 as “about 46% of the age of R1b and is most likely at least 3400 years old." Previously, R-U152 acquired an estimate of approximately eighty-nine percent the age of R1b developing as a hunter-gatherer group in Europe representing a Celtic Central European Northern Alpine cluster with the age of its development ranging from 6,541 years to the end of the last ice age or 10,000-12,000 years. The Irish, Scottish, Welsh, and English have a close affinity to the people of Galicia, the Basque region, and Spain. Historians place the Celtic invasions of the British Isles in the Iron Age. Modern geneticists, however, argue that DNA testing of the people from Celtic areas of Europe indicates that the migratory movement from the Iberian Peninsula possibly began some 6,000 years in the past. The commonalities of the people of these areas appear more ancient than historians have predicted. Evidence presented at Of the Nolans: Origins of the Irish and Scottish - Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) and Dál Riada (Dál Riata) - R1b1b2a2g (R1b1b2h*) (R1b1c10) - DYS #385a and 385b at 11 and 17: A Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) Ossory (Osraighe) and Dál Riada (Dál Riata) Uladh Haplotype in Co. Donegal, Ulster, Ireland, 1600s is suggestive of an origin from the Central Italian Refugium, depending on its relative age, however, the Balkans Refugium cannot be discounted. The age estimate for R1b1b2h (R1b1c10) is from R1b1c10 aka S28 by John McEwan. Other age estimates for R1b1b2h are 3,080-4,500 years or 103-150 generations to the most recent common ancestor, which is not necessarily the age of the mutation for U152+ (R1b1b2a2g) only the estimated age to the most recent common ancestor. Ken Nordtvedt, has calculated a time to most recent common ancestor for U152 (R1b1b2a2g) (R1b1b2h*) (R1b1c10) that falls within the range for the volcanic destruction of the city and territory of Nola in ancient Italy circa 1800 and 1750 B. C. with a 3,780 year most recent common ancestor estimate for R-U152 and R-U106 stating that the MRCA for R-U152 is within range of that estimate and the MRCA for R-U106 occurs at the 3,270 year marker making the MRCA for it 500 years younger than R-U152. In Ireland, "of the Nolans" is usually representative of the Co. Carlow Nolans. By the 17th century, these two Irish Clan names are interchangeable, but a new hypothesis is possible due to the ever-expanding knowledge of genetics. "Of the Nolans" could represent the people from the territory of Nola of ancient Italy. Two interesting facts regarding the Cippus Abellanus by M. Horatius Piscinus are that the border sanctuary between the towns of the territory of Nola was unusual and that it corresponds to southern Gaul and its Celtic tribes, and that the people of the territory of Nola were “Nolans” more than two thousand years ago. DNA Analysis of R1b1c10 by Gary Felix of a Baltic and Eastern European most likely origin for R1b1c10 ties into the Scythian Milesian ancestry myths of the Heremonian lineage of Ireland. The Milesian Legends: The Book of the Taking of Ireland recounts an origin of descent from the Scythian King Feinius Farsaid. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught, R1b1c10, according to Old Irish Kingdoms and Clans is a pre-Milesian Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe or Corca Loigde) sept; however, any speculation as to Irish arrival prior to the Iron Age is unproven. Nolan Y-DNA cannot yet place R1b1c7 or R1b1c10 (R1b1b2h) into a specific wave of Celtic migration as shown by the myriad of Irish migration myths. Hence, we have two mythological origins for the Corca Loigde: Érainn or Goídel. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’Nolan: Connaught is of the Corca Laoidhe and that places it within the Érainn or Goidel, but pinpointing an arrival date prior to 2,500 years ago is not possible at this point. The Érainn (Fir Bolg) invaded Ireland long before the Goídel (Gaedil) or Milesians, however, it has become obvious that the differing redactions of the Milesian Legends and its use of double episodes based upon the Lebor Gabala Erren refer to the same migration of the Celtic people into Ireland: Érainn (Fir Bolg) and Goídel (Gaedil) or Milesians. O’Nolan: The History of a People by Fr. John O’Nolan and Art Kavanagh also puts Carlow Clan O’Nolan in descent of the Scythian Milesian ancestry myths of the Heremonian lineage of Ireland. It is possible to conclude that Carlow Clan O'Nolan, R1b1c7, and Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught, R1b1c10, are both of Milesian ancestry based on rs34276300+ (S116+) results. 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 R1b1c10 385a-385b 11, 17 Modal Reference This research also points to the Ulster Ireland counties of Donegal and Tyrone, which the Vennicnii and the Rhobogdii tribes anciently occupied. Obviously, R1b1c10 might also be an Ancient Uladh, Kingdom of Ulster haplotype. An early tribe of the Uladh (Province of Ulster) was the Dál Riada or Dál Riata, once referred to by Romans as “Scoti” or "Scotia" from which the name Scotland may have derived. One Irish genealogy of the ancient Dál Riata refers to the Clan of Úgaine Mor and Glass mac Nuadait Argatlám as the common ancestor between the Dál Riata and the people of Laigin (Leinster), Ulaid (Ulster), Ossairgi (Osraighe or Ossory), and the Síl Cuind. This mythical figure also known as Nuadu Argatlám, Nuadu of the Silver Hand or Nudd Airgetlam, King of the Tuatha De Danann, lost a hand in battle with the Fir Bolg or Belgae and every subsequent family in Ireland is reportedly descended from the race of Nuadu. The Dál Riata of Ireland never was descended from the Ui Neill, but the Ui Neill and the Dál Riata did descend from an ancient common ancestor. The Irish pedigree of the Dál Riata was of the Érainn or Belgae. Modern DNA analysis confirms the existence of the King Colla Uais (Dalriadic) modal haplotype, and relatedness exists to the clan or tribe of the Ui Neill through R1b1c. Colla Uais seized Ulster, but in 327 C. E. (the fourth year of his reign) Muireadhach Tireach expelled King Colla Uais and three hundred of his followers to Scotland becoming the founding lineages for the Scottish Dalriadic kingdom. The major clans of Scotland descend from the Dál Riata of Ireland based on available DNA analysis, and the Niall or Northwest Irish R1b1c7 haplotype exists in Western Scotland. Thus, it is clear from modern genealogy and DNA testing that Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught at R1b1c10 is a distinct ancient Irish clan or tribe. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught has the classification of Haplogroup R1b1c10 meaning that it falls within ten percent of the Western European male population. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught appears to be in the King Colla Uais and R1bSTR43 cluster. The R1bSTR43 cluster identified as having originated in the British Isles some 2,000-3,000 years before the Common Era arrived in the British Isles probably from the Iberian Peninsula or Spain 7,000-10,000 years in the past. Stephen Colson suggests that one R1bSTR43 cluster may have spent a considerable amount of time in Ireland tracing some sub-clusters into Scotland and eventually England. A close match with the King Colla Uais (Dalriadic) modal haplotype is also suggestive of a close ancestral relationship for Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught and Khaki Group 01 of the Windham Family DNA Project to the inhabitants of Ireland and Scotland. A Ui Neill connection reportedly exists through Carby Lifeachain (“the Liffey”) father of Eochaidh Dubhlinn, grandfather of “the Three Collas,” and great-great grandfather to Niall of the Nine Hostages. The genealogy of the Sil Anmchadha of the Uí Maine records Colla Da Chrioch, brother to Colla Uais, as an ancestor of (O’HUALLACHAIN) UALLACHAN. The Úa Maine are also recorded as descending from Conn of the Hundred Battles, Óengus Dub, a grandson of Cathaír Mór, of the Ua Failge, and from Maine, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. The territory of the Ui Maine included parts of Kings Co. (Offaly). MUGRON of Clan (Colgain) Colgan, the ancestor of O'H-UALLACHAIN or HOOLAHAN, was reportedly born at Ballycowen, Kings, Co. (Offaly). In Kingdom of Airghialla, Ulster Series, Background on the Three Collas, Contemporary historians record King Colla Uais as one of the three sons of the early Ulster ruler Niall Noigiallach who had three sons: Eogan, Conall, and Enda. The Irish Annals indicate he was the son of Eochaidh Doimhlen (Eochaid Duibhlein) and Aileach, the daughter of the King of Alba, Scotland. Yet, others prefer the alternate theory of Romanized Britons ascending the Irish throne. Though, there is no account of Romans in Ireland. Intertwined in this mystical era of Irish history are reality and myth, therefore, a true origin for the Three Collas is unclear. Modern DNA analysis can determine that the (MRCA) most recent common ancestor for the paternal line of the O’Neil’s (13, 25, 14, and 11) and the “Three Collas” (13, 24, 14, and 10) probably occurred beyond 500 B. C. E. (Before Common Era). These Irish royal lineages may have been heavily intermarried but did not have a genetic paternal link for more than 2,500 years. The Irish genealogies, therefore, which relate to this aspect of the descent of Conn are not correct and probably have a degree of fabrication. King Colla Uais was not the son of the Ulster ruler Niall Noigiallach, but they do have an ancient common ancestor. The R1b1c signature does connect these people genealogically. Aengus (the Prolific) Tuirmheach, 81st Monarch of Ireland, son of Eochaidh Foiltleathan, defeated and killed Fearghus, the powerful or brave, at Tara assuming the monarchy of Ireland having two sons: Fiacha Fermara, and Enna Aighneach. Fiacha Fermara is the progenitor for the Dalriadic and Alba Scottish Kings, and many of the succeeding Kings descend from Enna Aighneach. There is ample evidence that the O HAONGHUSA [meaning descendant of Aonghus or Angus] (O'HENNESSY) [shared the lordship of Clann Cholgan with their kinsmen the O’HOLOHAN'S (O HUALLACHAIN)] in Co. Offaly, but there is also evidence of a sept of the Ui AENGHUSA in Munster. These two separate septs probably developed independently after the descendants of Aonghus, Aengus, or Angus split with some descendants moving into Munster and some into Co. Offaly. In any event, these two separate Irish septs are inextricably linked genealogically. The Érainn, a group of Munster clans, occupied the Kingdom of (Ossory) Osraighe. In essence, Ossory was a buffer zone during the sixth through ninth centuries between the men of Munster (Munstermen) and the men of Leinster (Leinstermen). The Kingdom of (Ossory) Osraighe encompasses most of present day Co. Kilkenny in which Inse Ui hUallachan (the river meadow of O HOLAHAN) or O'HOLOHAN’S holm is located in the Barony of Shillelogher. After 1653, Inse Ui hUallachan, anglicized Inchyolaghan became Castleinch or Caislean-na-h-Ínse. Thus, the basis for naming this particular NOLAN clan Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN lies within these two septs of the descendants of Aonghus or Angus. The 33 of 37 Y-DNA marker match between N-4 (Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught) of the NOLAN DNA Surname Project and Kit #56134 from the WINDHAM Family DNA Project probably occurred between these two 1574 Galway castle owning families who were also Herenagh Families of Ulster Co. Donegal Ireland. An exact match of the first 20 markers (13, 24, 14, 10, 11, 17, 12, 12, 12, 14, 13, 30, 17, 9, 10, 11, 11, 25, 15, and 19) in the Y-DNA test of N-4 with RICHARD (O') HAGAN also gives credence to an Ulster relationship. A WINDHAM - NOLAN DNA comparison provided by JOHN B. WINDHAM details a 25 Y-DNA marker match between N-3 (Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught) and Kit # 18393 and a 61-62 of 67 Y-DNA marker match between Kit # 18393 and N-4. Incidentally, Kit # 18393 mismatches RICHARD O’HAGAN by one in a 20-marker comparison. Herenagh meaning land typically converted into donated church property. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught R1b1c10 Unique 20-marker Haplotype Matches: Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 King Colla Uais 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 R1bSTR43 N-3 mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, 389-2, and 458. N-4 mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, and 458. N-30 (brother to N-4) mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, 389-2, and 458. N-3, N-4, and N-30 mismatch the 20-marker haplotype of R1bSTR43 at DYS #385b, 389-1, and 389-2. N-4 and N-30 are brothers of the same mother and father, but mutations at DYS #389-2 and 464c for N-4 with a genetic distance of two at the 25-marker level compared to N-30 leaves N-30 with a more precise genetic match with N-3 and 9ZZVM - Windham at the 25-marker level than with N-4. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 N-3 - Nolen 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 15 17 N-4 - Nolen R1b1c10 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 N-30 - Nolen (brother to N-4) The three below HAGAN DNA results from Y-Search have an exact 20-marker match with N-4 resulting in an ancient relationship prior to the introduction of surnames through parallel subclades of R-P312. N-3 mismatches by one mutation at DYS 389-2. User ID # 5GGTH lists Carrickmore, Ulster, Ireland as country of origin. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 5GGTH - Hagan 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 N2F3B - Hagan 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 YNXPB - Hagan Three of the following WINDHAM/WYNDHAM Y-Search participants claim descent from England: JCBWN, P6D2Y, and QT7HT, however, mutations at DYS 389-2 for N-4 and the HAGAN surname at 30, N-3, N-30 and WINDHAM at 31 results in an ancient Irish relationship prior to the introduction of surnames through parallel subclades of R-P312. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 JCBWN - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 9ZZVM - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 P6D2Y - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 QT7HT - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 V43N7 - Windham The O’HAGAN (O hAgain in Irish, which was originally O hOgain) family also descends from the ruling Ui Neill, O’Neill's, of Ulster, and were hereditary stewards, sheriffs, and judges considered part of that sept. O'HAGAN’S stood with Hugh O'Neill, the last of the native Irish kings, in his rebellion against England. Hugh O'Neill, in the tradition of the times, took the remnants of his fortune and sailed to Spain. The O'HAGAN’S were not as fortunate, being totally dispossessed of lands and possessions in the plantations that followed Hugh O'Neill’s defeat. The O’HAGAN'S (O hAgain), a sept of the Cineal Eoghain, are recorded as descendants of Fergus, son of Eoghan with the following families in Roger O'Ferrall's "Linea Antiqua": O'COLGAN, O'Branagan, O'HAGIN, O'Cahalan, O'Uarisg, O'Brelar, O'Hanin, O'Dovan, O'Losgny, O'Mellan, O'CONOLAN, O'Spellan, and O'Breonan. Fergus was also ancestor to the O'QUIN'S, as described in Background on the Northern Uí Neill. O'QUIN later spawned the family of WYNDHAM-QUINN. Included in the background of the Northern Ui Neill is evidence pertaining to the O'BOYLE, MAC SUIBHNE, and MACSWEENEY septs that became WYNDHAM of Co. Donegal. A History of the HOGAN, O'HOGAN, Ó HOGAIN Surname reflects a separate origin in Co. Cork as a sept of the Corca Laoidhe. It is evident that not all Irish NOLAN’S descend from County Carlow. More than one NOLAN lineage developed in ancient Ireland prior to the introduction of surnames. The first name of the ancestor's father formed the basis of familial relationships. Hereditary surnames have a relatively recent origin. By 1400, for example, most every person in England had a surname. With the origination of surnames within the last millennia, therefore, it is not uncommon to find many different variants of the same clan using the same surname. Usually, genealogists are not interested in relatedness prior to the adoption of surnames, but depending on whether that clan separated and moved to different regions prior to the adoption of surnames researchers should expect to find more than one variant of the same clan using the same surname. The descendants of UALLACHAN of Clan (Colgain) Colgan, for example, became HUALLACHAN. In Ireland “H” often appears in front of a name beginning with a vowel which became O‘HUALLACHAN meaning of UALLACHAN. In Gaelic O‘HUALLACHAN or O’HOULIHAN is genitive plural for "of the NOLAN’S." (2) DNA evidence posted at NOLAN DNA Project: Results conclusively supports the existence of more than one NOLAN lineage. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of N-3 and N-4 is HARDIN NOLEN of Lauderdale Co. Alabama who married CYNTHIA VICKERS on 15 May 1845 proving the existence of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught through DNA and genealogical documentation. In fact, more NOLAN lineages developed after the Norman invasion due to the introduction of the English language. In Co. Fermanagh, O'HULTACHAIN, an obvious derivation of O‘HUALLACHAN, became anglicized as NOLAN. CORMAC O'HULTACHAIN, Erenach (Herenagh) of Achadh-Beithe, Aghavea, died 1532. Similarly, the O‘HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) landholding sept of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is believed to have had herenagh property in Ulster Co. Donegal moving their influence further north from Co. Sligo. Perhaps a familial relationship existed between these two NOLAN herenagh property owning lineages, septs or clans of the Ui Colgain. With O'HULTACHAIN being an obvious derivation of O‘HUALLACHAIN, it is possible that the JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight Co. Virginia, 1643 represents one or both of these northern Ireland NOLAN lineages, septs or clans. A 17 January 2009 e-mail from WAYNE NOLAN of New Zealand lists the children of THOMAS NOLAN (O‘HUALLACHAIN) and AGNES MARTIN from Ballinrobe as having seven children: GREGORY, JOHN, CEACILLA, ANNIE, JAMES, THOMAS, and JOSEPH. The Famille De NOLLENT (NOLIN) lineage comes from France but has a probable origin in Ireland. Two lineages derive from Haplogroup G and G2. They have arisen in Portugal and or Spain. In the last several millennia, members of Haplogroup G and G2 did gradually move into Europe through the normal migratory process or through invasion or capture. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN may or may not have developed in conjunction with Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN with a split disseminating into Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN somewhere between the 5th and 12th century in Osraighe as noted on the NOLAN DNA Project: Discussion page and the History of Carlow Clan O'NOLAN and Tipperary Clan O'NOLAN page. The KNOWLAN (KNOLLIN) lineage derives from Exeter and Devon in southwest England and a different NOLAN lineage developed through Clan Cleland described at the bottom of page 1b of this forum: Other Research Avenues. The Haplogroup I1b lineage of the Balkan region may have entered Britain and Ireland through the influence of the Roman Empire. Haplogroup E3b and E3b3a represent two more distinct NOLAN lineages that have an estimated probable place of origin of Eastern Africa 22,000-25,000 B. C. E. (Before Common Era) being most frequent on the Mediterranean coast. Edward MacLysaght, first Chief Herald of Ireland, writing several books on Irish family history and heraldry, in his book, Irish Families, would take exception to the use of the term “clan” to describe these “septs” or groups of O’NOLAN’S. He notes that Ireland did not have a true clan system like that which developed in Scotland; however, modern DNA evidence is separating the various septs or groups of O'NOLAN’S living in the same vicinity into distinguishable family groups, lineages or clans. An explanatory note concerning Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is warranted at this point, there may or may not be at least three distinct genealogical branches or lineages of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught, Ossory, and Tipperary; 1. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN that moved into the Connacht counties of Galway and Mayo with the Barrett family in the 12th or early 13th century; 2. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN which stayed in Co. Kilkenny (Ossory) after the 12th century; and 3. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN which may or may not have developed in conjunction with Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN with a split disseminating into Co. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN somewhere between the 5th and 12th century in (Ossory) Osraighe. At present, the Connacht branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is the only one that has attained the status of a distinct lineage due to a limited number of NOLAN surnamed DNA participants, and it is possibly the result of an illegitimate hereditary relationship, an adoption, or a branch of a family using a different surname. The PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND) (O’HEWELANE) (O’WOLOGHAN) line of O'NOLAN'S has long been assumed to have descended from Carlow Clan O'NOLAN. New DNA evidence and genealogical information is altering that assumption. The families of N-8 and N-13 of the NOLAN DNA Surname Project or the family of N-31 may prove a descendancy from Co. Tipperary, Ireland and connect to the PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND) line that began traveling to the New World around the mid 17th century. These separate and distinct NOLAN lineages may or may not have developed in conjunction with Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN with a split disseminating into Co. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN somewhere between the 5th and 12th century in (Osraighe) Ossory connecting to the ancestors of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN, the Corca Laighde. N-31 is of the NOLAND surname and mismatches N-8 at DYS #389-1 and 389-2 at the 12-marker level. The DYS #389-2 at 31 value for N-31 matches N-3 and N-30 of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught who are the only other two NOLAN Y-DNA results at 31 for DYS #389-2, and they are haplogroup R1b1c10. The DYS #389-2 at 31 value may represent an ancient relationship prior to the introduction of surnames between N-31, Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught, and Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN. Certainly, a genetic distance of two with N-8 and three with N-3 and N-30 at the 12-marker level indicates that this NOLAND family does not match the Irish Type III or Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught within the timeframe of surname use, but it does not rule out an ancient connection between N-31, Irish Type III, or Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught. Matches of significance at Y-Search for N-31 are the exact 12-marker O'Bryne (Bryne) Co. Kilkenny result for RE7TY and PJY4B Breen of Ireland result. The match with RE7TY of Co. Kilkenny Ireland is precisely where this NOLAND haplotype should exist. Twenty-first century DNA analysis is also separating Carlow Clan O’NOLAN into distinct lineages: Shangarry, Ballon-Rathoe, Ballykealey, and Kilbride. Shangarry is in the southern part of Co. Carlow and has been DNA defined with the ancient 12-marker haplotype of 13, 25, 14, 11, 11, 13, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, and 29. Ballon-Rathoe from the middle part of Co. Carlow, Ballykealey, and Kilbride have as yet not attained the status of a distinct lineage due to a limited number of NOLAN surnamed DNA participants. Certainly, in the future, with participation of more, NOLAN surnamed DNA participants, Ballon-Rathoe, Ballykealey, and Kilbride will attain separate and distinct Carlow NOLAN lineage status as will the Offaly - Kilkenny Ossory, and Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN. These separate and distinct O’NOLAN lineages will fail to meet a standard of recent relatedness within a time span for the modern use of surnames. Emerging DNA evidence suggests that relatedness for some of these O’NOLAN lineages goes beyond the time span for surname use to perhaps the 2nd century C. E. (Common Era). Without question, Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN moved into the Connaught territory of the Uí Bróen and the Uí Cholgan, kinsmen of this Clan Colgcan sept, sometime after the Norman Invasion. The Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN may or may not be further subdivided into the Ulster lineages of Co. Donegal and Fermanagh. It is widely accepted that 150,000 or more Ulster Irish were residing in North America prior to the American Revolution. Charles A. Hanna estimated that figure as more than 333,000 in a two-volume work on the subject of The Scotch-Irish or the Scot in North Britain, North Ireland, and North America published in 1902. In an attempt to bring forth all relevant data, N-3, N-4, and N-30 of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught match participants of the WINDHAM Family DNA Project Khaki Group 01 at a high probability of 98.55-99.18% at the 24-generation range or 600 years. As a general rule, a 90% or more match of compared markers at the 25-marker level or beyond 23 of 25, 33 of 37, 61 of 67 is a probable genetic cousin with a different surnamed individual. This general rule does not apply to a limited 12-marker comparison. The WINDHAM Family DNA Project Khaki Group 01 claim descent from Norfolk, England and EDWARD WINDHAM of Isle of Wight Co. Virginia through the lineage of JOHN WYNDHAM who purchased Felbrigg Hall about the year 1450. Though, a series of NOLAN families existed in England, as described on Part IV of this forum, there is no existing evidence supporting an English heritage for JOHN (NOLAN) NOWLIN of Isle of Wight Co. Virginia, 1643 except the WINDHAM Family DNA Project Khaki groups claim of English descent. The illegitimate child theory of English WINDHAM lore has merit in early Colonial Virginia, however, the illegitimate son of MARY WINDHAM as found in the 18 June 1677 and 4 August 1680 Accomack Co. records cannot explain all the various anomalies in WINDHAM genealogy. Evidence presented on Part II of this forum indicates an Irish connection between these two Herenagh Families of Co. Donegal represented in the Province of Connaught Ireland during the fifteenth and sixteenth century. Edward MacLysaght established that the O'MULGEEGH, O'BOILE’S, O'BOYLE, MCSWYNE'S, MACSWEENEY, O'MULGEEHY, O MAOLGHAOITHE, MACSUIBHNE family of Clandaholka Parish Co. Donegal became WYNNE or WYNDHAM. By 1400, MACSUIBHNE of Connacht had secured a territorial enclave in Co. Sligo. And Mevaugh Parish where the NOLAN family was Herenagh property owners is adjacent to Clandaholka Parish Co. Donegal. Atlas of Family Names in Ireland - McSweeney, McSwyne, McSwyny - 1659. The lowest percentages of Iberian DNA influence in the British Isles or United Kingdom are found in Norfolk, England at 58-59% as presented in The Origins of the British (2006) by Stephen Oppenheimer. North Wales and western Ireland, on the other hand, have the highest recorded percentages of Iberian DNA influence: 93-96%. Thus, DNA evidence is in exact agreement with the conclusion that it is more probable that this NOLAN-WINDHAM family connection occurred in Ireland rather than England. Of course, Col. J. P. NOLAN cautions readers in Galway Castle Owners, 1574 against accepting any surname in that article beginning with Mac: “it is doubtful whether MCSWYNE is an original surname or denotes BURKE.” (3) The grant of Ballinrobe Castle and estate to THOMAS NOLAN in 1607, as described in Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of BURKE, NOLAN, Cuff, and Knox, therefore, could signify an illegitimate hereditary relationship between the BOURKE (BURKE, MCSWYNE, WYNDHAM) family and the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN. “At that period, in addition to the old castle at Ballinrobe attached to the McWilliamship, there also existed at Ballinrobe another castle of more recent date - hence called the "Newcastle" - which seems to have been the patrimonial property of another branch of the Mayo Bourkes - the descendants of "Shane na Termuin" (John Bourke of the Termon). In the list of 1574, "Richard McShane an Termon" is given as the owner of this Newcastle. I am inclined to think that both these castles at Ballinrobe were allotted or confirmed under the terms of the Composition of Mayo in 1585 to Sir Richard fitz Oliver Bourke, the then McWilliam Eighter. He died in December 1585, and the election of any new McWilliam was prohibited by the Queen's government. Sir Richard Bourke's son and heir William Bourke, on the 16th April 1586 obtained a grant by patent from Queen Elizabeth of the castle and manor of Ballyloughmask, and 13 quarters of land in Kilmaine Barony, but the castle and manor of Ballinrobe were not specifically comprised or included in this patent grant, and they seem to have been appropriated and retained as Crown property until the reign of King James I. On 2 July 1607 THOMAS NOLAN, described as "of Ballinrobe" got a grant by patent from King James I "of the 4 quarters of Ballinrobe" and on the 20th August 1617 the same THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe got a regrant by patent of the castle and manor of Ballinrobe, with 4 quarters. This THOMAS NOLAN had acted as sub-sheriff of the County of Mayo in 1583, and about that date probably had acquired by purchase or mortgage land at Creevagh from Walter McTibbot (Bourke) of Crioch. After obtaining the patent grants of Ballinrobe above referred to, (if not earlier), THOMAS NOLAN went into occupation of the Newcastle at Ballinrobe, for the old castle attached to the MacWilliamship had probably even then become ruinous: every vestige of it has long since disappeared. Mr. Hubert Knox considers that its site was on the east bank of the river Robe, about where the iron bridge now is, but on the high ground.” (4) Though, at this point in time, that possibility of an illegitimate hereditary relationship is negligible. For instance, O'HUALLACHAIN (O'NOLAN), O'COBHTHAIGH (O'COFFEY), and O'HAODHA (O'HEA) or EGAN descend from the Corca Laoighdhe as do O'DRISCOLL. R1b1b2h (R1b1c10): DYS #385a and 385b at 11 and 17 - A Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) and Ossory (Osraighe) Haplotype in Co. Donegal, Ulster, Ireland, 1600s details these Y-DNA haplotype matches, which do not support an illegitimate hereditary relationship of any kind. The high level genetic match of the O'MULGEEGH, O'BOILE’S, O'BOYLE, MCSWYNE'S, MACSWEENEY, O'MULGEEHY, O MAOLGHAOITHE, MACSUIBHNE family of Clandaholka Parish Co. Donegal who became WYNNE or WYNDHAM denotes a hereditary link to the Corca Laoighdhe and adoption of this surname by (O'HUALLACHAIN) O'NOLAN. “Based upon documented genealogy since the early 1600s it is quite evident that the De Burgo (De Bergh, Burgho, Bourke, Burke, etc.) and Nolan families were closely allied, intermarrying with one another. The marriage, in the 1600s, of Catherine Nolan, granddaughter of Thomas of Ballinrobe and daughter of John of Inniscrone, to Walter Bourke (????-1715), Major General of the Athlone Regiment of Foot and later a Count in France, is a clear testament to this fact. This special relationship between the two families may however have already started as early as 1394. This is suggested by the fact that when the Nolans of Galway City first erected a tomb to their Loughboy ancestors, they erected it in a Franciscan Friary founded by the De Burgo family.” (5) Common practice in those days was for powerful men, Norman De Burgo (BOURKE) or (BURKE) family, to produce offspring with many different surnamed females introducing DNA diversity into the clan structure. Thus, it would not have been unusual for the different septs, families, or clans of the BOURKE’S (BURKE’S) to use the prominent surname of MCSWYNE (MCSWINE) which became (WINDHAM) WYNDHAM, as described by Edward MacLysaght, to have produced offspring with various females of other Irish clans. Or for Richard McShane an Termon, owner of the Newcastle at Ballinrobe in 1574, to have genetic ties to the O’Neil’s through Clan McShane of Donegal Co. Ulster. A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland. Laoise T. Moore,1,* Brian McEvoy,1,* Eleanor Cape,1 Katharine Simms,2 and Daniel G. Bradley1 1Smurfit Institute of Genetics and 2School of Histories and Humanities, Trinity College, Dublin “Also, whereas medieval Ireland was Christian, earlier marriage customs persisted and allowed divorce and concubinage. One feature of these customs was that illegitimate sons were claimed and had rights protected by law (Jaski 2000). As in other polygynous societies, the siring of offspring was related to power and prestige (Betzig 1995). For example, Lord Turlough O’Donnell (d. 1423) had 18 sons with 10 different women and counted 59 grandsons in the male line (Connolly 2002).” (6) “The residual diversity in the Ui´ Ne´ill sample is probably the cumulative consequence of non- paternity events and the induction into the clan structure of unrelated males.” (7) Another genealogical scenario, described below, does have a high probability of interaction between a NOLAN Galway merchant family of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN and the English WYNDHAM or WINDHAM family. Namely, that the KNOWLAN (KNOLLIN) lineage from Exeter and Devon in southwest England derived from the NOLAN Galway merchants of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN sometime in the thirteenth or fourteenth century, which fits into the 24-generation or 600 year range of a 98.55-99.18% high probability DNA match between N-3, N-4, and N-30 of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught and the WINDHAM Family DNA Project Khaki Group 01 participants. FAMILLE DE NOLLENT. Armoiries - d'argent à trois roses de gueules 2 et 1 et une fleur de lys en abîme. Translation: Armorial bearings - of money or silver with three pinks of mouths 2 and 1 and one flower of lily in abyss. One plausible explanation for the NOLIN (NOLLENT) lineage from France and the KNOWLAN (KNOLLIN) lineage from Exeter and Devon in southwest England may have a connection to Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught through the Norman controlled city of Galway, Ireland. Members of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught were some of the earliest Irish merchants in Galway. They intermarried with the Normans dispersing among the population. Inclusion of d'argent "of money" or "of silver" in the armorial bearings of the NOLLENT lineage from France denotes that they were also of a merchant class. Incidentally, the MARTYN family was established in Devon and Exeter in England as early as the Norman Conquest as noted in the Visitation of the County of Devon, 1620 authored by Vivian, John Lambrick and published by Henry S. Eland, Exeter, 1895. The intermarriage of the MARTYN and NOLAN families in Galway may have occurred very early in the thirteenth century, which in turn may have given rise to the KNOWLAN (KNOLLIN) lineage from Exeter and Devon in southwest England. Professor Louis M. Cullen of Trinity College, Dublin, in his book, Galway Merchants in the Outside World, 1650-1800, cites specific examples of Galway merchant families settling abroad: Butler, Kirwan, and Bodkin. Cullen states that not very many Galway merchant families settled permanently abroad in relation to the merchants of Waterford, but perhaps the NOLAN Galway merchants settled abroad at an earlier time period which resulted in the NOLIN (NOLLENT) lineage from France and the KNOWLAN (KNOLLIN) lineage from Exeter and Devon in southwest England. 31 July 2006. "In the context of heraldry the use of "argent" means silver. In French, argent can be used to mean money but not in the context of heraldry. You may be right in theorizing that the NOLLENT family is related to the Galway NOLANS from the 1300-1400s as Rouen in Normandy and on the Seine river was a major trade city in the Middle Ages. The NOLLENTS (living closer to the mouth of the Seine) could very well have been involved in trade and come there from Ireland." (8) Roger Nowlan Nolan Clan Member and Former Clan Secretary rnowlan@primus.ca IRISH ANCESTORS - COUNTY GALWAY (GAILLIMH). “One area over which the Normans gained decisive control was Galway city. After the building of the town walls around 1270, a strong trading and seafaring tradition developed, which saw Galway merchants travelling as far afield as Spain and the West Indies.” (9) These Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught merchants interacted in a positive manner, possibly as under-tenants,* of the Normans perhaps as early as the late twelfth century in Co. Kilkenny, and they could also help explain the existence of Captain DON DIEGO NOLANE in the service of Spain, 1660; and Captain DON JUAN NOLAN in the service of Spain, 1663. Adjutant NICOLAS NOLAN and Captain JAMES NOLAN were part of an Irish Infantry regiment commanded by Colonel George Cusacq from 1658-62. On 21 September 1662, the pension and service of Adjutant NICOLAS NOLAN was transferred to the company of Spanish Infantry commanded by Colonel Antonio Hurtado, however, the possibility of a NOLAN family in Spain prior to that time still exists. Nevertheless, it is likely that these soldiers were descendants of the fighting men of Carlow Clan O’NOLAN. At least from 1586, the Irish served in the Spanish army. Estimates range from 40,000 Irish serving in the regiments of Spain by the year 1650 growing to a 120,000 in later years. * Under-tenant meaning a tenant holding land from the main landholder, tenant-in-chief, or Lord holding land granted directly from the king. Another possibility for the family DE NOLLENT of France, as stated by Roger NOWLAN in NOLAN Families of Canada, would be the recruitment of Irish for the crusades. ISAMBART DE NOLLENT, Norman knight, lived during the thirteenth century. His paternal ancestors may have been of Irish descent. Further genealogical research and DNA evidence may one day prove that relationship. Members of Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN or Ossory Clan O’NOLAN could be the forbearers of this NOLLENT lineage. Or to be as accurate as possible, these NOLAN lineages could support an ancient Celtic connection. The Belgae made their way into Gaul, which consists in the modern world of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands; Iberia (Spain and Portugal). Historians describe these Britannic Celts, Érainn, spreading their La Tène culture in the British Isles before moving into Ireland circa 500 B. C. E. Trinity College geneticists from Dublin, Ireland estimate the migration may have occurred much earlier 4,000-1,000 B. C. E. claiming that the Celtic people of Ireland and Scotland have a commonality with the people of Portugal and Spain. This 2004 Trinity College genetic study revealed kinships between the Celts of Ireland and Scotland, the people of Galicia, an ancient association of Celtic tribes residing above the banks of the Douro River in the Iberian Peninsula, and the non-Celtic Basque region. The Gaul’s conquered parts of Asia Minor and the term Gaul refers to an ancient name given the territory south and west of the Rhine, west of the Alps, and north of the Pyrenees. These ancient Celtic associations, though, could be representative of Ken Nordtvedt's calculation of a time to most recent common ancestor for U152 (R1b1b2a2g) (R1b1b2h*) (R1b1c10) that falls within the range for the volcanic destruction of the city and territory of Nola in ancient Italy circa 1800 and 1750 B. C. with a 3,780 year most recent common ancestor estimate for R-U152 and R-U106 stating that the MRCA for R-U152 is within range of that estimate and the MRCA for R-U106 occurs at the 3,270 year marker making the MRCA for it 500 years younger than R-U152. The article, We are not Celts at all but Galician’s, discussing this study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics concluded that the Iberian peninsula was the probable focal point of this migration to Ireland 4,000-1,000 B. C. E., that genetically the Irish, Scots, Welsh, and the Cornish people have similar genetics with the Basque people of the western Pyrenees, and that they are of probable descent from an ancient culture residing on the Atlantic coast citing that the English had a closer genetic relationship with the interior Germanic population thereby establishing a close link to the European continent. Though, we cannot discount the Balkan and Central Italian refugium as a probable focal point of this migration. This Atlantic Modal Haplotype (AMH) is associated with Haplogroup R1b, and it is most frequent among men in Western Europe characterized by the following marker alleles: DYS388 12. DYS390 24. DYS391 11. DYS392 13. DYS393 13. DYS394 14 (also known as DYS19). A mutation in either direction would be AMH 1.15+ referred to as the Atlantic Modal Cluster reaching high frequency in the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula. In Portugal, for instance, it reaches 33%. The "1" in "1.15+" refers to Haplogroup 1 (the old nomenclature, equivalent to R1b). The "15" is an arbitrary catalog number of that particular haplotype and the "+" means the collection of all haplotypes that are within one-step of that haplotype. DYS 388 12. DYS 390 24. DYS 391 10. DYS 392 13. DYS 393 13. DYS 394 (DYS 19) 14. National Geographic - Genographic Project - Haplogroup R1b Population Route Map. R1b1c10 Ancestral History of N-4 (NOLAN DNA Surname Project) provided by the National Geographic - Genographic Project. Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades Most individuals of Haplogroup R1b will be R1b1 and most individuals of Haplogroup R1b1 will be R1b1b2. R1b1b2 is by far the most common subclade of R1b1 due to the fact that it encompasses such a large percentage of western European males. Thus, the search continues to define subclades of R1b1b2. International Society of Genetic Genealogy: Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree And of course, there are African-American NOLAN lineages due to the impact of slavery in America. Some of these African-American NOLAN descendants can undoubtedly trace their ancestry to the above-mentioned lineages through DNA. At least eleven million Africans were enslaved in the Americas. Most, if not all, slaves transported to North America were captured in the Western or West Central portion of that continent. Though, by the year 2006, less than one in ten are able to track their heritage, past that point, to an individual African tribal location due to the tremendous genetic diversity of that region. The sale in 1619 of twenty Africans transported to Virginia by a Dutch ship heralded that era into American history. To conclude this introductory segment, the O‘HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) landholding sept of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is believed to have had herenagh property in Ulster Co. Donegal moving their influence further north from Co. Sligo, but it is also a possibility that the JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight Co. Virginia, 1643 represents another separate and distinct sept of the Ui Cholgan with genealogical references to the Uí Briuin of Connacht kinsmen with the Uí Néill. Genetic ties to the O’HAGAN and WYNDHAM surnames establish an Ulster connection. The date of the genetic transfer between O‘HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) and MAC SUIBHNE (MACSWEENEY) WYNDHAM occurred within a time frame of 24-generations and could be the results of interaction with MAC SUIBHNE Connacht after the year 1400. O’HAGAN genetic ties occurred earlier and could be the result of the Corca Laighde rule in Osraighe. A brief introduction of early human migration and Celtic origins begins this discussion. The rest of this forum is devoted to the history and genealogy of Carlow Clan O’NOLAN and Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught descending from patronymic names based on the first name of the ancestor's father. CLANS. Carlow Clan O’NOLAN descends from NUALAN or NUALLAIN of EOCHA FIONN FOHART the brother of CONN CEAD-CATHA or Conn of the Hundred Battles. EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of Carlow Clan (O'NOWLAN) O'NOLAN. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught descends from UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of MUGRON of Clan Colgan. MUGRON of Clan Colgan has been suggested, in the below discussion, as a descendant of LUGAIDHE MACCON, the grandson of LUGHAIDH LAIDHE, the son of AONGHUS* son of EOCHAIDH FIONN FOHART ancestor of Carlow Clan (O'NOWLAN) O'NOLAN. A more detailed ancestor tree of UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of Clan Colgan can be found at: Human Family Project - 1339. MUGRON of Clan Colgan, the ancestor of O'H-UALLACHAIN or HOOLAHAN, was reportedly born at Ballycowen, Kings, Co. (Offaly). * This is not corroborated by an early genealogy of the Corca Laoighdhe cited below. AONGHUS is reported to have led expelled tribes, some settling in Munster, back into Ireland from South Wales which might explain the relationship and the confusion over his role in Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught. Although, it is a possibility the birth information is indication of Gaelic ancestry bestowed upon invading Celts. A “distinct sept of O'Hennessy [and O'H-UALLACHAIN] was of Corca Laoidhe, located near Ross Bay in South-west Cork.” (10) This invading Celtic tribe first settled in Co. Cork and Kerry. It is, therefore, a possibility that the descendants of MUGRON, described in this forum, were of Cork not Offaly and that the Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught is actually Cork - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught. The above quote is from Laois & Offaly Surnames. “About 737 the Osraighe are noted to have raided and devastated two territories to their north, Cinel Fiachach and Dealbhna [Ethra], located in the southern portion of Co. Meath and northern section of Co. Offaly.” (11) MUGRON or other members of Clan Colgain may have become Lords of Offaly at that time, but were most probably inextricably linked to the clan or sept of O'H-UALLACHAIN recorded in the Genealach Sil n-Anmchada from The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country, who became Cuolahan. The above quote is from the History of Osraighe: The Roots of County Kilkenny. THE TRIBES AND CUSTOMS OF HY-MANY. “Uallachan, mac Flaind, mic Flandchada, mic Innrachtaig, mic Mailiduin, mic Donngaili, mic Anmchaid, mic Eogain Buac. Is o'n Uallachan sin Meg Uallachain, 93 .i. sein-riga na n-Anmchadach.” (12) The ancient genealogy of Clan Colgan (Colgain) - UA HUALLACHAIN, and Fothairt Fea - (Carlow) O'NOLAN offer proof of two separate and distinct clans of Ireland. The two e-mails below from ROGER NOWLAN, Secretary of the NOLAN Clan Association, on 12 and 13 December 2005 describe an ancient genealogical link between Clan Colgan (Colgain) - UA HUALLACHAIN, and Fothairt Fea - (Carlow) O’NOLAN. The information cannot be discounted, as a possible reason for NOLAN'S to have originated in (Osraighe) Kilkenny. The Corca Dhuibhne and Corca Laoighdhe were brethren tribes of the Érainn (Belgae from Belgium). The Corca Dhuibhne, according to the below paragraph from The History of Ireland, ruled over the descendants of FIACHAIDH SUIGHDHE, brother to CONN CEADCHATHACH of the Hundred Battles and EOCHAIDH FIONN, when they were in Munster. AONGHUS son of EOCHAIDH FIONN (Carlow Nolan ancestor) son of FEIDHLIMIDH REACHTMHAR was reportedly the leader of the Offaly - Kilkenny NOLAN: Connaught ancestors at that time. "These three sons of Fiachaidh Suighdhe divided that territory between them into three parts; and they are called the descendants of Oilill Earann, and the Earna. However, they are not the Earna, but the descendants of Conaire son of Mogh Lamha it is these that were styled the Earna. It is Corc Duibhne son of Cairbre Musc who was chief over the descendants of Fiachaidh Suighdhe who came to Munster; and it was these descendants that were called the Deise; and Aonghus son of Eochaidh Fionn son of Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar was their leader when coming to Munster, and with him were the three sons of Fiachaidh Suighdhe, namely, Rossa, Eoghan, and Aonghus.” (13) The e-mails are presented on this forum in the interest of allowing the reader to review all the evidence and form his or her own independent evaluation as to whether Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught and Carlow Clan O'NOLAN constitute different and distinct clans of Ireland. As discussed above, in Ireland, "of the Nolans" is usually representative of the Co. Carlow Nolans. By the 17th century, these two Irish Clan names are interchangeable, but a new hypothesis is possible due to the ever-expanding knowledge of genetics. "Of the Nolans" could represent the people from the territory of Nola of ancient Italy. 12 December 2005. “Have begun my analysis of the information provided. In particular you quote from the book "O'Nolan - The History of a People" whose writing and publication was done by the Nolan Clan as a Millennium project in Ireland. I have a copy of the book and I believe that I have uncovered in it a link between your Nolan branch and the Nolan’s of County Carlow. Chapter 4, although written in a sometimes convoluted way and most likely an unedited version. I believe that what you see is father Nolan's unedited version as written in the early 1900’s. Here are the main points of interest found in Chapter 4 of the book of what I believe is written in Chapter 4 (and last part of Chapter 3) which relates to the O'Hoolahan/O'Nolan sept. 1. Feidlimidh (anglicized Phelim) Reachtmhar married to Baine, daughter of Scal the King of Finland, Sweden and Denmark had three sons: Conn Ceadchathach (of the Hundred Battles). Eochaidh (pronounced Eochy) Fionn. Fiachchaidh Suighdhe. 2. Some historians believe that Eochaidh was the first born and that when Conn, through battle won for himself the kingship of Ireland, the other two brothers sought by all sorts of means to win the kingship for Eoachidh, the firstborn. One action, which created lasting bad blood between the brothers, was the killing of two of Conn's sons, Conla and Crionan, by Eochaidh and Fiachaidh. Eochaidh was also supposedly involved in arranging the murder of Conn. 3. After Conn's death at the battle of Moylena (A. D. 157) when also his two sons mentioned earlier were killed, a third son named Art assumed the Kingship of Ireland (A. D. 165-195) and banished his uncles Eochaidh and Fiachaidh from Tara. 4. Prior to this battle, during the reign of Feidlimidh Reachtmhar, Eochaidh had obtained lands in perpetuity for he and his descendants in Leinster. This meant that Eochaidh had a place to go but Fiachaidh does not seem to have been as fortunate. 5. Fiachaidh's sons, Rossa, Aonghus Gaoibuaibhttheach and Eoghan, were driven into Leinster by Cormac, son of Art, son of Conn. After staying in Leinster for a year, the brothers moved on to Ossory but now accompanied by Aonghus, son of Eochaidh (Carlow Nolan ancestor) as their leader. In Ossory, the three sons met up with their kinswoman, Sadbh, daughter of Conn, who was married to Oilill Olom. Oilill gave the party that part of Deise Teamhrach, which was in Munster. Fiachaidh's three sons divided this territory into three parts and in historical documents they are falsely referred to as the descendants of Oilill Earan and the Earna. 6. Aonghus' sons Corc, Lugad, and Crumath ruled over "Fothart Airbreach" (also known as Bri-eli) but he also had at last one other son Cormac. On page 42 of the Nolan book one line of descent of Aonghus is given as: 81. Aenghus Meann. 82. Cormac. 83. Carbru Niadh (this is perhaps the origin of the name Carberry in Cork). 84. Artcorb. 85. Fergus Tarbry, Sedney, File, Adnad, and Conla (A. D. 236) etc. From the information you supplied I have that the Hoolahan’s are descended from Luchaidh, high king from 195 to 225 AD, son of Con or "Maccon", son of Luchaidh Laidhe. This particular Luchaidh is mentioned in the Nolan book on page 48 (chapter 5). Here we read that it was Lioghairne of the Long Cheeks (leacanfada) son of Aonghus son of Eochaidh who killed Art, son of Conn. On page 48 of the Nolan book the family connection is stated as follows: "Lugadh Lagha, the brother of Oilill, but related to Maccon [i.e. The son of Con i.e. "Maccon" named Luchaidh who became king], by his mother, and Ligurn of the Fotharta [i.e. the son of Aonghus son of Eochaidh] whom Art had banished." The killing of Art by Ligurn is described on the same page as follows: "Incensed at the expulsion of his family, Lioghaire [i.e. Ligurn] joined the forces of Maccon against his relative Art, and had the killing of him with his own hand, at Turloch Airt. The name is still preserved, between Moyseola and Kilconnan, near Athenry." (14) Roger Nowlan Nolan Clan Association Member and Former Clan Secretary rnowlan@primus.ca 13 December 2005. “With regards to the existence of a separate sept for the Offaly-Kilkenny Nolan’s I believe that you are right in stating that it does constitute a different one than the Carlow Nolan’s. There is no argument there even if there would be a remote family connection as I suggest. I say that because the first ancestors for many of the current-day Irish families do not go as far back as circa 100 A. D. A good example is the O'Brien family with Brian Boru as an ancestor or even the Kavanagh’s who are a sub-branch of the MacMurrough’s dating back to around 1200. With regards to the Nolan Clan family association, as apparent from the draft new clan objectives (relayed in an earlier Email), I am comfortable with researching the roots of all septs with the common surname of Nolan or any of its variants i.e. Offaly-Kilkenny Nolan’s, Knollin’s from Devon, Newland’s from Scotland, Nolin’s and Nollent’s from France, Carlow Nolan’s, etc. I applaud your enthusiasm in researching the Offaly-Kilkenny sept. Keep it up!” (15) Roger Nowlan Nolan Clan Member and Former Clan Secretary rnowlan@primus.ca FAMILIES IN IRELAND FROM THE 11th TO THE END OF THE 16th CENTURY. According to A Topographical and Historical Map of Ancient Ireland, compiled by Philip MacDermott, M.D., the following were the names of the principal families in Ireland, of Irish, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Irish origin, from the eleventh to the end of the sixteenth century. O'HOOLLAGHAN, Chief, Galway. O'HOOLLAGHAN, King's Co. (Offaly). O'HOOLLAGHAN, Cork. O'NOLAN, Lord, Carlow. THE ANCIENT KINGDOM OF CONNAUGHT. 5. O'FALLAMHAIN or O'FALLON were chiefs of Clan Uadach, a district in the barony of Athlone, in the county Roscommon, comprising the parishes of Cam and Dysart, and had a castle at Miltown. The O'FALLON'S were originally chiefs in Westmeath, near Athlone. 29. * O'HULLACHAIN or O'HOOLAGHAN, sometimes anglicised "O'COOLAGHAN" and MACCOOLAGHAN, chiefs of Siol Anmchadha. * “This name is now always anglicised Cuolahan, though in the old records relating to the property of this family, in the reign of James I., it is more correctly made McCouleghan. In O'Dugan's topographical poem, this family is called O' h-Uallacháin, and styled chiefs of Sil Anmchadha; but it appears from other authorities that the 'Mac' is the more usual prefix. The present head of this family is Henry Cuolahan, Esq., of Cogran House, in the parish of Lusmagh, on the east side of the Shannon, in the King's County, which parish originally formed a part of the territory of Sil-Anmchadha, of which this family were chieftains before the O'Maddens.” (16) This quote is from The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country (Author: [unknown]), p.40 (section 1). THE COLAHAN PEDIGREE. "John O'Donovan's edition (1843) of The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many (p. 41) sheds light on the ancestry of the Cuolahans associated with the parish of Lusmagh, east of the Shannon in County Offaly, which formed part of the territory of Siol Anmchadha where they were chieftains before the O'Maddens who, in turn, became chiefs of all Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's country. O'Donovan's map of Hy-Many shows 'Baile Mhac Uallachain' (Ballymacoolahan) lying about half-way between Clonmacnoise and Portumna, just below Banagher and across from 'Eaglais Mhilic' and points to their association with that neighborhood. In his elaborate note on the pedigree of Mac Uallachain (pp. 183-186) O'Donovan quotes a quatrain relating the valour and venomous-weaponed chief of a family called 'O'h-Uallachain' in the Topographical poem of O'Dugan (who died in 1372). (1) Early notices in the Irish Annals refer to the involvement of this family in conflicts and battles but after the 'English Invasion' they had 'lost the dignity of chieftains' and, therefore, disappeared from history, although the tradition still remained that they were anciently Irish chieftains." (17) An interesting thing to note is that descendants of Mac Uallachain are represented in Galway, as are descendants of the O‘H UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) clan or sept from Co. Kilkenny. The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. LIV (2002), Ó Cearbhaill, Diarmuid: The Colahans—a remarkable Galway family. Snadh na Sean, 121. The O'H-UALLACHAIN sept or clan also branched into the O’HOULIHAN’S who "were originally chiefs in County Clare, where their arms and their proximity to Aidhne suggest a clan affiliation with the O’SHAUGHNESSY’S (both the O’SHAUGHNESSY'S and the O’HEYNE’S had important medieval branches settled in just over the Clare border in Limerick). The O’HOULIHAN’S were in any case pushed by Cromwell into Connaught, though; some were dispersed southward to County Cork, where they adopted the form “HOLLAND," by which name they are still known. In Roscommon and Mayo the name became NUALLACHAIN, and was Anglicized as NOLAN." (18) The above quote is from the Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland, Chapter IX: The Gaels, 96-97. EARLY HUMAN MIGRATION. "Central Asia is revealed to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity, and the source of at least three waves of migration, leading into Europe, the Americas and India." Modern humans migrated out of Africa into Central Asia before spreading both east and west into North America and Europe, says an international team of scientists who have used modern DNA analysis to trace ancient migrations. "Around 40-50,000 years ago, [approximately 2000 generations] Central Asia was full of tropical trees, a good place for hunting and fishing," said Nadira Yuldasheva of the Institute of Immunology at the Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. "Then, as desertification came in, some people moved west into Europe and some moved into Siberia, [India] and on into North [and South] America." (19) Quote from Sciforums.com. Dr. Spencer Wells; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. CELTIC ORIGINS. "The people known as the Celts are thought to have originated in central Europe, to the east of the Rhine in the areas now part of southern Germany, Austria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. From around 3,400 years ago, these proto-Celtic people expanded across the Continent, and eventually inhabited a large portion of central, western, and northwestern Europe. During the Classical period of Greece and Rome, Celtic culture was predominant to the north of the Alps. Even today, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Cornwall, Cambria and Brittany are basically Celtic in character. Despite the changes that time has brought, the influence of Celtic traditions [are] still fundamental." (20) The above quote is from "The Sacred World of the Celts" by Nigel Pennick at Celtic Origins & History. "The Celts were a southern European people of Indo-Aryan origin who first surfaced in Bohemia and traveled west in search of the home of the sun. Science has recently established their basic blood group as 'O', in keeping with their modern descendants, which designates them as a separate race from the aboriginals of the southern Indian subcontinent, where the 'B' blood group predominates. History tells us that there were two main Celtic groups, one of which is referred to as the 'lowland Celts' who hailed from the region of the Danube. These people left their native pastures around 1200 B. C. and slowly made their way across Europe, founding the lake dwellings in Switzerland, the Danube valley and Ireland. They were skilled in the use of metals and worked in gold, tin and bronze. Unlike the more familiar Celtic strain these people were an agriculturally oriented race, being herdsmen, tillers and artificers who burned rather than buried their dead. They blended peacefully with the megalithic people, among whom they settled, contributing powerfully to the religion, art, and customs they encountered as they slowly spread westward. Their religious beliefs also differed from the next group, being predominately matriarchal. The second group, often referred to as the 'true' Celts, followed closely behind their lowland cousins, making their first appearance on the left bank of the Rhine at the commencement of the sixth century B. C. These people, who came from the mountainous regions of the Balkans and Carpathians, were a military aristocracy. Reputed to love fighting for the sake of it they were frequently to be found among the mercenaries of the great armies of those early times. They had a distinct class system, the observance of which constituted one of their major racial features. These were the warlike Celts of ancient history who sacked Rome and Delphi, eventually marching victoriously across much of Europe and the British Isles. But in spite of their martial inclinations they were also known for their qualities of chivalry, courage and dauntless bravery, their more aggressive tendencies being balanced out by a great sensitivity to music, poetry and philosophy. Unlike the lowland Celts these people buried their dead, and their elaborate religious rituals held in honor of Lugh are well recounted in the pages of the recorded past." (21) The above quote is from "Practical Celtic Magic" by Murry Hope at Celtic Origins & History. During the "days of primitive warfare the Irish warriors put their trust in the plashed woods and open moorland, while the Norman barons depended upon stout fortresses and strong Castles. These they erected at convenient places as soon as they had secured a footing, and, planting a garrison within, used them as safe retreats from attack, and secure bases from which to sally forth for aggression." (22) The town lands of Castleinch or Inchyolaghan, in the Barony of Shillelogher, Co. Kilkenny and Loughboy in Co. Kilkenny were undoubtedly the ancestral home of the O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) sept from the Corca Laidhe, Clan Colgain group who descended from MUGRON of Co. Offaly. Thus sometime after the Norman invasion, probably in the late twelfth century, the Barrett's built Castleinch: Caislean-na-h-Ínse or Inse Ui Uallachán, O' Holohan's holm in the Barony of Shillelogher. This family of Barrett's originally settled in Co. Cork, but quickly moved into other areas including Co. Mayo and Galway by the 1230's. The Castle at Castleinch was later taken over by the McCarthy's according to the following web page: Town Lands. In the 1640’s, the Papal Nuncio, Rinuccini is by tradition supposed to have lodged there on his way to attend the Confederation of Kilkenny. The site of the Castle was to the west of the Castleinch graveyard and has long since been demolished. The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 79. HISTORICAL TIMELINE - CO. KILKENNY. c1198 - The remaining cantreds of Odogh, Galmoy and Shillelogher were sub-divided among a number of lesser knights: Grace (Tullaroan); St. Leger (Tullaghanbrogue and Attanagh); de Valle (Ballubur with Castleinch); fitz Gerald (Burnchurch); Avenal (Kilferagh); bishop of Ossory (Freshford and Durrow); Bigod (Aghmacart); Drohull (Tubbridbritain); Fanyn (Clomantagh); Syward, later fitz Gerald (Glashare with Fertagh); Archdeacon (Galmoy (Erke?)); Smith (Coolcashin); de Rochford (Sheffin and Odagh?); fitz Warin, later Freyne (Rathbeagh); Devereaux (Aharney). 1289 - Michael of Exeter serves as Bishop of Ossory until his death in 1302. "The land around each castle was then arranged into estates so as to raise revenue, those estates were like small kingdoms. The lord of the “manor estate” was a law into himself, having the civil, judicial and military power into his own hand.” (23) The above quote is from Long Ago In Ireland. KNIGHTS' FEES IN COUNTY KILKENNY: 13th & 14th CENTURY. THE DE CLARE PURPARTY (1247): TENANT'S NAME, FEES, PLACE, NAME, PROBABLE LOCATION. Reimund de Vall[e] or (John de Valle), 1/2, Theolechan, Inchyolaghan or Castleinch, Barony of Shillelogh. "In the twelfth century, Earl William Marshal granted the parish of Castleinch to the Anglo-Norman De Valle (or Wall) family." (24) John de Valle (Wall) paid half a knights fee at Castleinch in 1247. It is not known when, but at some point after the Norman invasion this O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) sept moved to Co. Galway (Ui-Maine or Hy-Maine), probably as feudal tenants of the Barrett's. An educated guess would have this O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) sept moving into Co. Galway, as feudal tenants of the Barrett’s, at least by the year 1236-37, or in the late twelfth century before Co. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210 if they were not feudal tenants, but this family could have moved from Leinster as late as 1394 after DONNELL O'NOLAN submitted to Richard II. The above quote is from the Cuffe Family Message Board at Ancestry.com: The Cuffes of Desart Court, 1583-1679, Author: Turtle Bunbury. * Hy-Many Map. Click Image to Enlarge. * It is interesting to note on the above map that the septs of the Ui Colgain are settled in western Connacht in the territory of the Ui Briuin Seola. "Following the coming of the Normans beginning in the 13th century, a portion of ancient Ui Maine later became known as the district of Clanricarde, named for a branch of the Burke family. This included much of the baronies of Loughrea, Kiltartan, Clare, Dunkellin, Athenry and Leitrim, in Co. Galway, according to O'Donovan." (25) This quote is also from (Ui-Maine or Hy-Maine). “What followed in Ireland of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries was a change from acquiring lordship over men to colonizing land. The founding of borough towns, castles and churches; the importing of tenants; and the increase in agriculture and commerce were among the changes brought on by the Cambro-Normans following the Invasion.” (26) The above quote is from Ireland In the 12th Century. The Barrett family became lords of Moyne alias Tirawley, Co. Mayo after the 12th century and essentially adopted Gaelic culture becoming (Hiberniores Hibernis ipsis) more Irish than the Irish themselves. “The Norman intermarried with the Irish, in all things he became Irish but one: He was a feudal lord, owning all the land, everyone else being tenants, contrary to the Brehon laws that guaranteed to everybody a God given right to possess some land from which no rent could be raised.” (27) Historical texts that give an account of the O'NOLAN'S moving to Galway during the reign of King Henry VI or in 1444-45 are in error. The above quote is from Long Ago In Ireland. THE HISTORY OF THE TOWN AND COUNTY OF GALWAY FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME By James Hardiman, Esc. CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN AND SIGNIFICATION OF THE NAME OF GALWAY. "Besides the names already enumerated, there are many other families, who, though not similarly distinguished, were equally ancient and respectable, as well from length of residence in the town, as through alliance with the other inhabitants, by whom they were gradually affiliated, and finally considered, without any distinction, as members of the same body. Of these families, the principal were, BARRETT [e3] Bermingham, BURKE, Butler, Crean, FALLON, Lambert, NOLAN, [f3] Port, QUIN and Tully. The Coleman family [g3] is also recorded, at an early period; and particular mention is made of Edmond Coleman, from whom one of the Blake family, is said to have acquired the ancient castle and estate of Menlo?. The name of Craddock occurs early in the fifteenth century, the Moores, [h3] Beggs, Sempers [h3] and Tierneys, were also old natives of Galway; and many of the descendants of these different families, still reside in the town and its vicinity." (28) BARRETT - BàrÑid. Ancestors came with the Norman invasion circa 1169. Cork, Galway, Mayo. FALLON - O FALLAMHAIN, "ruler". Cork, Donegal, Galway, Kerry, Wexford. “15. As far back as our national records extend, the sept of the BARRETS was numerous and opulent, in Connaught; and chiefly in the baronies of Errus and Tyrawley, in the county of Mayo. They frequently occur in various ancient documents during the reign of Henry III. and for centuries after that period, and were the most powerful of the numerous clans in that district, viz, the BOURKES, Linnots, Clanpadins, Cusacks, Carownes, Clandonnells, and others.” (29) The above two quotes are from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 22-23. In 1317, Robert Bruce “laid siege to Kilkenny and demolished its castle, rooting out on his path every vestige of English power” in his effort to liberate Ireland. (30) Castleinch, or Inchyolaghan, in the parish of Castleinch, 4 km southwest of Kilkenny City may have been damaged at that time. In 1355, a son of Reimund de Valle is still listed as paying half a knights fee at Castleinch. The brethren of this O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) sept “O’Madden of Hy-Many alone of all the Irish chieftains remained faithful to the Earl of Ulster during the Scottish invasion. The Earl, to reward his fidelity, allowed one third of his province to be subject to O’Madden, that no English stewart should be over his Gaels, and that his stewarts should be over the English of the entire territory, both towns and castles. O‘Madden and his blood were also declared noble as the Earl and his blood.” (31) The above two quotes are from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 97. “Not all the O’NOLAN’S ‘misbehaved’ [according to Fr. John NOLAN & Art Kavanagh authors of O'NOLAN: The History of a People.] THOMAS NOLAN, of Galway, whose descendants owned huge areas of land in the west in the next two centuries, was corresponding with the Lord Deputy about the activities of the Burke's and O’Flaherty’s in 1589. In 1585, the O’NOLAN of Galway was one of 67 signatories from Connaught who surrendered their Irish names and customs of inheritance and received their castles and lands by patent to them and their heirs in English succession.” (32) The treaty of Limerick did allow those descendants of THOMAS NOLAN (O'H-UALLACHAIN) who remained in Ireland to keep a good portion of their land. It was negotiated by Patrick Sarsfield and allowed Catholic landowners, who could prove they were not actively supporting James II during the war that began in 1641, to keep their holdings. The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 198. The O'NOLAN'S of Co. Carlow, on the other hand, fought valiantly with Robert Bruce and the Scots giving "him all the assistance in their power." (33) The educated guess above makes sense when considering that the BARRETT'S and NOLAN'S were principal families of Galway listed by James Hardiman. The burial tomb of the ancient family of Connaught Offaly - Kilkenny O'NOLAN'S was situated in the center of the Franciscan Friary Churchyard in Galway, 1394 and that THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN) became one of the first English Tavern keepers in Connaught. The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 97. The Galway burial tomb of the ancient family of O'NOLAN of Loughboy is rebuilt and ornamented by MICHAEL O'NOLAN in 1473. DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) is mentioned as a goldsmith of Galway in 1500. And DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN was the owner of Qwarown Browne Castle in the barony of Moycullen Co. Galway, 1574. The barony of Moycullen is adjacent to the barony of Kilmain Co. Mayo where THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN) resided in 1583. MICHAEL O'NOLAN and DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) (O'HOLOGHAN) may be the great grandfather and father of (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN) THOMAS NOLAN. MICHAEL O'NOLAN is the earliest known documented named ancestor of the Galway, Mayo branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught. DOMNALL H-UA H-UALLACHAN or DOMNALL UA H-UALLACHAN, Archbishop of Munster, is, however, according to The Annals of Ulster & The Annals of the Four Masters: 1182 the earliest known documented individual of this surname. The Human Family Project, on the other hand, represents MACTIRE, CONNOR, and CUILEANN O’H-UALLACHAIN as the first known individuals of this surname. EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION LISTS ~ DIOCESE OF CORK, CLOYNE AND ROSS. BISHOPS OF ROSS. PETER (PATRICK) O H-UALLACHAIN, 1275. LAURENTIUS O H-UALLACHAIN, 1331. COUNTY KILKENNY, IRELAND: HISTORY & TIMELINE OF EVENTS. * 100 A. D. - The Osraighe, a group of Munster people known as the Erainn, establish a semi-independent state within the territory of Laigin (Leinster) in the present County Kilkenny. “Kilkenny County forms much of what was known as the kingdom of Ossory. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210.“ (34) * The above quote is from Old Irish Kingdoms: A Supplement to Ireland History In Maps. 460 A. D. - The neighbouring tribe of the Deisi [Erainn], [from Tipperary and Waterford], aided by the Corca Laighde, [from Cork], conquer South Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca-Laighde chiefs rule in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs. “The Siol Ui Luachra, i.e. the descendants of Luachair, would seem to have given name to Shillelogher cantred (later a barony)” in Co. Kilkenny. (35) The above timeline of events for Co. Kilkenny, therefore, supports my contention that this family of NOLAN'S descended from the O'H-UALLACHAIN sept living at Castleinch or Inchyolaghan in County Kilkenny prior to Strongbow (RICHARD DE CLARE) and the Anglo-Norman invasion. THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN) of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, Ireland appears to have descended from this small sept of O'NUALLAIN belonging to the Corca Laidhe group that originally settled in County Cork and Kerry. These events also fit with the marriage of LANDABARIA, daughter of CATHAIR MAR, 109th Monarch of Ireland, who married CONN-CEADCATHE or Conn of the Hundred Battles, 110th Monarch of Ireland, who's brother EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of O'NOWLAN, the lord or prince of the "Foharta" in the Baronies of Forth in the counties of Wexford and Carlow. The above quote is from Ossory to the County of Kilkenny Ireland. There is mention of TADEUM OHWOLAGHAN* in a statement by Oliver Cantwell, Bishop of Ossory, in 1510. And the 1659 census for the Barony of Shillelogher, Co. Kilkenny included: HOLOGHON, 05; NOLAN, 11. It is a reasonable assumption that the 1510 TADEUM OHWOLAGHAN, the five HOLOGHON'S and eleven NOLAN'S in the 1659 census for the Barony of Shillelogher, Co. Kilkenny were not descended from the Carlow NOLAN clan. No doubt these individuals were cousins of the Co. Galway O’H-UALLACHAIN (HOLOGHON) (NOLAN) family that moved from Shilleloger Barony, as mentioned above, either in the late twelfth century, early thirteenth century or in 1394. * This information was extracted from the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 264. Surnames were not widely introduced in Ireland until the reign of Brian Boru around the year 1,000 C. E. Irish genealogical research prior to that date needs an understanding of clan affiliations. Following the research, this sept of O'NOLAN moved north from Kilkenny to Mayo and Galway never being part of the Carlow NOLAN clan. Below is a discussion of the history of the O'NOLAN clans from Co. Carlow and Offaly - Kilkenny: Connaught. O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN). * O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) CASTLES OF IRELAND. * Excluding Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle, which was not acquired until 1661 by PATRICK NOLAN, twenty years after JOHN NOLAN and family, fled Enniscrone Castle for the New World, 1641-42. It is quite probable that this PATRICK NOLAN was a descendant of THOMAS NOLAN (O'H-UALLACHAIN) since a MICHAEL NOLAN, Esq., was reportedly of Ballybanagher on 28 February 1865. “The NOLAN’S of Ballabanagher, Co. Galway were involved in quite a considerable number of land dealings during the [eighteenth] century beginning with THOMAS NOLAN. It would appear during this memorial dated 1730 that there was a dispute between THOMAS NOLAN (637) and Arthur French over £300 rents due to NOLAN for lands. NOLAN himself had mortgaged lands to a man called John Vesey, the Archdeacon of Kilfenora for £1000. The lands in question were the Castle, lands and town of Ballabanagher. (638) The following year THOMAS sold lands including Carrownecrossy and Ballabanagher to George Staunton of Dublin. He sold him twenty messauges, 20 cottages, ten lofts, 10 gardens, 150 acres of land, 50 acres meadow, 150 acres pasture, 40 acres of furze and heath, 40 acres of wood, 30 acres of moor and marsh and the castle and town of Ballabanagher and other lands in Galway. (639) Later in the century THOMAS’S sons JOHN, BRABAZON, and ANTHONY NOLAN was involved in numerous land deals. Land was sold in Galway and Mayo in 1752 for over £4000. They sold land in Mayo for £1039 in the late 1770’s and again in 1780 more land was sold in Mayo for £700.” (36) “637. He seems to have been a stepson of RICHARD BURKE of Ballabanagher. 638. In the Nine Years War the NOLAN’S defended the castle against the BURKES and the Flaherty's to the number of 500 or 600 who tried to rescue a son of EDMOND BURKE who was being held hostage there. As a result the boy was to be hanged but was spared by the entreaties of his grandfather, WILLIAM BURKE, of Shrule. One of the Galway NOLAN’S-THADY-was in the pay of the government and was a ‘pursuivant’ or state messenger who in 1596 was ordered to bring certain persons to Dublin. Bingham, the Governor of Munster, ordered the Mayor and Sheriff of Galway to assist THADY in his duties. The NOLAN’S survived the Nine Years War, the Rebellion of 1641, Cromwell and the Williamites, which in itself was testimony of their sagacity and tenacity… 639. Memorial no. 47021.” (37) The above two quotes are from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 291. On the other hand, the Shangarry, Carlow Co. PATRICK NOLAN who was dispossessed and forced to take lands in Connaught in the seventeenth century can be ruled out as the possible owner of Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle, 1661. In 1574, Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle was the property of Thomas Ballagh as listed in the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. II, Nolan, J. P.: Galway Castles and Owners in 1574, 117. The Strafford Inquisition of Co. Mayo (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15) offers further evidence of NOLAN (O'H-UALLACHAIN) castle ownership or partial ownership in the following castles: Twoskert, Newcastle, Castlanekelly, Cloonelaghin, and Clonkerry. THE STRAFFORD INQUISITION OF CO. MAYO (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15). HALF BARONY OF ERRIS. P. 44. "EDMOND BARRETT was seized and possessed of the castle, bawn, barbican, and cartrons of Twoskert; and that for £49 st. he conveyed the same to Thibbott oge mc Gibbon and his heirs in mortgage; and that afterwards, sealed 6 November 1616, the said EDMOND did make a deed purporting a feoffment to said Tibbott oge of the premises to the use of the said Tibbott and SARAH BARRETT, his then wife, and the heirs male of their 2 bodies to be begotten; and that the said Tibbott died and the said SARAH him survived and is yet living; and that Moyler mc Tibbott mc Gibbon is eldest son and heir of the said Tibbott; and that JONACK BOURCK is the eldest son of the said Tibbott begotten on the body of the said SARAH; and that the said JONACK made a deed purporting a feoffment of the said 6 cartrons to JOHN NOLAN in consideration of £90 st. paid and to be paid for this and other lands, which deed bears date 11 December 1633, since which time the said JOHN hath possessed the said lands." (3) (38) (3). "EDMOND BARRETT is not listed, but JOHN NOLAN is in Harleian MS 2048, f. 456." (39) BARONY OF KILMANE. P. 65-67. "GREGORY NOLAN, of Ballinrobe, esq.-the qr of Canane; the qr of Rathard; the qr of Knocknekelly and Newcastle; the qr of Carrowmore; the qr of Carrownamcaher alias the Friars qr, and 3 mills; the qr of Carrowknockroe; the qr of Cregmore the last day of June 1625 until 15 May 1628, at which time he did mortgage the same unto Jasper ffrench, of Gallway, merchant, for £550 st.-. [91] Said GREGORY NOLAN-the manor and town of Ballinrobe; the qr of Cornery; the qr of Carrownaleckie, parcels of the said manor; the qr Knocklehard; the qr of Rathcarrin and a mill; the qr of Lessinusky; 1 moiety of the qr of Killkiranwoghter; the qr of Monyvanus; the qr of Carrowcorrinveagh; the 1 moiety of the castle, town, bawn, and barbican of Cryagh; the moiety of the cartron, whereon the castle standeth, called Toneattie; the qr of Carrowgortenchoyle, alias Knocknekellae; the old ruined castle called Castlanekelly; the 1 moiety of the cartron called Laghtivally; the old ruined chapel of Killcrawn, together with 1 parcel of land thereunto belonging called Killinleagh; the old ruined chapel called Murone, alias St. John's of Jerusalem with the appurtenances; the 1 moiety and 1/2 part of the other moiety of the castle, bawn, barbican and commons of Cryuagh; the qr called Cahernegrey; the 1/2 cartron called Cahernemoe; the 1/2 cartron called Toerekearna; the 1/2 cartron called Gortnegreadogie; the cartron called [91V] Derris in BallymcGibbon; and 1 cartron in the qr of Aghinish.” (40) “Said GREGORY did, in the year 1623 aforesaid, purchase of Phelim mc Ruddery 1/2 cartron in the qr of Cloonelaghin, together with 1/2 part of the castle thereof.” (41) “[92V] Aforesaid GREGORIE NOLAN did, on 10 April 1633, convey unto his brother THOMAS NOWLAN (1) and his heirs the Castle-town and lands of Clonkerry, in reversion after the death of [ ]; with 3 qrs thereunto belonging, viz. 3 cartrons in the qr of Knockglasse; 1/2 qr in the qr of Knockredmond; and the qr of Knocknagullsy; item the qr of Carrowenclogher; the 1/2 qr of Rathredmond; 1 cartron in the qr of Knockglasse; the qr of Kilterone; and 1 cartron in the qr of LismcNicholas." (42) (1) "THOMAS NOLAN is listed in Harleian MS 2048, f. 459." (43) P. 74. "... Out of the 3 qrs in Crivagh, except GREGORY NOLAN'S part thereof…” (44) P. 75. "JOHN NOLAN, esq. did, on 1 October 1626, purchase of Redmond oge mc Henry mc Redmond 1/12 part of the castle and bawn of Creevagh; the moiety of the qr of Knockancoill; and the moiety of the 1/2 qr Lecarrowmonydasse, in consideration that the said JOHN had passed an estate for life back unto the said Redmond without rent.” (45) BRITISH MUSEUM HARLEIAN MS 2048 1587, circa 1608–1634. Refoliated manuscript: Renumbered Folio 229r. Land owners in the half-barony of Erris, Co. Mayo: JOHN NOLAN - 1 qr. 2 raw. Renumbered Folio 232r. Land owners in the barony of Kilmaine, Co. Mayo: GREGORY NOLAN, Esq. - 24 qrs. THOMAS NOLAN - 6 qrs. Renumbered Folio 234r. The following in the Barony of Kilmaine have lands in other Baronies: JOHN NOLAN - 3 qrs. Renumbered Folio 379r. Killglasse. Iskeronne 4 qrs. - The inheritance of JOHN NOLAN of B. OH-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) LIST OF GENERATIONS FROM 1473: 1. MICHAEL O'NOLAN. 2. DONELL O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) 3. DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN).* 4. DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN (O'NOLAN).* 5. THOMAS O'H-UALLACHAIN (O'NOLAN).t 6. JOHN NOLAN (NOWLIN). 7. THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN). 8. WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN). 9. THOMAS NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN). 10. THOMAS NOLEN. 11. HARDIN NOLEN (NOWLIN). 12. JAMES GREEN NOLEN. 13. WILLIAM T. NOLEN. 14. WILLIAM DOYLE NOLEN. 15. JOHNIE ARZELL NOLEN. 16a. SHARON LYNN NOLEN (SORENSEN). 16b. GLENN ALLEN NOLEN. 16c. DAVID BRIAN NOLEN. * Number three and four on the descendancy list may be the same individual and there may be omissions. t Number five on the above list had seven children with wife AGNES MARTIN according to a 17 January 2009 e-mail from WAYNE NOLAN of New Zealand: GREGORY, JOHN, CEACILLA, ANNIE, JAMES, THOMAS, and JOSEPH. "The Corca Laoighdhe (Loigde, Loighdhe, Luighe) ... was an important early clan that ruled in Munster before the rise of the Eoghanact dynasty. They were of the Lugadian race from Lugaidh, son of Ith, an uncle of Milesius, and held their territory in Carbery in the west of County Cork. They are said to be the descendants of Lughaidh Laidhe (or Loigde), 22nd in descent from Ithe, uncle of Milesius. Lugaidhe MacCon, the grandson of Lughaidh Laidhe, was the 113th Monarch of Ireland from 195 A. D. to 225 A. D. The territory of the Corca Laoighdhe was approximately the diocese of Ross in southwest County Cork but they were later pushed further south [and east into present day Co. Kilkenny] with the rise of the Eoghanachta. The Corca Laoighdhe were likely from the stock of the Erainn people who arrived in Ireland about the 5th century B. C. Also known as the Menapii or Bolgi (Belgae, Firbolgs), the name of the Erainn people survived as the Old Irish Eriu, which then became Eire, the modern Irish form of the name of Ireland. The ruling sept of the Corca Laoighdhe was O'Driscoll while some other related septs were O'Coffey, O'Dinneen, O'Driscoll, O'Flynn, O'Fihelly, O'Hea, O'Hennessy, [O’HOLOHAN, (O'HUALLACHAIN)], and O'Leary. An early genealogy of the Corca Laoighdhe is cited as: Luigdech Loigde (for whom the Corca Laoighdhe is named), the son of Dairi [Doimtig] no Sirchrechtaig, the son of Sidebuilg, the son of Fir Suilne, the son of Tecmanrach, the son of Loga, the son of Eithlenn, the son of Luigdech, the son of Bregaind. Some of the early mentions of the Corca Laoighdhe in the Annals are: Flann Foirtrea, Lord of Corco Laigde, who died in 746; Maelbracha, son of Breslen, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 800; Bruadar, son of Dunlang, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 860; in 893 there is a note on the mortal wounding of the three sons of Duibhghilla, son of Bruadar (above), in the territory of the Deisi; and in 944 Finn, the son of Mutain, Lord of Corco Laighdhi was slain.” (46) The above quote is from Cullen Surname Origins Part III: O'Cullen of Munster Compiled by Jim Cullen. "An early Clan Colgcan (Ua hUallachain) genealogy (Rawlinson): Mac Tíre Úa h-Uallacháin m. Cuiléoin m. Conchobuir m. Meic Thíre m. h-Uallacháin m. Fogartaich m. Cumascaig m. Colgcan m. Mugróin m. Flaind Dá Chongal m. Díumasaich m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail [m. Éogain] m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi m. Cathaír Máir." (47) The above quote is from The Tribes of Laigen: Leinster Series - Clan Colgan. HISTORY OF CARLOW CLAN O'NOLAN AND TIPPERARY CLAN O'NOLAN. National Geographic - Genographic Project - Haplogroup R1b Population Route Map. INTRODUCTION. Based on Y-DNA analysis of the NOLAN DNA results Lineage III - Barony of Forth, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN appears to be the original lineage of descent from NUALAN or NUALLAIN of EOCHA FIONN FOHART, the brother of Conn Cead-Catha or Conn of the Hundred Battles centered in Forth Barony Co. Carlow. EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of Carlow Clan (O'NOWLAN) O'NOLAN. Unless, of course, another Carlow NOLAN lineage emerges through future Y-DNA testing and the results prove a closer genetic match to the Northwest Irish (Niall of the Nine Hostages) R1b1c7 haplotype. The calculation by Dr. Ken Nordtvedt to the Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) for R-M222 (R1b1b2a1b5) (R1b1c7) (R1b1b2e) of 1740 years falls within a window of 112 years when considering the recorded death date of the year 157 for Conn Céad Cathach (Conn Cead-Catha) or Conn of the Hundred Battles, brother to EOCHA FIONN FOHART the ancestor of Carlow Clan (O'NOWLAN) O'NOLAN. The father of Conn of the Hundred Battles, Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar (Feidhlimedh Rechtmhar) (the Lawgiver) ruled Ireland in the years 111-119. Considering the accession date given by P. W. Joyce, in his Social History of Ancient Ireland (1913, reissued in 1968 by Benjamin Blom, Inc.), Volume I, pages 69–71, of the year 177 places the TMRCA calculation of 1740 years well within a one hundred year time span since Conn Céad Cathach (Conn Cead-Catha) ruled Ireland for thirty-four years leaving a fifty-eight year interval, which is well within the span of a lifetime. Thus, this intervening period of 58-112 years undoubtedly represents descendants of Eocha Fionn Fohart demonstrating the relatedness to Barony of Forth and Shangarry, Carlow Clan O’Nolan. Or, of further note, the calculation by Dr. Ken Nordtvedt of 1740 years for a TMRCA for R-M222 matches the reign of Carby Lifeachain (“the Liffey”) Cairbre Liffeachair from 268-284, great-great grandfather to Niall of the Nine Hostages. NOLAN Lineage III matches the Northwest Irish (Niall of the Nine Hostages) 25-marker haplotype exactly to the 22nd marker mismatching at DYS #464b and 464c making the mismatch two points among the 25-markers compared. A key difference in Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN and Lineage III O'NOLAN - Barony of Forth lies at DYS #447, and all Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN has DYS #447 = 26 while Lineage III O'NOLAN - Barony of Forth has DYS #447 = 25. The Northwest Irish (Niall of the Nine Hostages) DYS #447 at 25 suggests that the Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN DYS #447 at 26 value is a mutation from the DYS #447 at 25. Based on the 20-marker comparison between R1b1c7, Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN, and Lineage III O'NOLAN - Barony of Forth the DYS #447 = 25 result for Lineage III Carlow Clan O‘NOLAN - Barony of Forth stands out as the key difference in Carlow Clan O‘NOLAN. Unique Carlow Clan O'Nolan 20-marker R1b1c7 (Northwest Irish) Haplotype: 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'Nolan 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 Barony of Forth, Carlow Clan O'Nolan A key difference in Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN and Barony of Forth O'NOLAN lies at DYS #447, all Shangarry, Carlow Clan O'NOLAN has DYS #447 = 26 while Barony of Forth Carlow Clan O'NOLAN has DYS #447 = 25. Northwest Irish (Niall of the Nine Hostages) 25-marker Haplotype: 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 15 16 16 17 R1b1c7 Lineage I - Shangarry Carlow Clan O'NOLAN mismatches the Northwest Irish 25-marker haplotype at DYS 447 and rapidly mutating 449 and 464c. 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 16 17 17 Lineage I Lineage III - Barony of Forth Carlow Clan O'NOLAN mismatches the Northwest Irish 25-marker haplotype at DYS 464b and 464c, which are prone to rapid mutation. This 25-marker haplotype may represent the original NUALAN or NUALLAIN lineage of EOCHA FIONN FOHART, the brother of Conn Cead-Catha or Conn of the Hundred Battles. EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of Carlow Clan (O'NOWLAN) O'NOLAN. 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 15 17 17 17 Lineage III Twenty-first century DNA analysis is separating Carlow Clan O’NOLAN, R1b1c7, into distinct lineages: Barony of Forth, Shangarry, Ballon-Rathoe, Ballykealey, and Kilbride. Barony of Forth is the original patrimony of Carlow Clan O'NOLAN. Shangarry is in the southern part of Co. Carlow and has been DNA defined. Ballon-Rathoe from the middle part of Co. Carlow, Ballykealey, and Kilbride have as yet not attained the status of a distinct lineage due to a limited number of NOLAN surnamed DNA participants. Certainly, in the future, with participation of more, NOLAN surnamed DNA participants, Ballon-Rathoe, Ballykealey, and Kilbride will attain separate and distinct Carlow NOLAN lineage status. R1b1b2a1b5 (R1b1c7) (R1b1b2e) or the Northwest Irish Haplogroup represents twenty percent of R1b in Ireland and has been calculated at 1740 years by Ken Nordtvedt, which corresponds roughly to the reign of Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages) beginning in the year 379. Others, however, have estimated the age of R-M222 as “about 46% of the age of R1b and is most likely at least 3400 years old." These separate and distinct Carlow NOLAN lineages will fail to meet a standard of recent relatedness within a time span for the modern use of surnames. Emerging DNA evidence suggests that relatedness for these Carlow NOLAN lineages goes beyond the time span for surname use to perhaps the 2nd century C. E. (Common Era). Carlow Clan O'NOLAN matches exactly the Northwest Irish, R1b1c7, Niall of the Nine Hostages 12-marker haplotype (13, 25, 14, 11, 11, 13, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, and 29) as shown on Unique NOLAN Y-DNA Haplotypes. Carlow Clan O'NOLAN Unique R1b1c7 12-marker Haplotype: 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 R1b1c7 Circa 115 C. E., Cu Corb, King of Leinster, granted seven Fotharts in Leinster to EOCHAIDH FINN FUATHAIRT, the Carlow NOLAN progenitor. Five were eventually absorbed back into the adjacent territories, but two withstood the test of time and survived as Fotharta Ui NUALLAIN (barony of Forth in Co. Carlow) and Fotharta an Chairn (barony of Forth in Co. Wexford). Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages) ruled in fourth century Ireland dying circa 405 of the Common Era, therefore, a prior common ancestor fostered the resultant genetic string or haplotype of the Ui Neill and that of Carlow Clan O’NOLAN. NOLAN Y-DNA test results indicating a match with Niall of the Nine Hostages and the Ui Neill are indicative of these septs having an ancient (MRCA) most recent common ancestor: Cobhtach, Caol mBreagh, 69th Milesian Monarch of Ireland, eldest son of Ugaine Mor, 66th Milesian Monarch of Ireland. O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 24. HISTORY OF CARLOW CLAN O'NOLAN. O'NOLAN: THE HISTORY OF A PEOPLE. O'NOLAN COAT OF ARMS AND MOTTO. "The NOLAND heraldic coat of arms is an ancient family crest that was bestowed on members of the NOLAND clan centuries ago for military services and steadfast loyalty, which had been rendered by the NOLAND'S to kings and chiefs of ancient Ireland. One of the first recordings of the NOLAND family crest was for the Chiefs of Fotharta-Tea. This area is now the Barony of Forth (Carlow). The crest or coat of arms plaque is dissected by a red cross that symbolized the powerful under girding of faith and strength, which the NOLAND'S held in their belief and trust in God. Each quarter of the cross contains an unsheathed sword upraised and ready to do battle to protect the things they held dear. The red color on the swords denotes the blood lost in battles fought in defense of their honor and beliefs. Each leg of the red cross shows a legendary bird called a Mariet, which is always drawn without feet. The Mariet symbolized great courage and is usually the distinctive mark of a fourth son. At the center of the cross is a lion, further symbolizing courage. The motto written in Latin below the crest, reads "Cor Unum Via Una" which translates to "One Heart, One Way". (1) FAMILY HISTORY. "The earliest record of the NOLAND'S has been found in Ireland. Traditionally, the O'NIALLON clan was found in several of the counties in the eastern area of Ireland, including County Carlow. The ancient Gaelic spelling for the NOLAND clan name was O'NIALLON (NIALL means "Great Chieftain)". "The first written mention of our name spelled O'NOLAN was when King Henry II confirmed to JOHN O'NOLAN his rights and possessions of land in Carlow around the year 1160 A. D. One of the reasons for the change in the NOLAND name is that the English language was slowly being introduced into Ireland and the revised pronunciation and spelling lost it's Gaelic flavor . . ., which meant that O'NIALLON became O'NOLAN. Upon immigration into America, the "O" was dropped and even later, the English "d" was added to some of the families. There are various spellings of the NOLAND name including NOLAN, NOLEN, NOLIN, NOWLIN and NOWLAND." (2) The above quotes furnished by Sharon NOLAND of NOLAND'S of America. * Discrepancies exist as to the origin of the name NOLAN from NIALL, originally meaning noble or famous in Gaelic, (O’NEIL’S) or NUALL to NUALLAIN. The issue is the spelling of the name of the 100th generation individual. Irish Pedigrees by John O’Hart and Keating and McKeoghan’s History of County Carlow use NUALL whereas Father JOHN NOLAN'S account lists both O'NIALLAIN and NUALLAIN, ain (son of) being the Irish equivalent of either the Anglican an or ian. It is more probable that our lineage is associated with nobility than a shout or cry. The fact, however, remains unsettled. * Information provided from an e-mail of Jerry NOWLIN. "The NOLAN name has always been associated with the barony of Forth on Co. Carlow. In pre-Norman days their chiefs, who held high heredity office under the Kings of Leinster, were known as Princes of Fothairt (modern Forth).... The NOLAN Clan is one of the oldest families in Ireland, so old in fact that our origins are lost in the mists of time. But the old Druid genealogists preserved our lineages back to Eochaidh Fionn of Fothairt, son of Feidhlimidh Reachmhar, King of Ireland in 164–174 AD, and even further back to Cobhthach Caol mBreach, a King of Ireland who ruled from 591 to 541 BC. The ancient Irish annalists referred to our family as O’NUALLAIN Fotharta Laighean, or the “ancient ones of Leinster”. It is believed that the O’NOLAN'S were settled in Leinster long before the Milesian Celts ever arrived and are probably descended from the mythical Da Danaans. Keating, the historian, in tracing the royal genealogies of Ireland, comes to Conn Ceadh Chathach, “the hero of the hundred battles”, whom he states to have had two brothers. From Eochaidh Fionn, one of them, descended O’NUALLAIN. Conn’s posterity was kings of Ireland, and governed in Tara; Eochaidh Fionn’s went into Leinster, at a time when Chucorb, son of Modhacorb, was king of that province. The forces of Munster had conquered a large portion of Leinster. Chucorb entreated assistance from Eochaidh Fionn and a friend of his called Laoighseach Cean More, with their followers, to drive them back into their own territories. The battle was fought at a place called Arthrodain, known now by the name of Athy. The Lagenians, or the men of Leinster, had a narrow victory there and pursued the chase through Laois to a place called Ballaghmore near Borris-in–Ossory where they finally expelled the Munstermen from Leinster. Chucorb, being reinstated in his dominions, by the assistance of Eochaidh Fionn, out of gratitude, thought himself obliged to make a recompense for his services, and therefore he generously bestowed upon him The Seven Fothartuaths, and confirmed this donation by perpetuating the rights to his posterity forever. Hanmer informs us, that, “Hugh De Lacy built a castle, in Fotheret O’NOLAN, for Raymond and another for Griffin, his brother, the sons of William Fitz-gerald.” Here then, is a clear and distinct proof that, at the earliest period of English acquaintance with the locality, it was found to be possessed by the O’NOLAN'S, and this in an uninterrupted succession (1,000 years approx.) from Eochaidh Fionn Fotheret, for none but a genuine O’NOLAN, or descendant of Fionn, could have held property in the district prior to the invasion. Thus commenced the first spoliation’s of Fotheret O’NOLAN in Co. Carlow, the O’NOLAN'S had already been driven in from the other side, viz., the "Barony of Forth" in the county of Wexford, which doubtless, formed originally part of the “Seven Fothartuaths”. The history of the locality for the next couple of centuries is scarcely anything but details of conflicts and collisions between the O’NOLAN'S defending themselves from the encroachments of the Anglo – Norman adventurers. Camden’s 3rd vol. of the “Britannia” gives the following: “Philip Staunton was slain, and Henry Traherne was treacherously taken in his house at Kilbeg, by RICHARD, son of PHILIP O’NOLAN. James Lord Butler, Earl of Ormond, burnt Foghird for three days in revenge to O’NOLAN, for his brothers sake.” This happened in 1329. In 1394 Richard II King of England came over and got all the Irish of Leinster to submit to him. Cox tells us “Gerald O’Byrne, DONALD O’NOLAN*, Malachias O’Morrough, Rore OG O’Moore, Arthur O’Connor, and others, made their humble submissions through an interpreter, in an open field at Balingory, near Carlow, on the 16th of February.” He says: “They laid aside their girdles, skeins, and caps, and falling on bended knee, did homage; which being performed, the Marshal gave each of them the Osculum Pacis.” They were bound in large penalties: O’Byrne for instance, in 20,000 marks, and O’NOLAN in £10,000 sterling. When he went back to England, things returned to normal." (3) The above quote is from Tom NOLAN of the O'NOLAN Clan Association. "1394 - On the 16th of February, Thomas, Earl of Nottingham, Marshal of England, accompanied by his retinue, proceeded to a place called Ballygory (?Kilgorey) near Carlow, on the side of the mountain of Slieve Margy, and caused Edmund Wall (or de Valle)[15] to translate into the Irish tongue certain Letters Patent of King Richard II, to an assemblage of the native chiefs, empowering the said Earl to receive the Irish chiefs to the king’s fealty and obedience; then Art MacMurrough, Garrett O’Byrne, DONNELL O’NOLAN*, Murrough O’Connor Faly, Tiege O’More, Rory oge and Shane, sons of Maurice Boy O’More of Slieve Margy, chiefs of their septs, removing their girdles, swords, and caps, on bended knees, with uplifted hands, took an oath, in their native tongue, of allegiance to the king, or in default to pay 20,000 marks to the Papal chamber. The submission of Gillapatrick “reogh” O’More is also recorded in this year. [Brewer’s “Cal. of Miscellaneous Carew MSS.,” pp. 378-381.]" (4) The above quote is from Clan O'More. O'NOLAN: The History of a People by Fr. John NOLAN & Art Kavanagh state that the above event occurred in 1395. “The McMurrough, O’NOLAN, O’Connor Faly and their allies had decided that it would be imprudent to risk a pitch battle with such a formidable force and that their best policy was to adopt guerrilla warfare, in the tactics of which the Irish in those days had no equals. The result was the total defeat of Richard’s mighty force and his return to England without accomplishing anything worthy of note.” (5) The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 132. * It is not known whether the above DONNELL (DONALD) O’NOLAN who submitted to Richard II in 1394-95 was the same DOMNALL O NUALLAIN killed by the Galls in 1398 as reported in the Annals of Connacht or even if this individual was of the Carlow Clan O’NOLAN or Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O‘NOLAN: Connaught. DONAL was reportedly the son of JOHN O’NOLAN, the “dynast of Forth O’NOLAN in 1394” as stated in O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 133, but the authors were unaware of the existence of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught. (6) Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught may still have resided in Co. Kilkenny at that time moving to Connacht and Galway after submitting to Richard II. That scenario agrees with the assertion of MICHAEL O'NOLAN that his ancient family of Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny was in Galway, 1394. “Besides the baronies of Forth, one in Carlow the other in Wexford, there were two other territories of the name in Leinster, as Fothart Airbreach, around the hill of Cruachan Bri Eile (Croghan), in the north-east of the King’s County [Offaly]; and Fothart Oirthir Life, in the now county of Wicklow.” (7) Other tribes dominated the latter two in the early period of Irish history. One of these other tribes was undoubtedly Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught. The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 45. “Numerous authorities are of the opinion that the progenitor of the NOLAN [NOWLAND, NOWLAN, NOLAND, NOWLING, NOLIN, NOLEN] family was one EOCHAIDH FIONN FOHART, whose elder brother CONN CEADCATHACH (Conn of the Hundred Battles) was King of Ireland in the early part of the second century of the Christian era". (8) This excerpt is from The NOLEN Story, by Jewel NOLEN. IRISH PEDIGREES. THE O' NOWLAN FAMILY - IRELAND. Conn Cead-Catha or Conn of the Hundred Battles had two brothers, named Eochy Fionn Fohart and Fiacha Suidhe. This Eocha Fionn Fohart was ancestor of O'NOWLAN, the lord or prince of the "Foharta"—the name by which the descendants of this Eocha were called; and the two principal districts inhabited by them still retain the name, viz.: the baronies of Forth in the counties of Wexford and Carlow. From "Foharta" is derived the surname Faharty. 79. FELMIM RACHTMAR, the 108th monarch, and father of Conn of the Hundred Battles. 80. EOCHA FIONN FOHART: his son. 81. AENEAS: his son. 82. CORMAC: his son. 83. CARBRY: his son. 84. AIRT-CORB: his son. 85. MUGHNA: his son. 86. CUIBHE: his son. 87. IAR: his son. 88. FEACH or FIACHA: his son. 89. NINNEADH: his son. 90. BAITHIN: his son. 91. EOCHA (2): his son. 92. RONAN: his son. 93. FINAN: his son. 94. MAONACH: his son; a quo MOONEY of Foharta. 95. FERGUS: his son. 96. CONGAL: his son. 97. DUNGUS: his son. 98. DUNAN: his son. 99. FAELAN: his son. 100. NUALAN: his son; a quo NOWLAN and NOLAN. 101. MOROCH: his son. 102. DUNGUS (2): his son. 103. CUINEE: his son. 104. ELY: his son. 105. DUNLONG: his son. 106. EOCHA (3) FIONN: his son. 107. EOCHA (4) OGE: his son. 108. EOCHA (5): his son. 109. MELAGHLIN: his son. 110. UGHARE: his son. 111. AWLY: his son. 112. DONOUH: his son. 113. TEIGE: his son. 114. JOHN or SHANE: his son. 115. DONAL or DANIEL: his son. 116. JOHN O'NOWLAN: his son. According to Jewel NOLEN: The NOLEN Story, "TEIGE was the father of JOHN, who was the father of DONAL or DANIEL, who had a son named JOHN O’ NOWLAN or O’ NOLAN, was the ancestor of the NOLAN family of the County of Wexford, Ireland, as well as others." (9) NOLAN CLAN IN CANADA. "Given that Gaelic was common to many of the early founding peoples of the British Isles, it is quite conceivable that the family name O'NUALLAIN or something very close to it may have been introduced elsewhere in the British Isles around the year 1000. This may be the explanation for the KNOWLAN/KNOLLIN families which trace their ancestors back to Exeter and Devon in southwest England. This line of thinking is particularly credible when one considers that southeast Ireland and southwest England share a common ancestry going back some 2000 years, when the Laigain tribes from Armorica in northwestern France (known as the "Veneti") fled there to escape Roman domination. Leinster, the southeastern province of Ireland within which both counties Carlow and Wexford are found, takes its name from the Laigain tribes." (10) The above quote is from the NOLAN Clan In Canada - Family Name. LEINSTER. COUNTY CARLOW: CENSUS OF IRELAND, 1659 & RENT ROLL OF THE MANOR OF CATHARLOGH, 1681. The following link provides evidence that numerous families of O'NOLAN'S were in the County Carlow: Census of Ireland, 1659. In the township of Aghelare, EDMOND NOLAND, gent, was listed as the recorder of record for 22 Irish Head of Households. In the township of Ballinoge, JOHN NOLAN, gent, was listed as the recorder of record for 12 Irish Head of Households. And the Rent Roll of the Manor of Catharlogh, taken 1681, Carlow Co. Ireland lists a JAMES NOWLAND in the alphabet of the tenant's names for the Manor of Catharlogh. The abstract is of such rents and revenues as do belong to the Right Hon. Hery, Earl of Thomond. LONGFORD COUNTY: CENSUS OF IRELAND, 1659. Principal Families. KNOWLAN (5). PROGENITOR LINE OF JOHN NOWLAN (NOWLIN), WILLIAM NOWLAN (NOWLIN), & JAMES NOWLAN (NOWLIN) OF COUNTY CARLOW, IRELAND & THE NEW WORLD. THE O'NOLAN'S OF SHANGARRY. (Knockendrane & Ballinrush) "The Shangarry O'NOLAN'S descended from HUGH. HUGH may in fact be the HUGH ROO who was pardoned for aiding and abetting a robbery (see Fiant details - [1552 - Accessory to Robbery of hides, goats]). HUGH had a brother MORGAN of Rosslee (pardoned in 1549) and DONALD McDONHE pardoned at the same time may have been their father. The 'MORGAN NOLANS' of Ballaghmore and Rosslee are descended from MORGAN. [HUGH and his son DONAL appear to have both died in 1647.] HUGH had four sons CAHIR, DONAL, WILLIAM and HUGH. DONAL appears to have been married twice. By his first wife he had a son EDMUND who was the father of Captain JAMES NOLAN, who fought against the Cromwellians in Colonel Daniel Kavanagh's Clonmullen regiment. By his second wife, Anastace Byrne he had another son PATRICK* who seems to have inherited the Shangarry lands. PATRICK was dispossessed and forced to take lands in Connaught. The LAWRENCE NOLAN, gentleman, who was the owner of the Shangarry lands in the early part of the next century, must have been a son or grandson of PATRICK. PATRICK was born around the year 1600 and his grandson, LAWRENCE, seems to have been still in possession of substantial lands in the latter decades of the 1600s (he was born c. 1670).” (11) The above information is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 233-234. * The Shangarry, Carlow Co. PATRICK NOLAN who was dispossessed and forced to take lands in Connaught in the seventeenth century can be ruled out as the owner of Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle, 1661. It is extremely doubtful that any one other than a descendant of THOMAS NOLAN (O'H-UALLACHAIN) was the owner of Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle, 1661 since a MICHAEL NOLAN, Esq., was reportedly of Ballybanagher on 28 February 1865. In 1574, Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle was the property of Thomas Ballagh as listed in the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. II, Nolan, J. P.: Galway Castles and Owners in 1574, 117. “Three NOWLAN’S are mentioned as owners or occupiers of land in the closing decade of the [seventeenth] century. They were JOHN NOLAN [the father of JAMES, JOHN, & WILLIAM who came to the New World around 1700] who claimed he had a lease of three lives on part of the lands of Shangarry and Ballinrush. By a lease dated 1669 Richard the Earl of Arran leased the lands to Thomas Bagenal to hold in trust for the claimant - JOHN NOWLAN. I think this JOHN NOWLAN was the son of PATRICK O’NOLAN who had been dispossessed by the Ormondes earlier in the century [and thus moved to Connaught].” (12) PATRICK NOLAN must have then been the grandfather of the three NOWLAN (NOWLIN) brothers who came to the New World around 1700. The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 284. “Captain JAMES NOLAN held command of a detachment of the Catholic forces stationed at Clonmullen Castle, then still in the possession of Sir Morgan Kavanagh, the son of Donal Spainneach. In the course of an excursion from the garrison (during the 1641 wars) his company was said to have killed PATRICK O’NOLAN and to have hanged James Curwen, servant to Thomas Bagenal. Captain NOLAN went to Spain in 1652 where he served in the army of the King for about ten years. Upon his return he found that his little patrimony had been appropriated by the Duke of Ormonde. He brought suit before the Privy Council for its restitution but the Ormonde influence was much to strong in that court for any ‘mere’ Irishman to have a chance of success. Charges of murder, based on the excursions of his command from Clonmullen and illegitimacy were made against him and needless to add the Council did not require much evidence to decide against his claim. Though accused of having killed PATRICK O’NOLAN in the earlier stages of the case. In the later stages it was alleged that PATRICK O’NOLAN was living and would be called as a witness to prove the invalidity of James’s claim… In addition to those killings Captain James was alleged to have killed a THADY NOLAN in 1669 after his return and had fled to England to escape prosecution.” (13) The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 219. After his Cromwellian adventures, Captain JAMES NOLAN “became embroiled in serious litigation with the Duke of Ormonde in trying to establish his rights to lands in Shangarry." (14) In dispute were the lands of PATRICK NOWLAN in Shangarry and Ballinrush. After all attempts at litigation failed to regain lands lost in the rebelllion some of his relatives came to the New World. The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 268. References for NOLAN at the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford: The Electronic Calendar of the Carte Papers, 1660-87. NOLAN Names in Patent Roll of Co. Carlow, 1603. NOLAN, NOWLAN, NOWLAND Owners of Land Co. Carlow, 1641. DONOUGH/HUGH NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: 1500-1530 in Ireland. 1586 - DONOUGH O'NOLAN held hostage in Dublin Castle. Child of DONOUGH/HUGH NOWLIN (NOWLAN): JOHN NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: 1550-1570 in Shangarry, Carlow County Ireland; Married: About 1565-95. The file Other Descendants of JOHN NOWLAN was saved from the web site of Bob Brown Jr.: My NOWLIN Genealogy. It includes a detailed list of other descendants of JOHN NOWLAN. SHANGARRY, MOWNEY PARISH: 1654. There is a Shangarry of 678 acres listed in Carlow County, Forth Barony, and Myshall Province. Ballingarry (below map) is in Tipperary County: Tipperary, Kilkenny, and Carlow. "The Survey of the Barony of Slieveardagh and Comsy 1654 describes the boundary of the parish and the acreage of each town land, Shangarry (360 acres), Garrynoe (500 acres), “Dundrenan” (200 acres), “Knockankit” (200 acres), and “Kilmoculloge” (200 acres), (the latter three are now part of the town land of Shangarry)." (15) The above quote is from The Parish of Mowney. Town Survey: 1654, Superimposed on 1840 Map. TRANSPLANTED IRISH FROM CARLOW CO. 1653-54. JAMES NOWLANE, Ballindrowe PATRICK NOWLANE, Kilballyhugh DANIEL NOLANE, Kellstown GERALD NOLANE, Rathroge PATRICK NOWLANE of Kilballyhugh and DANIEL NOLANE of Kellstown fit into the estimated birth and death dates of the descendants of JOHN NOWLIN (NOWLAN) and must definitely be ancestors of JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) who died Goochland Co. VA, St. James Parish, March, 1750-51. The above information can be found at Transplanted Irish from Carlow Co. 1653-54. Children of JOHN NOWLIN (NOWLAN) are: DANIEL NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: 1574, Ireland; Died: Est. 1596-1688. He married ANASTASE O'BRIEN. Born: 1578, Died: Est. 1596-1694. CAHIR NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: About 1598, Barony of Forth, Ireland. Children of DANIEL NOWLIN (NOWLAN) and ANASTASE O'BRIEN are: PATRICK NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: 1600, Barony of Forth, Ireland; Died: 1670, Ireland. EDMUND NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: About 1625. There was an EDMOND NOLAND in the township of AGHELARE, BARONY OF FORTH, CARLOW CO., IRELAND, 1659. Children of PATRICK NOWLIN (NOWLAN) are: JOHN NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born: Est. 1640, Ulster, Ireland; Died: 1660-1720. There was a JOHN NOLAN in the township of BALLINOGE, BARONY OF FORTH, CARLOW CO., IRELAND, 1659. MARGARET NOWLIN (NOWLAN), Born About 1652 in Ireland. Children of JOHN NOWLIN (NOWLAN) are: JOHN NOWLIN, Born: About 1682 in Carlow County Ireland; He reportedly went to the Northern states or to Pennsylvania. WILLIAM NOWLIN, Born: About 1684 in Carlow County Ireland. He reportedly went to the New England states. JAMES NOWLIN Born: Jan 1685, County Carlow, Ireland, Died: March, 1750/51, St. James Parish, Goochland County, Virginia. A JOHN NOWLIN (NOWLAN) of Carlow County, Ireland born around 1640 or before is reportedly the father of JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) and 3-5 brothers who arrived in the New World around 1700. JOHN, WILLIAM, & JAMES of County Carlow, Ireland, reportedly sailed to Jamestown, Virginia around 1700. WILLIAM is reported to have gone to the New England states. JOHN reportedly ended up in Pennsylvania. A THOMAS NOLIN was born in Boston, Massachusetts about the year 1735. And a HANNAH NOLLIN married Wright Brown between the years 1768-1774 perhaps in Swanzey, Cheshire Co. New Hampshire. Around the year 1783, they moved to Stillwater, then Albany Co. (Saratoga Co.) New York. In 1784, their son Isaac was born in Stillwater. A VOLUME OF RECORDS RELATING TO THE EARLY HISTORY OF BOSTON. Municipal Print Office, 1900-1909. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. P. 231. Vessels Entered, May 1716. JAMES NOLAN ye Sloop Providence from North Carolina. BOSTON - LIST OF CATTLE OWNERSHIP. P. 320. 13 April 1774. THOMAS NOLEN. BOSTON MARRIAGES. 1 March 1754 - MICHAEL NOWLAND (KNOWLAND) & Pricilla (Presilla) Shepard (Shepherd). 21 October 1754 - SARAH NOLEN (NOLAN) & Cumbeg (Cumby) Hood. 4 June 1757 - WILLIAM NOWLAN & Sarah Sparks. 10 December 1761 - THOMAS NOLEN & Elizabeth Blaney of Roxbury. 3 April 1785 - HANNAH NOWLAN (NOWLEN) & George Jacob Miller by Rev. Simeon Howard. 4 October 1793 - CHARLES NOLEN of Boston & Miss Elizabeth (Betsy) Gridley of Roxbury by Rev. Eliphalet Porter. 21 December 1794 - Miss POLLEY NOLEN of Roxbury & Benjamin Bolter by Rev. Eliphalet Porter. 27 June 1802 - MARTIN NOLEN & Mary Bouvee (Buvey) by Rev. Thomas Baldwin. 12 January 1804 - HENRY NOLEN & Mary Haven of Shrewsbury. 5 October 1806 - FRANCIS NOLEN (NOWLEN) & Ruth Stretch by Rev. Francis A. Matignon. 17 December 1806 - JAMES NOLEN & Sally Letherbe. 7 February 1808 - SPENCER NOLEN (NOLAND) & Nancy Willard by Rev. Joseph Eckley, D. D. SHIPPEN FAMILY. MARY GRAY (NOWLAND) (SHIPPEN) was born on 13 January 1705-06 in London, England. She married first husband JOHN NOWLAND marrying second husband Edward Shippen in Pennsylvania August 1747. She died on 3 May 1778 at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, at the age of 72. PENNSYLVANIA APPLICATIONS FOR LAND WARRANTS, 1746-1767. YORK CO., 1767. MOOR__, William for to get a location for 100 acres of land adjoining WILLIAM NOWLAND and Jonathan HUGH in Manallen Township. JOHN NOWLANE of Bethlehem Township, Northampton Co. Pennsylvania died about the year 1777 according to Will Abstracts of Northampton Co., 1752-1802. He had married GERTRUDE. JOHN NOWLANE and GERTRUDE had the following children: CATHERINE NOLAN died 8 May 1849; married Jacob Weygandt 4 December 1788. CHRISTINA NOLAN, born 14 February 1746/47 in Bethlehem Township, Bucks Co. Pennsylvania dying 28 April 1823 in Deerfield, Portage Co. Ohio. She married George Henry Hertzel 28 February 1764 in Northampton, Pennsylvania; born 1 May 1739 in Allen Township, Bucks Co. Pennsylvania dying May 20, 1813 in Deerfield, Portage Co. Ohio. They are buried in Hartzell Cemetery, Deerfield, Portage Co. Ohio. ELIZABETH NOLAN married Henry William Laval. ANN MARTHA NOLAN married Frederick Beyer. NICHOLAUS MICHAEL, Stepchild. JOHANN GEORG NOLAN was born 18 June 1741 and baptized on 27 June 1742 at Old Williams Church. “The O' Nuallains were princes of the Foharta, now the Barony of Forth in the County Carlow, Ireland. In pre-Norman days their chiefs held high office under the Kings of Leinster. In Irish, the name O' Nuallain means descendant of Nuallan, the word Nuallan means a shout or cry. The name was anglicized O' NOWLAN, NOWLIN, and NOLAN. To this day, NOLAN is among the forty most numerous names in Ireland." (16) This quote is from the History of Carlow County Ireland, by John Ryan. HISTORY OF TIPPERARY CLAN O'NOLAN. HOULAHAN originally appeared in Gaelic as O‘HUALLACHAIN. Other spelling variations include HOLOHAN, HOOLOHAN, HOULIHAN, and WHOOLAHAN. In his book, Irish Families, Edward MacLysaght mentions that the O’Hennessy’s of Offaly moved into Co. Tipperary. It is a reasonable assumption, therefore, that their kinsman O’HUALLACHAIN also moved into Tipperary. Undoubtedly, MacLysaght would take exception to the use of the term “clan” to describe this “sept” or group of O’NOLAN’S. He notes that Ireland did not have a true clan system like that which developed in Scotland; however, modern DNA evidence is separating the various septs or groups of O'NOLAN’S living in the same vicinity into distinguishable family groups, lineages or clans: Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O‘NOLAN: Connaught and Tipperary Clan O‘NOLAN. The above assumption can also be substantiated with the following: The Deise “were also given the country comprised in the present baronies of Clonmel, Upper-Third, and Middle-Third, in the Co. Tipperary, which they held till the Anglo-Norman Invasion.” (17) The Corca Dhuibhne and Corca Laoighdhe were brethren tribes of the Érainn (Belgae from Belgium). The Corca Dhuibhne, according to the below paragraph from The History of Ireland, ruled over the descendants of FIACHAIDH SUIGHDHE, brother to CONN CEADCHATHACH of the Hundred Battles and EOCHAIDH FIONN, when they were in Munster. AONGHUS son of EOCHAIDH FIONN (Carlow NOLAN ancestor) son of FEIDHLIMIDH REACHTMHAR was reportedly the leader of the Offaly - Kilkenny NOLAN: Connaught and Tipperary NOLAN ancestors at that time. "These three sons of Fiachaidh Suighdhe divided that territory between them into three parts; and they are called the descendants of Oilill Earann, and the Earna. However, they are not the Earna, but the descendants of Conaire son of Mogh Lamha it is these that were styled the Earna. It is Corc Duibhne son of Cairbre Musc who was chief over the descendants of Fiachaidh Suighdhe who came to Munster; and it was these descendants that were called the Deise; and Aonghus son of Eochaidh Fionn son of Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar was their leader when coming to Munster, and with him were the three sons of Fiachaidh Suighdhe, namely, Rossa, Eoghan, and Aonghus.” (18) HISTORY SERIES #1: THE HISTORY OF OSRAIGHE: ROOTS OF COUNTY KILKENNY. "In the fifth century the neighbouring tribe of the Deisi (from modern Co. Waterford/Tipperary), aided by the Corca Laighde (from modern Co. Cork), conquered south Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca Laighde chiefs ruled in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs." (19) THE OSRAIGHE REGION. "In ancient times the Kingdom of Ossory was divided under Brehon Laws into Magha, a term signifying "plains", of which seven are recorded in early documents, though not all of these are coterminous with the present county boundaries. The names of these, now doubtful of interpretation and no longer in popular usage, included Magh Airgead Rois, northwards from Kilkenny city; Magh Airbh, continuing further north-westwards to the Laois border; Magh Chearbaill, on a broad front from the Nore to the Barrow rivers, now comprising much of the barony of Gowran; Magh Ghabhar Laighean, northwards from the Johnswell Hills into modern Co. Laois (Leix); Magh Lacha (west of Kilkenny city to Callan?); Magh Feimhin, west of Callan to Slievenaman (in modern Co. Tipperary); and Magh Roighne, comprising most of Shillelogher Barony." (20) The PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND) (O’HEWELANE) (O’WOLOGHAN) line of O'NOLAN'S has long been assumed to have descended from Carlow Clan O'NOLAN. New DNA evidence and genealogical information is altering that assumption. The families of N-8 and N-13 of the NOLAN DNA Surname Project or the family of N-31 may prove a descendancy from Co. Tipperary, Ireland and connect to the PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND) line that began traveling to the New World around the mid 17th century. These separate and distinct NOLAN lineages may or may not have developed in conjunction with Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN with a split disseminating into Co. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN somewhere between the 5th and 12th century in (Osraighe) Ossory connecting to the ancestors of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN, the Corca Laighde. N-31 is of the NOLAND surname and mismatches N-8 at DYS #389-1 and 389-2 at the 12-marker level. The DYS #389-2 at 31 value for N-31 matches N-3 and N-30 of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught who are the only other two NOLAN Y-DNA results at 31 for DYS #389-2, and they are haplogroup R1b1c10. The DYS #389-2 at 31 value may represent an ancient relationship prior to the introduction of surnames between N-31, Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught, and Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN. Certainly, a genetic distance of two with N-8 and three with N-3 and N-30 at the 12-marker level indicates that this NOLAND family does not match the Irish Type III or Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught within the timeframe of surname use, but it does not rule out an ancient connection between N-31, Irish Type III, or Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught. Matches of significance at Y-Search for N-31 are the exact 12-marker O'Bryne (Bryne) Co. Kilkenny result for RE7TY and PJY4B Breen of Ireland result. The match with RE7TY of Co. Kilkenny Ireland is precisely where this NOLAND haplotype should exist. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught resided in Shillelogher (Magh Roighne) Barony, and Tipperary Clan O'NOLAN could have lived in Magh Feimhin, as described above, or perhaps they moved into Tipperary Co. (Ossory) from Kilkenny Co. (Ossory) as feudal tenants of the Butler’s in 1200 upon the building of Nenagh Castle in North Tipperary. Thus, Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN would have had a 265 year relationship with the Norman Butler (FitzWalter) family before the intermarriage of SABINA in 1465, the wife of O’NOLAN, to James Butler. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught also had a history of intermarriage with the Norman’s in the ancient walled city of Galway. Though, Donald Reagh (Riabhach) McMorrogh Kavanagh (King of Leinster) has been reported as the father of SOWE (SADHBH, SARAH, SABINE) Kavanagh with husband O’NOLAN as cited in The Irish Genealogist: Official Organ of the Irish Genealogical Research Society: The Kavanagh’s: 1400-1700*, that does not rule out a (O’HEWELANE) O’WOLOGHAN connection. It has long been assumed that all O’NOLAN’S descend from Carlow Clan O’NOLAN and that assumption is in error. Extensive research has not provided conclusive evidence as to which clan this O’NOLAN descends, however, the following evidence can be cited: 1. Sir James Butler of (Polestown) Paulstown, named for Paul Butler, in Co. Kilkenny, the ancestral home of the Corca Laidhe (Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught) married SABH O'NOLAN, the previously married daughter of Donel Reagh Mac-Morrogh Kavanagh, Lord of Ferus, Co. Wexford; 2. The Butler's had a history of obtaining license for marriage of whom ever they pleased; "James, 1st Earl of Ormonde, and 7th Butler, a minor at the decease of his father, but obtained licence four years later, for the sum of 2,000 marks, to marry whomsoever he pleased." (21) 3. James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde “had a renewed grant of the prisage of vines (which had been resumed by the crown), and a Brant of the regalities, liberties, &c., of co. Tipperary, with the right of a Palatine in that co. for life;" (22) and 4. Co. Tipperary was the home of Tipperary Clan O'Nolan which developed in conjunction with Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN with a split disseminating into Co. Tipperary Clan O'NOLAN somewhere between the 5th and 12th century in (Ossory) Osraighe, Co. Kilkenny. * Volume Info: 5(#4, November 1977): 437-447; 5(#5, November 1978): 573-580; 5(#6, November 1979): 730-734; 6(#2, November 1981): 189-203; Abbrev: Nicholls, The Kavanagh’s 1400-1700; Author: Nicholls, Kenneth, Page: 5(#4, November 1977): 438 did not give the full name nor the date. BUTLER FAMILY NAME. “The Butler's arrived with the Anglo-Norman invasion in the 12th century and in 1177 Theobald FitzWalter was made the Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II. Unlike many of the other Anglo-Norman names, it did not become gaelicised. The most prominent Butler family in Ireland is descended from Theobald FitzWalter and Kilkenny Castle is the most magnificent example still extant of a Butler residence. From the 14th to the 20th centuries, the castle was the main seat of the Earls and Dukes of Ormonde, who played a prominent part in Irish history. Other castles with strong Butler links include Cahir Castle: the Butler's came into possession of this castle in 1375 and it was taken from them in 1599. The Butler's also had connections with Knappogue Castle in Co Clare and with Ormonde Castle in Carrick-on-Suir, Co Tipperary.” (23) The 1881 British Census records a PIERCE NOLAND* born in the year 1825 in Co. Tipperary, Ireland living at 6 Cranford Row, Cranford Lane, Harlington, Middlesex, England with wife JULIA NOLAND and eight year old niece ALICE BRYAN. Genealogical researchers have a branch of this family living in Co. Mayo in the early seventeenth century, which suggests transplantation or dispossession from Co. Tipperary. Connaught or hell may have been the only choice for this family, but perhaps the more likely scenario is that this branch of the NOLAN Tipperary Clan moved into Co. Mayo with the expansion of the Butler family into Connaught. The Maryland estate of PIERCE (NOWLAND) NOLAND, "Fethard," locally pronounced "Feddard," was most likely named after the ancient walled city of Co. Tipperary where this family or clan of O’NOLAN’S originated. Coincidentally, there is another Fethard by the Sea in Co. Wexford. The file Descendants of PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND) was saved from NOLAND'S of America by Sharon NOLAND. It is a very large 277 page document be patient when downloading. On 17 February 2007, SUE (NOLEN) AMBURGY provided the file Descendants of JESSE NOLAND and NANCY HICKS as an addendum to Descendants of PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND) saved from NOLAND'S of America by Sharon NOLAND, which listed the descendants of JEREMIAH NOLAND and not his brother JESSE NOLAND. * Source Information: Dwelling 6 Cranford Row Cranford Lane Census Place Harlington, Middlesex, England Family History Library Film 1341323 Public Records Office Reference RG11 Piece / Folio 1328 / 79 Page Number 2. 8 August 2006. “I personally suspect that PIERCE NOLAND was named after Pierce Roe Butler…” (24) Roger Nowlan. Nolan Clan Member and Former Clan Secretary. rnowlan@primus.ca. THE NEXT EARL OF ORMOND? - NOTES ON EACH INDIVIDUAL IN THE KEY RELEVANT PEDIGREE (PART ONE OF THREE). “12. JAMES, [BUTLER] 14__-1487; m [arried] 1465, Sabina, da [ughter] of Donell Keagh Kavanagh and by her who d. 1503 or 1508 had Edmond, Theobald and Piers (No. 13), the first legitimate son. Sabina's husband, O'NOLAN, seems not to have died until shortly before her marriage to James (No. 12) in 1465 (Butler Jo., I, 38); her illegitimate sons, Edmond and Theobald Butler "lay under a cloak" at their parents' marriage in 1465 (Ormond Deeds, iii, 296-300). 13. PIERS, [BUTLER] c [irca] 1466-1539; succ [eeded] 1515, as 8th. Earl of Ormond; for his purported 1528 surrender of, and 1538 restoration to, this earldom see: Butler Jo. Vol. 1 No.4 p.246; created 23 Feb. 1528, Earl of Ossory (in the Peerage of Ireland, in tail male) at Windsor (Cal. Carew MSS., 1515-74. Pp. 37-39); m [arriage] 1495, Margaret, da [ughter] of Gerald (FitzGerald), 8th. Earl of Kildare, and by her who d. 1542 had Nos. 14 & 15.” (25) CALENDAR OF ORMOND DEEDS, 1413-1509. VOL. III. P. 338: Entry Number 339. “Indenture (in English) made at Kilkenny on the 12th day of January in the year 1508, between Sir PERS [PIERS BUTLER] BUTTELER, knight, and DOWNYLL O’WOLOGHAN, carpenter, witnesses that Sir PIERS has granted and to farm given for his heirs and assigns unto DOWNYLL during his life the three stone mills of the aforesaid town, with their meadows, “inchis,” and appurtenances, that is to say in length from William Archer’s ground unto the common “correll” (quarry) and in breadth from the King’s Way in the west to the Nore in the east; also the mill of Donmore with the great “inche” and appurtenances, which “inch” is in length from Merransground and so to the common way and Pollbolloke; also the old mill of Callan within the same town. Further Sir PIERS and his heirs shall bring and carry all millstones, iron and brass and all other necessaries at their own cost unto the aforesaid mills and so at all times and as oft as shall be required during DOWNYLL’S life. Also DOWNYLL shall “gate and make all myllstones in the montayne and tember in the wode at his cost at all tymes excepte mette and drink ouer the said Sir PERS his airs and asigns ande so durant the foresaide DOWNYLL’S life” Also the said DOWNYLL and his servants shall do all manner of works freely unto the aforesaid Sir Piers and anywhere as is desired except for meat and drink. Also the said DOWNYLL shall have the third part of all manner of corn that shall be ground within the aforesaid mills at all times during his life’ also hat it be lawful and free unto Sir PIERS to have at all times unto his horses and hackneys (hakensis) free pasture in the meadows above-written, with all blood-shedding according, and so during DOWNYLL’S life. January 12, 1509. BUTLER Seal.” DOWNYLL O’WOLOGHAN (O’NOLAN) and Piers Butler, the 8th Earl of Ormond, thus, could have been related possibly being half-brothers both having the same mother and different fathers. Fethard is in Middlethird Barony, Co. Tipperary, and there is a descendant of the Piers Butler in the above record living in Middlethird Barony in the 1659 Pender census: Piers Butler. There is also mention of TADEUM OHWOLAGHAN* in a statement by Oliver Cantwell, Bishop of Ossory, in 1510. * This information was extracted from the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 264. A principal Irish name and their number in Pender’s 1659 census for Lower Ormond Barony, Co. Tipperary was NOLLANE, 15. The 1664-67 Hearth Money Rolls were a levied tax on the basis of the number of hearths in each house and include the following: 1664-66 Iffa and Offa Baronies - Carrick: MORISH WHELAHAN. Gormanstown - Tullagh: James fitz William oge Butler, TURLOGH O'HALEGHAN, THOMAS O'HALEGHAN. 1666-67 Moyne and Templetuohy: Ballyerk & Lisheen Killoran - WILLIAM. WHELAN. Derryfadda - WILLIAM NULANE (NOLAN). HEARTH RECORDS, 1666: BARONY OF MIDDLETHIRD - PARISHES OF ST. PATES, ROCK, AND DANGERDORGANE. Gortmaceill. Mathew Pennyfather 2 4. William Hackett 1 2. Edmond Lahy 1 2. Gerald Listune 1 2. DAVID NOLANE 1 2. HISTORICAL TIMELINE - CO. KILKENNY. c1190 - King John grants Theobald fitzWalter* the title, Butler of Ireland, and the fief of Oskelan (Gowran). Land grants awarded to the Cambro-Normans continue. Nenagh Castle. * Theobald FitzWalter (Butler) built Nenagh castle in the year 1200. Nenagh is in North Tipperary. The castle is one hundred feet tall and fifty-three feet at its base. INDEX TO GRIFFITH'S VALUATION OF IRELAND, 1848-1864. NOLAN, ANTHONY Tipperary Nenagh Ball Alley Lane. NOLAN, ANTHONY Tipperary Nenagh Barrack Street. NOLAN, ANTHONY Tipperary Nenagh Castle Street. NOLAN, ANTHONY Tipperary Nenagh Silver Street. NOLAN, THOMAS Tipperary Nenagh Summerhill. c1198 - The remaining cantreds of Odogh, Galmoy and Shillelogher were sub-divided among a number of lesser knights: Grace (Tullaroan); St. Leger (Tullaghanbrogue and Attanagh); de Valle (Ballubur with Castleinch); fitz Gerald (Burnchurch); Avenal (Kilferagh); bishop of Ossory (Freshford and Durrow); Bigod (Aghmacart); Drohull (Tubbridbritain); Fanyn (Clomantagh); Syward, later fitz Gerald (Glashare with Fertagh); Archdeacon (Galmoy (Erke?)); Smith (Coolcashin); de Rochford (Sheffin and Odagh?); fitz Warin, later Freyne (Rathbeagh); Devereaux (Aharney). 1289 - Michael of Exeter serves as Bishop of Ossory until his death in 1302. 1297 - The Butlers acquire the lordship of Rathdowney from John Pippard. 1314 - The Butlers gain the manor and cantred of Knocktopher fom Nigel le Brun. 1319 - The Butlers acquire the lordship of Iverk, in lower Co. Kilkenny. 1328 - James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde from 1328 to 1337. 1338 - James Butler, the "Noble Earl", 2nd Earl of Ormonde, 1338 to 1382. 1356 - A foundation was made at Jerpoint Abbey by the Earl of Ormond, James Butler (the Noble Earl), for the Carmelite Order of Friars. 1382 - The "Noble Earl" dies at Knocktopher Castle, His son, James Butler becomes the 3rd Earl of Ormonde, 1382 to 1405. 1399 - King Richard II is entertained for 14 days by the Earl of Ormonde. 1405 - James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormonde, the White Earl, 1405 to 1452. 1443 - The Annals record Fineen and Dermot, two sons of Mc Gillapatrick, Lord of Ossory, were treacherously slain at Kilkenny, at the instigation of Mac Richard Butler. 1452 - The death of the White Earl of Ormonde. His son, James, becomes 5th. 1461 - John Butler, son of James the 4th, becomes the 6th Earl of Ormonde. 1462 - Edmund MacRichard Butler of Polestown given control of the Kilkenny lordship. Eamonn Mac Risderd Butler of Pottlerath founded the Augustinian Friary at Callan. His son James erected the existing buildings between 1467 and 1470. c1462 - The Earl of Desmond takes Kilkenny and the other towns in the country of the Butlers. 1477 - Thomas Butler, son of James the 4th, becomes the 7th Earl of Ormonde. 1478 - The Annals record, Richard, the son of Edmond Mac Richard Butler, was slain by Fineen Roe, the son of Fineen, one of the Ossorians, in the doorway of the church of St. Canice. 1499 - The burgesses of Kilkenny city marched out in aid of the Butlers against Tirlagh O'Brien, but were defeated. 1515 - Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormonde and 1st Earl of Ossory, 1515 to 1539. 1532 - Thomas, the son of Pierce Roe, Earl of Ormond, was slain by Dermot Mac Gillapatrick, who was heir to the lordship of Ossory. Dermot was delivered to the Earl by his own brother, the Mac Gillapatrick. 1538 - Kilkenny College is founded by Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormonde. 1539 - James Butler, son of Piers the 8th, becomes 9th Earl of Ormonde. 1546 - Thomas Butler, son of James the 9th, becomes 10th Earl of Ormonde and 3rd Earl of Ossory. 1553 - The Annals record that James, son of Pierce Butler, returned from exile and succeeded his father as Earl of Ormond. CALENDAR OF ORMOND DEEDS, 1172-1350. VOL. I. P. 242-43. “Estreats of Co. Kilkenny, 19-20 Edward II (1325-6). [The King is described only as Edward, but the dating of the feasts and years can only apply to the reign of Edward II.] Estreats of county Kilkenny on Thursday next after the feast of St. Andrew in the 19th year of King Edward, Fulc de fraxineto being sheriff.” “BENET O’NOLAN by pledge of Philip and Maurice Noungill xxd.” CALENDAR OF ORMOND DEEDS, 1350-1413. VOL. II. P. 234. “Given at Carrykmcgryffyn on the 9th day of February in the 21st year of Richard II. February 9, 1398. (2) James, Earl of Ormond, appoints PHILIP O’HEWELAN and Philip Walsh his bailiffs for receiving full seisin in his name from John fitz Elys, son and heir of Geoffrey McElyot, in all messuages, rents, etc., as above. Same date and place” [as previous entry]. P. 309-10. “From DAVID O’HYNEWLANE for 12 acres at lease iiis.” “From Shane Curteys for the farm of Crege at lease xxi. From DAVID O’HEWLANE for 1 ½ acres at lease vid. From Henry O’Tothull for 4 acres at lease xvid. From Thomas Walsche for 2 acres at lease viiid. From Jonoc Carraghe for 2 acres at lease viiid. From ADAM O’HEWLAN for 1 acre at lease iiiid. [Rest of deed frayed away.] [April, 1412].” CALENDAR OF ORMOND DEEDS, 1413-1509. VOL. III. P. 75-6. “Rental of James, Earl of Ormond, in counties Kilkenny and Tipperary for Easter term in the 10th year of Henry VI. [The name of the place faded.]” PHILIP O’HEWELANE for 1 ½ acres 4d. PHILIP O’HEWELANE for ½ acre 2d. THOMAS O’HEWELANE for one garden 2d. PATRICK O’HEWELANE for ½ acre 2d. Leaghbaly. THOMAS O’HEWELANE for 6 acres 18d. P. 177-78. “Anastasia daughter of Robert Erchedekne quit claims to DONALD son of DONALD O’WHOLOWHAN and his heirs for ever all her right in all messuages and tenements, etc., which she has in Carrhygyn, Loghedare, and Carregele and elsewhere in County Kilkenny. Witnesses: William Drule, John Philpote, Edmund Graas, Phillip Graas, James Drule, William O’Cathyl, sergeant, Sir Maurice O’Hole, vicar of Kylmanagh, James Tywe, Thomas son of Philip Erchedekyn and Oliver Seynt Legger. October 21, 1456.” SHORT HISTORY OF FETHARD. Oliver Cromwell's letter addressed to Piers Butler of Fethard discussing his visit to the town is dated 3 February 1650. "Extensive building activity inside the town shows that Fethard was a strong and fairly prosperous place in the late middle ages. Its strategic importance is perhaps reflected in the fact that from the late 1400s Earls of Ormond were attending courts held in Fethard, and many Ormond ordinances were issued from here." (26) * Oliver Cromwell's letter to Colonel Piers Butler: 'Articles of agreement between Oliver Cromwell, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Colonel Piers Butler, Governor of the town of Fethard for the surrender of Fethard, County Tipperary'. 3 February 1650. This letter can be accessed at the Manuscripts' Department of the National Library of Ireland: Reference # NLI Deed 7403. A reproduction of the document (with explanatory note) can be seen in Noel Kissane's Treasures of the National Library (Dublin, 1994). NLI Reference # Ir 027 n 47. * The above information was provided by e-mail from the Duty Archivist, Department of Manuscripts, National Library of Ireland on 22 August 2006. 12 June 1688 - PIERCE NOLAND “Feddard” Patent. 12 June 1688 - PIERCE NOLAND “Feddard” Patent, 2. NOWLAND (NOLAND) BROTHERS - ARRIVING FROM IRELAND TO AMERICA. PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND): 1675, settled in Cecil Co. Maryland and then moved to Charles Co. where he spent most of his life. PHILLIP NOWLAND (NOLAND): 1677, settled in Loudoun Co. Virginia. THOMAS NOWLAND (NOLAND): 1678, settled in Anne Arundel Co. Maryland. WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND): 1678, arrived in Maryland on the same ship as his brother Thomas. HENRY NOWLAND (NOLAND): 1679, settled in Kent Co. Maryland with his sons: Henry, Jr. and Richard. DARBY NOWLAND (NOLAND): 1680, Darby and wife ANN BROWNING settled in Cecil Co. Maryland. A PHILIP NOWLAN owned 100 acres in Ballydrom, Co. Carlow, 1641 according to O'NOLAN: The History of a People by Fr. John NOLAN & Art Kavanagh. They cite the PHILIP NOWLAN acreage in NOLAN, NOWLAN, NOWLAND Owners of Land Co. Carlow, 1641. Fr. John NOLAN & Art Kavanagh also cite a HENRY O'NOLAN (NOLAND) (NOWLAND) of Carrigslaney, Co. Carlow in rebellion with the Kavanagh's of Garryhill during the year 1584. This PHILIP and HENRY are obviously of Carlow Clan O’NOLAN and not related to Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN. * There is record of a _______ NOLAND born about the year 1600 in Co. Mayo and a NOLAND, dubbed first, born 1625 in Mayo. JAMES NOWLAN is also recorded in the Strafford Inquisition of Co. Mayo as of Ballinrobe, 1632. THE STRAFFORD INQUISITION OF CO. MAYO (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15). BARONY OF BURRISHOOLE. P. 25. "Said lord viscount did also, on 6 August 1632, purchase of JAMES NOWLAN, of Ballinrobe, gent. 1/2 cartron in the half qr of Rosstwogh; and 1/2 cartron in the half qr Irrishane, in the town of Ballytarsny for the consideration of £5 st." (27) * It is not known whether the above three individuals were of the Carlow Clan O’NOLAN or Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O‘NOLAN: Connaught, however, research suggests an Offaly - Kilkenny relationship through the Co. Tipperary NOLAN family. NOLAND'S OF AMERICA. "Some of the first NOLAND'S that were recorded as landing in Maryland were: CATHERINE NOLAND in 1655. PHILLIP NOLAND in 1677. THOMAS NOLAND in 1678. WILLIAM NOLAND in 1678. HENRY NOLAND in 1679. DARBY NOLAND in 1680. PIERCE NOLAND in 1684. Although the records showed that these early settlers landed in Maryland, many of them quickly moved into other states, particularly Virginia." (28) "Here is a list of items that was required as the absolute barest necessities that a person should have to survive in this new land as it was posted back in the late 1600's by Lord Baltimore. He was trying to entice new settlers and would give them free land if they would come to Maryland with the following equipment." (29) FOOD: Meal, Oatmeal, Peas, Oil, Vinegar, Aqua Vitae, Salt, Sugar, Spice and Fruit. APPAREL: Caps or Hats, Collars, Three Shirts, One Waistcoat, Two Suits of Canvas, One Suit of Frize, One Coarse Cloth Coat, Three Pairs of Stockings, Five Pairs of Shoes and Broad Tape of Garters. BEDDING: Two Pairs of Sheets, Canvas and a Rug. TOOLS: Broad Hoes, Narrow Hoes, Broad Axes, Felling Axes, Nails, Steel Handsaws, Pick Ax, Whipsaw, Hammer, Shovel, Spade, Augers, Chisels, Piercers, Gimlet, Hatchets, and a Grindsaw. ARMS: One Musket, Ten Pounds of Powder, 40 Pounds of Lead, One Sword, One Belt and One Flask. HOUSEHOLD GOODS: Iron Pots, Gridirons, Kettles, Skillets, Platters, Frying Pan, Spits, Spoons and Dishes. "The value of these items in 1670 was about 20 English pounds. That was a lot of money in those days and many of the early settlers were forced to make do with much less than the articles mentioned above. Most of the items were manufactured products and since there was virtually no manufacturing facilities in the new country at that time, if the new arrivals wanted to wear warm clothes, use tools or cook food, those items had to come with them." (30) "There was great stress put upon bringing tools to help clear the land, build houses, make the basic furniture to go in them such as tables, chairs, beds, etc., and to plant the crops once the land was cleared. The people that survived were indeed a hardy breed!" (31) The above quoted information furnished by Sharon Noland of NOLAND'S of America. IRISH PASSENGER LISTS. St. George - London - Waterford - Maryland - Oct 7, 1677 The following is the passenger list for the St. George, a merchant ship that sailed from Waterford, Ireland to Maryland (don't know what port) in 1677, carrying 180 passengers. "Oct. 7 [1677] Portsmouth. Ralegh Hull to Robert Yard. This morning sailed from Spithead the St. George of London for Waterford and thence for Maryland, wind N. E." On November 1, 1678, John Quigley, a merchant captain, not the captain of the ship, appeared before the Secretary of Maryland and applied for land warrants for transporting 180 settlers into the province on the ship St. George of London. Following is the list of settlers. The original spelling is duplicated, along with the original order of names. Michaell Delany John Butler Michaell Dormedy Edmd. McMahony Charles Quigley Owen Carty Stephen Walton John Power Terrance Quigley James Carty Jefry Sweatman Pat Bryan Larance Quigley Dennis Carty Luke FitzGerald Thomas Coleman Lionell Girlings Daniell Shea John Rogers And Simons Darby Dillan Thomas Shea David Hughes Thos. Owens Ebenezer Reed Phillip Welsh Dennis in Craff Margt. Doubin Peter James Anthony Coleman Patrick Mely Ann Craford Wm. Gregory William Dunn Henry Murphy Jane Warwick Thomas Morris Matthew Quigly John Sealy Ann Coburne John Hilliard Canice Quigley Austas Quigley Susan Lane Peter Coveny Christ. Everit Jane Murphy Dorothy Symot Laughlin Dayly Jane Quigley Ann Cantwell Elan Dalton George Fingles Cate Quigley Margt. Prince Margaret Haynes William Ogan Daniell Quigley Margarett Sulivan Honner Conner William Hanagh Jane Shea Wm. Hearbottle Ellin Fanin William Coheran Cate Quigley Richard Bonny Honner Coghlin John Bise Margt. Quigley Edmond Hallison Honner Bryan Hugh Mullin Ellinor Shigins Thos. Weirdlock Cate Dwyer Thomas Welsh Denis Costican TeaMdy Meaher Ellen Cavenah Robert Dunn Cate Costican Edmond Daniell Margt. Jacob James Lane Timothy Leary Richard Maher Mary Kemp Samuell Swallow John Delany James Alexander Pat. Bryan John Powell William Welsh James Crough Elias Roberts Margaret Corban Mary Langam John Luby Fran. Lambseed Giles Kelly Ann Preston Walter English Lar. Halandhap Cate Cann Mary Ryan John Butler John Burke Mary Bryan Jane Butler Garrett Russell Edmd. CrafeJane Mary Sulivan John Francis Tho. Killam Cate fizGerald John Baker John Duvall Pat Ryan Prisscell Dougin William Baker Edmond Daniell Mary Bary Nell Cransbrough Thomas Walker Derby Donoah Ann Screwton Christy Varely James Carew Owen Child Jane Barry Mary Varely Thomas Screwton Tarty Hogan Margt. Day Jenett Varely Mary Screwton David Roach Mary Cavenagh Elizabeth Varely John Hawkins Phillip Slattery Pat Wheelan John Varely John King Toby Butler John Hargreaves Christ. Varely THOMAS NOWLAND David Henderkin Eliz Hargreaves James Varely Roger Doelin Jane Giles Tho. fizGerald Michaell Shea James in Owen Thos. Quigley John Britt James Caroll Richard Ready Morris fizGerald Robt Pendergast Dennis Brothy John Egan William Simple Gart. Lincoln Pat Fannin James O.Cahall Laughlin Eagan Chris. Carwick Jane Mascall Peter Mery Thomas Clynton Ellis Welsh Anthony Arthur Arthur King SHILLIAM NOWLAND John Hollam Captain John Quigley hath appeared before me and made oath upon the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God that the severall persons within named amounting to the number of one hundred and eighty were by him imported into this province in the Ship St. George of London, and that neither himself nor any person for him by his consent privity or knowledge hath made use of their or any of their rights for taking up of land according to the condition of plantations. Given under my hand the first day of November anno 1678. Source: Maryland State Archives. Land Office, Patent Records, Liber 15, Folio 553. Annapolis, Maryland: 1678. HISTORY OF OFFALY - KILKENNY CLAN O'NOLAN. National Geographic - Genographic Project - Haplogroup R1b Population Route Map. Migration Scenarios: 1. Central Europe - Ireland (La Tene Celts from Alpine Europe migrate to Ireland. 2. Central Europe - Ireland - S. E. Scotland (Vennicnii in Ireland - Venicones in S. E. Scotland). 3. Eastern Europe - Scythia - Khazar - Galicia - Central Europe - Spain - Ireland. R1b1c10 Ancestral History of N-4 (NOLAN DNA Surname Project) provided by the National Geographic - Genographic Project. R1b1c10: M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+ rs34276300+ (S116+) U152+ (S28+) M126- M153- M160- M18- M222- M37- M65- M73- P107- P66- SRY2627- U106- U198- S21- S26- S29- News: The Nolan DNA Project has linked Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught to the Milesian Legends of Ireland. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught has a generational mutational link to Eber Glunflind son of Lamfhind recorded in the Leabhar Gabhála (Lebor Gabala Erren) and the Book of Leinster 1150 A. D. (with some variant readings from the Book of (Formoy). This is extraordinarily great news in the growing field of genetic genealogy. The Lebor Gabala Erren is the recorded oral history of the Celtic Irish. The Ireland Literature Guide has further information. Though, sometimes represented as fictional and mythological in origin the Lebor Gabala Erren is deeply rooted in Celtic ancestry. Please read Of the Nolans (Nola): Origins of the Irish and Scottish - Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) and Dál Riada (Dál Riata) - R1b1b2a2g (R1b1b2h*) (R1b1c10) - DYS #385a and 385b at 11 and 17: A Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) Ossory (Osraighe) and Dál Riada (Dál Riata) Uladh Haplotype in Co. Donegal, Ulster, Ireland, 1600s for details. INTRODUCTION. According to the available Irish genealogies or pedigrees, Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught descended from a sept of the ruling Ui Neill: O’Neill's of Ulster, but Carlow Clan O'NOLAN at R1b1c7 and Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught at R1b1c10 do not present the same Y-DNA haplogroup. R-M222 and R-U152 descend from a common R1b1c ancestor except that link occurred in the past making Niall Nóigiallach - Niall of the Nine Hostages and King Colla Uais distant relations. The Irish, Scottish, Welsh, and English have a close affinity to the people of Galicia, the Basque region, and Spain. Historians place the Celtic invasions of the British Isles in the Iron Age. Modern geneticists, however, argue that DNA testing of the people from Celtic areas of Europe indicates that the migratory movement from the Iberian Peninsula possibly began some 6,000 years in the past. The commonalities of the people of these areas appear more ancient than historians have predicted. Evidence presented at Of the Nolans: Origins of the Irish and Scottish - Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) and Dál Riada (Dál Riata) - R1b1b2a2g (R1b1b2h*) (R1b1c10) - DYS #385a and 385b at 11 and 17: A Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) Ossory (Osraighe) and Dál Riada (Dál Riata) Uladh Haplotype in Co. Donegal, Ulster, Ireland, 1600s is suggestive of an origin from the Central Italian Refugium, depending on its relative age, however, the Balkans Refugium cannot be discounted. The age estimate for R1b1b2h (R1b1c10) is from R1b1c10 aka S28 by John McEwan. Other age estimates for R1b1b2h are 3,080-4,500 years or 103-150 generations to the most recent common ancestor, which is not necessarily the age of the mutation for U152+ (R1b1b2a2g) only the estimated age to the most recent common ancestor. Ken Nordtvedt, has calculated a time to most recent common ancestor for U152 (R1b1b2a2g) (R1b1b2h*) (R1b1c10) that falls within the range for the volcanic destruction of the city and territory of Nola in ancient Italy circa 1800 and 1750 B. C. with a 3,780 year most recent common ancestor estimate for R-U152 and R-U106 stating that the MRCA for R-U152 is within range of that estimate and the MRCA for R-U106 occurs at the 3,270 year marker making the MRCA for it 500 years younger than R-U152. In Ireland, "of the Nolans" is usually representative of the Co. Carlow Nolans. By the 17th century, these two Irish Clan names are interchangeable, but a new hypothesis is possible due to the ever-expanding knowledge of genetics. "Of the Nolans" could represent the people from the territory of Nola of ancient Italy. Two interesting facts regarding the Cippus Abellanus by M. Horatius Piscinus are that the border sanctuary between the towns of the territory of Nola was unusual and that it corresponds to southern Gaul and its Celtic tribes, and that the people of the territory of Nola were “Nolans” more than two thousand years ago. The Milesian Legends: The Book of the Taking of Ireland recounts an origin of descent from the Scythian King Feinius Farsaid. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught, R1b1c10, according to Old Irish Kingdoms and Clans is a pre-Milesian Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe or Corca Loigde) sept; however, any speculation as to Irish arrival prior to the Iron Age is unproven. Nolan Y-DNA cannot yet place R1b1c7 or R1b1c10 (R1b1b2h) into a specific wave of Celtic migration as shown by the myriad of Irish migration myths. Hence, we have two mythological origins for the Corca Loigde: Érainn or Goídel. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’Nolan: Connaught is of the Corca Laoidhe and that places it within the Érainn or Goidel, but pinpointing an arrival date prior to 2,500 years ago is not possible at this point. The Érainn (Fir Bolg) invaded Ireland long before the Goídel (Gaedil) or Milesians, however, it has become obvious that the differing redactions of the Milesian Legends and its use of double episodes based upon the Lebor Gabala Erren refer to the same migration of the Celtic people into Ireland: Érainn (Fir Bolg) and Goídel (Gaedil) or Milesians. O’Nolan: The History of a People by Fr. John O’Nolan and Art Kavanagh also puts Carlow Clan O’Nolan in descent of the Scythian Milesian ancestry myths of the Heremonian lineage of Ireland. It is possible to conclude that Carlow Clan O'Nolan, R1b1c7, and Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'Nolan: Connaught, R1b1c10, are both of Milesian ancestry based on rs34276300+ (S116+) results. Edward MacLysaght, first Chief Herald of Ireland, writing several books on Irish family history and heraldry, in his book, Irish Families, would take exception to the use of the term “clan” to describe these “septs” or groups of O’NOLAN’S. He notes that Ireland did not have a true clan system like that which developed in Scotland; however, modern DNA evidence is separating the various septs or groups of O'NOLAN’S living in the same vicinity into distinguishable family groups, lineages or clans. An explanatory note concerning Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is warranted at this point, there may or may not be at least three distinct genealogical branches or lineages of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught, Ossory, and Tipperary; 1. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN that moved into the Connacht counties of Galway and Mayo with the Barrett family in the 12th or early 13th century; 2. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN which stayed in Co. Kilkenny (Ossory) after the 12th century; and 3. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN which may or may not have developed in conjunction with Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN with a split disseminating into Co. Tipperary Clan O’NOLAN somewhere between the 5th and 12th century in (Ossory) Osraighe. At present, the Connacht branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is the only one that has attained the status of a distinct lineage due to a limited number of NOLAN surnamed DNA participants, and it is possibly the result of an illegitimate hereditary relationship, an adoption, or a branch of a family using a different surname. R1b1b2a1b5 (R1b1c7) (R1b1b2e) or the Northwest Irish Haplogroup represents twenty percent of R1b in Ireland and has been calculated at 1740 years by Dr. Ken Nordtvedt, which corresponds roughly to the reign of Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages) beginning in the year 379. Or, of further note, the calculation by Dr. Ken Nordtvedt of 1740 years for a TMRCA for R-M222 matches the reign of Carby Lifeachain (“the Liffey”) Cairbre Liffeachair from 268-284, great-great grandfather to Niall of the Nine Hostages. Others, however, have estimated the age of R-M222 as “about 46% of the age of R1b and is most likely at least 3400 years old." Previously, R-U152 (S28+) acquired an estimate of approximately eighty-nine percent the age of R1b developing as a hunter-gatherer group in Europe representing a Celtic Central European Northern Alpine cluster with the age of its development ranging from an estimated 6,541 years to the end of the last ice age or 10,000-12,000 years. Clan (Colgain) Colgan, from which O’HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) descends, is recorded in Septs of the Ui Neill descending from Fearghal, High King of Ireland, dying 718 (Common Era) C. E. This research also points to the Ulster Ireland counties of Donegal and Tyrone, which the Vennicnii and the Rhobogdii tribes anciently occupied. Obviously, R1b1c10 might also be an Ancient Uladh, Kingdom of Ulster haplotype. An early tribe of the Uladh (Province of Ulster) was the Dál Riada or Dál Riata, once referred to by Romans as “Scoti” or "Scotia" from which the name Scotland may have derived. One Irish genealogy of the ancient Dál Riata refers to the Clan of Úgaine Mor and Glass mac Nuadait Argatlám as the common ancestor between the Dál Riata and the people of Laigin (Leinster), Ulaid (Ulster), Ossairgi (Osraighe or Ossory), and the Síl Cuind. This mythical figure also known as Nuadu Argatlám, Nuadu of the Silver Hand or Nudd Airgetlam, King of the Tuatha De Danann, lost a hand in battle with the Fir Bolg or Belgae and every subsequent family in Ireland is reportedly descended from the race of Nuadu. The Dál Riata of Ireland never was descended from the Ui Neill, but the Ui Neill and the Dál Riata did descend from an ancient common ancestor. The Irish pedigree of the Dál Riata was of the Érainn or Belgae: Érainn-Cianacht. Modern DNA analysis confirms the existence of the King Colla Uais (Dalriadic) modal haplotype, and relatedness exists to the clan or tribe of the Ui Neill through R1b1c. Colla Uais seized Ulster, but in 327 C. E. (the fourth year of his reign) Muireadhach Tireach expelled King Colla Uais and three hundred of his followers to Scotland becoming the founding lineages for the Scottish Dalriadic kingdom. The major clans of Scotland descend from the Dál Riata of Ireland based on available DNA analysis, and the Niall or Northwest Irish R1b1c7 haplotype exists in Western Scotland. Thus, it is clear from modern genealogy and DNA testing that Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught at R1b1c10 is a distinct ancient Irish clan or tribe. 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 R1b1c10 385a-385b 11, 17 Modal Reference Unique Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught R1b1c10 Y-DNA Haplotype: Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught has the classification of Haplogroup R1b1c10 meaning that it falls within ten percent of the Western European male population. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught appears to be in the King Colla Uais and R1bSTR43 cluster. The R1bSTR43 cluster identified as having originated in the British Isles some 2,000-3,000 years before the Common Era arrived in the British Isles probably from the Iberian Peninsula or Spain 7,000-10,000 years in the past. Stephen Colson suggests that one R1bSTR43 cluster may have spent a considerable amount of time in Ireland tracing some sub-clusters into Scotland and eventually England. A close match with the King Colla Uais (Dalriadic) modal haplotype is also suggestive of a close ancestral relationship for Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught and Khaki Group 01 of the Windham Family DNA Project to the inhabitants of Ireland and Scotland. A Ui Neill connection reportedly exists through Carby Lifeachain (“the Liffey”) father of Eochaidh Dubhlinn, grandfather of “the Three Collas,” and great-great grandfather to Niall of the Nine Hostages. The genealogy of the Sil Anmchadha of the Uí Maine records Colla Da Chrioch, brother to Colla Uais, as an ancestor of (O’HUALLACHAIN) UALLACHAN. The Úa Maine are also recorded as descending from Conn of the Hundred Battles, Óengus Dub, a grandson of Cathaír Mór, of the Ua Failge, and from Maine, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. The territory of the Ui Maine included parts of Kings Co. (Offaly). MUGRON of Clan (Colgain) Colgan, the ancestor of O'H-UALLACHAIN or HOOLAHAN, was reportedly born at Ballycowen, Kings, Co. (Offaly). In Kingdom of Airghialla, Ulster Series, Background on the Three Collas, Contemporary historians record King Colla Uais as one of the three sons of the early Ulster ruler Niall Noigiallach who had three sons: Eogan, Conall, and Enda. The Irish Annals indicate he was the son of Eochaidh Doimhlen (Eochaid Duibhlein) and Aileach, the daughter of the King of Alba, Scotland. Yet, others prefer the alternate theory of Romanized Britons ascending the Irish throne. Though, there is no account of Romans in Ireland. Intertwined in this mystical era of Irish history are reality and myth, therefore, a true origin for the Three Collas is unclear. Modern DNA analysis can determine that the (MRCA) most recent common ancestor for the paternal line of the O’Neil’s (13, 25, 14, and 11) and the “Three Collas” (13, 24, 14, and 10) probably occurred beyond 500 B. C. E. (Before Common Era). These Irish royal lineages may have been heavily intermarried but did not have a genetic paternal link for more than 2,500 years. The Irish genealogies, therefore, which relate to this aspect of the descent of Conn are not correct and probably have a degree of fabrication. King Colla Uais was not the son of the Ulster ruler Niall Noigiallach, but they do have an ancient common ancestor. The R1b1c signature does connect these people genealogically. Aengus (the Prolific) Tuirmheach, 81st Monarch of Ireland, son of Eochaidh Foiltleathan, defeated and killed Fearghus, the powerful or brave, at Tara assuming the monarchy of Ireland having two sons: Fiacha Fermara, and Enna Aighneach. Fiacha Fermara is the progenitor for the Dalriadic and Alba Scottish Kings, and many of the succeeding Kings descend from Enna Aighneach. There is ample evidence that the O HAONGHUSA [meaning descendant of Aonghus or Angus] (O'HENNESSY) [shared the lordship of Clann Cholgan with their kinsmen the O’HOLOHAN'S (O HUALLACHAIN)] in Co. Offaly, but there is also evidence of a sept of the Ui AENGHUSA in Munster. These two separate septs probably developed independently after the descendants of Aonghus, Aengus, or Angus split with some descendants moving into Munster and some into Co. Offaly. In any event, these two separate Irish septs are inextricably linked genealogically. The Erainn, a group of Munster clans, occupied the Kingdom of (Ossory) Osraighe. In essence, Ossory was a buffer zone during the sixth through ninth centuries between the men of Munster (Munstermen) and the men of Leinster (Leinstermen). The Kingdom of (Ossory) Osraighe encompasses most of present day Co. Kilkenny in which Inse Ui hUallachan (the river meadow of O HOLAHAN) or O'HOLOHAN’S holm is located in the Barony of Shillelogher. After 1653, Inse Ui hUallachan, anglicized Inchyolaghan became Castleinch or Caislean-na-h-Ínse. Thus, the basis for naming this particular NOLAN clan Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN lies within these two septs of the descendants of Aonghus or Angus. The 33 of 37 Y-DNA marker match between N-4 (Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught) of the NOLAN DNA Surname Project and Kit #56134 from the WINDHAM Family DNA Project probably occurred between these two 1574 Galway castle owning families who were also Herenagh Families of Ulster Co. Donegal Ireland. An exact match of the first 20 markers (13, 24, 14, 10, 11, 17, 12, 12, 12, 14, 13, 30, 17, 9, 10, 11, 11, 25, 15, and 19) in the Y-DNA test of N-4 with RICHARD (O') HAGAN also gives credence to an Ulster relationship.Ó hOgáin is also a Corca Laoidhe surname. A WINDHAM - NOLAN DNA comparison provided by JOHN B. WINDHAM details a 25 Y-DNA marker match between N-3 (Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught) and Kit # 18393 and a 61-62 of 67 Y-DNA marker match between Kit # 18393 and N-4. Incidentally, Kit # 18393 mismatches RICHARD O’HAGAN by one in a 20-marker comparison. Herenagh meaning land typically converted into donated church property. In most circumstances when individuals of different surnames closely match at a limited number of 12 markers that match will disappear with increased marker testing. Mutation rate explains the disappearance of a close match in a limited 12-marker test. As an increased number of markers are tested and compared the possibility of more mutations exist, which increases the time span of the most recent common ancestor usually beyond the period for relatedness of the earliest known use of surnames: 40 generations or 1,000 years. When exceptions to this disappearance of relatedness persist between different surnamed individuals at the higher level of a 37 or 67-marker match then an extramarital event, non-paternity event or adoption has typically occurred. Adoption of a different surname by a branch of one family and convergence are also a possibility. Convergence meaning the mutation of each families result into a DNA match. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught R1b1c10 Unique 20-marker Haplotype Matches: Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 King Colla Uais 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 R1bSTR43 N-3 mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, 389-2, and 458. N-4 mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, and 458. N-30 (brother to N-4) mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, 389-2, and 458. N-3, N-4, and N-30 mismatch the 20-marker haplotype of R1bSTR43 at DYS #385b, 389-1, and 389-2. N-4 and N-30 are brothers of the same mother and father, but mutations at DYS #389-2 and 464c for N-4 with a genetic distance of two at the 25-marker level compared to N-30 leaves N-30 with a more precise genetic match with N-3 and 9ZZVM - Windham at the 25-marker level than with N-4. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 N-3 - Nolen 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 15 17 N-4 - Nolen R1b1c10 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 N-30 - Nolen (brother to N-4) The three below HAGAN DNA results from Y-Search have an exact 20-marker match with N-4 resulting in an ancient relationship prior to the introduction of surnames through parallel subclades of R-P312. N-3 mismatches by one mutation at DYS 389-2. User ID # 5GGTH lists Carrickmore, Ulster, Ireland as country of origin. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 5GGTH - Hagan 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 N2F3B - Hagan 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 YNXPB - Hagan Three of the following WINDHAM/WYNDHAM Y-Search participants claim descent from England: JCBWN, P6D2Y, and QT7HT, however, mutations at DYS 389-2 for N-4 and the HAGAN surname at 30, N-3, N-30 and WINDHAM at 31 results in an ancient Irish relationship prior to the introduction of surnames through parallel subclades of R-P312. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 JCBWN - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 9ZZVM - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 P6D2Y - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 QT7HT - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 V43N7 - Windham NOLAN - WINDHAM PROBABILITY & TIME TO MOST RECENT COMMON ANCESTOR. 98.55% Probability of a Shared Common Ancestor within 24 Generations: 24 generations multiplied by 15 (Years in a Generation) = 360 years. 24 generations multiplied by 25 (Years in a Generation) = 600 years. 94.97% Probability of a Shared Common Ancestor within 20 Generations: 20 generations multiplied by 15 (Years in a Generation) = 300 years. 20 generations multiplied by 25 (Years in a Generation) = 500 years. 2006 minus 1597* = 409 Years. 2006 minus 1643* = 363 Years. * 1597 - THOMAS NOLAN purchased Enniscrone Castle Co. Sligo. * 1643 - JOHN NOWLIN living in Isle of Wight Co. VA. The O’HAGAN (O hAgain in Irish, which was originally O hOgain) family also descends from the ruling Ui Neill, O’Neill's, of Ulster, and were hereditary stewards, sheriffs, and judges considered part of that sept. O'HAGAN’S stood with Hugh O'Neill, the last of the native Irish kings, in his rebellion against England. Hugh O'Neill, in the tradition of the times, took the remnants of his fortune and sailed to Spain. The O'HAGAN’S were not as fortunate, being totally dispossessed of lands and possessions in the plantations that followed Hugh O'Neill’s defeat. The O’HAGAN'S (O hAgain), a sept of the Cineal Eoghain, are recorded as descendants of Fergus, son of Eoghan with the following families in Roger O'Ferrall's "Linea Antiqua": O'COLGAN, O'Branagan, O'HAGIN, O'Cahalan, O'Uarisg, O'Brelar, O'Hanin, O'Dovan, O'Losgny, O'Mellan, O'CONOLAN, O'Spellan, and O'Breonan. Fergus was also ancestor to the O'QUIN'S, as described in Background on the Northern Uí Neill. O'QUIN later spawned the family of WYNDHAM-QUINN. Included in the background of the Northern Ui Neill is evidence pertaining to the O'BOYLE, MAC SUIBHNE, and MACSWEENEY septs that became WYNDHAM of Co. Donegal. A History of the HOGAN, O'HOGAN, Ó HOGAIN Surname reflects a separate origin in Co. Cork as a sept of the Corca Laoidhe. It is evident that not all Irish NOLAN’S descend from County Carlow. More than one NOLAN lineage developed in ancient Ireland prior to the introduction of surnames. The first name of the ancestor's father formed the basis of familial relationships. Hereditary surnames have a relatively recent origin. By 1400, for example, most every person in England had a surname. With the origination of surnames within the last millennia, therefore, it is not uncommon to find many different variants of the same clan using the same surname. Usually, genealogists are not interested in relatedness prior to the adoption of surnames, but depending on whether that clan separated and moved to different regions prior to the adoption of surnames researchers should expect to find more than one variant of the same clan using the same surname. The descendants of UALLACHAN of Clan (Colgain) Colgan, for example, became HUALLACHAN. In Ireland “H” often appears in front of a name beginning with a vowel which became O'HUALLACHAN meaning of UALLACHAN or in Gaelic of NOLAN. DNA evidence posted at NOLAN DNA Project: Results conclusively supports the existence of more than one NOLAN lineage. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of N-3 and N-4 is HARDIN NOLEN of Lauderdale Co. Alabama who married CYNTHIA VICKERS on 15 May 1845 proving the existence of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught through DNA and genealogical documentation. In fact, more NOLAN lineages developed after the Norman invasion due to the introduction of the English language. In Co. Fermanagh, O'HULTACHAIN, an obvious derivation of O‘HUALLACHAN, became anglicized as NOLAN. CORMAC O'HULTACHAIN, Erenach (Herenagh) of Achadh-Beithe, Aghavea, died 1532. Similarly, the O‘HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) landholding sept of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN is believed to have had herenagh property in Ulster Co. Donegal moving their influence further north from Co. Sligo. Perhaps a familial relationship existed between these two NOLAN herenagh property owning lineages, septs or clans of the Ui Colgain. With O'HULTACHAIN an obvious derivation of O‘HUALLACHAIN, it is possible that the JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight Co. Virginia, 1643 represents one or both of these northern Ireland NOLAN lineages, septs or clans. A 17 January 2009 e-mail from WAYNE NOLAN of New Zealand lists the children of THOMAS NOLAN (O'HUALLACHAIN) and AGNES MARTIN from Ballinrobe Co. Mayo Ireland as having seven children: GREGORY, JOHN, CEACILLA, ANNIE, JAMES, THOMAS, and JOSEPH. HISTORY OF OFFALY - KILKENNY CLAN O'NOLAN: CONNAUGHT. “With the arrival of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century, NOLAN'S began to wander farther afield. Some are believed to have distanced themselves ending up, for example, in County Galway..." (1) Another scenario is that more than one Irish Clan used the name NUALLAIN or NOLAN. The above quote is from the NOLAN Clan Association. “About 749 the Osraighe attacked a territory to their east known as Fotharta Fea, in the eastern portion of modern Co. Carlow.” (2) From this researchers can deduce that the Carlow NOLAN and the Offaly - Kilkenny NOLAN clans had some degree of interaction. The possibility exists of several different NUALLAIN or NOLAN clan affiliations. The above quote is from The History of Osraighe: The Roots of County Kilkenny. TRIBES OF THE ÉRAINN. THE ÉRAINN, CORCA LAOIGHDHE (CORCA LAIDHE), AND O’HAONGHUSA: O'HENNESSY, O’HUALLACHAIN - O’HOLOHAN, NOLAN MIGRATION TIMELINE. 500 B. C. E. (Before Common Era) - The Erainn (Belgae from Belgium) arrive in Ireland residing in Cork and Kerry. * 100 A. D. - The Osraighe, a group of Munster people known as the Erainn, establish a semi-independent state within the territory of Laigin (Leinster) in the present County Kilkenny. “Kilkenny County forms much of what was known as the kingdom of Ossory. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210.“ (3) * The above quote is from Old Irish Kingdoms: A Supplement to Ireland History in Maps. 460 A. D. - The neighbouring tribe of the Deisi [Erainn], [from Waterford], aided by the Corca Laighde, [from Cork], conquer South Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca-Laighde chiefs rule in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs. * 1200 - “The population for Connacht in 1200 was about 100,000. It is also estimated that one quarter of the land was under forest.” (4) * The above quote is from Long Ago in Ireland. * 1225.28 - FLANN son of AMLAIB O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], chieftain of Clann Uatach, was killed in this war by Fedlim son of Cathal Crobderg. * 1225.29 - AMLAIB son of FERCHAR O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], the best chieftain of his hereditary estate that ever was, died in the same month in which FLANN his son was killed. * The above two entries were extracted from Annála Connacht. * 1236 - “The distribution of Connaught amongst the Normans” included the Barrett‘s. (5) * The above quote is from Long Ago in Ireland. * 1252.11 - MURCHAD O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], Highconstable to the Connachta, was craftily killed by the men of Brefne at Fenagh. * 1260.13 - Aed O Conchobair made a great raid in Tooraa, when Conchobar Mac Branain, chieftain of Corca Athchlann, Muirchertach O Maenaig, the son of BRIAN O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON] and many others were killed. * 1291.8 - AED O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], chieftain of the Clann Uatach, died this year. * The above three entries were extracted from Annála Connacht. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XXXX. (1985-86), Some 13th Century Castle Sites in the West of Ireland: Note on a Preliminary Reconnaissance, C. J. Lynn, 90-115. Illustrations from the above pages 96, 99, 106, 113, 114, and 115 of Some 13th Century Castle Sites in the West of Ireland: Note on a Preliminary Reconnaissance: Banada Co. Sligo, Castlemore Co. Roscommon, Plan of Temple House Castle, Castle Sites in the West of Ireland, Banada Abbey, Hen's Castle, and Temple House Co. Sligo. ** 1315 - “When Felim (O'Conor) heard that William Burke had arrived in Connacht from Alba (Scotland) he commanded a muster of his people to one place, to expel him (Burke). And this was the muster that came there, namely all from Es-Ruaidh,* to Echtghe:* And Donogh O'Brien, King of Thomond came in his following and muster: And O'Melaghlin, King of Meath: And O'Rourke, King af Breifne: And O'Ferrall, King of Conmaicne (Angally, now Co. Longford): And Tadgh O'Kelly, King of Hy-Many; and many more of the Kings and Chieftains of ERIN, came in his muster. And they all went to Ath-na-righ (Athenry) against William Burke, MacFeorais and the other Foreigners of Connacht: And a battle was fought between them, at the door of the town; and the Gaels were defeated there, and Felim O'Conor, King of Connaught was slain there; and Tadhg O'Kelly, King of Hy-Many, and twenty persons entitled to the sovereignty of Hy-Many fell there along with him: And Art O'Heghra (O'Hara) King of Leyney: And Melaghlin O'Dowde: And Dermot MacDermot, who was fit to be King of Moylurg: And John son of Murragh O'Madden and Murragh O'Madden: And Donnell, son of Aedh O'Concannon, King of Hy-Dermoda: And Donnell O'Boyle: And Nial Sinnach (The Fox), King of Feara-Taffia (Foxes Country, now part of Kings County): And Farrell, son of John galda O'Ferrall, William, son of Aedh oge O'Ferrall, and Thomas, son of Awley O'Ferrall: And five of the clan Donnagh were slain there: And John MacEgan, O'Conor's brehon, and Gillananaev son of O'Dolan, the standard bearer, and Thomas O'Connellan, were slain there, around their Lord. And it is not easy to tell all that were then slain of the men of Munster and the men of Meath and of the men of ERIN likewise; as the poet says "Many of the men of ERIN all, around the great plain, Many sons of Kings, whom I name not, were slain in the great defeat: Sorrowful to my heart is the conflict of the host of Midhe and Mumha.." As the Anglo-Norman force sustained but little loss in this battle, it is likely that their archers at the onset showered a hail of arrows upon the Irish host who were not protected with mail armour, and shot them down in hundreds before they could get to close quarters; and that then the charge of the heavy Anglo-Norman cavalry of mail-clad knights, completed the havoc and rout of the undisciplined Gaelic hosts. This battle of Athenry must be reckoned in its effects and results as one of the most decisive battles in Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period. It fully established the De Burgh supremacy in Connaught over the native Irish there.” (6) * Assaroe on the river Erne, near Ballyshannon, Co. Donegal: Echtghe now Slieve Aughty, the name of the mountain range between the Counties of Galway and Clare. ** Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. VII. No. I., Notes on the Persons Named in the Obituary Book of the Franciscan Abbey at Galway by Martin J. Blake, 1-28. ** Illustrations from pages 2, 8, 21, and 26 of the Notes on the Persons Named in the Obituary Book of the Franciscan Abbey at Galway: Sir William De Burgh; tombstone; Richard O'Cuairsci Bourke; Edmond Albanagh. * 1320 - “Due to the influx of Anglo-Norman merchants, Galway grew from a cluster of fishermen huts to one of the most populous towns in Ireland.” (7) * The above quote is from Long Ago In Ireland. * 1320.3 - Aed son of Tadc O Conchobair, whose fair form, nobility and bounty made him well qualified to be king of Connacht, was killed by MAC MARTIN, and MAC MARTIN was killed to avenge him. * The above entry extracted from Annála Connacht. History of the Irish Hierarchy: With the Monasteries of Each County, Biographical Notices of the Irish Saints, Prelates and Religious by Rev. Thomas Walsh, 1854. Chapter XLIX. County of Kilkenny. P. 493 A.D. 1330, RICHARD O’NOLAN was besieged in the steeple of this abbey, and was compelled to deliver his son as a hostage for his future good conduct. * 1337.5 - SEOAN O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], chieftain of the Clann Uatach, died. * 1356.4 - FERCHAR O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], chieftain of the Clann Uatach, died. * The above two entries were extracted from Annála Connacht. *1394 - The burial tomb of the ancient family of O'NOLAN is situated in the center of the Franciscan Friary Churchyard* in Galway. * Fr. M. Holland writes on 8 June 2005 from The Abbey Galway, galwayabbey@eircom.net, "I regret to say that the tomb you refer to is no longer in existence." (8) The Francisan Friary referred to is actually located in the heart of Galway City and is now situated on Francis Street. St. Stephen's Island where the courthouse is now was the location of the medieval friary. There are no substantial remains of the buildings, but an interesting collection of medieval tombstones can be seen in the present friary garden. Name: Abbey (The) Old Franciscan Friary; Address: 8 St. Francis Street, Galway, Ireland. Obituary Book of the Franciscan Monastery at Galway. SITE OF THE OLD FRANCISCAN ABBEY. GALWAY COURTHOUSE. * 1398.10 - DOMNALL O NUALLAIN was killed by the Galls this year. * 1406.2 - LAIGSECH O NUALLAIN, eligible prince of Forth, Aed O Tuathail, eligible prince of the Ui Mail, Bran O Broin, eligible prince of the Ui Faelain, and Domnall son of Tomas Mac Murchada died of the plague this year. * 1412.7 - The town of Galway was burned. * 1414.9 - Murchad O hAengusa, chieftain of the Clann Colcan, died in the month of August. * 1418.10 - Mac Con O hEtersceoil, king of Corca Laigde, his brother the Bishop O hEtersceoil and Diarmait son of Mag Carthaig Cluasach, eligible prince of the Ui Cairpri, died. * 1419.32 - Muiris O hAengusa, eligible for the chieftainship of the Clann Colcan, died this year. * 1424.4 - TADC O FALLAMAIN [O'FALLON], chieftain of the Clann Uatach, was treacherously killed by DOMNALL GLAS O FALLAMAIN [O'FALLON] in his own castle. It was Seaan Mag Ragallaig who first struck him, with a wood-axe with which he was splitting sticks; and a well-qualified son of this TADC was banished and this DOMNALL was made chieftain. That was ‘a stone in place of an egg.’ * The above seven entries were extracted from Annála Connacht. 1468 - Edward IV enacted a law against forestalling and regrating in Galway. It was also enacted that every Irishman shall take as a surname the name of an English town as for example Chester, London, etc.; or a colour, as black, white, borwn, grey, etc.; or an art of science, as carpenter, smith, brewer, baker; or from his occupation, as cook, butler, servant, steward, gardener, etc.; which name their issue shall use on pain of forfeiting his goods yearly until it be done; to be levied twice a year to maintain the king's wars, according to the discretion of the king's lieutenant or his deputy. 1473 - The Annals of Connacht and those of the Four Masters record that on Friday, 2nd June, the town of Galway was nearly destroyed by [lightning] fire, and incalculable damage suffered by the inhabitants. * 1473 - “23. Monuments and Inscriptions. 1. “The tomb of the ancient family of O'NOLAN, of Loughboy, is situate in the centre of the [Franciscan Friary] churchyard [in Galway] and bears the following inscription: - "This tomb was first erected in the year of Our Lord 1394, by the O'NOLAN'S of Loughboy, and is now rebuilt and ornamented by MICHAEL O'NOLAN, merchant Galway, one of the representatives of said family." (9) A terrible conflagration took place in Galway in June 1473, by which the town was nearly destroyed. * There is a Loughboy parish in Co. Galway that probably did not exist during the period of 1394. The Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny site was a residence of this O'HUALLACHAIN (NOLAN) Clan that does exhibit an ancient 800-1,000 year history prior to the year 1394. This quote is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 277. * 1500 - Jeffrey Lynch, Mayor; and James Lynch and Stephen Lynch, Bailiffs of Galway. This year a considerable portion of the town was burned accidentally. Richard Begge made free on condition that he keep an inn for strangers. DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN), goldsmith, made free on condition that he maintained ANDREW FALLON who is old and impotent. * DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) was married to JULIAN FALLON, daughter of ANDREW FALLON. This is the first reference to a goldsmith in Galway. No evidence exists suggestive of DONNELL O'NOLAN marking or stamping his finished product. The above entry represents an owner holding under feudal tenure. It was extracted from The Annals of Connacht: "The Annals" Tell the Story of Galway, and Galway Corporation Book A. “[1500.]-To all men to whom this writtinge comith, the Mayor, Baillevies and Comens of this hir Majesties town of Galway sendith grettinge in our Lord God everlastinge: Lettinge you to witte that for dyvers considerations and for erniste respecte that we, the said Mayor, Bailievs and Comens had to the request made by one ANDRAUE FFALLON, on the behalf of his doughter, JULIAN FALLON, who is married to DONILL OGE OVOLLOGHAN of this same town, goldsmith, and for the better relieffe of the said ANDROWE FFALLON, who is old and impotente, it is condescendid and agreid by us, the said Mayor and Bailyvvis and combrethern of Galwy, aforsaid, that the said DONILL OVOLLOGHAN shalbe acceptid, taken and receivd in to our ffredoms, and lik as and acordingly oure previledges and chartors, had and obtaynid of suffraynis Kinges of ancient (times). And by vertu therof we, the said Mayor and Bayleffes, with oure combrethern, have gyvin and grauntid unto the said DONYLL ffredome and ffre liberties in as ampull and lardg manner as we grauntid to anny other ffreman made by us and by thes presents we do gyve and graunt to the said DONYLL his ffredome and ffredom and ffre liberties as well within this town, as also within and without the fraunchies and ffre liberties of the same. And by these presents the said DONIALL shall and may ocupie the trade of merchandice and all manner warres in lading and discharding of his goodes, warres, and merchandice into forayn realmis and from thence into this town of Galwey, and after the transporting of the same to sell the said warres and merchandice and make sellis thereof as well by grosse as retaylle, and thus to use the ffredoms and liberties of the same town as all other ffremen doth without leat or truble of any person or persons, the said DONILL answering the Comons acordingly ther costoms acording his vocation from tyme to tyme. In wittnes whereof we the said Stevn Arture Lynch, Mayor, and ouer Bayllys, Jamis Linch and Nicholas Frenc[h], with the rest of our Counsaill, have set hereunto our signes.-[Undated.]” (10) * This quote was extracted from a Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 390-91. ** Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLVI. (1994), Mulveen, Jack: Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Wares, 43-64. ** Illustrations from pages 44, 45, 46, and 52 of Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Ware: Figure 1; Figure 2; Figure 3; Figure 4 with photographs of a Silver Chalice by MARK FALLON, 1714, and a collection of Galway Silverware circa 1725 by MARK FALLON and Richard Joyce. * 1500.6 - The Bishop of Derry, DOMNALL O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], a Friar Minor, died. * The above entry was extracted from Annála Connacht. * 1503 - “Edmond Deane, Mayor; CORNELL FALLON and William Kyrvan, Baylyvis, in anno 1503.” (11) * This information was extracted from a Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 391. MS 866: Trinity College, Dublin lists CORNELL as COLLONEL FALLON and is in the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLIV, (1992), Walsh, Paul: An Account of the Town of Galway, 61. * 1522 - “Stevne Lynch Fitz Dominick, Mayor; John French and JOHN FFALLON, Bailyvis, in anno 1522.” (12) * This information was extracted from a Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 399. * 1524 - JOHN FALLON, Baiylyife in the town of Galway. * This information is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 82. * 1530.21 - SILE daughter of O FALLAMAIN [O‘FALLON], wife of Cairbre O Birn, a charitable humane pious woman who never refused poet or exile, died this year. * The above entry was extracted from Annála Connacht. 1558 - Plantation of Offaly with English initially unsuccessful. 1563 - In an attempt to appease the most violent Offaly clans, Sussex gave grants of land to 29 O'Moore's and O'Connor's. * 1574 - Ricard Beg was the owner of Cloynecanyn Castle in the barony of Moycullen Co. Galway. * 1574 - MURROUGH MCSWYNE was the owner of Kyliskiegh (Kilskeagh) Castle in the barony of Clare Co. Galway. * 1574 - TIRLAGH CARAGH MC SWYNE was the owner of Cahirnefieke (Kiltrogue?) Castle in the barony of Clare Co. Galway. * 1574 - TIRLAGH MCSWYNE was the owner of Kiltullagh Castle in the barony of Kingestowne Co. Galway. * 1574 - HUGH MCSWYNE was the owner of Clogerowayne Castle in the barony of Kingestowne Co. Galway. * 1574 - SHANE MCCOLLE MCSWYNE was the owner of Raglas Castle in the barony of Kingestowne Co. Galway. * 1574 - DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN was the owner of Qwarown Browne Castle in the barony of Moycullen Co. Galway which includes the Barony of Galway. * The above seven entries are from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. II, Nolan, J. P.: Galway Castles and Owners in 1574, 109-123. The list for the Barony of Moycullen includes the Barony of Galway. Col. J. P. NOLAN cautions readers of this article that any surname beginning with Mac such as MCSWYNE could possibly denote the Burke surname. * 1583 - THOMAS NOLAN acted as sub-sheriff of Co. Mayo, and about that date he probably had acquired by purchase or mortgage land at Creevagh from Walter McTibbot (Bourke) of Crioch. * The above entry is from Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of Burke, NOLAN, Cuff, and Knox written by Martin J. Blake, 1909. 1583 - THOMAS NOLAN resided at (Creagh Castle) the Crevaghe. ANNATES FOR THE DIOCESE OF EMLY. * 1584 - Pardon to RICH O'HOLLIGAN. * The origin of the word HOOLIGAN may have derived from the family of HOULIHAN or O'H-UALLACHAIN. 1585 - THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe in Co. Mayo was given large grants of land (700 acres) as payment for acting as Clerk of the country. He also obtained lucrative licenses to sell wine and spirits throughout the West of Ireland. * 1585 - O’NOLAN of Galway was one of 67 signatories from Connaught who surrendered their Irish names and customs of inheritance and received their castles and lands by patent to them and their heirs in English succession. "THOMAS NOLAN of the Creevagh, in respect of his sufficiency to serve as a clerk in the said country, shall have the said castle and 3 quarters free." (13) * Historical texts that place the Creevagh in Co. Galway have failed to account for the Creevagh, Kilmolara, Co. Mayo or Walter MacTibbot's Castle of Crigh. The above quote is from the Indenture of Composition, 1585. 19 March 1589 - THOMAS NOLAN wrote a letter to Sir Richard Bingham, President of Connaught describing how a group of armed men left the Lehinch area and "... came up as far as the river of Clongowla or Ballenrobe, cessed themselves upon the Rochfords, Malods and Clannevallies (MacEnallys), and going thus in troops to the terror of the subjects." (14) 1589 - THOMAS NOLAN'S Mayo Castle besieged and attacked by the Bourke's. The attack was repulsed. * 1596 - THADY NOLAN, pursuivant, ordered to bring certain persons to Dublin. * "One of the Galway Nolan’s-THADY-was in the pay of the government and was a ‘pursuivant’ or state messenger who in 1596 was ordered to bring certain persons to Dublin. Bingham, the Governor of Munster, ordered the Mayor and Sheriff of Galway to assist THADY in his duties. The NOLAN’S survived the Nine Years War, the Rebellion of 1641, Cromwell and the Williamites, which in itself was testimony of their sagacity and tenacity…" (15) The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 291. 1597 - THOMAS NOLAN purchased Enniscrone Castle in Co. Sligo. ANNATES FOR THE DIOCESE OF EMLY. * 1602 - Pardon to DONELL O’NOLAN of Kilcowle. * There is a Kilcowle in Co. Mayo as listed in the Indenture of Composition, 1585. “The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel comprises the Archdiocese of Cashel with the Diocese of Emly and eight suffragan sees: Cloyne, Cork, Kerry, Killaloe, Limerick, Ross, Waterford & Lismore, and Kilfenora. The Bishop of Galway is Apostolic Administrator of Kilfenora.” (16) The above quote is from The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel. 2 July 1607 - THOMAS NOLAN, described as "of Ballinrobe" got a grant by patent from King James I "of the 4 quarters of Ballinrobe." After obtaining the patent grants of Ballinrobe, if not earlier, THOMAS NOLAN went into occupation of the new castle at Ballinrobe, for the old castle attached to the Mac William’s had probably even then become ruinous: every vestige of it has long since disappeared. Mr. Hubert Knox considers that its site was on the east bank of the river Robe, about where the iron bridge now is, but on the high ground. * 29 September 1610 - “Memorandum: That this day and yeare aforesaid the above named Maior and Sheriffes, with the whole consent and assent of the Corporacion, has elected and chosen CHARLES NOLANE, Anthony French Fitz Nicholas, Davy Bodkyne, Anthony Darsy, and Marcus Bodkyne Fitz Richarde, of Gallway, merchantes. Balliffes, in as lardge and ample manner as Domincke Lynch Fitz John Andrew, with the consent of his britherne hath elected Marcus French Fitz John, etc.” (17) * This information was extracted from a Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 462. 20 August 1617 - THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe re-granted by patent the castle and manor of Ballinrobe, with 4 quarters. THE STRAFFORD INQUISITION OF CO. MAYO (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15). BARONY OF BURRISHOOLE. P. 13. “Alexander mc Donnell, of Ballenamarogh-the qr of Knock Inedane until the year 1623, at which time he did mortgage the same unto JENNETT MARTIN and her three sisters, daughters of ALLIN MARTIN, of Galway, merchant.” * 18 June 1628 - THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe died. GREGORY NOLAN, reportedly the eldest son of THOMAS NOLAN, continued this family’s succession at Ballinrobe Castle. [The eldest son reportedly is GREGORY NOLAN, but JOHN NOLAN of Enniscrone Castle in Co. Sligo may be the older sibling.] * William Betham’s will abstract for THOMAS NOLAN indicates the following: THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, 17 April 1628, Daughter ANNIE, and Wife ENESE [AGNES?] sister of GEOFFREY of NICHOLAS MARTIN. Ballinrobe is situated on the River Robe at the heart of the lake district of South Mayo. Ballinrobe Castle was located where the ruins of Cavalry Barracks stand. The above three entries are from Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of Burke, NOLAN, Cuff, and Knox written by Martin J. Blake, 1909. 1632-33 - GEOFFREY MARTIN, Mayor of Galway. THE STRAFFORD INQUISITION OF CO. MAYO (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15). BARONY OF KILMAINE. P. 48. “NICHOLAS MARTIN, of Galway-the town and 4 qrs of Moynyfallaghteris, viz. the qr of Nollbriene; the qr of Cahirchristeene; the qr of Atywalter; and the qr of Garryduffe. Said NICHOLAS did in January 1632[3] purchase of Moyler Bourck the said castle and 3 qrs of land of Moycharra, viz. the qr of Knockanefreighane; the qr of Carrowen Legane; [62V] and the qr of Balloghboy; and also the qr of Carrowmoreinninterbruine for the consideration of £400. Margaret ny Rory, mother of the said Moyler enjoyeth the 3 parts of the issues of the said 4 qrs of land during her life.” P. 52. “Said Walter-3 qrs of Ultanagh, viz. the qr of Rathhape; the qr of Rathnembranagh; and the qr of Lissinargidd, until about 11 years since he did mortgage the same unto NICHOLAS MARTIN, of Galway, merchant, and his heirs for £180 st.-.” BARONY OF CLANMORRIS. P. 98. “GILES MARTIN, (1) daughter of FRANCIS MARTIN, deceased-the moiety of the 4 qrs of Ballyglasse; the moiety of the qr of Killeruagh; and the moiety of ½ gnive of Fallneree.” (1) “GILES MARTIN, spinster (Harleian MS 2048, f. 465V).” CROWN SERVANTS: SERIES ONE: THE PAPERS OF THOMAS WENTWORTH, 1st EARL OF STRAFFORD, 1593-1641. July 1636 - 409 Copy. Petition of JOHN NOLLAN and Thomas Linch complaining that one Patrick French had leased Downell (County Sligo) of which he is the mortgagee, to others, though their own lease is unexpired. 1641-42 - JOHN NOLAN and family attacked and forcefully evicted from Enniscrone Castle. 1643 - JOHN NOWLIN living in Isle of Wight Co. Virginia. * 1643 - Vicars of St. Nicholas for the town of Galway: JAMES FALLON, JAMES FALLON and CONNOR FALLON. * This information was extracted from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 254. DOMINICAN ARCHIVES: DOMINICAN SISTERS OF EASTERN AUSTRALIA AND THE SOLOMON ISLANDS. IRISH CONNECTIONS. 10 September 1647 - “We trace our foundation in Australia to one established in Galway, Ireland on September 10th, 1647. These Sisters were exiled to Spain in 1651 and two elderly Sisters, JULIAN NOLAN and Mary Lynch, returned to Galway 35 years later to begin again, only to be dispersed 11 years later.” (18) * 14 March 1652 - "Received of Mr. JOHN NOLAN, Collector of the Barony of Tirawley, [Co. Mayo] the 14th March 1652. [3] being ordered by the Commander of Galway to bee paid into this Treasury ... 0075 06 06." (19) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. V, (1907-1908). Blake, Martin J.: Galway Corporation Book B., 140. * 1652 - Articles of surrender to Cromwell’s forces. A note of the town’s-men of Galway that refuse to sign. October 26th 1652. MARTIN FFALLON. A. FFALLON FITZ THOMAS. MARTIN FFALLON. A note of what town’s-men are absent. THOMAS OGE NOLAN. * This information is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, Appendix, xviii-xxix. THE CAREER OF FR. GREGORY FRENCH, OP. Part 1. December 1652 - “After the surrender of Galway in 1652, we find Fr. French, who had been appointed Vicar of the Galway Dominican Nuns by the papal nuncio, John Baptist Runicinni, Archbishop of Fermo in 1647, negotiating the reception of fourteen Irish nuns, including Sr. Mary French, possibly a relation, in Spanish monasteries. Sr. Mary Lynch and Sr. JULIAN NOLAN were eventually settled in the Convent of the Incarnation in Bilbao in December, 1652; for three months before their assimilation into the Spanish community, Fr. French paid four reales a day for their upkeep.” (20) * 1653 - GREGORY NOLAN'S estate was confiscated by the Cromwellian Government. * The above entry is from Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of Burke, NOLAN, Cuff, and Knox written by Martin J. Blake, 1909. * 15 February 1657 - "A Schedule containing a Survey and Valuation of soe Many of the Houses in the Towne of Galway, with the Gardens, Orchards and Edifices, and their Appurtenances, as are set out pursuant to said Additional Act." (21) Houses, etc./Proprietors in 1640, Irish Papists./Proprietors in 1657, Eng. Protestants./Yearly value, if to be let for years. A dwelling house, covered with slate, three stories, with a yard./Stephen Brown/Thos. Williams/7 10 0. Ditto, two stories-a thatched house backward, one story high, with a backside./THOMAS NOLAN/George Duffett/12 0 0. A dwelling house thatched, one story./Do./Christopher Skyppor/ 1 5 0. Two do./ANTHONY FALLON/George Laine/3 5 0. “Memorandum, that all the above mentioned premises are scituate, lying, and being, in Flud-street, Key-street, Midle-street, Little Gate-street, south side of High-street, and the lanes and parts thereunto adjoining, in the towne of Gallway aforesaid,” (22) * This information is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, Appendix, xviii-xxix. * 1660 - EDWARD FALLON made the Galway Corporation ceremonial sword. * "Galway Corporation Mace and Sword: In the Autumn of 1930 the 'civic' section of Galway was like a hive of bees just robbed of its honey. It was soon made plain that there was no robbery and that the honey did not really belong to the angry ones. For all that the citizens of Galway must feel the deepest sorrow and regret that those ancient symbols of their past glory should be sold away for money. Ninety years ago the defunct Corporation of Galway owed the last Mayor, Edmond Blake of Furbough, £8000 in salary: the citizens could not or would not raise this money but handed over their regalia instead to their creditor. He died in 1905 and left these treasures as heirlooms to his daughter. Both Sword and Mace were objects of great beauty and in excellent condition. The former was made in Galway in 1660 by EDWARD FALLON to the Order of the Corporation, all except the blade being of silver. The Mace was made in Dublin by John Clifton, a famous Galway silversmith, in 1709, to the order of the Galway Corporation, and weighs about 300 oz. of solid silver. Each item stands 4 ft. 6 inches high. It appears that the National Museum of Ireland had the option to purchase but declined. No such option was given to any representative body in Galway. When shall we have a museum fit to house such treasures?" (23) The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XV, (1931-33), Anonymous: Galway Corporation Mace and Sword [note], 83-84. * 1661 - "PATRICK NOLAN got Ballybanagher Castle near Tuam; and lands (813 acres) at Turlaghanbally." (24) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. V, (1907-1908), No. IV. Kelly, Richard J.: The Forfeitures and Settlements of 1661: Lands in Galway, 212 and Ballybanagher (Ballabanagher) Castle is discussed in the below quote from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 42. "BALLABEANCHERE (Ballabanagher). is not even on the Ordnance map-its former existence was unknown to all but one old lady of the Parish. It was situated half a mile north of Corofin close to Ballibanagher House and just above the old flood line of the Grange and Clare rivers which meet near the ancient site of the Castle." (25) * 1669-72 - “St. Dominick’s Order*. Fa. DANIEL NOLAN, Pryor of this convent, Anno 1672, deceased; Anno 1669, built there a large chappell, and covered it with brick.” (26) * The above entry is from Roderick O'Flaherty's "1684 History of Connaught," 40. * 13 May 1679 - BARTHOLMEW FALLON found not a fit trader to stay in town by the Protestant leadership of the Corporation of Galway. * The above information is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. V, (1907-1908). Blake, Martin J.: Galway Corporation Book B., 92. * 2 July 1686 - THOMAS NOWLAN sworn freeman of Galway. * The above information is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XII, No. III and IV. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 61. * 4 October 1686 - "Ordered that PATRICK NOLAN be admitted to his freedom and sworn ut supra." (27) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XII, No. III and IV. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 80. * 1687 - GREGORY NOLAN gave a Silver Chalice (History & Photograph) to the Franciscan Abbey at Galway. * GREGORY NOLAN gave the chalice to the Franciscan Friary or Abbey of Clare (Clar) Galway, founded around 1260 but now a ruin, six miles from Galway city. The Franciscans abandoned it finally (through shortage of numbers) in 1860. Previously they lived in a small house erected on the grounds, and used as a church a part of the old building, which had been re-roofed. The Abbey or friary had been sacked and pillaged many times by the English, even as late as 1798. In the latter years, before 1860, the Franciscans commuted quite a lot between the Abbey in Galway city and Claregalway. ‘This chalice belongs to the Chaple of Clar’ that is the little church or penal chapel amid the ruins of the abbey. ‘Chaple’ was the only word that Catholics were allowed to use under the Penal Laws. Only Protestants could use the word ‘church’. (28) This information is from Fr. M. Holland of The Abbey Galway. The Tuam News: Chalice returns to Abbey 150 years after it was lost! Claregalway and the NOLAN Silver Chalice Photo. SILVER CHALICE. CLICK ON SMALLER IMAGES TO ENLARGE. * 1687 - “During the year 1687, multitudes of the former natives and their families flocked to the town, [of Galway] and were restored to their properties and freedom.” (29) * This quote is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 157. * 12 March 1687 - GREGORY NOLAN is listed as one of “the modern sixty burgesses during their respective lives,” and THOMAS NOLAN is listed as one of the “constituted freemen” of the town of Galway in the Abstract of charter of James II. to Galway. (30) * This information is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 158. * 6 May 1687 - "Then ordered that Mr. Mayor be pleased to write to Mr. Justice Dally, Mr. Baron Lynch, and Mr. Justice Martin or any of them that the Corporacion will imploy Mr. Ignatius Browne or Mr. GREGORY NOLAN or such of them as any of the said judges shall recommend to this Corporacion be imployed as Solissitor in renewing the Charter and that such of them as the Judges or any of them shall recommend shall be allowed, for his care and paines in presenting and sollisciting that affaire, the sum of five pounds sterling by the Corporacion and no more." (31) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII, No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 19-20. * 1688 - GREGORY NOLAN listed as one of the Burgesses of the Council of Galway. * This information was extracted from a Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 509. * 6 June 1688 - "That Mr. GREGORY NOLAN was sworn one of the free Burgesses of this Towne of Galway pursuant to his Majesties Charter. Then ordered that Mr. GREGORY NOLAN be imployed by Mr. Stephen Deane as Atturny for this Corporacion." (32) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII, (1925) No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 79. 7 June 1688 - “And impower our said Atturny in pursuance of an Act or Order made by the Comon Councell of this towne dated the 6th of June instant to constitute and appoint GREGORY NOLAN Gent. [ ] for us in his Ma[jes]ties Court of Exchequer and execute ye ejectm[en]ts now brougt in the said Court for ye poor howse, Gortnalower, Gortnagopoge, the Spitle or Leaper howse and severall other lands and tenements and likewise to constitute and appoint the said GREGORY NOLAN to be Atturny for the said Corporacion on any other suit or suits hearafter to be commenced or p[ro]secuted in the said Court, ratifying, confirming and allowing, holding firm and stable all and whatsoever our said Atturny shall doe or cause to be done in and about recovering the premises and every part and parcell thereof to be as firm and effectual in law, to all intents and purposes, as if we ourselves might or could doe if [we] were personally present and did the same. In wittness whereof we have herunto set the Comon [Seale] of the said Corporacion of Gallway, the seventh day of June Anno D[omi]ni, one thousand six hundred and eighty eight.” (33) The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS, Vol. XIII. (1925), Nos. I and II. Galway Corporation MS C. Rev. J. Rabbitte, 82-83. 28 June 1688 - "Mr. GREGORY NOLAN shall be imployed as Atturny for this Corporacion by Aldr. Stephen Deane Trustee for ye said Corporacion in his Ma[jes]ties Court of Exceheq[ue]r on ye severall ejectments already brought and hereafter to be brought in the said Court for ye recovery of the severall howses, lands and tenements belonging to this Corporacion, he the said GREGORY NOLAN being formerly concerned as Agent for passing the late Charter of this Corporacion and faithfully [dis]charged ye trust and being also a member of this Comon Councell, Now Know all men by these presents that wee the Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, free Burgesses, and Comonalty of this Corporacion of Galway doe hereby constitut, nominat, and appoint ye said GREGORY NOLAN for ye consideracions aforesaid our true and lawful Atturny in ye said Court of Exchequer for us and in our names and behallf to prosecute the said severall eject[men]ts already brought and hereafter to be brought in the said Court for ye recovery of such howses, lands and tenements as this Corporacion is out of possession of, and wee do hereby ratify and confirm all act and acts, thing and things, which our said Atturny shall lawfully doe in prosecution of the said ejectments or any other ejectments hereafter to be brought in our name. In testimony whereof wee have hereunto sett ye Comon Seale of the s[ai]d Corporacion at Gallway, the 28th day of June, Anno Domini 1688." (34) The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII, (1925) No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 80-81. * 4 July 1688 - "The question being put whether warrant or letttre of Atturny now read for impowering Mr. GREGORY NOLAN to be Atturny for the Corporacion in the Exchequer should pass the Seale or not; it was yn [then] voated and carryed in the affirmative that the same shall pass the Seale and accordingly ordered. The warrant of Atturny was then sealed for Mr. NOLAN." (35) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIV, (1928-1929) No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 2. * 6 July 1688 - CHRIST. FFALLON and THOMAS NOLAN "admitted to freedom of Galway according to Order of Common Council, on 4th July." (36) * The above quote and information is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIV, (1928-1929) No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 3-5. * 1 August 1688 - Fr. NICHOLAS NOLAN elected vicar of the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas. THE HISTORY OF GALWAY - PART III. THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF THE TOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME. Chapter XIV. 256. * “On the accession of James II. the Catholic clergy again assembled in the town, 29 and on the 29th March, 1688, the then corporation informed archbishop Vesey that his majesty had been pleased to grant them a charter containing, amongst other privileges, a power to elect a warden and eight vicars, and granting the rights and revenues belonging to the wardenship and college, and others in his grace's possession, which they requested he would forthwith order to be delivered to them, except the church and cemetery, during the pleasure of government. 30 On the 1st of August following, they proceeded, under the charter, to the election of the clergy, when father Henry Browne was chosen warden for the year; and fathers Henry Joyce, Michael Lynch, JAMES FALLON, John Bodkin, Jerome Martyn, NICHOLAS NOLAN and Thomas Lynch were elected vicars.” (37) The above quote is from Hardiman’s History of Galway. * 29 September 1688 - “Dominick Brown, of Carrowbrowne, Esquire, Mayor;” “Collonel Dominick Brown elected, first August 1688.” (38) 29 September 1689 - “Dominick Brown, of Carrowbrowne, Esquire, Mayor;” “Collonel Dominick Brown elected a second term, first August 1689.” (39) * This information was extracted from a Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 509. * 15 October 1689 - "Then ordrd yt (that) Aldn. Ambrose Lynch, Aldn. Stanton and Mr. Wm. Cleere to reporte unto ye next Councell when and how Mr. GREGORY NOLAN shall be paid ye sum of fifty pounds formerly ordrd for him with a relacon to all other pounds concerned." (40) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XVI, No. I and II. (1934-35), Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 69-70. * 27 March 1690 - "Ordrd that ye sum of fifty pounds sterg. be forthwith paid unto Mr. GREG. NOLAN, Agent for ye Corporacion, being ye gratuity formerly ordrd for him by Act of Councell for his greate care and pains undergone in taking out ye Charter, out of the Charter Customs coming due unto this Corporacion oute of the goods and merchandises alreeady landed or yt (that) shall herafter be imported and landed oute of ye five ships now in ye Roade of this Port as well imported as exported which shall be allowed the Chamberlin on his account by the Corporacion." (41) * The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XVI, No. I and II. (1934-35), Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 74. Three Seventeenth Century Connacht Documents. * 1 August 1690 - Fr. NICHOLAS NOLAN elected vicar of the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas. * This information was extracted from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIX (1940–1941), No. III & IV, Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS C., 164. 1701 - JULIAN NOLAN, prioress of the Dominican Nunnery in Galway, dies at the age of ninety. DOMINICAN NUNNERY. * “When the town was taken by Cromwell’s forces in 1652, the nuns, with their then vicar, father Gregory O’Ferrall, went to Spain. Two only of the number survived, namely, JULIA[N] NOLAN and Maria Lynch, who returned to Galway in 1686, by direction of John Browne, provincial of the order in Ireland. On their arrival, the former was instituted prioress, and the latter sub-prioress; a house having been provided for them in the town, the community soon increased, and, before the end of two years, was effectually re-established. In 1698 they were again dispersed. It was most deplorable, says the historian of those melancholy scenes, to witness the cries and tears of these distressed females, by which even their very persecutors were moved to compassion. The convent was converted into a barrack, but the nuns remained secretly in town, amongst their friends, under the direction of their venerable prioress, JULIA[N] NOLAN, who was released by death from all her sufferings, in 1701, at the age of ninety years, and was succeeded by the sub-prioress, Maria Lynch.” (42) * This quote is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 286. Early 18th century Galway smuggling. * ”Account of the holes and passages in the town wall of Galway through which brandy and other goods are conveyed into the town by night time.” (43) “A hole likewise broke through the wall where James Browne Fitz-Barth lives; formerly one NOLAN much frequented it.” (44) * The above two quotes are from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 179. 27 July 1716 - Petition for the Fortification of the [Infantry Barracks at] Ballinrobe. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. VII. Part IV. Fortification of Ballinrobe by H. T. Knox, 204. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. VII. Part III. (1911-12), A Petition for the Fortification of Ballinrobe, 168-170. GALWAY GOLDSMITHS. APPENDIX II. * 1725 - Brandon-Jones-NOLAN Chalice. * Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLVI. (1994), Mulveen, Jack: Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Wares, 61. * 1762 - MICHAEL NOLAN and NICHOLAS NOLAN sign an Address by the Merchants of Galway presented to Robert French, M. P., of Monivea. * The above entry is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XVIII. (1938), No. II, Some Documents Relating to Galway, edited by M. D. O'Sullivan, 170-182. GALWAY GOLDSMITHS. APPENDIX I. LIST OF GALWAY GOLDSMITHS, INCLUDING JEWELLERS AND WATCHMAKERS, REGISTERED IN THE BOOK OF THE DUBLIN GOLDSMITH'S COMPANY FROM 1784 TO 1817. * NOLAN, ANN. Main Street, Loughrea, 1784. * NOLAN, MORGAN. Main Street, Loughrea, 1784. * Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLVI. (1994), Mulveen, Jack: Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Wares, 59. * 1791-93 - HENRY NOWLAN, for stealing a pair of shoes, to be burned in the hand and imprisoned for a week. * The above entry was extracted from Law and Order In Galway. LANDOWNERS IN CO. GALWAY, 1870's. 10. Capt. JOHN P. NOLAN, address Ballinderry, Tuam, owned 1 acre. 49. ANDREW B. NOLAN, address New Park, owned 278 acres. 50. ANDREW O'K., NOLAN, address Gort, owned 650 acres. 51. JAMES NOLAN, address Ballymacurley, Co. Roscommon, owned 501 acres. 52. JOHN NOLAN, address Garra, Ballyglunin, owned 124 acres. 53. JOHN P. NOLAN, address Ballinderry, Tuam, owned 6,866 acres. 54. JOSEPH E. NOLAN, address Cloverfield, Mountbellew, owned 73 acres. 55. MICHAEL NOLAN, address Ballinacurley, Co. Roscommon, owned 293 acres. 56. MICH. NOLAN, Reps. of, address Ballybanagher, Cummer, owned 1,186 acres. 57. WALTER M. NOLAN, address Army and Navy Club, London, owned 1,852 acres. FRAGMENTARY ANNALS OF IRELAND. Annal FA 4. 583 Kl. The slaying of Feradach Finn son of Dui, king of Osraige. Now he was one of the three kings who went to heaven during the lifetime of Colum Cille, and this is the reason, as Colum Cille told Áed son of Ainmere: A great illness seized Feradach. Clann Connla came to storm his house, because Feradach son of Dui was of the Corcu Laígde (for seven kings of the Corcu Laígde ruled Osraige, and seven kings of the Osraige took the kingship of Corcu Laígde). Now, he had waged war against Clann Connla. And he was in his sleeping-place then, and his riches were all there with him, as it was customary for the kings to have cubicles of yew about them, that is, a partitioned place, for their bars and cases of silver and their cups and goblets to give service at night, and their brandub and fidchell games and their bronze hurley-sticks to use by day. Feradach had many treasures, and he loved them greatly; but he had acquired them by evil means, for he would not hear of much or little gold or silver, in the possession of either powerful or wretched in Osraige, without confiscating it to take away that wealth, to ornament those treasures. Feradach's sons came to his bed then to take the treasures away with them. ‘What do you want, sons?’ asked Feradach. ‘To take the treasures away with us,’ answered the youths. ‘You shall not take them,’ said Feradach, ‘for they were ill-gotten; I tormented many in gathering them, and I consent to being tormented myself by my enemies on their account.’ His sons left him, and he began fervent penance. Then Clann Connla came, and they killed Feradach, and took the treasures; and Feradach went to heaven. Annal FA 432. 910? Uallachán son of Cathal, eligible to be king of Uí Failge, died. THE ANNALS OF ULSTER, THE ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS & THE ANNALS OF CONNACHT. ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS. M1175.7. Donnell Kavanagh, the son of Dermot, King of Leinster, was treacherously slain by O'Foirtchern and O'Nolan. M1178.9. The River Galliv (Galway) was dried up for a period of a natural day; all the articles that had been lost in it from remotest times, as well as its fish, were collected by the inhabitants of the fortress, and by the people of the country in general. M1185.11. Dermot Mac Carthy, Lord of Desmond, was slain by the English of Cork. M1192.7. Donnell O'Brien defeated the English of Ossory, and made a great slaughter of them. M1373.12. Brian Oge, son of Brian O'Dowda, was slain by the Barretts. M1404.1. Thomas Barrett, Bishop of Elphin, the most illustrious man in Ireland for wisdom and profound knowledge of divinity, died, and was interred at Airech Locha Con. ANNALS OF CONNACHT. 1237.5. The Irish Barons came into Connacht and began the building of castles therein. 1281.4. There was another battle this year, between the Barretts and the Cusacks. The Barretts were defeated, and William Barrett, Adam Flemming and many others were killed. And there were two Gaels there on the side of Cusack, Taichlech O Dubda and Taichlech O Baigill, who surpassed all others in activity and sure aim. 1313.4. Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, landed on the shore of Ireland. 1398.10. DOMNALL O NUALLAIN was killed by the Galls this year. 1406.2. LAIGSECH O NUALLAIN, eligible prince of Forth, Aed O Tuathail, eligible prince of the Ui Mail, Bran O Broin, eligible prince of the Ui Faelain, and Domnall son of Tomas Mac Murchada died of the plague this year. ANNALS OF ULSTER. U1182.2. * {§LATE} DOMNALL H-UA H-UALLACHAN, ardepscop Muman, quieuit. M1182.2. * DOMNALL UA H-UALLACHAN airdespoc Mumhan do écc. 1182. * DONNELL O'HUALAGHAIN, Archbishop of Munster. M905.3. * UALLACHAN, son of CATHAL, Tanist of Ui-Failghe, was slain. * The above information is from The Annals of Ulster & The Annals of the Masters: 1182 & 905. PROGENITOR LINE OF THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN), BALLINROBE CASTLE, MAYO CO. IRELAND - PRIOR TO 1585 RESIDED AT "THE CREVAGHE" (CREAGH CASTLE) PURCHASING ENNISCRONE CASTLE IN CO. SLIGO AFTER 1597 DYING 18 JUNE 1628. TRIBES OF THE ÉRAINN - BASED ON CLANS AND FAMILIES OF IRELAND AND SCOTLAND: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE GAEL A. D. 500-1750, BY C. Thomas CAIRNEY, Ph.D. CHAPTER VII: THE ÉRAINN. "The Érainn were the second of the Celtic groups to come to Ireland, as discussed in Chapter II. They arrived from the Continent between 500 and 100 B. C., and established their La Tène culture throughout the island as a military aristocracy possessing superior iron weapons technology. They were akin to the Belgae of Southwest Britain, and were generally known as the Ulaid in the North, and as the Erainn or Desi in the South, although all the tribes of this ethnic group were known ultimately to be Erainn. The great Erainnian population groups of around A. D. 600, such as the Muscraige of Munster, gave rise in the Middle Ages to the independently branched tribal groups that follow:" (45) CORCA LAOIGHDHE [CORCA LAIDHE: Descendants of Lugaid son of Ith]. O Cobhthaigh (O'Coffey). O Duinnin (O'Dinneen). O hEidirsceoil (O'Driscoll). O Floinn (O'Flynn). O hAodha (O'Hea). O HAONGHUSA [meaning descendant of Aonghus or Angus] (O'HENNESSY) [shared the lordship of Clann Cholgan with their kinsmen the O’HOLOHAN'S (O HUALLACHAIN)]. O Laoghaire (O'Leary). The above information is from Tribes of the Érainn - Based on Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland: An Ethnography of the Gael A. D. 500 - 1750, BY C. Thomas Cairney, Ph.D. ANCESTRAL QUEST: CELTIC INVASIONS OF IRELAND, BY PATRICK LAVIN. The "Erainn (also known as Menapii, Bolgi, Belgae and Firbolgs) by annalists and historians, arrived after 500 B. C. They called their new home Eueriio, which would later evolve through the old Irish Eriu to Eire, and from Eire to Ireland. Claudius Ptolemy's map of ancient Ireland shows branches of the Erainn widely dispersed throughout the island, but with strongest connection in the areas around Cork and Kerry where they first settled. These tribes, more frequently called the Firbolgs, were, according to historian J. Rhys (1890), a seafaring people who wore breeches, wielded improved weapons and traced their origins to the goddess Bolg. Norman Mongan, in his well-researched book, Menapia Quest (1995), traces their origin to the Menappi, a confederation of Belgae Celts from north Gaul and the area now known as Belgium. Among the several tribes he identifies, were the Dal Riada of west Antrim and the Dal Fiatach of east Ulster. Both of these tribes, he believes, were granted Gaelic ancestry and thereafter identified only as Gaodhail (the last of the ancient Celtic invaders). Mongon suggests that many Firbolgs survived into early historic times as "tributary" tribes." (46) The above quote is from Ancestral Quest: Celtic Invasions of Ireland, by Patrick Lavin. CULLEN SURNAME ORIGINS PART III: O'CULLEN OF MUNSTER COMPILED BY JIM CULLEN. "The Corca Laoighdhe (Loigde, Loighdhe, Luighe) ... was an important early clan that ruled in Munster before the rise of the Eoghanact dynasty. They were of the Lugadian race from Lugaidh, son of Ith, an uncle of Milesius, and held their territory in Carbery in the west of County Cork. They are said to be the descendants of Lughaidh Laidhe (or Loigde), 22nd in descent from Ithe, uncle of Milesius. Lugaidhe MacCon, the grandson of Lughaidh Laidhe, was the 113th Monarch of Ireland from 195 A. D. to 225 A. D. The territory of the Corca Laoighdhe was approximately the diocese of Ross in southwest County Cork but they were later pushed further south [and east into present day Co. Kilkenny] with the rise of the Eoghanachta. The Corca Laoighdhe were likely from the stock of the Erainn people who arrived in Ireland about the 5th century B. C. Also known as the Menapii or Bolgi (Belgae, Firbolgs), the name of the Erainn people survived as the Old Irish Eriu, which then became Eire, the modern Irish form of the name of Ireland. The ruling sept of the Corca Laoighdhe was O'Driscoll while some other related septs were O'Coffey, O'Dinneen, O'Driscoll, O'Flynn, O'Fihelly, O'Hea, O'Hennessy, [O’HOLOHAN, (O'HUALLACHAIN)], and O'Leary. An early genealogy of the Corca Laoighdhe is cited as: Luigdech Loigde (for whom the Corca Laoighdhe is named), the son of Dairi [Doimtig] no Sirchrechtaig, the son of Sidebuilg, the son of Fir Suilne, the son of Tecmanrach, the son of Loga, the son of Eithlenn, the son of Luigdech, the son of Bregaind. Some of the early mentions of the Corca Laoighdhe in the Annals are: Flann Foirtrea, Lord of Corco Laigde, who died in 746; Maelbracha, son of Breslen, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 800; Bruadar, son of Dunlang, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 860; in 893 there is a note on the mortal wounding of the three sons of Duibhghilla, son of Bruadar (above), in the territory of the Deisi; and in 944 Finn, the son of Mutain, Lord of Corco Laighdhi was slain.” (47) The above quote is from Cullen Surname Origins Part III: O'Cullen of Munster Compiled by Jim Cullen. O'H-UALLACHAIN. "An early Clan Colgcan (Ua hUallachain) genealogy (Rawlinson): Mac Tíre Úa h-Uallacháin m. Cuiléoin m. Conchobuir m. Meic Thíre m. h-Uallacháin m. Fogartaich m. Cumascaig m. Colgcan m. Mugróin m. Flaind Dá Chongal m. Díumasaich m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail [m. Éogain] m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi m. Cathaír Máir." (48) The above quote is from The Tribes of Laigen: Leinster Series - Clan Colgan. HY-MAINE Clan Cholgaín and the sept of Ua-hUallachain were noted as being in the Barony of Lower Philipstown, Daingean area, once known as Philipstown, Co. Offaly. O'h-Uallachain (Clan Cholgain) members were dispossessed of their land in Hy-Maine (Connaught) moving into other areas of Ireland: Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny, King's Co. (Offaly), Mayo, Meath, and Westmeath. The historical evidence suggests that the sept of Ua-hUallachain and the ancestor of THOMAS NOLAN (Tomhas O'h-Uallachain) could have come from the Barony of Shillelogher in Co. Kilkenny. MICHAEL O'NOLAN of Co. Galway rebuilt and dedicated a burial tomb to his O'NOLAN ancestors of Loughboy after June 1473 that was first erected in the center of a Franciscan Friary Churchyard in Galway, 1394. The Loughboy referred to may have been in Co. Galway, Mayo, Offaly, or Kilkenny. It is my contention that this family of NOLAN'S descended from the O'H-UALLACHAIN sept living at Castleinch or Inchyolaghan in Co. Kilkenny prior to Strongbow (Richard de Clare) and the Anglo-Norman invasion. The close proximity of Castleinch or Inse Ui Uallachán, O' Holohan's holm, in the Barony of Shillelogher, Co. Kilkenny to the ancestral home of the UA NUALLAIN or NOWLAN'S in Forth Barony, Co. Carlow leads this researcher to believe that this family of O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) could be genealogically related to the UA NUALLAIN or NOWLAN'S of that county through the marriage of LANDABARIA, daughter of CATHAIR MAR, 109th Monarch of Ireland, who married CONN-CEADCATHE or Conn of the Hundred Battles, 110th Monarch of Ireland, who's brother EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of O'NOWLAN, the lord or prince of the "Foharta" in the Baronies of Forth in the counties of Wexford and Carlow. The discovery at Ballon Hill, Co. Carlow of “a huge boulder which appears to have been the capstone of a dolmen is said by archaeologists to mark the burial place of CATHAIR MOR, High King of Ireland in 177 A. D. and of many generations of Kings before him.” (49) The close proximity of this Co. Kilkenny family of O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) to the ancient burial site is significant when considering the genealogical relationship between the Co. Kilkenny and Carlow NOLAN’S. “Historians and archaeologists have described the collection of urns, and artifacts discovered there as being representative of nearly a thousand years of pre history (1300 - 500 B. C.)” (50) The above two quotes are from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, iii. It is a distinct possibility that this family of O'H-UALLACHAIN (NOLAN) migrated from the Castleinch, Athnowen, Co. Cork area to Kilkenny and then into Galway, or they moved to Hy-Maine, Offaly, and west into Galway and Mayo County. Table 1 of the Catalogue of Artifacts from the National Museum of Ireland Topographical Files of Appendix D: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage County Kilkenny lists a destroyed burial mound and unburnt human bones found at the Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny site. Correspondence in 2004-05 from Isabella Mulhall, Irish Antiquities Division, National Museum of Ireland regarding Loughboy burial mound and the Castleinch Medieval Jug are below with the donation of a plain bronze finger-ring found near Loughboy. Isabella Mulhall, IAD, NMI also discusses excavation of the Loughboy Ringfort and subsequent discovery of nineteen remains in 1998. 2004. "Loughboy burial mound: At least ten individuals were uncovered here when the mound was bulldozed by a Mr. Nolan in 1957. The burials lay E - W, 9 or 10 inches below the surface, close to one another. The remains were presented to the National Museum of Ireland on 19 August 1957 by a Mrs. M. Phelan, County Hospital. Unfortunately, no work has been done on the individuals and therefore, no date has been established. There were no known associated artifacts with the burials, which would assist with dating either. Nothing is known of the mound as it was bulldozed so rapidly (before an assessment could be done). Castleinch Jug: The Castleinch Jug is housed in Rothe House, Kilkenny City and for this reason does not have a National Museum of Ireland registration number. The jug was published in the Old Kilkenny Review Journal in 1977." (51) Isabella Mulhall, Irish Antiquities Division, National Museum of Ireland, imulhall@museum.ie. 2004. "Unfortunately, the skeletons from Loughboy have not been examined and it is not possible to determine sex/age etc. It is hoped that some time in the future, when necessary resources and funding are available, that these individuals will be examined. Because of the find circumstances of the individuals (found during bulldozing of the mound) much, if not all, of the scientific data associated with them has been lost i.e. the mound was not scientifically or systematically excavated. We currently have a team of researchers working on "The Unpublished Burials Project" here in the National Museum of Ireland and the Loughboy Mound has received a mention in their text. Owing to the absence of excavation information/contextual information for the skeletons, it was decided not to choose the Loughboy skeletons (or skeletons from similar circumstances) for analysis. The researchers/osteoarchaeologists instead chose to examine the human remains from over 100 other sites from where scientific data had been gleaned." (52) Isabella Mulhall, Irish Antiquities Division, National Museum of Ireland, imulhall@museum.ie. 23 May 2005. "The [Loughboy Ringfort] burials that were excavated in 1998 are currently housed in our Museum Stores in our sister site at Collins Barracks. They will not form part of our Unpublished Burials Project and this project essentially deals with excavations carried out by National Museum of Ireland staff over the years. Mr. Eamonn Cotter, who excavated the remains in 1998, is not an NMI staff member. Should you wish to consult his report on his excavation at Loughboy, you should contact the Archive Section of the National Monuments Division of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DOEHLG). (All their contact details are on their Website). This section is responsible for the licensing of archaeological excavations in the Republic of Ireland and house all the reports relating to such excavations." (53) Isabella Mulhall, Irish Antiquities Division, National Museum of Ireland, imulhall@museum.ie. APPENDIX D: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE - TABLE 1: CATALOGUE OF ARTIFACTS FROM NATIONAL MUSEUM OF IRELAND TOPOGRAPHICAL FILES COUNTY KILKENNY. No., Townland, OS 6" Sheet, Co-ordinates, Reg. No., Acquisition, Monument, Artifact. 068, Loughboy, 19 - 1957: 351, Presented to museum, Destroyed Burial Mound - Human Bones, Unburnt. DATABASE OF IRISH EXCAVATIONS REPORTS. The Database of Irish Excavations Reports also lists the remains of nineteen individuals uncovered at the ringforts of Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny in 1998. KILKENNY. 1998:362. LOUGHBOY. RINGFORTS. SMR 19:40, 19:41. 98E0219. "Testing and subsequent full excavation were carried out on foot of archaeological conditions imposed on a grant of planning permission by Kilkenny County Council to IDA Ireland for the construction of an industrial and business park at Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny. The conditions were necessary because of two circular enclosures shown in the area on the 1st edition 6-inch OS map but not now visible above ground. A report in the files of the National Museum of Ireland refers to the destruction of the two ringforts in the area in 1937, as well as the discovery of human remains. Test excavations were carried out under this licence in May 1998 by Sarah McCutcheon, during which archaeological features were uncovered. Full excavation followed in November 1998. The enclosures lay on two low knolls on undulating ground with a general northwards slope towards Kilkenny City, which lies c. 1.5 km to the north and is clearly visible from the site. Despite extensive exploratory trenching no definite trace was found of the more easterly of the two sites (SMR 19:41). The depiction of this area in the 1945 edition of the 6-inch OS map suggests that the landscape had been modified, possibly by gravel quarrying. This is borne out by the evidence of landfill in the area in the form of extensive deposits of loose stone in a dark brown, loamy matrix containing fragments of brick and modern earthenware pottery. The surviving remains of the most westerly site (SMR 19:40) comprise the base of a circular fosse enclosing an area c. 30m in diameter, with an entrance facing north. The fosse varied from 1m to 1.2m wide and from 0.53m to 0.65m deep, with a steep-sided V-shaped profile. The fill of the fosse contained a considerable quantity of animal bone. A secondary 'loop' ditch was also present, forming a subrectangular extension to the main site on the south, south-east and east sides. The only original features that survived within the ringfort were three charcoal spreads in the southern half of the enclosure. These contained some slag and molten metal, and close to one a fragment of a decorated bone comb was recovered. The latter compares well with Dunlevy's class C1, which she dates to the 4th-7th centuries AD. In addition a number of human skeletons were found, concentrated in the south-east quadrant of the site. These were uncovered immediately below the topsoil. Many were in a fragmentary condition, probably because of the destruction of the site in 1937, but it appears that at least nineteen individuals were represented. Several of the skeletons were interred in the fill of the fosse, indicating that they post-dated the ringfort. The exact date of the skeletons is not yet known. Eamonn Cotter, Ballynanelagh, Rathcormac, Co. Cork." (54) DATABASE OF IRISH EXCAVATIONS REPORTS. KILKENNY. 1998:363. LOUGHBOY. ADJACENT TO RINGFORTS. S505548. 98E0282. "The site lies in the townland of Loughboy in St Patrick's Parish, Co. Kilkenny. Two enclosure sites (SMR 19:40 and 19:41) are marked on the area of the proposed development. Test excavation by Sarah McCutcheon and later full excavation by Eamonn Cotter (see No. 362 above) established the presence of these features in the subsoil. This monitoring licence was for the stripping of topsoil in the south-east and north-east of the site, away from the enclosures. Initially work was carried out by Joanna Wren and John Purcell, and then Martin Reid took over the work and the licence. No archaeological features were uncovered during the soil clearance work. Incidental finds included a clay pipe bowl, one sherd of post-medieval pottery and one sherd of late 13th/14th-century Leinster ware, like that found at nearby Kilferagh (Hurley 1987). Reference Hurley, M. F. 1987 A corn-drying kiln at Kiferagh, Co. Kilkenny. In R. M. Cleary, M. F. Hurley and E. Twohig (eds), The archaeology of the Cork-Dublin gas pipeline. University College Cork. Joanna Wren and Martin Reid, c/o The Mile Post, Waterford."(55) Journal of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society, Vol. I., No. 4 - Castleinch Medieval Jug. Click Image to Enlarge. Castleinch Medieval Jug Photo 2. Castleinch Medieval Jug Elevation Photo. "There was one stray find recorded from the townland of Castleinch or Inchyolaghan in the adjacent townland to the north-east [Castleinch Castle]. This comprised an almost complete medieval ceramic jug described below: Townland: Castleinch or Inchyolaghan. Barony Shillelogher. Parish Castleinch or Inchyolaghan. 6" Co-Ordinates 29.50 cm from west and 1 cm from north. Registration No. Record. Find(s): Glazed pottery; Jug-Medieval. Acquisition Record: Description - Almost complete wheel-thrown jug in buff pink ware. The core is darker in colour and contains small mica flecks. A few dark grey pebble grits (up to 3 mm) appear on the outer surface near the base. Globular body with cylindrical neck. The latter is rilled externally. Rounded rim with raised ridge underneath. The rim is provided with a pinched out pouring lip. The strap handle, rectangular in cross section, bears marked finger tip impressions at the junction with the rim. Two lighter impressions occur at the lower junction. The handle is ornamental with three deeply incised grooves along its length. Base convex externally and the junction of wall and base is pinched downward by a series of spaced oval thumb impressions. The body bears an uneven sprinkled on copper green glaze which is yellow where the glaze runs thin, especially near the base. Height 24.50 cm; Diameter at rim 10 cm; Maximum Diameter 21 cm; Diameter of base 15 cm; Average body thickness 5 mm. The object was found on the site of Castleinch Castle at a depth of 12 feet." (56) The above quote is from The People's Millennium Forests. JRSAI VIII (1864-1866). THE JOURNAL OF THE KILKENNY AND SOUTH-EAST OF IRELAND ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol. V NEW SERIES 1864-66. Part I 1864. Proceedings: Donation of a plain bronze finger-ring found near Loughboy, near Kilkenny, 7. It is always a possibility, however, that Loughboy may have been in the "Lough Boora Parklands centrally located in County Offaly and 5 km north of Kilcormac." (57) It encompasses some 5,500 acres of cutaway bogland opening into vast parkland. "The area itself is the site of the former Lough Boora - now established as an early Mesolithic site of some 8,500 years ago." (58) The above two quotes are from Irish Midlands Ancestry: Offaly Landscape. OFFALY HISTORY & ARCHAEOLOGY: FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE 13TH CENTURY. ANCIENT TIMES. "About 120 A. D. Cathair Mor, King of Leinster, became powerful enough to be designated 'Ard-Rí Éireann' by the Four Masters in the Annals. He had ten sons, and the eldest, Ros Fáilghe ("of the rings"), was given the territory of North Offaly which today is known as Uí Fáilghe. From this Ros the O'Conor Sept is descended. They ruled the area until late in the 16th century." (59) O'H-UALLACHAIN, the Irish form of the name Holohan, is common to the Counties of Kilkenny, Laois and Offaly. The above quote is from Offaly History & Archaeology: From the Earliest Times to the 13th Century. CLANS AND FAMILIES OF IRELAND AND SCOTLAND: VIII. THE LAIGIN, 82-83. "The Clann Cholgan included the families of MacColgan, O’Hennessy and O’HOLOHAN. The MacColgan's (Mac Colgan) were chiefs of the territory around Kilcolgan in the extreme northeast of County Offaly. The O’Hennessy's (O hAonghusa) [meaning descendant of Aonghus or Angus] shared the lordship of Clann Cholgan (i.e., their clan-name was applied to the territory they possessed) with their kinsmen the O’HOLOHAN'S (O hUallachain). Their territory comprised the present barony of Lower Philipstown, a district adjoining the hill of Croghan, near Kilbeggan, and lying just east of the O’Connor's in northeast Offaly." (60) The above quote is from Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland: VIII. The Laigin, 82-83. OLD CROGHAN MAN - JUNE 2003 - DISCOVERED IN BOG - CROGHAN HILL - NORTH OF DAINGEAN - CO. OFFALY. IRISH DYNASTIES OF THE MIDE AND BREGA AREA IN THE 12TH CENTURY. UA HAONGHUSA (O'Hennessy) of Clan Cholgaín in northern Co. Offaly. DAINGEAN. "Daingean, once known as Philipstown, is on the Grand Canal 14 km east of Tullamore, and was the administrative centre for Offaly (King's County) until Tullamore took over in 1834. Five km due north of Daingean near the village of Croghan is Croghan Hill, an extinct volcano, which offers fine views of the surrounding countryside, with some burial cairns and Bronze Age earthworks." (61) The above quote is from Irish Midlands Ancestry: Offaly Towns, Villages & Places of Interest. KILBEGGAN, DAINGEAN, CROGHAN, KILCORMAC, CO. OFFALY. Croghan Hill, Co. Offaly Photo. Croghan Hill, Co. Offaly Photo 2. O'HOLOHAN AREAS OF IRELAND. COUNTY KILKENNY, IRELAND: HISTORY & TIMELINE OF EVENTS. * 100 A. D. - The Osraighe, a group of Munster people known as the Erainn, establish a semi-independent state within the territory of Laigin (Leinster) in the present County Kilkenny. “Kilkenny County forms much of what was known as the kingdom of Ossory. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210.“ (62) * The above quote is from Old Irish Kingdoms: A Supplement to Ireland History In Maps. 460 A. D. - The neighbouring tribe of the Deisi [Erainn], [from Waterford], aided by the Corca Laighde, [from Cork], conquer South Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca-Laighde chiefs rule in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs. The above timeline of events for Co. Kilkenny supports my contention that this family of NOLAN'S descended from the O'H-UALLACHAIN sept living at Castleinch or Inchyolaghan in County Kilkenny prior to Strongbow (RICHARD DE CLARE) and the Anglo-Norman invasion. THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN) of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, Ireland appears to have descended from this small sept of O'NUALLAIN belonging to the Corca Laidhe group that originally settled in County Cork and Kerry. These events also fit with the marriage of LANDABARIA, daughter of CATHAIR MAR, 109th Monarch of Ireland, who married CONN-CEADCATHE or Conn of the Hundred Battles, 110th Monarch of Ireland, who's brother EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of O'NOWLAN, the lord or prince of the "Foharta" in the Baronies of Forth in the counties of Wexford and Carlow. An interesting archaeological find "in the townland of Castleinch, or Inchyolaghan, in the parish of Castleinch, 4 km south-west of Kilkenny City" (63) was the discovery of "a partially truncated fulacht fiadh with stratified burnt mound continuing east of the area of excavation. The site contained two troughs, a possible working surface, a mound of unused boiling stones, a buried sod and a smaller boiling pit. The underlying limestone bedrock was covered by yellow/brown boulder clay, with areas of iron-panning. Trough A was to the north-west of the site and was an irregular ovoid or pear-shaped pit with vertical north and east sides, a straight, steep southern side and a flat base. It was 1.1m long, 0.75m wide and 0.5m deep, orientated north-east/south-west, but was possibly recut and may have originally been circular or square. It contained a primary silting of fine, grey sand with charcoal, sealed by large, sub-rounded stones (sandstone cobbles: 20% fire-cracked) and fragmented cattle bone in grey/black, silty sand, possibly representing the last firing of this trough. This in turn was sealed by an upper backfill of burnt mound material. Trough B was 3m south-east of, and post-dated, Trough A. It was a shallow, subrectangular pit with square profile and flat base, measuring 1.8m+ in excavated length, 1.5m in width and 0.25m in depth. Four post-holes and two stake-holes were cut into the base of this trough around the western edge in an irregular pattern, and two were cut across the centre, possibly representing the staves or sails of a decayed or removed wooden lining. Each post-hole was filled by a grey/black, silty clay with fire-cracked stone and charcoal. All these cuts had tapering profiles, suggesting that the uprights they contained were sharpened. The trough was filled by a single, uniform backfill of burnt mound material, the basal part of which was substantially wetter than the upper part, suggesting that the trough successfully cut below the water-table. An oval pit with concave profile was found north of Trough B, within the area of the burnt mound. It was over 0.6m long, 0.5m wide and 0.2m deep, orientated east-west. It contained a dark grey/brown, sandy silt clay with occasional fire-cracked stone, charcoal and gravel and produced a possible bronze swan-necked pin. A scattered area of similar-sized, partially heat-affected sandstone (with very occasional limestone measuring less than 0.2m) represented a collection of unused boiling stones (C18). The stone, selected for geology and size, was heated but not cracked through contact with cold water and therefore either not used in the boiling process or used only once in the latter stages of the simmering process and not reused. An intermittent layer of mid-brown, silty clay (C19) lay north-east of the stone scatter and represented a soil dump, possibly associated with a residual buried sod, measuring 2m in exposed length, 1.5m in width and 0.1m in depth. A possible platform or working surface was found to the east of Trough B, covering C18 and C19. The surface consisted of a compacted area of redeposited, natural boulder clay with occasional charcoal flecks, measuring 4m in exposed length, 3m in exposed width and 0.2m in depth. The partly truncated oblong and concave mound sealed these features and continued under the baulk to the west. The mound (which was not visible before excavation) covered an area of over 10m north-south, 7m+ east-west, with a truncated depth of 0.45m, and was made up of fire-cracked sandstone (0.1-0.25m in individual diameter), charcoal and silt. Within the top of the mound were isolated lenses of dark grey clay, 0.1m thick. These and the mound were sealed by a layer of compacted, grey/brown, friable, silty sand with charcoal, gravel and fire-cracked stone, 3m in diameter, 0.1m deep, possibly representing a buried sod line or soil dump." (64) The above two quotes are from Excavations: Database of Irish Excavation Reports. "Fulachta fiadh were an integral part of the prehistoric landscape in Ireland, they provide significant evidence of activity in areas with little artifact deposition. They also form the biggest number of a single prehistoric monument in Ireland and over the years have generated much interest in the archaeological world. Yet the purpose of fulachta fiadh is still unclear even though many major studies have been undertaken on them. Nearly 50 years ago some experimental archaeology was conducted to support a theory that fulachta fiadh were cooking sites (O’Kelly, 1954). This particular experiment proved very successful but, many people still refused to accept that the sole purpose of a fulacht fian was to cook. In 1987 it was argued that fulachta fiadh were used as bathing sites similar in a sense to a Roman or Turkish bath (Barfield and Hodder, 1987). In 1991 some observations were published highlighting the fact that fulachta fiadh are exceedingly suitable for textile production (Jeffery, 1991). More recently in East Anglian Fens, Jo Roberts has found evidence that in England at least fulachta fiadh have been used as burial sites and may have had some ritual purpose. She uncovered a “burnt mound with a crouched inhumation?"(Roberts, 1998)." (65) The above quote is from Fulachta Fiadh – An Irish Mystery. KILKENNY CITY. LOUGHBOY: DARK GREEN SHADED AREA (LOWER RIGHT). TOWNLANDS OF COUNTY KILKENNY, IRELAND. Townland, Acres, Barony, Parish, PLU in 1857. Loughboy, 109, Shillelogher, St. Patrick's, Kilkenny. Castleinch or Inchyolaghan, 447, Shillelogher, Castleinch, Kilkenny. Map of the Baronies and Civil Parishes of County Kilkenny. The ancestor of THOMAS NOLAN (Tomhas O'h-Uallachain) must certainly be UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of Clan Colgan. His descendants undoubtedly migrated to County Galway after being ousted from their residence of "Castleinch or Inchyolaghan or in Irish "Caisleán na hInse" meaning "the castle of the holm" or "Inse Ui Uallachán" meaning "O' Holohan's holm" (Kilkenny Archaeological Society p.178) [with] "Inch" or "Inis" [meaning], an island; a low meadow along a river (Joyce 1856, 52). Castleinch was an important fief in the barony (Nolan and Whelan 1990, 77). The parish [of Castleinch] contains 448 acres. The ancient church surrounded by the churchyard is in ruins. A modern Protestant churchyard, now long closed to divine service, is by the site and encloses the tombs of the Earls of Desart in a sad state of neglect. The ruined castle is in the opposite side of the road from the church." (66) The above quote is from The People's Millennium Forests. Map of Ireland c. 1200: Norman Invasion -Territories - Surnames. "Following the death of Dermot MacMurrough in 1171, the Irish King of Leinster, the Anglo-Norman leader Strongbow (Richard de Clare) became the Lord of Leinster (which now included Ossory) through his marriage to Dermot's daughter. Strongbow initiated grants of land to some of his followers, including Miles Fitz David (the cantred of Iverk), Adam de Hereford (the cantred of Aghaboe), and Griffin fitz William (likely the cantred of Knocktopher). In 1192 William Marshall succeeded Strongbow as Lord of Leinster and continued the process of land grants within the province. Most of central Ossory was shared among William's knights. Geoffrey FitzRobert was given the cantred of Kells; Thomas FitzAnthony, the cantred of Ogenti; John de Erlee in succession to Baldwin de Hamptonsford, the cantred of Erley; and William Marshall retained the cantreds of Callan and Kilkenny for his own. The other cantreds were divided among a number of lesser knights as well as to the bishop of Ossory. The cantred of Shillelogher was divided among the families of Grace (le Gros) of Tullaroan, St Leger of Tullaghanbrogue, de Valle of Ballybur and Castleinch, fitz Gerald of Burnchurch, and Avenal of Kilferagh." (67) The above quote is from Ossory to the County of Kilkenny Ireland. The ancestor file of UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of Clan Colgan up to and including MUGRON of Clan Colgan, ancestor of O'H-UALLACHAIN or HOOLAHAN, can be found at Human Family Project: O'H-UALLACHAIN. A more detailed ancestor tree of UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of Clan Colgan can be found at: Human Family Project - 1339. The Barony of Shillelogher in County Kilkenny is located on the below map of the Baronies of Leinster close to the ancestral home of the O'NOLAN'S: Carlow and Forth. Map of the Baronies of Leinster. CATHAIR MAIR & HIS DESCENDANTS. O'CONNOR, O'DEMPSEY, O'H-UALLACHAIN, O'HENNESSY, OULAHAN, O'MADDEN, HOOLAHAN, NOLAN, & OTHERS. CATHAIR MAR, CATHAIR MOR, or CATHIRE MOR 109th Monarch of Ireland, King of Leinster had a daughter LANDABARIA who married CONN-CEADCATHE or Conn of the Hundred Battles, 110th Monarch of Ireland, who's brother EOCHA FIONN FOHART was ancestor of O'NOWLAN, the lord or prince of the "Foharta" in the Baronies of Forth in the counties of Wexford and Carlow. O'CONNOR. ROS FAILGEACH or ROSSA FAILGHEACH O'CONNOR FALEY, HY-FAILGEAGH, Lord of Offaley, AKA: Abounding with Rings, son of the 109th Monarch of Ireland. NATHI, Lord of Offaley: his son. EOGHAN or EOGAIN BRUIGHNIGH, Lord of Offaley: his son. CATHAL or CATHAIR, Lord of Offaley: his son. MAOLUMBA, Lord of Offaley: his son. FORANAN, Lord of Offaley: his son. O'DEMPSEY. CONGAL, Chief of Clanmaliere, Lord of Offaley: his son. DIOMUSACH, O'DIOMASAIGHE or O'DEMPSEY, Chief of Clanmaliere, AKA: Ancestor of O'Diomusaigh, Ancestor of O'Dempsey, Ancestor of Dempsey: his son. FLANN DA CONGALL, Chief of Clanmaliere: his son. Medical and genetic research into Idiopathic Torsion Dystonia (ITD) suggests its primary manifestation is through paternal inheritance. GENATLAS: Gene Database does have TOR1A (DYT1) early-onset Dystonia listed as Y-linked. DYT7 is also Y-linked. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught has a genetic history of Dystonia. The video of a handcuffed disabled man with Dystonia, JOHN DEMPSEY, tasered by Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Kamloops, B. C., RCMP Watch, 10 March 2008, supports the genealogical and genetic relatedness of these two Irish septs: O'Diomasaighe (O'DEMPSEY) and O'Huallachain (O'NOLAN). DUNNE (O’Doinn) (O’Doyne) is also an Irish surname. The Dunn Sept of County Laois & Kildare is a prominent branch of the Ui Failghe, (Ophaley or Offaly), which branched into the O’Diomasach (O’DEMPSEY) and O’DUNNE. An article in the 16 June 2008 edition of the Detroit News focused on JASON DUNN and his battle with early-onset childhood dystonia, which links these three Irish septs genealogically and genetically: Clann Colgcan (Cholgaín) (Ua HUALLACHAIN), Clann Máellugra (O'DEMPSEY), and the Uí Riacáin (O'DUNNE). O'H-UALLACHAIN, HOOLAHAN, O'NOLAN, (NOLAN). MUGRON of Clan Colgan, Ancestor of O'H-UALLACHAIN or Hoolahan: his son. COLGAN of Clan Colgan: his son. CUMASCACH or CUMASGAIGH of Clan Colgan: his son. AONGUS of Clan Colgan, Macaongusa: his son; had a brother FOGARTHACH. DONALL or DONALD of Clan Colgan: his son. TEIDGE or TIADHG of Clan Colgan: his son. UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of Clan Colgan: his son; a quo NOLAN. O'HENNESSY. TEIGE, Clan Colgan: son of UALLACHAN or NUALLAIN of Clan Colgan. UALLACHAN, Clan Colgan: his son. AODH of Clan Colgan: his son. DONALL MAC AONGUSA, Ancestor of Hennessy's of King's County: his son. ANGUS O'HENNESSY, Archdeacon of Drumcliff, Co. Sligo, Ireland: his son. IRISH PEDIGESS, 487-88. HOOLAHAN (No. 2) OF CLAN COLGAN, KING'S COUNTY. Arms: Gu. a lion ramp, ar. armed and langued as between two sword points upwards of the second, pommels and hills or, one in bend dexter, the other in bend sinister. MUGRON, a brother of Cineth who is No. 99 on the "Dempsey" pedigree, was the ancestor of O'h-Uallachain, of Clan Colgan; anglicised Holahan, and Hoolahan. 99. MUGRON: son of Flann Da Conghal. 100. COLGAN: his son. 101. CUMASCACH: his son. 102. FOGARTHACH: his son; had a brother Aongus. 103. UALLACHAN ("uallachan:" Irish, a coxcomb, a fop): his son; a quo O'H-UALLACHAIN of Clan Colgan. 104. MACTIRE: his son; first of this family who assumed this surname. 105. CONNOR: his son. 106. CUILEANN: his son. 107. MACTIRE O'H-UALLACHAIN: his son. HOOLAHAN. (No. 3) CHIEFS OF SIO(A)L ANMCHADA IN HY-MAINE. Arms: Az. a tower or, supported by two lions ramp, ar, in base two crescents of the last, on a chief of the third three annulets gu. Of OULAHAN (a Branch of this family) the Arms are: Az. two lions argent, supporting a Castle of four turrets of the second, or in the centre chief point a cross gu. in base two crescents* argent, and in chief three annulets gules. Crest:* A domi-savage, handcuffed. FLANCHADH [FLANCHA], brother of COBTHACH who is No. 100 on the "O'MADDEN" (of Connaught) pedigree, was the ancestor of O'h-Uallachain: anglicised O'Hoolahan, Hoolahan, Oulahan, etc. * Crescent: The "crescent" is the distinctive mark of the second branch of a family, In this case "O'Madden" (a branch of "O'Kelly" of Hy-Maine, Ireland) is the head family. * Crest: See "Fairbairn's crests," Plate 10. O'Dugan in his Topography, says; "A rough fettering lord of distinguished valour is O'h-Uallachain." "O'Kelly" of Hy-Maine has this crest; and so have "O'Kelly," "Hollyland," and "Holyland" in England: a fact which would go to prove that "Hollyland" and "Holyland" are Houlahan disguised; and that "O'Kelly," of England, is a branch of "O'Kelly" of Hy-Maine. For another crest of "O'Kelly" of Hy-Maine, see Burke's "General Armory." *O'h-Uallachain: After this family was disposed of their territory in Hy-Maine, in Connaught, branches of them settled in Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny, King's County, Mayo, Meath, and Westmeath; and assumed one or other of the following surnames: Colaghan, Coolscan, Coolaghan, Halahan, Halegan, Halligan, Holsban, Holhans, Holligane, Holighan, Holland, Holligan, Hoolaghan, Hoolaghane, Hoolahan, Houlaghan, Houlaghane, Houlahan, Howlegan, Howlan, Hulegan, Huolaghane, Olehan, Oulahan, Oullaghan, Oullahan, Woolahan, and Merrie, Merry, FitzMerry, Mac-Merry, NOLAN (of Mayo), NOLAND (in England), Proud, Proude, Soople, Suple, Supple, Vain, Vane, Whelton, and Wilton. 100. FLANCHADH: son of Maoldun (or Maoldubhan). 101. FLANN: his son. 102. UALLACHAN ("uallach:" Irish, proud, haughty, merry, supple, vain): his son: a quo O'H-UALLACHAIN. 103. IOMROSAN: his son. 104. CARTMIL: his son. 105. LAIDIR ARA: his son. 106. DUILLESBHAR: his son. 107. LUCHD: his son. 108. LOGACH: his son. 109. LUGHACH LEATHFEARG: his son. 110. BROMANSUTAL FIONN: his son. 111. BRUITHE: his son. 112. BRANDABHACH BEULDEARG: his son. 113. IODNAOIDHE: his son. 114. FEARMUIN: his son. 115. COLUMAN: his son. 116. UMHAN: his son. 117. FIONNACHTACH: his son. 118. BRANGAILE: his son. 119. ROA: his son. 120. FLIUCHGAILE: his son. 121. CORCRANN: his son. 122. DUBHDHAR: his son. 123. WILLIAM O'HUOLAGHANE: his son. (68) The above information is from Irish Pedigrees, 487-88. The quote below is from Irish Pedigrees, 858. "O'H-UALLACHAIN - MACUALLACHAIN, MACCUOLAHAN, CUOLAHAN, NOLAN* * This is not the NOLAN or NOWLAN family, which, at the time of the Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland, was transplanted from the county of Waterford to the county of Galway." (69) "... A branch of the NOLAN'S migrated to Connaught [Province] and became extensive landowners in Counties Mayo and Galway, in which counties the name is not uncommon to-day." (70) THOMAS NOLAN (Tomhas O'h-Uallachain) of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, Ireland appears to have descended from "a small sept of O'Nuallain belonging to the Corca Laidhe group. (Possibly the NOLAN'S of west Munster to-day stem from them). These, however, for some reason not apparent, were often called O'h Ullachain - thus in Lynche's De Praesulibus (1672) the two names are treated as interchangeable. In this connexion it may be mentioned that, according to Woulfe, O'h Uallachain is anglicized NOLAN in north Connaught. As KNOWLAN and KNOWLAND this name is noted in the "census" of 1659 as numerous in Longford and in the adjacent baronies of Co. Westmeath." (71) The above two quotes are from the Dunn Sept Association. GALWAY. CITY OF GALWAY. DESCRIPTION OF THE OLD MAP OF GALWAY. “And in the fifth, the armorial bearings of the families of FALLONE, Labarth, NOLAN, Quinne, Tully and Porte, with the following inscription underwritten: Conscripti cives hi gaudent legibus urbis, Quos falcit et fratres connubialis amor." Translation: Our common rights, these, late enfranchised, prove, And claim a kindred thro' connubial love. (72) The above quote and translation is from James Hardiman’s History of Galway, 1820 Chapter One at Description of the Old Map of Galway. The above words refer to the fourteen tribes or families of Galway. Late enfranchised most definitely relates to this NOLAN family, which did not become enfranchised under English law until the year 1500 with the change of status for DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN). Presumably, MICHAEL O’NOLAN could also be characterized a freeman since he has been described as a merchant of Galway, 1473. Connubial love meaning marriage relates to this NOLAN family through the union of DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) and JULIAN FALLON, daughter of ANDREW FALLON. ANDREW FALLON was obviously a freeman through marriage or birth into the fourteen tribes of Galway and petitioned the Corporation of Galway for freeman status for his son-in-law as described below. The son or grandson of this DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN), THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN), of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo also married into the fourteen tribes of Galway. AGNES MARTIN, the wife of THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN), descends from NICHOLAS MARTIN. The MARTIN family was one of the original fourteen tribes of Galway and claim descent from the Norman Crusader, OLYVER MARTIN. Incidentally, this MARTYN family was established in Devon and Exeter in England as early as the Norman Conquest as noted in the Visitation of the County of Devon, 1620 authored by Vivian, John Lambrick and published by Henry S. Eland, Exeter, 1895. The intermarriage of the MARTYN and NOLAN families in Galway may have occurred very early in the thirteenth century, which in turn may have given rise to the KNOWLAN (KNOLLIN) lineage from Exeter and Devon in southwest England. 1394 - The burial tomb of the ancient family of O'NOLAN is situated in the center of the Franciscan Friary Churchyard in Galway. * 1398.10 - DOMNALL O NUALLAIN was killed by the Galls this year. * 1412.7 - The town of Galway was burned. * The above two entries were extracted from Annála Connacht. MICHAEL O'NOLAN OF GALWAY - 1473; ESTIMATED BIRTH: 1410-1440. * 1473 - “23. Monuments and Inscriptions. 1. “The tomb of the ancient family of O'NOLAN, of Loughboy, is situate in the centre of the [Franciscan Friary] churchyard [in Galway] and bears the following inscription: - "This tomb was first erected in the year of Our Lord 1394, by the O'NOLAN'S of Loughboy, and is now rebuilt and ornamented by MICHAEL O'NOLAN, merchant Galway, one of the representatives of said family." (73) A terrible conflagration took place in Galway in June 1473, by which the town was nearly destroyed when lightning started a fire. * This quote is from Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 277. DESCENDANTS OF DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) & WIFE, JULIAN FALLON, OF GALWAY, 1500. * "3. The DeBurgo-O'Malley chalice dated 1494, now in the National Museum is believed to have been made in Galway. There are no makers' marks on this chalice, but it is possible that it was made by DONILL O'NOLAN, a local goldsmith. The inscription on the chalice reads "Thomas De Burgo et Granunia ni Malle me fieri fecerunt Anno Domini MCCCCLXXXXIV". (74) * Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLVI. (1994), Mulveen, Jack: Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Wares, 62. * 1500 - DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN), goldsmith, made free on condition that he maintained ANDREW FALLON who is old and impotent. * "Donell Óge" means Young Donell and has been represented as DONELL O'NOLAN, Junior. Thus DONNELL O'NOLAN, Senior may have been a nephew or brother to MICHAEL O'NOLAN, Galway, 1473. DONNELL O'NOLAN, Senior may have even been the father of both men. The above entry represents an owner holding under feudal tenure. It was extracted from The Annals of Connacht: "The Annals" Tell the Story of Galway, and Galway Corporation Book A as shown below. GALWAY ADVERTISER. Did the Tribes of Galway speak Irish? The Old English colony and the 'mere Irish'. “James Hardiman, the historian of Galway, gave this account of the Tribes of Galway in about the year 1820: "From the earliest period, they were celebrated for commerce, and for many centuries were classed amongst the most considerable merchants of Europe. Their wealth was consequently great, and the ample landed properties, which they gradually acquired by purchase, from the native Irish, throughout the Province of Connaught, are now enjoyed by their numerous and opulent posterity. During the earlier periods of their career, they carefully avoided all connexion with their surrounding neighbours; in consequence of which, added to the circumstance of the town being so remotely situated from the more civilized parts of the kingdom, the inhabitants were necessarily obliged to intermarry amongst themselves, and in progress of time, their degrees of kindred so increased that they became, as it were, one family, and in many instances, it was a difficult matter to effect a marriage amongst them, without an ecclesiastical dispensation". Hardiman's narrative, however, requires both comment and qualification. It is true that intermarriage was very frequent, but the reasons behind it had as much to do with retaining property within the confines of the main families as it did with distance from 'civilization'. Furthermore, marriages were made, from an early date, with the native Irish. For example, in “Corporation Book A , a note appears in the minutes of the council in 1500 that at "the request made by ANDRAUE FFALLON, on the behalf of his doughter, JULIAN FALLON, who is married to DONILL OGE OVOLLOGHAN of this same town, goldsmith, and for the better relieffe of the said ANDROWE FFALLON, who is old and impotente, it is condescendid and agreid by us, the said Mayor and Bailyvvis and combrethern of Galwy, aforsaid, that the said DONILL OVOLLOGHAN shalbe acceptid, taken and receivd in to our ffredoms, and lik as and acordingly oure previledges and chartors, had and obtaynid of suffraynis Kinges of ancient (times). And by vertu therof we, the said Mayor and Bayleffes, with oure combrethern, have gyvin and grauntid unto the said DONYLL ffredome and ffre liberties in as ampull and lardg manner as we grauntid to anny other ffreman made by us and by thes presents we do gyve and graunt to the said DONYLL his ffredome and ffredom and ffre liberties as well within this town, as also within and without the fraunchies and ffre liberties of the same". [“And by these presents the said DONIALL shall and may ocupie the trade of merchandice and all manner warres in lading and discharding of his goodes, warres, and merchandice into forayn realmis and from thence into this town of Galwey, and after the transporting of the same to sell the said warres and merchandice and make sellis thereof as well by grosse as retaylle, and thus to use the ffredoms and liberties of the same town as all other ffremen doth without leat or truble of any person or persons, the said DONILL answering the Comons acordingly ther costoms acording his vocation from tyme to tyme. In wittnes whereof we the said Stevn Arture Lynch, Mayor, and ouer Bayllys, Jamis Linch and Nicholas Frenc[h], with the rest of our Counsaill, have set hereunto our signes.-[Undated.]”* (75) The distance Hardiman states the Tribes maintained from the native Irish was never as complete as his statement would imply. Although the creation of the Wardenship was a deliberate move to separate the ecclesiastical control of Galway from the Irish-staffed archdiocese of Tuam, in many other areas of life, the ruling families of the town mingled closely with their Irish neighbours and fellow townsfolk. In fact, as Seamus O Cathain pointed out in his excellent article Galway - 'An ancient colony of English' (Studies, 1940), "In spite of all the laws (discriminating against the non-English residents), the life of the town was too closely linked with the countryside, too dependent on it, to escape its influence. Not only did the town depend for its essential foods on traffic with the country, its trade was mainly a matter of exporting country produce - wool, hides, corn, and wood formed the bulk of the export trade - or of collecting that produce and preparing in the Galway workshops for export. As trade relations of this kind developed, we may be sure that the merchants saw to it that a good deal of this produce was paid for, not with money but with the commodities they were importing in ever increasing quantities - wine mainly, but iron also and salt, and...there was a very lively if underground trade in guns and other munitions". O Cathain points to an even more significant body of evidence strongly suggesting that the Tribes and their native Irish neighbours mixed more regularly than Hardiman implies - the use of the Irish language in the town. Although he observes that "Irish was never officially recognised" and "that the proceedings of the Corporation were conducted in English", from the general necessity of communicating with the tradesmen and 'unfree' townsmen, the Tribe families "probably knew at least enough Irish to carry on trade negotiations in that language." However, he argues that a strong case can be made for claiming that Irish was used more commonly and more naturally by the Tribe families than simply for business purposes. For example, there is the famous Ordinance of Henry VIII "enjoining the people of Galway to learn to speak English", which, taken together with the statement of historian John Lynch, in his Alithinologia (c. mid-17th century), "that the settlers differed in no way from the 'meer antient Irish' ", and "that they were as Irish as the old inhabitants, whose customs and language they adopted", certainly supports the contention that the Tribes used Irish in the course of daily life. O Cathain also draws attention to the fact - curious if Irish was not commonly spoken - "that many members of the great town families adopted Irish soubriquets such as Duff, Oge and Roe.. Many of them, too, used an Irish form of their names", and he concludes that this "is a very different matter from the use of occasional Irish words in the Corporation records". To the objection that these Irish soubriquets were "bestowed on them by the lower, Irish-speaking classes", he replies, "even if such were the case, why did they adopt them and use them in official business?" On the same lines, he notes the frequent Irish place-names found on the famous mid-17th century map, allegedly drawn for the Duke of Lorraine c.1650, such as "The lyon's tower, called Tor an Leoin"; one of the city gates "called in Sparra hier"; "Earl Street, or Sraid an Iarlagh"; "St. Mary's hill, called Cnucka in Tampeill Mirca"; "The whirlpool river, with the whirlpool, called Poultuofil", and "The salt lake, called Lough-an-Stale". "Admittedly", O Cathain notes," all these might have been simply the names given by the Irish-speaking classes, but why did the Corporation adopt them? Not for the Prince surely? What interest would a foreign prince have in such outlandish names. Could it not be argued that the members of the Corporation felt that the Irish names were the real names, the names in daily use, and that as such they should be included in the map?" Finally, in a note, O Cathain raises the perhaps obvious but generally neglected question, when did the Tribes learn to speak and write English? When they arrived in Connacht, they would have spoken Norman - French, and during the chaos of the 14th and early 15th centuries, Galway was virtually cut off from English influence. It is in this connection that Henry VIII's insistence that the people of Galway learn English finds its proper context. "For the furtherance of your weal, profit, and commodity, and the extirpation of all abuses, we command you to observe the devices ensuing perpetually.... "That the inhabitants endeavour to speak English and use themselves after the English fashion, and specially that you do put forth your children to school to learn to speak English." The clear implication of this command is that the Old English inhabitants of Galway were not endeavouring to speak English, nor were they much troubled to "use themselves after the English fashion". Furthermore, that the citizens were not over concerned with their children learning "to speak English". Even if the king was not altogether accurately informed about the condition of the English language in the town, it does not make sense to command something to be done unless it is, in fact, not being done. Thus, so far from the English language being the lingua franca of the town of Galway in 1536, the evidence suggests that it was primarily used for official purposes, such as the records of the corporation and council meetings. We may imagine the Tribe families speaking a polyglot form of Norman-French - a kind of 'franglais' - with a certain proportion of 14th and 15th century English. Latin, we know, was also used for many official and ecclesiastical matters. Finally, there can be no doubt that the merchants of Galway spoke and probably wrote enough Irish to conduct their daily affairs and business dealings with the 'mere' Irish among whom they lived, traded, worshipped and, increasingly as time went on, married. Seathrun of Dubhros The Galway Advertiser, 2/3 Church Lane, Galway. Tel. +353-91-567077 Fax. +353-91-567079 Newsroom Fax: +353-91-565627 E-mail: galwayad@iol.ie." (76) The above quote is from the Galway Advertiser: Did the Tribes of Galway speak Irish? The Old English colony and the 'mere Irish'. * The inserted paragraph is the remaining portion of this Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 390-91. ** Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLVI. (1994), Mulveen, Jack: Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Wares, 43-64. ** Illustrations from pages 44, 45, 46, and 52 of Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Ware: Figure 1; Figure 2; Figure 3; Figure 4 with photographs of a Silver Chalice by MARK FALLON, 1714, and a collection of Galway Silverware circa 1725 by MARK FALLON and Richard Joyce. The below paragraph is from an incomplete accounting of Galway by Geoffrey Lynch. Thus the date for DONELL O'HOLAGHANE [O HUALLACHAIN] O'NOLAN change in status to freeman is suspect in MS 866: Trinity College, Dublin from which the information was gathered. Fourteen years may not have been enough time for DONNELL OGE O'NOLAN to acquire the necessary wealth needed to be the owner of Qwarown Browne (Carrowbrowne) Castle in 1574. "This year [1552] Richard Beg was made freeman of this town upon condition to keep an inn victualling and lodging strangers. This year [1560] DANIEL [fol. 15v] O'HOLAGHANE [O HUALLACHAIN] NOLAN goldsmith was made freeman, as it seemed, during his natural life, for to sustain one ANDREW FALLON decrepit and poor, whose son-in-law he was by marrying his daughter." (77) The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLIV, (1992), Walsh, Paul: An Account of the Town of Galway, 64-65. “Clanricarde was granted, with some exceptions, the whole of Connaught, but he never really owned this territory, even from the English point of view. The rights of the Irish chieftains were largely acknowledged, and also those of the various owners who held by feudal services from Clanricarde.” (78) The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 13. DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) OWNER OF QWAROWN BROWN (CARROWBROWNE) CASTLE, 1574. * 1574 - DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN was the owner of Qwarown Browne Castle in the barony of Moycullen Co. Galway which includes the Barony of Galway. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. II, Nolan, J. P.: Galway Castles and Owners in 1574, 109-123. The list for the Barony of Moycullen includes the Barony of Galway. www.castles-of-ireland.com. CARROWBROWNE. "Carrowbrowne was an early 14th century hall-house on the northern outskirts of the town of Galway." (79) In the eighteenth century, the castle stone became building material for a countryseat. The above photograph is of that building now in ruins. The above quote and photograph are from www.castles-of-ireland.com @ http://homepage.eircom.net/~rookery/castle16.html. * Given the pronunciation of Qwarown Browne Castle and the location of Carrowbrowne, it is a reasonable presumption that they are the same structure. Roderick O’Flaherty cites the two names as synonymous in the 1684 History of Connaught. Carrowbrowne (Qwarown Browne) may have been the property of Walter Browne, son of Philippus de Browne who came to Ireland in 1170. In 1172, Philippus de Browne was appointed Governor of Wexford. Walter Browne settled in Co. Galway. Sir Dominick Browne, of Galway, Knight, is listed as a Galway landowner in 1585. “Anastas [Darcy] married Sir Dominick Browne of Carrowbrowne, Co. Galway, and became the ancestor of the Browne’s of Castlemagarrett, Co. Mayo.” (80) The above quote is from http://www.14tribes.net/darcy.htm or for more information: Brown (e), de Brún, and Broun. Another account states, that "Sir David Browne, who was cotemporary with Richard de Burgo, the Red Earl of Ulster, that he died in 1303, and had a son, named Stephen, who settled at Killpatricke, near Dublin, from whence, after a time a branch of that house settled at Brownstown, near Loughrea, and thence branched forth to Athenry and Galway." (81) The above quote is from Hardiman's History of Galway, Chapter 1 - An alphabetical list and concise account of the ancient families of Galway. Qwarown Browne Castle was in the barony of Moycullen Co. Galway adjacent to the barony of Kilmain Co. Mayo where THOMAS NOLAN (TOMHAS O'H-UALLACHAIN) resided in 1583. DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN), of Galway in the year 1500, and DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN, owner of Qwarown Browne Castle in 1574, may indeed be the same individual, or DONELL OGE O'HOLOGHAN may have been a son and heir to DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN). In any event, THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe was most definitely related to this family. “Up to 1600, [once wealth had been acquired] it was impossible for a man of means to exist outside a fortified place. It was a choice between a walled town or a castle. There was nothing very unusual in this, except that small castles were necessary in the west of Ireland to a later period than in the greater portion of Europe.” (82) The above quote is from the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 14. * 1585 - O’NOLAN of Galway was one of 67 signatories from Connaught who surrendered their Irish names and customs of inheritance and received their castles and lands by patent to them and their heirs in English succession. "THOMAS NOLAN of the Creevagh, in respect of his sufficiency to serve as a clerk in the said country, shall have the said castle and 3 quarters free." (83) * Historical texts that place The Creevagh in Co. Galway have failed to account for the Creevagh, Kilmolara, Co. Mayo or Walter MacTibbot's Castle of Crigh. The above quote is from the Indenture of Composition, 1585. ANNATES FOR THE DIOCESE OF EMLY. * 1602 - Pardon to DONELL O’NOLAN of Kilcowle. * There is a Kilcowle in Co. Mayo as listed in the Indenture of Composition, 1585. “The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel comprises the Archdiocese of Cashel with the Diocese of Emly and eight suffragan sees: Cloyne, Cork, Kerry, Killaloe, Limerick, Ross, Waterford & Lismore, and Kilfenora. The Bishop of Galway is Apostolic Administrator of Kilfenora.” (84) The above quote is from The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel. THOMAS NOLAN, BALLINROBE CASTLE, MAYO CO. IRELAND - PRIOR TO 1585 RESIDED AT "THE CREVAGHE" (CREAGH CASTLE) PURCHASING ENNISCRONE CASTLE IN COUNTY SLIGO AFTER 1597 DYING 18 JUNE 1628. MICHAEL O’NOLAN, merchant of 1473 Galway, presumably can be characterized a freeman, therefore, his children would have been free at birth, however, his extended family could still have been mired in the feudal system: father, brothers, uncles, nephews, and cousins until the year 1500. Relatives of MICHAEL O'NOLAN and the children of DONELL OGE O'NOLLOGHAN (O'NOLAN) (O'HOLOGHAN)? * A. THOMAS NOLAN - Prior to 1585 resided at the Crevaghe (Creagh Castle) married AGNES MARTIN; Est. Birth: 1560-1570; Death: 18 June 1628. * William Betham’s will abstract for THOMAS NOLAN indicates the following: THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, 17 April 1628, Daughter ANNIE, and Wife ENESE [AGNES?] sister of GEOFFREY of NICHOLAS MARTIN. Children of THOMAS NOLAN and AGNES MARTIN: 1. GREGORY NOLAN reportedly the eldest son of THOMAS NOLAN. GREGORY'S heir was JOHN NOLAN of Ballinderry and JOHN'S son was PATRICK, who married a BROWNE of the Neale (Brownes were the ancestors of Lord Kilmaine). The eldest son reportedly is GREGORY NOLAN, but JOHN NOLAN of Enniscrone Castle in Co. Sligo may be the older sibling. A GREGORY NOLAN gave a Silver Chalice (History & Photograph) to the Franciscan Abbey at Galway in 1687. The Tuam News: Chalice returns to Abbey 150 years after it was lost! Claregalway and the NOLAN Silver Chalice Photo. 2. JOHN NOLAN - JOHN'S family was attacked and forcefully evicted from Enniscrone Castle, 1641-42; JOHN NOWLIN living in Isle of Wight Co. Virginia, 1643. 3. * CEACILIA NOLAN - Richard Bodkin Arminger marries CEACILIA the daughter of THOMAS NOLAN of Ballimobe in Connaught. * The Ballimobe above is possibly Ballinrobe. This reference comes from a Hawkins pedigree dating from the mid 1700's listed at The Butler and Bodkin family of Galway. THOMAS NOLAN purchased Enniscrone Castle in Co. Sligo after 1597 for his son JOHN and there is a Ballymote in Co. Sligo. CEACILIA NOLAN could also have been the daughter of THOMAS who had three sons - JOHN, ANTHONY and BRABAZON. 4. ANNIE NOLAN - William Betham’s will abstract for THOMAS NOLAN mentions his daughter ANNIE. 5. * THOMAS NOWLAN - GREGORY NOLAN conveyed, 10 April 1633, the Castle-town and lands of Clonkerry to his brother THOMAS. * The above information is from the Strafford Inquisition of Co. Mayo (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15), 65-67. 6. t JAMES NOLAN 7. t JOSEPH NOLAN t The information of JAMES and JOSEPH NOLAN are from a 17 January 2009 e-mail from WAYNE NOLAN of New Zealand. B. RICHARD NOLAN. Child of RICHARD NOLAN: 1. PETER NOLAN of Athlone, merchant. INDENTURE OF COMPOSITION, 1585. "Richard Barrett of Kyherrenan, in consideration of his service done at the said meeting [battle] of Shrule, shall have 3 quarters in the said Toae of Kyherrenan free. THOMAS NOLAN of the Creevagh, in respect of his sufficiency to serve as a clerk in the said country, shall have the said castle and 3 quarters free." (85) NOTES ON BALLINROBE, CO. MAYO AND THE FAMILIES OF BURKE, NOLAN, CUFF, AND KNOX written by Martin J. Blake, 1909. “At that period, in addition to the old castle at Ballinrobe attached to the McWilliamship, there also existed at Ballinrobe another castle of more recent date - hence called the "Newcastle" - which seems to have been the patrimonial property of another branch of the Mayo Bourkes - the descendants of "Shane na Termuin" (John Bourke of the Termon). In the list of 1574, "Richard McShane an Termon" is given as the owner of this Newcastle. I am inclined to think that both these castles at Ballinrobe were allotted or confirmed under the terms of the Composition of Mayo in 1585 to Sir Richard fitz Oliver Bourke, the then McWilliam Eighter. He died in December 1585, and the election of any new McWilliam was prohibited by the Queen's government. Sir Richard Bourke's son and heir William Bourke, on the 16th April 1586 obtained a grant by patent from Queen Elizabeth of the castle and manor of Ballyloughmask, and 13 quarters of land in Kilmaine Barony, but the castle and manor of Ballinrobe were not specifically comprised or included in this patent grant, and they seem to have been appropriated and retained as Crown property until the reign of King James I. On 2 July 1607 THOMAS NOLAN, described as "of Ballinrobe" got a grant by patent from King James I "of the 4 quarters of Ballinrobe" and on the 20th August 1617 the same THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe got a re-grant by patent of the castle and manor of Ballinrobe, with 4 quarters. This THOMAS NOLAN had acted as sub-sheriff of the County of Mayo in 1583, and about that date probably had acquired by purchase or mortgage land at Creevagh from Walter McTibbot (Bourke) of Crioch. After obtaining the patent grants of Ballinrobe above referred to, (if not earlier), THOMAS NOLAN went into occupation of the Newcastle at Ballinrobe, for the old castle attached to the MacWilliamship had probably even then become ruinous: every vestige of it has long since disappeared. Mr. Hubert Knox considers that its site was on the east bank of the river Robe, about where the iron bridge now is, but on the high ground. GREGORY NOLAN, presumed eldest son, succeeded his father, THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe who died in 1628, at Ballinrobe Castle. GREGORY NOLAN'S estate was confiscated by the Cromwellian Government in 1653, and was granted in 1655 by the Cromwellian Commissioners to James Cuff, who was one of those Commissioners. This James Cuff was Knighted on 12th March 1661 and was confirmed in the possession of the Manor and Castle of Ballinrobe as well as extensive estates in the Barony of Tyrawley, by a patent under the Acts of Settlement, enrolled on the 2nd March 1666.” (86) The above quote is from Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of Burke, NOLAN, Cuff, and Knox written by Martin J. Blake, 1909. In the Irish Rebellion of 1641-42, "the Catholic party had obtained possession of County Mayo; [and] Galway Town was doubtful" according to the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 26. (87) After the Norman invasion the power of the O’NOLAN'S declined, though they did retain considerable influence. "About the end of the sixteenth century, a THOMAS NOLAN resided in the County of May, [Mayo] Ireland. He had at least one son JOHN, and a brother named RICHARD, who was the father of, probably, among other children, a son named PETER NOLAN.” (88) The above quoted information from The NOLEN Story, by Jewel NOLEN. "In 1585 THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe in Mayo was given large grants of land as payment for acting as Clerk of the country. He also obtained lucrative licenses to sell wine and spirits throughout the West." (89) This information is quoted from Gary NOLAN'S Family Tree Maker Site. IRISH LANDED GENTRY, PEDIGREES, 159. "According to the Patent Rolls, 15* Jac, I., p. 1, THOMAS NOLAN (in Irish, Tomhas O'h-Uallachain), of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, gent., obtained a grant by patent, of the four quarters of land in Ballinrobe, for ever, which, belonged to the "Fryers' House, of Ballinrobe." Before the date of that Grant the said THOMAS NOLAN resided at "The Crevaghe" (now called Creagh), in the barony of Kilmain and county of Mayo. In the Indenture of Composition for that county, A. D. 1585, it was provided that he should have the Castle of the Crevaghe and three quarters of land thereto adjoining, free from the Composition rent, "in respecte of his sufficiencie to act as a Clerke in the said countrey." It may be here added, as a matter merely, coincident, that the next grantee of those very lands in the succeeding century, under the Act of Settlement, was Mr. James Cuffe, ancestor of the late Baron Tyrawley, and of the late (if not the present) proprietor of the Crevaghe, whose first appearance here was in the capacity of clerk or secretary to Cromwell's Commissioners of Transplantation to Connaught (see Hardiman's "West Connaught," p. 251). (90) RODERICK O'FLAHERTY'S "1684 HISTORY OF CONNAUGHT." Page 40. “St. Dominick’s Order*. Fa. DANIEL NOLAN, Pryor of this convent, Anno 1672, deceased; Anno 1669, built there a large chappell, and covered it with brick.” (91) Page 251-52. “On 2nd July, 1608, THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe, gent. obtained a grant by patent, of the four quarters of land in Ballinrobe, for ever.-Rot. Pat. 15*, Jac. I. p. 1. This THOMAS NOLAN, before the date of the above grant, resided at “the Crevaghe,” now called Creagh, in the barony of Kilmain and Co. Mayo. In the Indenture of Composition for that county, A. D. 1585, which see, Appendix I, it was provided that he should have the castle of the Crevaghe, and three quarters of land thereto adjoining, free from the Composition rent, “in respecte of his sufficiency to act as Clerke in the said Countrey.” This provision may be taken as a proof of the low state even of elementary education in the West of Ireland, at that period. To this may be added, as a matter merely coincident, that the next grantee of those very lands in the succeeding century, under the Act of Settlement, was Mr. James Cuffe, ancestor of the late Baron Tyrawley, and of the present proprietor of the Crevaghe, whose first appearance here was in the capacity of clerk or secretary to Cromwell's Commissioners of Transplantation to Connaught, as appears by the following order: “By the lo. Deputy and Councill. It is ordered that Mr. James Cuff be and is hereby appointed secretary to Sir Charles Coote, and the rest of the Commissioners appointed and nominated in a commission bearing date this day, for the setting out of lands to the transplanted Irish and inhabitants of Connaught and Clare. Dated at Athlone, the 16th June 1655. T. H. C. C.”-Orig. Council Book, Dublin Castle. On 12th April following, Mr. Cuff was himself appointed a Commissioner of assessment for Mayo, (Id.) where he afterwards acquired considerable grants of forfeited lands, and among others, of the town and manor of Ballinrobe, forfeited by the descendants of THOMAS NOLAN. The above THOMAS NOLAN was one of the first "English Tavern" keepers in Connaught. When the old Irish Biatachs (see Stat. Kilkenny, p. 4) and "Houses of Hospitality" ceased, they were succeeded by "English Inns" or Taverns. On 21st December, A. D. 1616, a license was granted to John Coman of Athlone, merchant, and THOMAS NOLAN, of Ballinrobe, Esq., to keep taverns, and sell wines and spirituous liquors. The former in Loughrea and all Galway co. except the town and parish of Athenrie, the town of Galway, and the barony of Killconnell; also, in the town of Burrysowle, and in the baronies of Moriske, Burrysowle, Irrus, Costellagh, and Gallen in Mayo co., in Athlone, in Roscommon and Westmeath co., in Ballymote and all Sligo co. except the town of Sligo, in Ballintobber and all Roscommon co. except the baronies of Athlone and Boyle, and the towns of Ardcarne and Elffin. To the latter in the town of Callow, and in the whole barony of Kilconnell, and in the town and barony of Kilmaine, in Mayo co. during their own lives and those of Barnaby Coman, brother of John; of JOHN NOLAN, son of THOMAS; of PETER NOLAN, son of RICHARD NOLAN, late of Athlone, merchant, deceased; and of Jane or Jennet Coman, daughter of the said John.” Rol. Pat. 15* Jac. I., p. 2 d. No. 58. This was one of the extensive Monopolies granted at that period, for more of which see ante, p. 240. Note 8. See page 52, note: Moycullin barony-Gnomore, Gnobeg.” In the document before referred to, p. 44, note *, preserved in the British Museum and entitled the “Division of Connaught, A. D. 1586,” Titus B. xiii fo. 399, this barony is described as follows: “The barony of Muckullen, containing Cosarg …, Gnovore, Gnobeg, Loghcurb, and Keildromedirge, 20 myles long, 20 broad; and is, after this rate, plowlands 5. Murrogh ne doe chief in the same.-Parishes 6. viz. Vicarages of Rahune, Killaen, Galway, Muckullin, Kyleumayne, Killinkelogh.-Gentlemen and castles (20) viz. Rory O’Flahairte of Moykullen, Murrogh ne doe of Nowghe and of Achneuir (Aghneure) Thomas Colman, Mynlagh (Menlo); Jonick O’Halorane, O’hery; Owen O’Halorane, Bearne; (Barna) Domynick Lynche, Tyrellan; Rolland Skeret, Short Castle; (Castlegar) DONELL OGE O’HOLOGHAN, QWAROWN BROWN (CARROWBROWN); Wm & Redmond Mc Wm, Ffiegh, Kellyn; Redmond McThomas, Ballymuritty; Redmond Reogh, Ballindully; Richard Beg, Cloynecanyn; Darby Augny, Lysacowly; John Blake fitz-Richard, Kiltullagh; John Blake fitz-Richard, Kiltorog; Thomas Blake, Ballemicro; Thomas and John Blake, Turlagh ne sheamon; Murietagh O’Conor, Tullekyhan; Martin Lynch, New Castle.” (92) Page 337. "That THOMAS NOLLANE of the Crevaghe in the barony of Kilmeane, in respecte of his sufficiencie to serve as clerke in the said countrey, shall have the castle of Crevaghe and 3 qr free." (93) Map of the Baronies of Connaught. "The above THOMAS NOLAN was one of the first "English Tavern" keepers in Connaught. When the old Irish Biatachs (see Stat. Kilkenny, p. 4) and "Houses of Hospitality" ceased, they were succeeded by "English Inns" or Taverns. On 21st December, A. D. 1616, a license was granted to John Coman of Athlone, merchant, and THOMAS NOLAN, of Ballinrobe, Esq., to keep taverns, and sell wines and spirituous liquors: to the former in almost every town in the county Galway, and in some of the towns of the counties of Mayo, Roscommon, Sligo, and Westmeath; and "to THOMAS NOLAN, in the town of Callow, and in the whole barony of Kilconnell, and in the town and barony of Kilmaine, in Mayo county, during their own lives and those of Barnaby Coman, brother of John; of JOHN NOLAN, son of THOMAS; of PETER NOLAN, son of RICHARD NOLAN, late of Athlone, merchant, deceased; and of Jane or Jennet Coman, daughter of the said John Coman." Rol. Pat. 15* Jac. I., p. 2 d. No. 58." (94-5) The above two paragraphs are from Irish Landed Gentry, Pedigree, 159. THE MELLETT SEPT OF SOUTH MAYO "In 1589 Richard Bourke and Sir Murrough 0'Flaherty and their followers, including some shipwrecked survivors of the Spanish Armada, traveled through South Mayo raising disturbances as part of a campaign to intimidate "loyalist" settlers in the area. Their progress was recorded in a letter dated the 19th of March 1589, written by THOMAS NOLAN to Sir Richard Bingham, President of Connaught. NOLAN describes how the group left the Lehinch area and "... came up as far as the river of Clongowla or Ballenrobe, cessed themselves upon the Rochfords, Malods and Clannevallies (MacEnallys), and going thus in troops to the terror of the subjects." (6) Cloongowla is immediately north of Ballinrobe town." (96) "(6) Knox, Hubert T., The History of the County of Mayo to the close of the Sixteenth Century, Dublin 1908, facsimile reprint, Castlebar 1982, pp. 222, 3." (97) The above two quotes are from The Mellett Sept of South Mayo by P. Waldron. THOMAS NOLAN: OWNER CASTLE OF CRIGH (CREAGH) (THE CREVAGHE), 1582. Patent Rolls suggest that THOMAS NOLAN resided at "The Crevaghe" (now called Creagh), in the barony of Kilmain and county of Mayo prior to 1585. "THOMAS NOLAN of the Creevagh, in respect of his sufficiency to serve as a clerk in the said country, shall have the said castle and 3 quarters free." (98) Historical texts that place The Creevagh in Co. Galway have failed to account for the Creevagh, Kilmolara, Co. Mayo or Walter MacTibbot's Castle of Crigh. The above quote is from the Indenture of Composition, 1585. "MacTibbot of the Crich, Barony of Kilmaine, Co. Mayo, was the head of the family called the Sliocht Mhic Teboid na Criche. His castle of the Crich was in the townland of the Creevagh in the parish of Kilmolara. The sept owned lands thereabouts, and Rahard, and Cuslough, and near Annies on the shore of Loch Carra." (99) The White family web site contends that the Creevagh Castle was in Ballinrobe. The below Kilmaine barony map does show the location of the New Castle at Ballinrobe and the Castle of the Crich in the parish of Kilmolara. The above quote is from Barony of Kilmaine, Co. Mayo. RANDOM NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF CO. MAYO. G. V. Martyn writes in Random Notes on the History of County Mayo “the MacTibbots were opposed to the Annexation of Connacht and purposely omitted making a return of Coslough Castle and Manor, fearing its confiscation or for some other reason. Before proceeding further it is necessary to explain the apparent absence of Creagh from the List of Castles of 1574. It and Coslough were divided from one another by the river Robe and both, it is believed, were MacTibbot Bourke manors as we will now endeavour to show. The Norman ruler who set up in Ballinrobe about 1236-7 would not have been content, in peaceful times, without a country residence. Creagh was an ideal position, in that a castle in the demesne would be only a mile from Ballinrobe and yet within a short distance from Lough Mask. The triangle of which the mouth of the Robe to Keel bridge is the base, and Ballinrobe the apex, was occupied by the O'Gormly tribe in pre-Norman times and they appear to have been transplanted about 1236. We may reasonably contend therefore that the Creagh site was available and selected for what we might call a suburban residence of the ruler of Kilmaine in the Norman period.” (100) G. V. Martyn continues with “the next entry in the 1574 List of Castles to which we must draw attention is that Walter MacTibbot had Crigh. Knox argues that Crigh is Creevagh in the parish of Kilmolara. To show that this is in error we must quote the following evidence: • (i). Knox (a) p. 205-MacTibbot's Castle of the Crigh. • (b) p. 284-MacTibbot's Castle of the Crich or Criche. • (ii). Composition-THOMAS NOLAN got Creevagh. • (iii). Strafford's Survey-THOMAS NOLAN at Cryah. • (iv). Hardiman's Note, p. 251 in Iar-Connacht.-Creevagh is Creagh • and was forfeited by the NOLAN'S in Cromwell's time and acquired by • James Cuff. It would thus appear that in 1574 Walter MacTibbot's Castle of Crigh* was that of Creagh. He sold it to THOMAS NOLAN in 1582 and apparently moved to Coslough. His family name of MacTibbot of the Crigh or Crich continued to be attached to him at Coslough.” (101) “* Since this was written a Sketch Map of Connacht, temp. Henry VIII. has been found in the R. I. Academy, drawn probably between 1540 and 1547. It is on a very small scale but the compiler found room to enter the only place he heard of as existing on the East shore of Lough Mask. He calls it Crigh and he places it at the point where the river Robe discharges itself into the Lake. tThe future of Coslough from 1592 up to Cromwell is in some doubt but according to family papers NICHOLAS MARTYN of Galway acquired in 1627-1632 certain lands in Kilmaine which cannot now be identified. In Strafford's Survey their extent is given as seven quarters of arable and pasture. This would be equivalent to 1,600 statute acres or say 2,000 acres gross. The area of the Coslough property (including Curraghmore, etc.) is 1380 acres and of Moneycrower and Boleemeelah lands 337 acres. In Cromwell's time both Creegh and Coslough were confiscated and about 1685 Edmond Skerrett bought back Curraghmore as a dower for his daughter on her marriage with GEOFFREY MARTYN. The latter in his Will of 1697 refers to his recoverable lands.” (102) The above three quotes are from Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII. (1925), Nos. I and II. Random Notes on the History of County Mayo by G. V. Martyn, 83-100. G. V. Martyn continued the discussion in the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIV. (1929), Nos. III and IV, Random Notes on the History of County Mayo, 133-137 which began in the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII. (1924), Nos. I and II, Random Notes on the History of County Mayo with Special Reference to the Barony of Kilmaine, G. V. Martyn, 23-49. Kilmaine Barony, Mayo Co. Map. The above photo is the Creagh Estate in the barony of Kilmain, Co. Mayo. “The second Colonel Knox, Charles Howe Cuff Knox, not satisfied with the existing house in town or the house already standing at Creagh *Demesne, built a mansion called Creagh House on the Creagh Demesne in 1875.” (103) The above quote is from Mayo Pages: Ballinrobe, The Knox Family. * Demesnes were estates. BALLINROBE PHOTOS.* * Ballinrobe photographs are available through the efforts of Maggie Blanck and her Ballinrobe research. TOWN OF BALLINROBE FROM THE 1900 ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP. Ballinrobe map notes: 1. The townland between the orange and purple is Rathkelly. 2. Between the blue and green lines is the townland of Knockanotish. 3 and 4. The blue line indicates the boundary of the townland of Friar's Quarters. This townland includes Abbey Street (3) and Glebe Street (4). 5. The old Church of Ireland. 6. The Roman Catholic church. 7. Main Street. 8. Glebe house. 9. Market Square. 10. The River Robe. 11.Infantry barracks. 12. The Cavalry barracks now in ruins. * RUINS OF CAVALRY BARRACKS WITH BARRACK BRIDGE ON LEFT. * Site of Ballinrobe Castle: Built by the De Burgos and situated where the ruins of Cavalry Barracks stand today down by Bowers’ Walk. MAYO AND THE JACOBITE WAR OF 1689-91 by Sheila Mulloy. “The majority of the Old Irish families meanwhile had lost their property to the new owners and joined the ranks of smallholders. The O’Malley’s of Murrisk and Burrishooje, however, clung tenaciously to their ancestral territory, and many of these were to thrive through judicious matrimonial alliances and the adoption of the Protestant faith in the following century. It is noticeable, however, that during the period under discussion, the older inhabitants played a very minor role. The representatives for Co. Mayo in the Patriot Parliament of 1689 were Garrett Moore and Walter Bourke, and for the Borough of Castlebar John Bermingham and Thomas Bourke. These names are to appear again in another connection, for a commission was issued 20 April 1690 by King James to raise £20,000 per month, and persons of local influence were appointed in each county in connection with the tax. Those appointed in Mayo were Colonel Garrett Moore, Colonel John Browne, Lieutenant Colonel Walter Bourke, George Browne, Esq., Captain Thomas Bourke, Captain John Bermingham and John Fitzgerald Esq. At a later stage orders regulating winter quarters were given to Lord Athenry, Col. Garrett Moore, Col. John Browne, Capt. Terence Mac Donough, Capt. GREGORY NOLAN and Capt. Geoffrey French, all Commissioners for the peace in Mayo. To begin with those of lesser military rank, Lord Athenry was Francis Bermingham and sat as a peer in the Parliament of 1689. John Bermingham, described as a Portrieve of Castlebar, i.e. chief officer of the town or borough, was a Captain in the Earl of Clanricarde’s infantry regiment. John Fitzgerald was of Turlough, and does not appear to have taken an active part in the war. George Browne was of the Neale family and not personally involved in the fighting, although his brother John Browne of Westport was a Colonel, and a son John was a Captain and taken prisoner at the siege of Derry. Captain Terence Mac Donough was in Col. Henry Dillon’s infantry regiment. He represented Sligo in the 1689 Parliament. He was a Counsellor and commonly known by the name ’blind Mac Donough‘. Captain GREGORY NOLAN belonged to a family that had lost their land in the barony of Carra after the 1641 Rebellion.” (104) The above quote is from http://www.clancleary.com. BRITISH HISTORY ONLINE: HOUSE OF LORDS JOURNAL, VOL. 20, 21 July 1715. Pages 124-25. NOLAN versus BOURKE. "Upon reading the Petition and Appeal of GREGORY NOLAN Gentleman, from all Orders and Proceedings had upon the Decrees obtained in the Court of Chancery in Ireland by the Lady Grandison by the Name of Katherine Fitzgerald Villiers, and by Thomas Butler and Lady Iveagh, in the Year 1697, against Rickard late Earl of Clanricarde, any Way affecting the Petitioner; and also from the several and respective Orders of the 25th of August 1704, and 1st of February 1705, and the Master's Report in 1706, and likewise from the several and respective Orders of the 23d of May and 19th of June 1707, 21st of May and 25th of February 1708, 2d of December and 28th of February 1709, and 11th of May 1715; and from all other Orders and Proceedings had in the said Court, which in any Wise do affect the Petitioner; praying, "That the same may be set aside and discharged in relation to him, or that he may be otherwise relieved, as to the Wisdom of this House shall seem meet; and, in order thereunto, that Colonel Thomas Bourke may answer the said Appeal; and that the Service of the Order of this House on the said Colonel Bourk's Clerk in the said Court may be deemed good Service, so as to stop any Proceedings against the Petitioner there:" It is Ordered, by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled, That the said Colonel Bourke may have a Copy of the said Appeal; and shall and he is hereby required to put in his Answer thereunto, in Writing, on or before Thursday the Eighteenth Day of August next; and that the Service of this Order on the Respondent's Clerk in Court shall be good Service." (105) The above quote is from House of Lords Journal Volume 20: 21 July 1715, Journal of the House of Lords: Volume 20: 1714-1717, pp. 124-25 at British History Online: House of Lords Journal, Vol. 20, 21 July 1715 @ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38445. “Another NOLAN to loom large in land dealings that occurred during the early part of the [eighteenth] century was GREGORY NOLAN. This man, who was domiciled in Dublin, had contacts with Galway, Carlow and Tipperary. On the balance of evidence he may well have been a Galway NOLAN. (634) His first transactions were done in Tipperary with the Butlers. Prior to 1710 he loaned money to Colonel Thomas Butler of Kilcash (635) and got a lease on lands for a period of 21 yrs. at an annual rent of £40. 7s. (636) and in that year, 1710, he sold his leasehold interest to a man named Carroll for £116 sterling with the proviso that he could redeem his interest after 5 yrs. after repaying his debt. Two years later, in 1712, GREGORY was named as the only surviving executor of a will of a man called Walter Blake. Other parties named in the document were JULIANA* BLAKE the widow, James Blake of Galway and Richard England of Ennis, Co. Clare who paid the two Blake’s £90 each on foot of a land transaction in Co. Clare where 240 acres of the Burren changed hands. In the following year GREGORY (as the executor of Walter Blake) and James Blake sold 58 acres in Co. Clare to Brigadier General Francis Gore of Clonrone. In the same year GREGORY and LAWRENCE NOLAN of Shangarry, gentlemen sold 200 acres in Shangarry to Jeremiah Quill as detailed above. GREGORY seems to have redeemed his Tipperary lands from Carroll as in 1716 he sold his interest in Kilcash to John Osbourne for £550 and in the same document it was noted that he received arrears from Colonel Thomas Butler of £428. GREGORY may well have been a banker. In the next year, 1717, he released and sold lands in Galway to Edmund Fitzpatrick for £200. In 1721 a GREGORY NOLAN, a parson, of Middlesex, made his will. It is possible he was the same man involved in all the above transactions, as being a parson he would have been socially mobile.” (106) The above quote is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 289-290. * This may be JULIANA NOLAN (BLAKE). THE O'NOLAN'S OF GALWAY. "When THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe Castle died in 1628 he left his widow and a son and heir GREGORY. Hardiman who wrote a history of Galway in 1820 had this to say about the NOLAN'S. 'This family was formerly of the first rank and opulence and is still wealthy and respectable. THOMAS NOLAN Esq., of the town and Castle of Ballinrobe died June 18th. 1628, was possessed of most extensive landed possessions, to which his son GREGORY succeeded and out of which his widow AGNES MARTIN had dower. This property was confiscated in the civil war of 1641, but a considerable part still remains in the families of Loughboy, Ballinderry and Ballybanagher. The tomb of the ancient family of O'NOLAN of Loughboy is situated in the centre of the Franciscan Friary Churchyard in Galway and bears the following inscription - "This tomb was first erected in the year of our Lord 1394, by the O'NOLAN'S of Loughboy and is now rebuilt and ornamented by MICHAEL O'NOLAN, Galway, one of the representatives of the said family." A terrible conflagration took place in Galway in June 1473, by which the town was nearly destroyed. This misfortune was soon overcome by the exertions of an industrious and already opuient community, the chief amongst whom were the fourteen tribes also NOLAN, Port, Coine, Cuin and Tully are particularly noticed.' [If] MICHAEL O'NOLAN is correct in stating that the ancient tomb of the O'NOLAN'S dates from 1394 then the original group of O'NOLAN'S who went to Galway must have gone west from Carlow before then, possibly as early as 1170 after the Norman invasion when they opposed the Norman/McMurrough alliance. What is certain is that there was a very powerful family of O'NOLAN'S in Co. Galway and they were situated in the Ballinrobe region. Another branch of the family set up in the Loughboy area of Mayo. In 1628 THOMAS NOLAN, who died, was the owner of Ballinrobe Castle and he had at least one son GREGORY, by his wife AGNES MARTIN. GREGORY'S son was JOHN NOLAN of Ballinderry and JOHN'S son was PATRICK, who married a BROWNE of the Neale (Brownes were the ancestors of Lord Kilmaine). He had several children but his heir was JOHN NOLAN of Ballinderry who was born c. 1680. This JOHN married ELLIS BRABAZON of Co. Mayo in 1709 and their son was THOMAS. It is probable that GREGORY NOLAN who was party to many land transactions in the early 1700s was JOHN'S brother. THOMAS had three sons - JOHN, ANTHONY and BRABAZON. Nothing much is known about them except that they were all involved in land dealings. JOHN [*] succeeded to the Ballinderry estates. He married an heiress, MARGARET FRENCH of Port a Carron. His grandson JOHN, married MARY NOLAN of Loughboy, Mayo, in 1836 and they had six sons and one daughter ELIZABETH. The sons were:­ JOHN PHILIP who was the heir to Ballinderry; WALTER of Claremadden, Co. Galway; FRANCIS, a Barrister; PHILIP who was in the Indian Civil Service; SEBASTIAN; EDWARD: Lieutenant in the British Army. JOHN PHILIP was an Army Officer and later an M. P. for Galway North and a J. P. There are about 200 NOLAN families in the Galway/Mayo area today and they are descended from the NOLAN'S who went to Galway in the 12th. century. Many may be descended from the NOLAN'S I have written about above. As we know many of the NOLAN'S spread from Co. Carlow into the neighbouring counties of Wexford, Kilkenny, Kildare and Wicklow in the 17th., 18th., and 19th. centuries. Fr. Meehan, the P. P. of Ballindaggin, in Co. Wexford, writing to Fr. O'NOLAN in 1919 stated that there were 25 families of NOLAN/NOWLAN in his parish and that their ancestors had been very active in 1798 when they were noted as 'great fighting men'." (107) The above quoted information is from O'NOLAN: The History of a People, 249-250. * JOHN NOLAN was born about the year 1760 in Ballinderry, Co. Galway marrying on 11 May 1785 at St Nicholas in Galway to MARGARET FRENCH who was born about the year 1764. I have found record of a _______ NOLAND born about the year 1600 in Mayo Co. And JOHN NOLAN born about the year 1630 of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo who married BRIDGET DARCY, born between 1635-37, about the year 1660 in Galway may have been the son of GREGORY NOLAN, heir of THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe. HISTORY OF LODGE 14: NOTES ON THE FREEMASONRY IN COUNTY GALWAY. “Lodge (No. 329) held in 1759 at Summerville on the west side of Claregalway: The Blakes of Menlo had a large house there about half a mile from the main road and the Lodge probably was held in the house or one of the outbuildings. The first Master was Andrew Blake and the Wardens were BRABAZON NOLAN and ANTHONY NOLAN. After eleven years the Warrant was moved to Donmacreena on the Mayo border, where another branch of the Blakes had an estate. There is no record to show when the Warrant was cancelled. Summerville long since has disappeared; part of the yard wall remains and the rest has been incorporated in several modern farmhouses.” (108) PIGOT AND CO'S DIRECTORY 1824 TUAM. Nobility, Gentry and Clergy. NOLAN, ANDREW, Esq. Ballinnagher. NOLAN, GREGORY, Esq. Curry. NOLAN, JOHN, Esq. Ballinderry. THE CORK EXAMINER, 2 March 1865. Marriages. “February 28, [1865] at the Church of St. Andrew, Westland-row, by the Rev. Patrick Duggin, P. P., of Corofin, MICHAEL NOLAN, Esq., of Ballybanagher, county of Galway, to MARGARET JOSEPHINE, eldest daughter of the late James Lynch, Esq., of Windfield, in the same county.” (109) IRELAND OLD NEWS. The Times London, Middlesex, England - Tuesday, July 5, 1892. The General Election - Biographies of Candidates - Galway. "NOLAN, JOHN PHILIP Lieutenant Colonel (Galway, North) (P) of Balinderry, Tuam, Galway, eldest son of the late Mr. JOHN NOLAN, J. P., of Ballinderry, by MARY ANNE, daughter of Mr. WALTER NOLAN, of Loughboy, born 1838, educated at Clongowes-wood College, Stonyhurst, Trinity College, Dublin, the Staff College and Woolwich, entered the Royal Artillery in 1857. Served throughout the Abyssinian campaign as adjutant to Colonel Milward, present at the capture of Magdala, was mentioned in dispatches (Abyssinian medal), retired from the Army with the rank Lieutenant Colonel in 1881. In one of the Parnellite Whips, a J. P. for Co. Galway, M. P., Co. Galway Feb-June, 1872, unseated on petition, and from 1874 to 1885, and for the North division from 1885." (110) Trench v. NOLAN - The Galway Election Petition By Samuel J. Maguire. THE HISTORY OF GOLF IN GALWAY. The first President - SEBASTIAN M. NOLAN (17 March 1843 - 14 September 1907). "He was the son of JOHN NOLAN of Ballinderry and brother of Col. NOLAN M. P. The family owned large estates in Ballinderry, Portacarron, Kilmaine and Roundstone. Apart from the wealth he inherited he was also a keen business man and was the largest employer of labour in Galway. He imported fertilisers, chiefly guano from Chile and built the large stores close to the docks. Too late in life to learn golf, he made up in enthusiasm what he lacked in style and play. He was passionately fond of the exercise and he knew everything about it theoretically. At Gentian Hill he constructed and maintained a course which was the scene of many competitions, for which he presented valuable prizes, executed remarkable feats of handicapping and constructed rules which recognised not the authority of the R. A. committee. On the links he was by no means an ideal partner and he could never play a losing game gracefully. But when you reached the clubhouse and the bunkers and bad lies and execrable luck and other shocking things were all behind, the host shone. There was once an unfortunate Scot who had played a round with him in a foursomes and being both off their game they got badly beaten and straightaway villified each other. But when they reached the snug clubhouse and sat down to their tea and muffins Mr. NOLAN slipped upstairs and turned on the gramophone to "Annie Laurie" and it is an open question whether the solace of that Scot or the beaming geniality of the host in paying the curious compliment was the prettier picture. Such were his complex ways. Another story is one about a duel that nearly took place between him and a gallant Colonel, which fortunately did not come off, though one gentleman recommended a dozen golf balls each and a driver at ten yards distance as a good method of settling their differences. He was a thorough sportsman and for years kept a string of racehorses, amongst others, "The Arrowed" which won several races. He was also Commodore of the Royal Galway Yacht Club. On a wild and stormy day he left his home in Seamount to play golf. He died on Gentian Hill while playing a game with his good friend Rev. Fr. Lally P. P. In his will he left his house at Seamount and the Magdalen Asylum to the sisters of Mercy. The following inscription is written on the huge granite Celtic cross which stands over his grave in the New Cemetery. "He was during his life a kind and generous benefactor and by his last will he bequeathed the residence of his estates as an endowment for the great charitable work of the Magdalen Asylum". (111) The above quote is from Renmore at www.galwaygolf.com/historyFiles/ chapter1/Chapter%201.pdf. In The History of Carlow County Ireland, by John Ryan is the following passage: “After the rebellion of 1641-1662 had been suppressed (in which the NOWLAN'S took sides with the Catholic party), the NOWLAN'S lost a great deal of their property which was included in the grant made to James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, Lt. General of the Protestant Forces. Due to the Irish Rebellion of 1641, most of the land belonging to the NOWLAN family in Northern Ireland was seized by James Butler, the lieutenant general of the Protestant Forces. The family took this complaint to court but was rejected because one of the sons had participated in the revolution. Around 1700, at least 3 (possibly 5) of the NOWLAN brothers came from Ireland to America. The Castle of Ballinrobe, in Northern Ireland, belonged to the NOWLAN family. Perhaps the Barony of Forth.“ (112) This NOLAN family history found in the History and Antiquities of County Carlow by John Ryan published in 1833 and the NOWLIN-Stone Genealogy by James Edmund NOWLIN erroneously placed the owner of Ballinrobe Castle, THOMAS (NOLAN) O’HUALLACHAIN, within Carlow Clan O‘NOLAN and quite possibly recounts the eviction of his son JOHN NOLAN and family from Enniscrone Castle, 1642 and the events which led to the arrival of JOHN NOWLIN in Isle of Wight Co. Virginia, 1643. JOHN NOLAN & FAMILY ATTACKED AND FORCEFULLY EVICTED FROM ENNISCRONE CASTLE, 1641-42. "In October 1641, rebellion against English rule broke out in Ulster and soon spread to the rest of the country. For the next eight years, England was the scene of a fiercely fought civil war between King Charles I and the extreme Protestants or Puritans led by Oliver Cromwell. The fighting soon spread to Ireland where armies supporting both sides fought each other. The Catholic rebels, who included Old Irish and Anglo-Irish, formed the Federation of Kilkenny. The Earl of Clanrickard, who was the King’s Governor of Connacht, eventually became involved but was a reluctant rebel." (113) ENNISCRONE CASTLE. Enniscrone Castle is in Kilglass Parish, Co. Sligo in the North of Ireland. THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, purchased the castle after 1597. THOMAS NOLAN or his son JOHN lived in the castle at least until 1641 or 1642. The castle was remodeled in the late 16th or early 17th century, however, it was first mentioned in 1417 as the residence of Tadgh Riabhach, King of Tireragh and was probably built in the 13th century. "Enniscrone Castle is an early 17th century semi-fortified house, built mainly for a degree of comfort in living accommodation rather than for defence. In 1597 the brothers Fearadach and Cormac MacDonnel sold the house to John Crofton, who then sold it to THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe. His son JOHN was living in the house in 1642. During the 1641 rebellion the Irish commandeered it and placed a garrison in the castle. It was the scene of a small skirmish in 1642 but in 1645 it was captured by Cromwellian forces and they used it until the end of the war. It was then granted to Sir Francis Gore." (114) The above quote is from the following web site: http://sligo.local.ie/content/20479.shtml/arts_and_culture/famous_buildings/castles. “Based upon documented genealogy since the early 1600s it is quite evident that the De Burgo (De Bergh, Burgho, Bourke, Burke, etc.) and Nolan families were closely allied, intermarrying with one another. The marriage, in the 1600s, of Catherine Nolan, granddaughter of Thomas of Ballinrobe and daughter of John of Inniscrone, to Walter Bourke (????-1715), Major General of the Athlone Regiment of Foot and later a Count in France, is a clear testament to this fact. This special relationship between the two families may however have already started as early as 1394. This is suggested by the fact that when the Nolans of Galway City first erected a tomb to their Loughboy ancestors, they erected it in a Franciscan Friary founded by the De Burgo family.” (115) DOWDE, DOWD, O'DOWDE, O'DOWDA, AND DOWDY ABSTRACTS IN IRELAND. 1585 - Signatories of Indenture between Sir John Perrott and Chieftans of Sligo: Davy Dowdye of Castle Connor gent, Edmond O'Dowey (ODowda) of Kilglass, chief of his name. 1641 - Patrick Dowd recruited soldiers and joined with his father and brothers and attacked and evicted the family of JOHN NOLAN in Enniscrone Castle, which had formerly been a possession of the O'Dowd's. 1642 - Charles and Patrick O'Dowd of Ballycottle raid Moyne and capture Enniscrone Castle. WEST SLIGO HISTORY: ENNISCRONE CASTLE. “In the castle field in the centre of Enniscrone, stands the remains of Enniscrone Castle or sometimes known as O’Dowd’s Castle. In the fifteenth century, the O’Dowd’s (O'Dubhda) ruled Tireragh. And various branches of the O’Dowd’s took over different parts of Tireragh as landlords. Around this period, several castles were built in Tireragh, including Enniscrone. Tadhg Riabhnach O'Dubhda was chieftain over the O’Dowd’s. He and his family settled in Enniscrone. When he died in 1432, one of his sons Tadgh Bui was fostered by a man called Albanach Mor (the big Scotsman) who, it is thought may have been a Mac Donnell gallowglass mercenary hired by the O’Dowd’s. Albanach Mor built the original castle in Enniscrone. In 1512, during a war between The Mac William Burkes of Mayo and the O’Donnell’s of Donegal, Enniscrone Castle was captured by Burke. O’Donnell’s besieged the castle with his army for four days until it was surrendered. He took the garrison as prisoner and demolished the castle. The O’Dowd’s supported the O’Connor’s of Sligo against O’Donnell and soon rebuilt Enniscrone Castle in order to protect the local area. In 1597, Enniscrone Castle had been sold to John Croft by Fearadach and Cormac O'Dowd, and it is then thought to have been sold to THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe and it stayed in this family until the rebellion of 1641/1642. At ten o'clock on a winters night in January 1642 a party of armed men attacked the castle.” (116) ENNISCRONE CASTLE AND CHURCH. Enniscrone Castle and Valentine's Church drawn for Colonel Cooper by William Frederick Wakeman on 1 August 1879: Copyright Sligo County Library. "The castle consists of a rectangular gabled house with three quarter round towers at the angles, with only the two western towers surviving. The house has two stories with attics. On the ground floor there is a centrally placed doorway in the south wall that has evidence of drawbar sockets. Also on the ground floor on the west wall is a large fireplace with a small oven built onto its south side, with a smaller fireplace on the upper storey and the chimneys are still intact. The floor levels of the towers correspond to those of the main building. A number of gun loops and small windows occur through the building. The ruined simple rectangular church is called Valentine's church. It has windows, a door in the south wall and a bellcote on the west gable, visible in the painting and photograph. It is possibly on the site of Cill Insi, an older ecclesiastical site which was still standing in 1666. A bell was found in the old Ballina Workhouse in 1934 and an inscription on the bell dated it to 1679. This bell came from this church, which suggests the church was rebuilt sometime around this date. In 1712 Thomas Valentine from Lancashire was appointed to this area as Protestant vicar and died in 1765. About eighteen years later a plaque to his memory was erected in the church, which can be still seen. The church was damaged during the 1798 rebellion and does not seem to have been used again. Valentine was credited with rebuilding the church and hence, it became associated with his name. In the area west of the castle and church there are some remains of boulder circles and monuments similar to those at Carrowmore passage tomb complex." (117) The following five photographs of Enniscrone Castle have a copyright © Frank L. Ludwig. Ordering information is at http://franklludwig.com/order2.html Enniscrone Castle 2 © Frank L. Ludwig. Enniscrone Castle 3 © Frank L. Ludwig. Enniscrone Castle 4 © Frank L. Ludwig. Enniscrone Castle 5 © Frank L. Ludwig. It is conceivable that JOHN NOLAN married into the MAC SUIBHNE, O’MULGEEHY, MCSWYNE, WYNNE or WYNDHAM, family of Co. Galway and Donegal since both families match 25 of 25, 33 of 37, and 62 of 67 Y-DNA markers. Both were also Herenagh Families of Donegal Co. Ireland. The MCSWYNE’S and the Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught families are represented on the list of Galway Castle Owners, 1574. Undoubtedly, some members of this landholding lineage, sept or family of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN intermingled with the O’MULGEEHY, MCSWYNE, WYNNE or WYNDHAM, family of Co. Galway and Donegal either in Co. Galway or by migrating out the Connaught counties of Galway, Mayo, and Sligo into the Ulster counties of Donegal and Fermanagh. DNA evidence of N-4 from the NOLAN DNA Surname Project and Kit #56134 from the WINDHAM Family DNA Project suggest a possible common ancestor through an extramarital event, an adoption, or a branch of one family using the others surname. Herenagh meaning land typically converted into donated church property. Once paid with beef, these galloglaich (foreign mercenary) families gained steady employment when Irish Kings began payment for services in land, which was usually an attempt to have them, live in their territory. Irish Bards and Historians were normally the only other group offered land incentives. MAC SUIBHNE were one of the most famous gallowglass families in Ireland. Attacking a member of the MAC SUIBHNE family would have been an attack on the King himself. Thus, Irish society bestowed great esteem on the gallowglass. A NOLAN marriage or DNA exchange in those intervening years would have been an honor or the commonality in these two families could be the result of the power and prestige related to having offspring in Irish society with various unrelated females, which introduced unrelated males into the structure of a clan resulting in DNA diversity: more than one DNA result per clan or surname. For instance, O'HUALLACHAIN (O'NOLAN), O'COBHTHAIGH (O'COFFEY), and O'HAODHA (O'HEA) or EGAN descend from the Corca Laoighdhe as do O'DRISCOLL. R1b1b2h (R1b1c10): DYS #385a and 385b at 11 and 17 - A Corca Luighe (Corca Laoidhe) and Ossory (Osraighe) Haplotype in Co. Donegal, Ulster, Ireland, 1600s details these Y-DNA haplotype matches, which do not support an illegitimate hereditary relationship of any kind. The high level genetic match of the O'MULGEEGH, O'BOILE’S, O'BOYLE, MCSWYNE'S, MACSWEENEY, O'MULGEEHY, O MAOLGHAOITHE, MACSUIBHNE family of Clandaholka Parish Co. Donegal who became WYNNE or WYNDHAM denotes a hereditary link to the Corca Laoighdhe and adoption of this surname by (O'HUALLACHAIN) O'NOLAN. NOLAN - WINDHAM PROBABILITY & TIME TO MOST RECENT COMMON ANCESTOR. 98.55% Probability of a Shared Common Ancestor within 24 Generations: 24 generations multiplied by 15 (Years in a Generation) = 360 years. 24 generations multiplied by 25 (Years in a Generation) = 600 years. 94.97% Probability of a Shared Common Ancestor within 20 Generations: 20 generations multiplied by 15 (Years in a Generation) = 300 years. 20 generations multiplied by 25 (Years in a Generation) = 500 years. 2006 minus 1597* = 409 Years. 2006 minus 1643* = 363 Years. * 1597 - THOMAS NOLAN purchased Enniscrone Castle Co. Sligo. * 1643 - JOHN NOWLIN living in Isle of Wight Co. VA. MCLAUGHLIN’S OF DONEGAL. “A sept could receive its herenagh lands in one of two ways. The position was an inherited one, but if the appointed herenagh sept died out, a new sept was chosen to take its place. Or a landholding sept could donate its lands to the church, receiving them back as "herenagh" lands, exempt from despoliation in times of war, in return acting as the lay official of the church, responsible for the repair and maintenance of the church. The herenagh families also paid an annual rent to the church, of livestock and produce. Because herenagh land was traditionally spared by marauding armies, many septs in the Inishowen peninsula, including the McLaughlin’s, donated their lands to the church to protect their livestock and possessions from the armies of the O'Donnell’s and the O'Neill’s.” (118) THE HERENAGH FAMILIES OF DONEGAL. “Clandaholka Parish. O'MULGEEGH; the O'Boile’s; the McSwyne’s; O'MULGEEHY - O MAOLGHAOITHE - according to McLysaght, now WYNNE or WYNDHAM; O'Boyle - O Baoilaigh; MacSweeney - Mac Suibhne. Mevaugh Parish. The sept of the O'NOLAN’S; O'NOLAN - O NUALLAIN.” (119) PATENT ROLLS OF JAMES I: INQUISITION AT LIFFORD, 1609. "Clandaholka Parish. Herenagh O'MULGEEGH; the O'Boile’s; the McSwyne’s; or freeholds: Clandaholka parish, containing 9 ballibetaghs whereof the herenagh O'MULGEEGH has 1 qr., who pays to the bishop of Raphoe 13s 4d Ir. rent, and 1l 13s 4d Ir. pension out of the bishop's thirds of the tithes, the bishop hass 1/3 qr. called Marfaugh, anciently inhabited by the sept of the O'Boile’s, for which 4s rent is paid, the McSwyne’s paid them a cosherie of 4 madders of butter and 8 madders of meal, whereof nothing has been paid in the time of the present bishop, about 3 miles from the church is a ruined chapel with 7 gorts of free land called Clonveg, the tenants of which paid 2s 4d yearly to the parson of Clondaholka in this parish, the parson, vicar, tithes and repairs are as in Faughan parish, the parson and vicar pay 8s Ir. proxies to the bishop and have 4 gorts of glebe between them, there are also 2 qrs. belonging to the late abbey of BallymcSwyne Odie besides Doe castle, the tithes and spirituallities of which are divided between the parishes of Clondaholka and Kilmacrenan; Mevaugh Parish. Herenagh the sept of the O'NOLAN’S; or freeholds: Mevaugh parish, containing 5 baalibetaghs, of which 1 qr. are church land enjoyed by the sept of the O'NOLAN’S, as herenaghs, who pay to the bishop of Raphoe 13s 4d Ir. and 1l Ir. pension out of the bishop's third of the tithes, the parson, vicar, tithes and repairs are as in Faughan parish, the parson and vicar pay 3s proxies each to the bishop, and have 2 gorts of glebe land between them, in this parish are 6 gorts of free land called Kinelargie, the proprietors of which paid 2s yearly to the official of Raphoe, there is also a chapel with 1/2 qr. of land called Druin which belonged to the Franciscan friars of Kilmacrenan who received 13s yearly out of it, the McSwyne’s challenged a cosherie of 4 meathers of butter and 8 meathers of meal from it;” (120) Map of Co. Donegal. The MCSWYNE (O’MULGEEHY) WYNNE or WYNDHAM family of Clare Barony Co. Galway, 1574 and Clandaholka Parish Co. Donegal were a landholding sept within Connaught and Ulster. Kyliskiegh Castle and Cahirnefieke Castle in the barony of Clare Co. Galway and Doe Castle in Co. Donegal were three of several castles of this sept or family. The NOLAN’S were a landholding sept within the Connaught counties of Galway, Mayo, and Sligo. It is not surprising that this NOLAN sept would have expanded their landholdings into Ulster. An arranged marriage would have preserved and enhanced the (landholding) status within each sept. This is quite probably, where and how the two families connect through DNA. THE MANUSCRIPTS OF THE MARQUIS OF ORMONDE, PRESERVED AT THE CASTLE, KILKENNY, Vol. II. LIST OF TRANSPLANTED IRISH, 1655-1659. An Account of Lands Set Out To The Transplanted Irish In Connaught, 114-176. P. 154. THOMAS NOLAN FITZ THOMAS* of Galway; Date of Decree: 19 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 24 June 1656; 601 acres. * Son of THOMAS NOLAN, In England "Fitz" often indicates illegitimacy. P. 155. JOHN NOLAN late of Iskerowe [Inniscrone, or Enniscrone] in the co. of Sligo; Date of Decree: - - - ; Date of Final Settlement: 31 August 1657; 1000 acres. Idem - - - - ; Date of Decree: 23 June 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 4 November 1656; 3854 acres. THOMAS NOLAN late of Ballinrobe in co. Mayo; Date of Decree: - - -; Date of Final Settlement: 29 August 1657; 824 acres. Idem - - - - ; Date of Decree: - - - ; Date of Final Settlement: 31 August 1657; 574 acres. P. 156. ANSTANCE NOLAN of Galway; Date of Decree: 24 June 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 31 August 1657; 119 acres. P. 172. JOHN NOWLANE of Iskerowen, [Inniscrone, or Enniscrone] co. Sligo, esq; Date of Decree: 23 June 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 13 November 1656; 478 acres. THOMAS NOLAN FITZ GREGORY* of the co. of Mayo; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 7 May 1657; 40 acres. * Son of GREGORY NOLAN, In England "Fitz" often indicates illegitimacy. JOHN NOLAN of Iskerowen [Inniscrone, or Enniscrone] in the co. of Sligoe; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 8 May 1657; 200 acres. THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe in the co. of Mayo; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 8 May 1657; 200 acres. THOMAS NOLAN FITZ GREGORY* of Ballinrobe in the co. of Mayo; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 8 May 1657; 83 acres. * Son of GREGORY NOLAN, In England "Fitz" often indicates illegitimacy. THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe co. Mayo; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 23 May 1657; 580 acres. THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe in the co. of Mayo; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 25 May 1657; 107 acres JOHN NOLAN of Iskerowen [Inniscrone, or Enniscrone] in the co. of Sligoe; Date of Decree: 15 May 1656; Date of Final Settlement: 9 June 1657; 1249 acres. BOOKS OF SURVEY AND DISTRIBUTION: MOORGAGAGH, CO. MAYO "After the wars of the mid-seventeenth century, the English government needed solid information on land ownership throughout Ireland to carry out its policy of land redistribution. The Books of Survey and Distribution record ownership before the Cromwellian and Williamite confiscations, c.1641, and after, c.1666." (121) The above quote is from: Books of Survey and Distribution: Moorgagagh, Co. Mayo, Ireland. JOHN NOLAN - Carrowmore als Carrowmoreiterbrien 1 Qr. 043 043 - Peter Beaghan and John Bingham (Redistributed Land) Books of Survey and Distribution, 483 Books of Survey and Distribution, 484 Books of Survey and Distribution, 485 Books of Survey and Distribution, 488 Books of Survey and Distribution, 489 BOOKS OF SURVEY AND DISTRIBUTION. Names of Proprietors In 1641/Denomination of Lands/Forfeited Lands Conveyed. Parish of Magawnagh: JOHN NOLAN/Cloonaghmore/Lord Mayo, Jeoffry Prendergast, Remigins Bermingham Kilfyan Parish: JOHN NOLAN/Ballynegowny (Ballygoan in Rathreagh Parish)/Richard Franklin JOHN NOLAN & John Gardner, Protestant/Duncanarew/Sir Arthur Gore & John Gardner, Protestant Parish of Killala: JOHN NOLAN/Part of Tewmore/Sir Arthur Gore Parish of Templemurry: JOHN NOLAN/Doonamoona/Roger Palmer JOHN NOLAN/Carbedbeg & Ranagh, Alias Killbroan/William Webb CLANS AND CHIEFTAINS (IN IRELAND) "Forty years after the destruction of the old order in Ulster came the Cromwellian Transplantation to Connacht and Clare which resulted in the confiscation of the estates of great numbers of Catholic landowners and their settlement in smaller holdings in the West or in many cases their exile." (122) This supports my conclusion that the JOHN NOLAN and family evicted from Enniscrone Castle, 1641-42 may indeed have been exiled to the New World. The above quote is from: Clans and Chieftains (in Ireland). It is clear from the above Irish abstracts that JOHN NOLAN and his family were evicted from Enniscrone Castle in either 1641 or 1642. The castle was commandeered and JOHN NOLAN and his family may have been exiled to the New World or he fled to the New World voluntarily after the O'Dowd's and other Irish troops were garrisoned in his home. The above information from the Books of Survey and Distribution indicates that all of JOHN NOLAN'S land and holdings were confiscated and redistributed during the period 1641-1666. This evidence also supports the theory that JOHN NOWLIN living in Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 may indeed be the JOHN NOLAN evicted from Enniscrone Castle, 1641-42 or an offspring. JOHN NOLAN and family lived in Co. Sligo forty-four years prior to the troubles of 1641 and, thus, the possibility of estrangement from extended family living in Mayo and Galway apply. The list of Cromwellian evictions for Co. Sligo, Ireland includes JOHN NOLAN, EDMOND and MILMORY MCSWINE, GILCOLLUM O’HIGIN, and TEIG O’HIGIN. The list and accompanied information suggest that JOHN NOLAN received other land in Connaught as compensation after a legal battle. The threat of violence toward family members, exile, deportation, and execution forced many to the New World. Other estranged members of the extended JOHN NOLAN family may indeed have sought legal restitution twenty years later as described below; however, it is a reasonably understandable deduction that the JOHN NOWLIN living in Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 was a member of this exiled family. Jewel NOLEN in The NOLEN Story continues: "In County Galway, Ireland is found one PATRICK NOLAN who married in 1667, Anne Brown. To this union was born at least one son, named JOHN, who was married in 1709 to Ellis Brabazon, and had issue, by her of among other children, a son named PATRICK. This PATRICK had at least one son, JOHN NOLAN, of Galway. Not without distinction in Ireland, where many bearers of the name appear to have been landed gentry and ancient nobility, the family was represented among the early British colonists in the New World.” (123) The following paragraphs explain the reasoning behind the assumption that JOHN NOLAN and family forcefully evicted from Enniscrone Castle Co. Sligo on a January night in 1642 is the JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight Co. VA, 1643: 1. JOHN (NOLAN) NOWLIN of Isle of Wight Co. VA, 1643 forcefully evicted from Enniscrone Castle Co. Sligo on a January night in 1642, 2. THOMAS (TOMAS O'HUALLACHAIN) NOLAN purchased Enniscrone Castle for his son JOHN after 1597, 3. THOMAS (TOMAS O'HUALLACHAIN) NOLAN lived in Ballinrobe Castle Co. Mayo until his death on 18 June 1628, 4. Sligo Co. is a border county to Ulster Province Ireland, and 5. The threat of violence, torture, and execution caused many Irish families to flee to the New World. Therefore, when the troubles of 1641 (Civil War in Ireland between English Protestants and Irish Catholics) began JOHN NOLAN and his immediate family probably would have been separated and estranged from the main body of his family in Co. Mayo and Galway for more than forty years. Consequently, when trouble strikes a family that has been estranged or removed from the main body of a family for that long of a duration it behooves that part of the family to rely on its own initiative and ingenuity to solve that particular family problem. Thus, this isolated part of the NOLAN family would have had nowhere else to turn for help when the O'Dowd’s managed to recruit Irish Catholics to storm the NOLAN Castle of Enniscrone. Colonial Virginia was an English Colony, however, THOMAS NOLAN had received a grant or license to sell spirits or liquor by the English, and that is how this family gained wealth by cooperating with the English rulers of Ireland. They were Irish Catholics who cooperated and gained considerable wealth under English rule until the troubles of 1641 forced them out of Ireland. Enniscrone Castle is on the extreme West Coast of Ireland. After the forceful eviction by an Irish mob that no doubt was after blood. JOHN NOLAN and family would have had no choice but to flee the short distance to the coast and wait for transportation. The troubles of 1641 in Ireland went on for years resulting in the torture, killing, and execution of many people. At least 150,000 Ulster Irish fled to the New World by the American Revolution and Charles A. Hanna estimated that figure as more than 333,000 in a two-volume work on the subject of The Scotch-Irish or the Scot in North Britain, North Ireland, and North America published in 1902. JOHN NOWLIN LIVING IN ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY, VIRGINIA, 1643. JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 was most likely from the same family, a son, of the JOHN NOLAN who was living in Enniscrone Castle Co. Sligo during the years 1641-42, if not the same individual. Perhaps, some family members of this landholding lineage of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN migrated out the Connaught counties of Galway, Mayo, and Sligo into the Ulster counties of Donegal and Fermanagh. It is widely accepted that 150,000 or more Ulster Irish were residing in North America prior to the American Revolution. Charles A. Hanna estimated that figure as more than 333,000 in a two-volume work on the subject of The Scotch-Irish or the Scot in North Britain, North Ireland, and North America published in 1902. Upon dispossession some members of the JOHN NOLAN family of Enniscrone Castle may have moved to Dublin petitioning for the return of Connaught property twenty years later. CARTE CALENDAR VOLUME 37, AUGUST - OCTOBER 1663; BODLEIAN LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Petition of JOHN NOLAN to the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Written from: [Dublin]. Date: [circa 15 October 1663]. Shelfmark: MS. Carte 60, fol(s). 589. Document type: Original. Recites the recovery in the Court of Claims by Lord Viscount Dillon, of certain lands formerly allotted to, and possessed by, Petitioner. ... Prays for reprisals by the grant of a custodiam of the lands of Brodallagh & Ballivanan ... now in the hands of Ulick Burke, esquire. ... Subjoined 1: A Certificate of the Consent of Ulick Burke, esquire, to the grant of a custodiam of the lands of Brodallagh & Ballyvanan, to JOHN NOLAN, aforesaid. Date: 9 October 1663. Shelfmark: MS. Carte 60, fol(s). 591. Document type: Original. Subjoined 2: An Order, by the Duke of Ormond, upon the Petition of JOHN NOLAN, calendared above. Written from: Dublin Castle. Date: 22 October 1663. Shelfmark: MS. Carte 60, fol(s). 589v. Document type: Original. Petition of JOHN NOLAN to the Duke of Ormond. Date: [circa 19 October] 1663. Shelfmark: MS. Carte 159, fol(s). 95. Document type: Copy. Recites particulars of petitioner's dispossession, under a late Decree of the Court of Claims, made on behalf of the Lord Viscount Dillon, of 800 acres of land [in the province of Connaught] formerly set forth to petitioner. Prays to be, in part, reprized out of the lands of "Brodillagh and Clonbanon, lately in the possession of Sir John Bellew, ... which were, by way of custodiam, granted to Ulick Bourke, esquire", ... who, it is added, consents thereto. Annexed: An Order upon this Petition, directing a grant, in custodiam, of the lands prayed for; the consent recited being declared in the Court of Exchequer, and the petitioner giving recognizance therein for due payment of the rent, reserved. Written from: Dublin Castle. Date: 22 October 1663. Shelfmark: MS. Carte 159, fol(s). 95. Document type: Copy. It is conceivable that JOHN NOLAN of Enniscrone Castle married into the O'MULGEEHY, (O MAOLGHAOITHE) MCSWYNE, WYNNE or WYNDHAM, family of Co. Galway and Donegal, but it is also possible that JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 was from the province of Ulster. The 33 of 37 Y-DNA marker match between N-4 of the NOLAN DNA Surname Project and Kit #56134 from the WINDHAM Family DNA Project may have occurred in Isle of Wight Co. VA in the early 1640's since both families were represented in the early history of Isle of Wight Co. VA, or as described above the NOLAN - WINDHAM DNA match could have occurred between these two 1574 Galway castle owning families who were also Herenagh Families of Donegal Co. Ireland. An exact match of the first 20 markers (13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19) in the Y-DNA test of N-4 with RICHARD (O') HAGAN also gives credence to a possible Ulster relationship. A WINDHAM - NOLAN DNA comparison provided by JOHN B. WINDHAM details a 25 Y-DNA marker match between N-3 and Kit # 18393 and a 61-62 of 67 Y-DNA marker match between Kit # 18393 and N-4. Incidentally, Kit # 18393 mismatches RICHARD O’HAGAN by one in a 20-marker comparison. Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught R1b1c10 Unique 20-marker Haplotype Matches: Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 King Colla Uais 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 R1bSTR43 N-3 mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, 389-2, and 458. N-4 mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, and 458. N-30 (brother to N-4) mismatches the King Colla Uais 20-marker haplotype at DYS #385b, 389-1, 389-2, and 458. N-3, N-4, and N-30 mismatch the 20-marker haplotype of R1bSTR43 at DYS #385b, 389-1, and 389-2. N-4 and N-30 are brothers of the same mother and father, but mutations at DYS #389-2 and 464c for N-4 with a genetic distance of two at the 25-marker level compared to N-30 leaves N-30 with a more precise genetic match with N-3 and 9ZZVM - Windham at the 25-marker level than with N-4. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 N-3 - Nolen 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 15 17 N-4 - Nolen R1b1c10 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 N-30 - Nolen (brother to N-4) The three below HAGAN DNA results from Y-Search have an exact 20-marker match with N-4 resulting in an ancient relationship prior to the introduction of surnames through parallel subclades of R-P312. N-3 mismatches by one mutation at DYS 389-2. User ID # 5GGTH lists Carrickmore, Ulster, Ireland as country of origin. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 5GGTH - Hagan 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 N2F3B - Hagan 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 YNXPB - Hagan Three of the following WINDHAM/WYNDHAM Y-Search participants claim descent from England: JCBWN, P6D2Y, and QT7HT, however, mutations at DYS 389-2 for N-4 and the HAGAN surname at 30, N-3, N-30 and WINDHAM at 31 results in an ancient Irish relationship prior to the introduction of surnames through parallel subclades of R-P312. Result Strings ID # 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 JCBWN - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 17 17 9ZZVM - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 P6D2Y - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 QT7HT - Windham 13 24 14 10 11 17 12 12 12 14 13 31 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 V43N7 - Windham The O’HAGAN (O hAgain in Irish, which was originally O hOgain) family also descends from the ruling Ui Neill, O’Neill's, of Ulster, and were hereditary stewards, sheriffs, and judges considered part of that sept. O'HAGAN’S stood with Hugh O'Neill, the last of the native Irish kings, in his rebellion against England. Hugh O'Neill, in the tradition of the times, took the remnants of his fortune and sailed to Spain. The O'HAGAN’S were not as fortunate, being totally dispossessed of lands and possessions in the plantations that followed Hugh O'Neill’s defeat. The O’HAGAN'S (O hAgain), a sept of the Cineal Eoghain, are recorded as descendants of Fergus, son of Eoghan with the following families in Roger O'Ferrall's "Linea Antiqua": O'COLGAN, O'Branagan, O'HAGIN, O'Cahalan, O'Uarisg, O'Brelar, O'Hanin, O'Dovan, O'Losgny, O'Mellan, O'CONOLAN, O'Spellan, and O'Breonan. Fergus was also ancestor to the O'QUIN'S, as described in Background on the Northern Uí Neill. O'QUIN later spawned the family of WYNDHAM-QUINN. Included in the background of the Northern Ui Neill is evidence pertaining to the O'BOYLE, MAC SUIBHNE, and MACSWEENEY septs that became WYNDHAM of Co. Donegal. A History of the HOGAN, O'HOGAN, Ó HOGAIN Surname reflects a separate origin in Co. Cork as a sept of the Corca Laoidhe. *Hy-Many Map. Click Image to Enlarge. * It is interesting to note on the above map that the septs of the Ui Colgain are settled in western Connacht in the territory of the Ui Briuin Seola. JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 could have also descended from a sept of this clan which migrated into Ulster "following the coming of the Normans beginning in the 13th century, a portion of ancient Ui Maine later became known as the district of Clanricarde, named for a branch of the Burke family. This included much of the baronies of Loughrea, Kiltartan, Clare, Dunkellin, Athenry and Leitrim, in Co. Galway, according to O'Donovan." (124) This quote is from (Ui-Maine or Hy-Maine). Other scenarios for the DNA relationship between these families are consistent with a Connaught or Ulster Ireland connection. MAC SUIBHNE were gallowglass (gallóglaigh) Scottish hired mercenaries to the Kings of Ireland beginning in the fourteenth century. An extramarital event or impregnation is, therefore, a possible answer to the question of relatedness, which may have occurred in either Ulster or Connaught. “Dubhghall, the founder of the branch according to Leabhar Chlainne Suibhne, was slain in 1356, although in the Book of Ballymote (ca. 1400) six of his grandsons are said to belong to Mac Suibhne of Connacht. The eldest of these, Toirdhealbhach, who is described in A.F.M. as Ard Chonsapal Connacht, or High Constable of Connacht, was slain in battle with two of his brothers, Donnchadh and Donn SIéibhe in 1397.” (125) With the existing evidence, it is an accurate assessment that JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 was a member of the landholding lineage of the Connaught branch of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN which migrated out of the Connaught counties of Galway, Mayo, and Sligo into the Ulster counties of Donegal and Fermanagh becoming one of the Herenagh Families of Donegal Co. Ireland. Upon dispossession, deportation to the New World became common practice in the following years. JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 was also most likely the grandfather of WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) of Goochland County, Virginia, 1740 and of Albemarle County, Virginia, 1744. “There was a NOWLIN family in Goochland Co. VA from the 1600's,” according to a genealogy forum posting by Susan Peters Zmrzel. (126) She evidently is relying on The Nicolaus Heinrich Crist Account Book - Nicolaus Heinrich Crist (1716-1783) & Ana Catherin NOWLIN (1720-1783). Parts of Henrico County, one of the original shires, were used to form Goochland Co. in 1728. ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY DEEDS, WILLS & GUARDIAN ACCOUNT BOOK A, 1636-1767. 1 Dec 1643 Thomas HESSON to William BRUNT for 1000 pounds tobacco...? acres on south side of JOHN NOWLIN adjoining James WATSON. Mention is made of John SEWARD and Mr. Robert PITT. Wit: JOHN NOWLIN; Rec: 19 Oct 1644; Signed: Thomas HESSON. NORTH CAROLINA: THE OLD NORTH STATE. OLD ALBEMARLE AS VIRGINIA’S FIRST FRONTIER. P. 41. “If there were in Virginia by 1650, as was estimated at that time, 15,000 white people, it is probable that some of them had pushed their settlements across the watershed dividing the streams of southeastern Virginia from those flowing into Albemarle Sound.” (127) THE NICOLAUS HEINRICH CRIST ACCOUNT BOOK - NICOLAUS HEINRICH CRIST (1716-1783) & ANA CATHERIN NOWLIN (1720-1783). 25 December 1738 - Page 44. Sir JOHN HENRY NOWLIN, Esquire and his wife ANA ELIZABETH TILLMAN NOWLIN extended an invite to me and my brothers to share a feast with them. We took him up on it. I asked Sir JOHN for his daughter CATHERIN'S hand in marriage. He approved with a hearty handshake. Everybody was happy during this festive time. 25 January 1739 - Page 46. ANNA CATHERINE became my wife today. Rev. Henrie Dreher performed the ceremony. We are so happy. So many friends neighbors and relatives came to our wedding. We got married in the little Lutheran Church here in the Colony on the Monongahela River. Catherine teaches school in the little church during the week. 25 January 1739 - Page 60. Nicholaus Heinrich Crist borne in the year of our Lord 29 October 1716 married CATHERIN NOWLIN. 2 August 1739 - Page 52. This account Book gave to me by my parents when I left the old Country is a fine gift. They gave one to all five of us. I will pass it on to my son. CATHERIN is with child. 29 October 1739 - Page 52. John Jacob Crist was borne in the year of our Lord 29 October 1739. CATHERIN was nineteen today and I was twenty three. 14 April 1749 - Page 70. Sir JOHN HENRY NOWLIN, Esquire and his wife ANA ELIZABETH, along with two sons JOHN HENRY and WILLIAM GEORGE and a daughter MARY ELIZABETH drowned. They left seven days ago to call on a brother of Sir JOHN’S that was very ill. The river was high and it was rough but Sir JOHN thought that they would be safe on the raft that we had built. The bodies was found yesterday down the river about halfway between Sir JOHN’S place and his brothers. We will bury them on the land that Sir JOHN loved so much. 15 June 1749 - Page 71. ANA CATHERINE was with child when her parents, brothers and sister drowned. We named her Mary Elizabeth Crist after Catherin's Mother and Sister. She was borne in the year of our Lord 14 June 1749 and died the next day. We buried her next to Sir JOHN and his family on his land. 20 August 1749 - Page 74. I am so worried about ANA CATHERIN. It has been a while since we lost our loved ones and she is still not well. I do not know how me and our sons can face life without her. I have got to do something to bring her back to her old self, but what? The people in the Colony are so good to us. The other women are so helpful. 22 December 1749 - Page 76. We moved into Sir JOHN’S place today it is bigger. ANA CATHERIN seems a lot better. My prayers has been answered. She is talking about teaching school again. She has been teaching our sons since they was borne but now she wants to teach others that want to learn to read and write like she did before we married. 24 December 1776 - Page 120. I guess that I am more scared now than I was coming across the ocean to America. We have six sons in Washington's Continental Army. CATHERIN and me are doing the best we can to take care of our daughters and grandchildren. Everyone is working hard from day break until dark trying to keep things going. We have seen bad times but it is worse now. Our food that we have stored is low. It seems that every one around us is in bad shape. The only thing that we can do is pray that it will get better and soon be over. Me and CATHERIN are so tired and scared, not for ourselves but for our loved ones. (128) Evidence is presented below that THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN), Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught, and JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) are both living in the Beaver Dam Creek area of Henrico County, Virginia in the early 1700's. As early as the 1630’s Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN possessed a JAMES NOWLAN, of Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo. It is, therefore, likely that THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN) and JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) of Henrico and Goochland Co. Virginia are related through the three Offaly - Kilkenny Clans: Connaught, Kilkenny (Ossory), or Tipperary Clan O'Nolan. The children of JOHN NOWLIN of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1643 who was previously living in Enniscrone Castle during the year 1641-42 are related to Thomas NOLAN of Ballinrobe Castle and Offaly - Kilkenny: Connaught. Evidence is also presented below that THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN) who died Goochland County, Virginia, 1729 may be the father of said WILLIAM. THOMAS NOLIN is in James City County Virginia, 1717. James City County is one county north and west of Isle of Wight County. THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN) OF JAMES CITY COUNTY VIRGINIA, 1717; DIED: GOOCHLAND COUNTY VIRGINIA, 1729. THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN), who died in 1729 Goochland County, Virginia, was one of the first New World born NOLAN'S (NOWLIN'S) of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN: Connaught. The possibility that he could be a brother to JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) of Carlow Clan O'NOLAN who came to the New World around 1700 has been discounted. John Ryan in The History of Carlow County, Ireland, states the possibility of there being two more brothers beyond that of JAMES, JOHN, and WILLIAM. The fact that JOHN NOLAN (NOWLIN), Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught, was in Isle of Wight, Co. VA, 1643 presents the opportunity of children. Thus, through research not available to John Ryan, THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN), who died in 1729 Goochland Co. Virginia, and JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) of Henrico and Goochland Co. Virginia have been firmly placed in the genealogical tree of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught and with regard to JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) placed in either Kilkenny (Ossory), or Tipperary Clan O'Nolan. John Ryan obviously did not consider the existence of JAMES NOWLAN, of Ballinrobe, or of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’Nolan: Connaught. The most exciting avenue of research to date is that both these men THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN) and JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) are related and of the three clans of Offaly - Kilkenny O'NOLAN. THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN) and JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) and their families were residing in the same location of Beaver Dam Creek in the early 1700's THE STRAFFORD INQUISITION OF CO. MAYO (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15). BARONY OF BURRISHOOLE. P. 25. "Said lord viscount did also, on 6 August 1632, purchase of JAMES NOWLAN, of Ballinrobe, gent. 1/2 cartron in the half qr of Rosstwogh; and 1/2 cartron in the half qr Irrishane, in the town of Ballytarsny for the consideration of £5 st." (129) Therefore, THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN), who died in 1729 Goochland County, Virginia, has been designated a descendant of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O'NOLAN: Connaught. And JAMES NOWLIN (NOWLAN) of Beaver Dam Creek in Goochland Co. has also been designated an Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’NOLAN member of either Kilkenny (Ossory), or Tipperary Clan O'NOLAN. According to Goochland County VA, Wills and Deeds, 1736-1742 and Henrico County, VA Wills and Deeds, 1707-1737, JAMES NOWLAND (NOWLIN) (NOWLING) resided on the North side of James River on Beaver Dam Creek. GOOCHLAND CO. VA WILLS & DEEDS, 1736-1742. Deed 20 March 1737, Amos Lead of Goochland Co., to John Pleasants of Henrico Co., for 50 [pounds] 250 acres on North side of James River next to Constant Lead, JAMES NOWLAND, and Buffalo Branch of Beaver Dam Creek. Wit: Stephen Woodson, William Hatcher, Thomas Childrey, Henry Sharp. Signed: Amos Lead. Recorded: 22 March 1737. HENRICO CO. VA DEEDS, 1707-1737. P. 138 Amos Ladd of St. James Parish, Henrico Co., for love and affection to my son Constantine Ladd, land on lower Beaver Dam Creek, next to JAMES NOWLING and Amos Ladd, Jr., 130 acres. 29 Sept 1727. Wit: Amos (A) Ladd, Jr., John (IL) Ladd, Joseph Ashlin. Signed: Amos (A) Ladd. Recorded: 2 Oct 1727. Below is listed an Henrico Co. VA Deed placing THOMAS NOLUN (NOLIN) on the North side of James River on Beaver Dam Creek in 1717. According to Colonial Wills of Henrico Co. VA, JAMES NOWLIN is in Henrico Co., 1720. COLONIAL WILLS OF HENRICO CO. VA. Court, 1 August 1720. P. 40, Sarah Hughes is granted administration of estate of John Hughes; Nicholas Cox and Benjamin Woodson, Security; Amos Lead, JAMES NOWLIN, John Pledge, and John Johnson to appraise his estate. HENRICO COUNTY VA DEEDS, 1706-1737. P. 211, 1 Nov. 1717 Charles Evans of Charles City Co., to THOMAS NOLIN of James City Co., for 8/6/8, 100 acres on north side of James River on Beaver Dam Creek, being part of a grant to Evans. 16 June 1714, 577 acres. Wit: Michael Cantepie, Jean Ponvielle. Signed: C. Evans. Recorded 4 Nov. 1717. Goochland Co. VA Wills and Deeds, 1728-1736 has John Bolling living next to JAMES NOWLAND (NOWLIN) (NOWLING). GOOCHLAND CO. VA WILLS AND DEEDS, 1728-1736. P. 449, Deed: 16 July 1733, Amos Lead and Constant Lead, son of said Amos, of Goochland Co., to John Bolling of Henrico Co., for 50 [pounds] 216 acres bounded by the mill belonging to the said Bolling on Horse Pen Creek, a branch of Beaver Dam Creek, and next to JAMES NOWLING. Wit: John Fleming, Leon'd Ballowe, Jos. (+) Price, James (I) Westbrook Signed: Amos (AL) Lead, Constantine (L) Lead. Recorded: 15 Jan 1733. Below are listed: A Goochland Co. VA Deed that has THOMAS NOLUN (NOLIN) buying property bounded by Bolling and the inventory of THOMAS NOLUN (NOLIN'S) estate, and a Goochland Co. VA Deed of Nicholas Davies witnessed by WILLIAM NOWLAND in 1740. Robert Hughes is listed in the below document as living next to Nicholas Davies. Robert Hughes is also listed in the inventory of THOMAS NOLIN (NOLUN'S) estate. And here is a Nicholas Davies deed witnessed by JAMES NOWLIN in Goochland Co., 1734. GOOCHLAND CO. VA WILLS AND DEEDS, 1728-1736. Deed: 26 July 1734, William Bradley of St. James Parish, Goochland Co., to Nich's Davies, Gent, of county and parish of Henrico, for 12/10 [pounds/shillings] land on Muddy Creek on South side of James River, 400 acres, bounded by Robt. Hughes, Muddy Creek, Math. Cox, Robt. Carter. Wit: JAMES NOWLIN, John Henson, Tho. Moseley. Signed: William (W) Bradley. Recorded: 20 Aug 1734. P. 190, Inventory of THOMAS NOLUN of St. James Parish, Goochland Co. dec'd, taken by court order of May 1730 by Thomas Walker, Frederick Cox, Robert Hughes. Recorded 19 May 1730. GOOCHLAND COUNTY VA: DEED RECORDS, 1740. P. 409, Deed: 23 Jan 1740, Nicholas Davies from Robert Hughes of St. James Parish, Goochland Co. for 4 [pounds or shillings], 2 acres on east side of Muddy Creek opposite mouth of School House branch. Wit: Sam'l Scott, Isac Hughes, John (I) Creasee, WILL. (M) NOWLAND. Signed: Robert Hughes Recorded 16 June 1741. Ten years earlier, Goochland County December Court, 1730 has an Action of Trespass between WILLIAM NO___? and STEPHEN HUGHES. It is listed below. GOOCHLAND COUNTY ORDER BOOK 2, 1730-1731. P. 63, In the Action of Trespass in the case between WILLIAM NO___?, Plaintiff, and STEPHEN HUGHES, Defendant, the Defendant appears at biling [filing] to plead on the Plaintiffs motion. Judgment by which ___? is granted ___? against the Defendant. For what damages hath __? _______? in this suit to be discharged ____? _____?. The Defendant shall plead at the next court. GOOCHLAND COUNTY VA: DEED RECORDS, 1728. P. 32, Deed 19 Aug. 1728 John Quin and Susanna his wife of Goochland Co. to THOMAS NOLUN of Hanover Co., for 100 [pounds], 350 acres on south side of James River at Mahook Creek, bounded by Bolling, Mahook Creek, line of [Jacob] Michaux, dec'd, with all houses, etc. Wit: James Skelton, Fra. Hamilton; Recorded: 20 Aug. 1728 Susanna Quin, wife of John, acknowledged her deed. The above deed of THOMAS NOLUN for 19 Aug 1728 and the below deed of AGNES NOLAND for 16 May 1732 mention the line of Jacob Michaux, deceased, and that of Bolling. This land was listed as the escheated property of THOMAS NOLAND. AGNES NOLAND has proven to be the widow of THOMAS NOLUN. Escheated meaning reverting back to the state or crown due to lack of heirs. Thomas and Agnes may have had children not yet of age. GOOCHLAND COUNTY VA: DEED RECORDS, 1732. P. 321, Deed: 16 May 1732, AGNES NOLAND of Goochland Co., to William Wilkison of same, carpenter, for 25 [pounds], 350 acres on South side of James River on Mahook Creek, bounded by Bolling, [Jacob] Michaux, dec'd, and granted to AGNES NOLAND: 6 May 1732. Wit: Allen Howard, Nowell Burton, Henry Hampton (H), Signed: William Wilkison, AGNES (A) NOLAND. Recorded: 16 May 1732. GOOCHLAND COUNTY VA WILLS, 1742-1749. 401, Aug 1744 JAMES NOWLAND to William Ray. 154, Aug 1746 JAMES NOWLING to Thomas Cobbs. For a list of documents in order by year, state, and country: O'NOLAN (NOWLAND) (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) (NOLEN) Census, Deed, & Land Records, 195-1990. WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) OF GOOCHLAND COUNTY VIRGINIA, 1740 & ALBEMARLE COUNTY VIRGINIA, 1744. The evidence presented shows a family migration from Albemarle (formed in 1744) to Amherst (formed in 1761) to Buckingham (formed in 1761) south to Bedford, Henry & Franklin Co. VA and further south into Washington Co. North Carolina now Tennessee. New county formations throughout Virginia and burned county records complicate the journey of family discovery. It seems clear that WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) and his family were in Buckingham Co. VA after it formed in 1761. Below is a survey record of NOLAND, WILLIAM 6 Apr 1744 400 acres on Arthur's Creek of Slate River. That land was patented in 1747. It is in present day Buckingham County, Virginia according to Genealogical Records of Buckingham County, Virginia. GENEALOGICAL RECORDS OF BUCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA. Pg. 118. "The next group of abstracts taken from Albemarle surveys, are thought to refer to land in Buckingham County." (130) WILLIAM NOLAND of Albemarle conveyed 200 acres on Arthur's Creek of Slate River to THOMAS BLAKEY of Goochland County on 8 Sept 1748. Circumstantial evidence also provides evidence that the family was in Buckingham County. A Residents Petition to the VA House of Delegates, 1785 - Buckingham Co. VA signed by JOHN STOVALL & THOMAS BLAKY offer proof that the family was in Buckingham County. WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) is in Albemarle County, VA formed in 1744. This NOLEN line has extensive roots in the South. Albemarle Co. VA was formed from Goochland Co. VA in 1744. There is a THOMAS NOLUN in Goochland Co. VA from 1728-1729. Deed records for Goochland Co. VA show WILLIAM NOWLAND in Goochland Co. prior to the formation of Albemarle. In 1730, Goochland Co. VA has listed the record of inventory for THOMAS NOLUN'S estate. ALBEMARLE CO. VA ROAD ORDERS, 1744-1748. Albemarle Co. VA Road Orders, 1744-1748. 13 February 1746 O. S. P. 219. Ordered ARTHUR McDANIEL be Overseer in the Room of WILLIAM CABELL Gent. from the head of Sycamore Island Creek to Glovers Road and that the hands of WILLIAM NOWLAND, Mrs. PATTESON, JOHN RIPLEY, JAMES GATES, THOMAS TURPIN, ABRAHAM SMITH, ANTHONY BINNIS, JOHN GORDON, SACHEVEREL WHITEBREAD, SAMUEL BAILY and ROBERTSON BAILY’S hands do Clear the same. 14 August 1746 O. S. P. 143. Ordered a Road from NICHOLAS DAVIS Plantation at the Blue Ridge falls to Beaver Creek be Opened and that the Male Tithes of NICHOLAS DAVIS, WILLIAM STITH, JOHN BOLLING, and GEORGE STOBALL do clear the same. JOHN STONE, Overseer. It is likewise Ordered the said Road be Carried from thence to the South End of Slate River Mountains and that the Hands on the South Side the main river between Beaver Creek and Slate River Mountain do Clear the same JAMES CHRISTIAN, Overseer, and that the said Road be carried from thence a Cross Slate River near the Mouth of the Great Creek and that ALLEN HOWARD do mark off the said Road. 9 April 1747 O. S. P. 268. Ordered the Male Tithables of TYE CHAMBERLAIN, WILLIAM MOOR, JOHN ANTHONY’S, HENRY MARTIN, THOMAS CRAWLEY, SAMUEL CRAWLEY, THOMAS GOOLSBY and JOHN GOOLSBY do Clear the Road from the Court House to MARTIN KINGS Road, JOHN ANTHONY, Overseer. A survey record from 1 Jan 1744 to 10 June 1745 for Albemarle Co. VA lists William NOLAND or NOWLAND as residing on 400 acres. ALBEMARLE COUNTY COURT ORDER BOOK, 1744/45-1745/46. Joshua Fry Gent: Surveyor of this County presented a List of the Surveys made by him from the first of Jan: 1744 to June xxlO. 1745. Ordered to be Recorded. A true and perfect List of All the Surveys made by me in the County of Albemarle and Parish of Saint Anns &c. Acres For Edmund Wood........ 350 For John Hubbard........400 For George Holms........163 For Thomas Harvey.......400 For George Holms........347 For Thomas Potter.......400 For James Goss..........400 For William Hunt Alien..394 For William Rickley.....283 For Henry Hamilton......400 For Arthur. McDaniel. ..400 For Samuel Bailey.......100 For Arthur McDaniel.....400 For Patrick Obrian......400 For William Alien Gent..100 For Patrick Obrian......400 For William Alien Gent..400 For John Blackburn......395 For Thomas Patterson....370 For Thomas Jones........243 For Thomas Patterson....400 For Thomas Jones....... 340? For William Perkins.....387 For Samuel Glover.......375 For William Perkins.....400 For Samuel Glover junr..400 For WILLIAM NOLAND... ..400 For James Mcneal........376 For John Goodwin...... .350 For Samuel Steephens....200 For Joseph Thomas.......200 For John Glover.........400 For Edward Thomas.......140 For John Childers.......300 For James Gates.........400 For Sacheverel Whitebread 400 For Samuel Moor.........100 ALBEMARLE COUNTY SURVEYOR'S PLAT BOOK 1. Note: Old Albemarle County before 1761 included the present day counties of Amherst, Buckingham, Fluvanna, Nelson and a part of Appomattox. It did not include the northern part of present day Albemarle Co. until 1761, which was Fredericksville Parish, a part of Louisa Co. In the 1740's and 1750's, the part of the James River above the Rivanna River was generally called the Fluvanna River, although occasionally you will find the use of James. Page, Grantee, Survey Date, Acres, Notes, Neighbors, etc. 5 Perkins, Wm. 4 Apr 1744 400 on branches of Ripley's Creek Athur McDaniel NOLAND, WILLIAM 6 Apr 1744 400 Arthur's Creek of Slate River Goodwin, Jno. 6 Apr 1744 350 on Slate River Road, on south branch of Rock Island Creek Thomas, Joseph 5 Apr 1744 200 branch of Red Rock Creek Thomas, Edward 5 Apr 1744 190 __ Creek 38 Gates, James 4 Apr 1747 150 on branches of Arthur's Creek of Slate River WM. NOWLAND, Wm. Chambers NOWLAND; WM. 3 Apr 1747 400 on branches of Allens Creek of Slate River Wm. Chambers 39 Gates, James 1 Apr 1747 400 on branches of Arthur's Creek of Slate River WM. NOWLAND, Wm Chambers 140 Burton, Isaiah Junr. 8 Mar 1749 400 on both sides of Waltons fork & Arthurs Creek of Slate River WM. NOLAND. Wm. Walton, Jno. Ripley 141 Burton, Isaiah 8 Mar 1749 1788 on north branches of Slate River Isaiah Burton Junr., Wm. Walton, James Gates, William Maxey, Thos. & Dabbs, Thos. Blakey, WM. NOWLAND 289 NOWLIN, PATRICK 5 Nov 1754 60 on Biscuit Run on North side of Hardware River (Transferred to John Henderson) PATRICK NOWLIN, Joseph Anthony, Wm. Falkner 290 Royalty, Conner 5 Nov 1754 163 on North side of Hardware River on the branches of Biscuit Run PATRICK NOWLIN, Thomas Haynes, John Carter, Esq., Thomas Beowm [Brown] ALBEMARLE COUNTY WILLS & DEEDS NO. 1748-1752. 8 Sept 1748. THIS INDENTURE made the Eight day of September in year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and Forty eight Between WILLIAM NOLAND of County of Albemarle of one part and THOMAS BLAKEY of County of GOOCHLAND of other part Witnesseth that WILLIAM NOLAND for Fifty pounds of lawfull money of Virginia doth sell unto THOMAS BLAKEY his heirs one certain parcell of land containing Two hundred acres being in Albemarle County of ARTHURS CREEK of SLATE RIVER which said Two hundred acres of land is part of Four hundred acres which was granted unto WILLIAM NOLAND by Patent bearing date the Twentieth day of August One thousand seven hundred and Forty seven in the Twenty first year of his Majesties Reign it being the part of said tract of land whereon WILLIAM NOLAND now dwelleth situate together with the Improvements thereon made To have and to hold said Plantation and tract of land with the appurtenances unto THOMAS BLAKY his heirs and assigns forever. In Witness whereof WILLIAM NOLAND to these presents hath set his hand and Seal in the presence of us Witness: ISAAC BATES, WILLIAM NOLAND. JOHN WATKINS, PATK. NAPIER Albemarle Set, March Court MDCCXLVIII This Deed vith Livery of Seizin & the Receipt was presented in Court by said NOLAND & by him acknowledged to be his act and deed & on motion of THOMAS BLAKY was ordered to be recorded, JANE; the Wife of said WILLIAM NOLAND having been first privately examined relinquished her right of Dover to the within granted lands & premises. DEED ABSTRACTS OF ALBEMARLE CO. VA 1758-1761. 9 November 1758. 26, ALBEMARLE COUNTY, DEED BOOK 2. THIS INDENTURE made this ninth day of November one thousand seven hundred and fifty eight between WILLIAM NOWLIN of one party & JOHN NOWLIN of the other party Witnesseth that WILLIAM NOWLIN doth give unto the said JOHN NOWLIN Two hundred acres of land lying on the lower side of my plantation being part of the tract of land lying on both sides of Arthur's Creek .. in Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand & seal the day & date above written. ....Presence WM. CHAMBERS, THOMAS BLAKEY. WILLIAM\X/NOWLIN. Another possible relative of WILLIAM NOWLIN is an ELENDER NOWLIN who married Robert Willis and had son William Willis born 20 September 1760 in Goochland Co. VA. William Willis “enlisted for service in the Revolutionary War at Williamsburg, VA in the winter of 1775. He must have been on speaking terms with Gen. George Washington because he was discharged in February of 1778 "at a camp called Valley Forge." William Willis married Elizabeth at a date unknown. William is buried in Post Oak Graveyard.” (131) The above quote is from Wigton-Walkers: Captain Joseph R. Walker A Family Tree. NOTES 1,000 Years of O’Nolan History 1. James Joyce's Ulysses: Cyclops (U12.1183). 2. Meaning of Common Irish Names @ http://britam.org/genealogy/celts.htm. http://www.4crests.com/orof40moscom.html Family Crests and Coats of Arms: Origin of the 40 Most Common Irish Surnames. http://britam.org/genealogy/celts.html Meaning of Common Irish Names. "Nolan/Knowlan: O Nuallain (nuall, shout). In early times holding hereditary office under the Kings of Leinster, the cheif of this sept was known as Prince of Foherta, i.e. the barony of forth, in the present county of Carlow where the name was and still is very numerous. A branch migrated to east Connacht and Co. Longford. In Roscommon and Mayo Nolan is used synonymously with Holohan (from the genitive plural); and in Fermanagh as an anglicized from of O hUltachain. There was also a sept of the name of Corca Laoidhe, which is now represented in Co. Kerry. " 3. Galway Castle Owners, 1574, 109. 4. Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of Burke, Nolan, Cuff, and Knox, 541. 5. Galway’s First Nolan Family - An Overview, The Nolan, Newsletter of the O’Nolan Clan Family Association, March 2009, Issue 19, 4. 6. Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland, Laoise T. Moore,1,* Brian McEvoy,1,* Eleanor Cape,1 Katharine Simms,2 and Daniel G. Bradley1, 1Smurfit Institute of Genetics and 2School of Histories and Humanities, Trinity College, Dublin, American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 78, February 2006, 3. 7. Ibid, 4. 8. Roger Nowlan, Secretary of the Nolan Clan Association, e-mail 31 July 2006. 9. Irish Ancestors - County Galway (Gaillimh) @ http://scripts.ireland.com/ancestor/browse/counties/connacht/index_ga.htm. 10. Irish Midlands Ancestry - More Laois & Offaly Surnames G-H @ http://www.irishmidlandsancestry.com/content/family_history/surnames/minorsepts_g-h.htm. Hennessy Hennessy is a name from which the prefix O has been entirely dropped in modern times, though O'Hennessy was still widely used in the seventeenth century. In Irish it is O hAonghusa, i.e. descendant of Aonghus or Angus. The principal sept of this name was located near the town of Kilbeggan and Croghan Hill, their territory being chiefly in the northern part of Co. Offaly, where they shared with O'Holohan the lordship of Clan Cholgain; a branch of this was located nearer to Dublin, the head of it being chief of Gailenga Beg on the north side of the River Liffey on the borders of Counties Meath and Dublin. The latter was displaced by the Anglo-Norman invasion. The Offaly O'Hennessys spread into Tipperary and Clare - in the latter county they are now called Henchy, formerly Hensey. Dr. Florence Hensey (b. 1715), whose trial in London as a secret agent of France in 1758 was a cause celebre, was one of these. Another distinct sept of O'Hennessy was of Corca Laoidhe, located near Ross Bay in South-west Cork. At the present day the name is principally associated with places called Ballyhennessy in Co. Clare, Co. Cork and Co. Kerry (near the Limerick border). To most people the name Hennessy suggests brandy rather than Ireland. The French Hennessy, famous for their cognac, are of Irish stock. Richard Hennessy (b. 1720), of Ballymacroy, Co. Cork (Mallow area), joined his Wild Geese relatives in France and became an officer in Dillon's Regiment: he fought at Fontneoy in 1742 and later settled in Cognac. His son James was a member of the French Chamber of Deputies and became a peer of France, though an Irishman and never naturalized. He married a Martell, another name intimately associated with cognac or brandy. Other Hennessys worthy of mention are Nicholas O'Hennessy, the Cistercian Bishop of Waterford and Lismore from 1480 to 1482, Henry Hennessy (1826-1901), scientist, Professor of Engineering in Newman's Catholic University (Dublin), and Sir John Pope Hennessy (1834-1891), first Catholic Conservative Irish M.P. at Westminster, both Corkmen; and the Kerryman William Hennessy (1828-1889), Gaelic scholar; while Irish-Americans of note were Most Rev. John Hennessy (1825-1900), Archbishop of Dubuque, and William John Hennessy, painter, son of John Hennessy, the Young Irelander. 11. History Series #1 - The History of Osraighe: The Roots of County Kilkenny @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/history/ossory.htm. About 737 the Osraighe are noted to have raided and devastated two territories to their north, Cinel Fiachach and Dealbhna [Ethra], located in the southern portion of Co. Meath and northern section of Co. Offaly. About 749 the Osraighe attacked a territory to their east known as Fotharta Fea, in the eastern portion of modern Co. Carlow. Both of these 'raids into nearby territories may have been initiated by Anmchaidh, son of Cú Cherca, who is noted as king of Osraighe about this time. We find him mentioned at the battle of Bealach Gabhrain (the pass of Gowran in east-central Osraighe) in 756 when the Osraighe and the men of Leinster were battling once more. It appears the Osraighe were the victors in this engagement under their king Anmchaid mac Cú Chercca, for it is noted that Donngal, son of Laidhgnen, lord of Ui Ceinsealaigh [south Leinster], was killed in the battle. Of the men of Leinster the Ui Ceinsealaigh are often noted in battle with the Osraighe. After the death of Anmchaid, about the year 760, we find the Osraighe again battling among themselves, as mentioned in the annals for the years 764 and again about 781. 12. The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O’Kelly’s Country, Author: unknown, ed. John O'Donovan, compiled by Beatrix Färber and Benjamin Hazard, Publication: CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland -- http://www.ucc.ie/celt (2004) @ http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G105007.html, 40. Genealach Sil n-Anmchada Anmchad, mac Eogain Buacc, mic Cormaic, mic Cairpri Chruim, tri meic lais, .i. Dondgalach, ocus Fiangalach, ocus Forbasach. Maelduin, mac Donngalaig, da mac lais, .i. Cobthach, ocus Indrachtach. Gadra, mac Dunagaig, mic Loingsig, mic Dunagaid, mic Cobthaig, mic Mailiduin, mic Donngalaig, mic Anmchada. Maelcothaig, mac Donngaili, mic Anmchada. Da mac Dunagaig, mic Cobthaig, .i. Loingsech, ocus Draignen, a quo h-Ua Draignen,75 .i. Ceandfaelad, mac Find, mic Tresaig, mic Draignen, mic Dunadaig. Coig meic Loingsig, .i. Gadra, ocus Gledra, ocus Cinaeth, ocus Currain, a quo h-Ua Churrain,76 ocus Flandchad, a quo h-Ua Flandchada.77 Echtigern, mac Gadra, mic Loingsig. h-Ua Chinaeith,78 o Chinaeth, mac Loingsig. h-Ua Gledra,79 o Gledra, mac Loingsich. Dongalach, mac Anmchaid, a quo Muinnter Chobthaig,80 p.40 ocus h-Ui Donngalaig.81 Fiangalach, mac Anmchaid, a quo Muinnter Chonnagain, 82 ocus meic Cadhusaig, 83 ocus h-Ui Ainchine, 84 mic Ceallaig, ocus h-Ua Bimnein 85 mic Muireadaig, ocus h-Ua Tholairg 86 mic Neill, ocus h-Ua Aithusa 87 mic Neill, ocus h-Ua Braenain, 88 ocus Muinnter Chicharan, 89 ocus Muinntir Rodaigi, 90 ocus Muinnter Congalaig, 91 ocus h-Ua Daigin.92 Uallachan, mac Flaind, mic Flandchada, mic Innrachtaig, mic Mailiduin, mic Donngaili, mic Anmchaid, mic Eogain Buac. Is o'n Uallachan sin Meg Uallachain, 93 .i. sein-riga na n-Anmchadach. Lorcan, mac Muroin, mic Floind, mic Indrachtaig, a quo h-Ua Dublaich. 94 Forbusach, mac Anmchada, a quo Muinnter Lorcain, 95 ocus Mic Ceillaig, 96 ocus h-Ua Findachtaig, 97 ocus h-Ua Coscraid, 98. 13. Corpus of Electronic Texts, The History of Ireland (Book I-II) (Author: Geoffrey Keating) Section 44, Part 54 @ http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text054.html, 314-315. Section 44 (XLIV.) As to Conn's other brother, namely, Fiachaidh Suighdhe, he got land near Tara, namely, the Deise Teamhrach; and he did not become king of Ireland. Now he had three sons, namely, Rossa and Aonghus, called Aonghus Gaoibuaibhtheach, and Eoghan, the third son. But Aonghus Gaoibuaibhtheach surpassed his contemporaries in valour. And Cormac at that time was at enmity with a powerful personage, and no one protected him from Cormac but Aonghus Gaoibuaibhtheach; and the king gave Aonghus to him as a security. Aonghus took this nobleman under his protection. But after this, Ceallach son of Cormac took this nobleman prisoner in violation of the security of Aonghus, and took out his eyes without the king's permission. When Aonghus Gaoibuaibhtheach heard this, he proceeded to Tara, accompanied by a numerous host, and slew Ceallach by a cast of his spear, as he stood behind king Cormac in the court, and wounded the king himself in the eye, leaving him with only one eye. Cormac assembled a large host and banished Aonghus and his kinsmen. These descendants of Fiachaidh Suighdhe involved Cormac in much fighting. However, Cormac drove them into Leinster, and they remained there a year; and thence they went to Osruighe, and thence they came to Oilill Olom, whose wife, Sadhbh daughter of Conn, was their kinswoman. Oilill Olom gave them the Deise in Munster, for their native territory was the Deise Teamhrach, before they were banished by Cormac. These three sons of Fiachaidh Suighdhe divided that territory between them into three parts; and they are called the descendants of Oilill Earann, and the Earna. However, they are not the Earna, but the descendants of Conaire son of Mogh Lamha it is these that were styled the Earna. It is p. 315 Corc Duibhne son of Cairbre Musc who was chief over the descendants of Fiachaidh Suighdhe who came to Munster; and it was these descendants that were called the Deise; and Aonghus son of Eochaidh Fionn son of Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar was their leader when coming to Munster, and with him were the three sons of Fiachaidh Suighdhe, namely, Rossa, Eoghan, and Aonghus. About that time Cairbre Musc had acquired great power in Munster; and in his time adversity and crop-failure had come upon Munster. Nor was this strange, for it was by incest and crime that he became father of Corc by Duibhfhionn, his own sister; for they were the children of Conaire son of Mogh Lamha and of Saruit daughter of Conn Ceadchathach. When the Munster nobles observed the adversity that came with Cairbre's reign, they asked him what had deprived the country of its produce and its prosperity. Cairbre replied that it was because he had committed incest with his sister Duibhfhionn, and she had borne him two sons, to wit Corc and Cormac; and when the Munster nobles heard this, they demanded the sons, in order to destroy them—to burn them, and let their ashes go with the stream. ‘Act in that way towards Cormac,’ said Dinneach the Druid; ‘but do not kill Corc, but let him be given to me, that I may take him out of Ireland.’ This was granted to him; and he took him with him to sea, to Inis Baoi; and he found a house on the island in which was a crone called Baoi; and the druid placed Corc under her protection, and he remained with her for a year, and at the end of the year the druid took Corc and placed him under the protection of Saruit daughter of Conn, who was grandmother to the child, both on his father's and mother's side. As to the Deise, they inquired of their filés whether they were fated to have rest or dwelling in Munster; and the filés told them in reply to stay in the country, and that the wife of Criomhthann son of Eanna Cinnsealach, king of Leinster, whose name was 14. Roger Nowlan, Secretary of the Nolan Clan Association, e-mail of 12 December 2005. 15. Ibid, 13 December 2005. 16. The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country (Author: [Unknown]), 40 (Section 1), Footnote 93. This name is now always anglicised Cuolahan, though in the old records relating to the property of this family, in the reign of James I., it is more correctly made McCouleghan. In O'Dugan's topographical poem, this family is called O' h-Uallacháin, and styled chiefs of Sil Anmchadha; but it appears from other authorities that the 'Mac' is the more usual prefix. The present head of this family is Henry Cuolahan, Esq., of Cogran House, in the parish of Lusmagh, on the east side of the Shannon, in the King's County, which parish originally formed a part of the territory of Sil-Anmchadha, of which this family were chieftains before the O'Maddens. 17. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. LIV (2002), Ó Cearbhaill, Diarmuid: The Colahans—a remarkable Galway family. Snadh na Sean, 121. 18. Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland, IX. The Gaels, 96-7 @ http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/cairney/96.htm and http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/cairney/97.htm. The O’Houlihans (O hUallachain) were originally chiefs in County Clare, where their arms and their proximity to Aidhne suggest a clan affiliation with the O’Shaughnessys (both the O’Shaughnessys and the O’Heynes had important medieval branches settled in just over the Clare border in Limerick). The O’Houlihans were in any case pushed by Cromwell into Connacht, though; some were dispersed southward to County Cork, where they adopted the form "Holland," by which name they are still known. In Roscommon and Mayo the name became Nuallachain, and was Anglicized as Nolan. The O’Scanlans (O Scannlain) of south Galway and Clare are kinsmen to the O’Shaughnessys and O’Heynes, and a branch of them spread southward as an ecclesiastical sept, being formerly erenaghs of Gloyne in Gounty Gork. 19. From the BBC: DNA analysis tracks Silk Road forbears, Sciforums.com @ http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?threadid=3781. Modern humans migrated out of Africa into Central Asia before spreading both east and west into North America and Europe, says an international team of scientists who have used modern DNA analysis to trace ancient migrations. "Around 40-50,000 years ago, Central Asia was full of tropical trees, a good place for hunting and fishing," said Nadira Yuldasheva of the Institute of Immunology at the Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. "Then, as desertification came in, some people moved west into Europe and some moved into Siberia and on into North America," she told BBC News Online. Her colleague Professor Ruslan Ruzibakiev organised the collection of thousands of blood samples across Central Asia and the Caucusus. Shuffling DNA. They are now working with Spencer Wells at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK, using telltale mutations of the Y-chromosome to trace the paths of the ancient travellers. Dr Wells explained why the Y-chromosome holds the key to tracking lines of descent. "The cool thing about the Y-chromosome is that it doesn't recombine," he said. When a child is created, its DNA comes from both its parents. "The DNA is shuffled like a pack of cards," Dr Wells said. Family tree But if it the child is a boy, his Y-chromosome can only come from his father, since only men have Y-chromosomes. So any mutations to the Y-chromosome, which take place naturally over time, are passed directly from father to son without any shuffling. Researchers like Dr Wells and Dr Yuldasheva have used these inherited markers to trace a family tree of human history. And by comparing this tree with known archaeological and linguistic facts, they believe that they have developed a more detailed understanding of how anatomically modern humans moved around the world. Regional 'Adams' "It looks like Central Asia was settled really early, around 40,000 years ago, as humans came out of Africa. We can trace back to regional 'Adams'," said Dr Wells. "Our regional 'Adam's' descendants moved up to the steppe lands - probably because of climate change and then went west. "These would have been the Cro-Magnons, the people who correspond to our popular image of the cave man," he said. "A second wave moved along the steppe belt well to the east into the Americas," he added. 'Aryan' expansion Dr Wells and his colleagues believe that their work also traces the expansion of the Indo-Iranian people known as the Kurgan civilisation, or more popularly Aryans. "We have a diagnostic Indo-Iranian marker," he said, referring to one of the Y-chromosome mutations. This marker shows the progress of the 'Aryans' into India and beyond. These Indo-Iranians spoke a language which is believed to be the forerunner of most modern tongues. Some people living high in the mountain valleys of Central Asia still speak a form of Sogdian - the last living form of Indo-Iranian. The study also shows how successful emigrants from Central Asia were able to spread their language further than their genes. DNA samples from Iran show far fewer Indo-Iranian markers in the west of the country, despite an Indo-Iranian language being dominant across the region. One explanation, said Dr Wells, could be that the incomers were so successful that the original inhabitants of the region began to adopt the newcomers' language. Modern diversity Modern Central Asia's diverse genetic mix is explained by the migrations that came much later, when the Silk Road carried wealth and trade goods from China to Europe and back. These migrations are reflected in the DNA, too, and it is clear that despite the majority of modern Central Asians speaking Turkic languages, they derive much of their genetic heritage from the conquering Mongol warriors of Genghis Khan. "Central Asia is revealed to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity, and the source of at least three waves of migration, leading into Europe, the Americas and India," the researchers wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 20. Nigel Pennick, The Sacred World of the Celts @ Celtic History; Briefly… @ http://www.joellessacredgrove.com/Celtic/history.html. The peoples known as the Celts are thought to have originated in central Europe, to the east of the Rhine in the areas now part of southern Germany, Austria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. From around 3,400 years ago, these proto-Celtic peoples expanded across the Continent, and eventually inhabited a large portion of central, western, and northwestern Europe. During the Classical periosd of Greece and Rome, Celtic culture was predominiant to the north of the Alps. Even today, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Cornwall, Cumbria and Brittany are basically Celtic in character. Despite the changes that time has brought, the influence of Celtic traditionis still fundamental. From "The Sacred World of the Celts" by Nigel Pennick 21. Murray Hope, Practical Celtic Magic @ Celtic History; Briefly… @ http://www.joellessacredgrove.com/Celtic/history.html. The Celts were a southern European people of Indo-Aryan origin who first surfaced in Bohemia and travelled west in search of the home of the sun. Science has recently established their basic blood group as 'O', in keeping with their modern descendants, which designates them as a seperate race from the aboriginals of the sourthern Indian subcontinent, where the 'B' blood group perdominates. History tells us that there were two main Celtic groups, one of which is referred to as the 'lowland Celts' who hailed from the region of the Danube. These people left their native pastures around 1200 BC and slowly made their way across Europe, founding the lake dwellings in Switzerland, the Danube valley and Ireland. They were skilled in the use of metals and worked in gold, tin and bronze. Unlike the more familiar Celtic strain these people were an agriculturally oriented race, being herdsmen, tillers and artificers who burned rather than buried their dead. They blended peacefully with the megalithic people among whom they settled, contributing powerfully to the religion, art, and customs they encountered as they slowly spread westwards. Their religious beliefs also differed from the next group, being predominately matriarchal. The second group, often referred to as the 'true' Celts, followed closely behind their lowland cousins, making their first appearance on the left bank of the Rhine at the commencement of the sixth century BC. These people, who came from the mountainous regions of the Balkans and Carpathians, were a military aristocracy. Reputed to love fighting for the sake of it they were frequently to be found among the mercenaries of the great armies of those early times. They had a distinct class system, the observance of which constituted one of their major racial features. These were the warlike Celts of ancient history who sacked Rome and Delphi, eventually marching victoriously across much of Europe and the British Isles. But in spite of their martial inclinations they were also known for their qualities of chivalry, courage and dauntless bravery, their more aggressive tendencies being balanced out by a great sensitivity to music, poetry and philosophy. Unlike the lowland Celts these people buried their dead, and their elaborate religious rituals held in honour of Lugh are well recounted in the pages of the recorded past. ~From "Practical Celtic Magic" by Murry Hope 22. Rev. John Nolan and Art Kavanagh, O’Nolan: The History of a People, Nolan Clan Association, 2000, 79. 23. Long Ago in Ireland @ http://www.lawrencetown.com/longago.htm. 1238 - Castles were build in Muintir Murchadha, Conmaicne Cuile and Cera by the Norman barons. A garrison to maintain the lord’s authority, to protect his colonists and to command his country, was housed in this castle. The territory they controlled was generally the same as the old Irish Tuath. As Prendergast got the area around Shrule but soon after sold it to Roche who in turn sold it to Fitzgerald, it is not known which of the barons started the construction of Shrule castle. The land around each castle was then arranged into estates so as to raise revenue, those estates were like small kingdom. The lord of the “manor estate” was a law into himself, having the civil, judicial and military power into his own hand. 24. Cuffe Family Message Board @ Ancestry.com: The Cuffes of Desart Court, 1583-1679, Author: Turtle Bunbury. 25. Ireland’s History in Maps - Ui Maine of Connacht @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/uimaine.htm Following the coming of the Normans beginning in the 13th century, a portion of ancient Ui Maine later became known as the district of Clanricarde, named for a branch of the Burke family. This included much of the baronies of Loughrea, Kiltartan, Clare, Dunkellin, Athenry and Leitrim, in co. Galway, according to O'Donovan. 26. Ireland in the 12th Cenury @ http://www.parle.co.uk/genealogy/early_ireland.htm. In the meantime, many of the Normans who had succeeded in establishing themselves among the Irish had taken Irish wives and become ‘more Irish than the Irish themselves’. What followed in Ireland of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries was a change from acquiring lordship over men to colonizing land. The founding of borough towns, castles and churches; the importing of tenants; and the increase in agriculture and commerce were among the changes brought on by the Cambro-Normans following the Invasion. 27. Long Ago in Ireland. 1465 - Exceeding great frost and snow and stormy weather that year, so that no herb grew on the ground and no leaf budded on a tree until the feast of St. Brendan At this stage the Lower McWilliams had achieved absolute power in our area, so much so that he considered himself independent from the Crown. He was Catholic and founded churches and monasteries with many Burkes becoming churchmen some of whom won distinction. He adopted Irish customs, laws, language and our system of succession to chieftaincy. The Norman intermarried with the Irish, in all things he became Irish but one: He was a feudal lord, owning all the land, everyone else being tenants, contrary to the Brehon laws that guaranteed to everybody a God given right to possess some land from which no rent could be raised. This marked the Norman Lord as a foreigner, no matter how hard he tried to be Irish. 28. Hardiman’s History of Galway, James Hardiman, The History of the Town and County of the Town of Galway, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, (Galway: Connacht Tribune) Reprint, 1926, 22-23. 29. Ibid. 30. O’Nolan: The History of a People, 97. 31. Ibid. 32. Ibid, 198. 33. Ibid, 97. 34. Old Irish Kingdoms and Clans @ http://members.aol.com/hgurski3/ireclans.htm. Osraige (Ossory) The ancient Kingdom of Osraige, whose first king was Aengus Osrithe, flourished in the second century of the Christian era. In the fifth century the neighbouring tribe of the Deisi, aided by the Corca Laighde, conquered South Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca Laighde chiefs ruled in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs. Early in the seventh century the ancient chiefs recovered much of their lost possessions, the foreigners were overcome, and the descendants of Aengus ruled once more. One of the greatest was Carroll, prominent in the ninth century and distinguished in the Danish wars. Kilkenny County forms much of what was known as the kingdom of Ossory. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210, and also became the residence of Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, Strongbow's heir and descendent, by whom Kilkenny Castle was built. Before the fourteenth century Marshall's inheritance passed to the Butlers. Source: various 35. History Series #2 - From Ossory to the County of Kilkenny Ireland @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/kmedeval.htm The Siol Ui Luachra, i.e. the descendants of Luachair, would seem to have given name to Shillelogher cantred (later a barony). The O'Sheas and O'Clerys, immigrants from Munster, were noted around Shillelogher in the 12th century. 36. O’Nolan: The History of a People, 291. 37. Ibid. 38. The Strafford Inquisition of Co. Mayo (R. I. A. MS 24 E 15), 44. 39. Ibid. 40. Ibid, 65-67. 41. Ibid. 42. Ibid. 43. Ibid. 44. Ibid, 74. 45. Ibid, 75. 46. Cullen Surname Origins Part III: O’Cullen of Munster compiled by Jim Cullen @ http://www.lrbcg.com/jtcullen/CullHis3.htm. We'll take a closer look at the Corca Laoighdhe (Loigde, Loighdhe, Luighe) which was an important early clan that ruled in Munster before the rise of the Eoghanact dynasty. They were of the Lugadian race from Lugaidh, son of Ith, an uncle of Milesius, and held their territory in Carbery in the west of County Cork. They are said to be the descendants of Lughaidh Laidhe (or Loigde), 22'nd in descent from Ithe, uncle of Milesius. Lugaidhe MacCon, t he grandson of Lughaidh Laidhe, was the 113'th Monarch of Ireland from 195 A.D. to 225 A.D. The territory of the Corca Laoighdhe was approximately the diocese of Ross in southwest County Cork but they were later pushed further south with the rise of the Eoghanachta. The Corca Laoighdhe were likely from the stock of the Erainn people who arrived in Ireland about the 5'th century B.C. Also known as the Menapii or Bolgi (Belgae, Firbolgs), the name of the Erainn people survived as the Old Irish Eriu which then became Eire, the modern Irish form of the name of Ireland. The ruling sept of the Corca Laoighdhe was O'Driscoll while some other related septs were O'Coffey, O'Dinneen, O'Driscoll, O'Flynn, O'Fihelly, O'Hea, O'Hennessy, and O'Leary. An early genealogy of the Corca Laoighdhe is cited as: Luigdech Loigde (for whom the Corca Laoighdhe is named), the son of Dairi [Doimtig] no Sirchrechtaig, the son of Sidebuilg, the son of Fir Suilne, the son of Tecmanrach, the son of Loga, the son of Eithlenn, the son of Luigdech, the son of Bregaind. Some of the early mentions of the Corca Laoighdhe in the Annals are: Flann Foirtrea, Lord of Corco Laigde, who died in 746; Maelbracha, son of Breslen, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 800; Bruadar, son of Dunlang, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 860; in 893 there is a note on the mortal wounding of the three sons of Duibhghilla, son of Bruadar (above), in the territory of the Deisi; and in 944 Finn, the son of Mutain, Lord of Corco Laighdhi was slain. Of special interest here is that, among the descendants of Dairi [Doimtig] no Sirchrechtaig, there is mentioned one Lugaid Corp, from whom is descended Dal Mis Corb of Leinster. We'll set this genealogy aside and mention for now that the Dal Messin Corb was a very early tribe that dwelt in the area of northern County Wicklow, having been driven out of the vale of the River Liffey after the arrival of the Ui Dunlainge about the 5'th century. There is the possibility that the O'Cuillin sept of the area of Glencullen, later associated with the group of septs comprising the Feara Cualann, may actually have been descended from the Dal Messin Corb. 47. The Tribes of Laigen - Leinster Series @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/leinst2.htm. Clann Colgcan. Septs of Clann Cholgaín noted in northern Offaly (centered in the barony of Lower Philipstown, Co. Offaly) were the septs of Ua hUallachain (O'Holohan or O'Houlihan) and Ua hAonghusa (O'Hennessy). Other Clann Colgcan septs noted in the ancient genealogies included the Uí Rotaidi, the Uí Muricáin, the Uí Bróen and the Uí Cholgan. MacLysaght (Irish Families) mentions that a branch of Clan Cholgain was located nearer to Dublin, the head of it being chief of Gailenga Beg on the north side of the River Liffey on the borders of Counties Meath and Dublin, before being displaced by the Anglo-Norman invasion (late 12th century). For reference, also see O'Hennessy of Gailenga Bec, and of Uí Mac Uais. MacLysaght also mentions the Offaly O'Hennessys spread into Tipperary and Clare - in the latter county they are now called Henchy, formerly Hensey. The Book of Ballymote mentions the descent of Clann Colcan from Colgu, son of Maelduin, however the genealogies in Rawlinson B502 seem to indicate Clann Colgcan in descent from Colgcan son of Mugróin. An early Clann Colgcan (Ua hUallachain) genealogy (Rawlinson): Mac Tíre Úa h-Uallacháin m. Cuiléoin m. Conchobuir m. Meic Thíre m. h-Uallacháin m. Fogartaich m. Cumascaig m. Colgcan m. Mugróin m. Flaind Dá Chongal m. Díumasaich m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail [m. Éogain] m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi m. Cathaír Máir. An early Clann Colgcan (Ua hAonghusa) genealogy (Rawlinson): Domnall Úa Óengusa m. Áeda m. Uallacháin m. Taidgc m. Uallacháin m. Taidgc m. Domnaill m. Óengusa m. Cummascaig m. Colgcan m. Mugróin m. Flaind Dá Chongal m. Díumasaich m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail [m. Éogain] m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi m. Cathaír Máir. The Annals cite: C1414, Murchad O hAengusa, chieftain of the Clann Colcan, died in the month of August. C1419, Muiris O hAengusa, eligible for the chieftainship of the Clann Colcan, died this year. History of Carlow Clan O’Nolan and Tipperary Clan O'Nolan. 1. Noland History by Sharon Noland @ http://www.members.tripod.com/nolandsharon/history.htm. Noland Coat of Arms and Motto The Noland heraldic coat of arms is an ancient family crest that was bestowed on members of the Noland clan centuries ago for military services and steadfast loyalty which had been rendered by the Nolands to kings and chiefs of ancient Ireland. One of the first recording of the Noland family crest was for the Chiefs of Fotharta-Tea. This area is now the Barnoy of Forth (Carlow). The crest or coat of arms plaque is dissected by a red cross which symbolized the powerful undergirding of faith and strength which the Nolands held in their belief and trust in God. Each quarter of the cross contains an unsheathed sword upraised and ready to do battle to protect the things they held dear. The red color on the swords denotes the blood lost in battles fought in defense of their honor and beliefs. Each leg of the red cross shows a legendary bird called a Mariet, which is always drawn without feet. The Mariet symbolized great courage and is usually the distinctive mark of a fourth son. At the center of the cross is a lion, further symbolizing courage. The motto written in Latin below the crest, reads "Cor Unum Via Una" which translates to "One Heart, One Way". 2. Ibid. How did the Noland name originate? The earliest record of the Nolands has been found in Ireland. Traditionally, the O'Nialion clan was found in several of the countries in the eastern area of Ireland, including County Carlow. The ancient Gaelic spelling for the Noland clan name was O'Niallon (Niall means "Great Chieftain"). The first written mention of our name spelled O'Nolan was when King Henry II confirmed to John O'Nolan his rights and possessions of land in Carlow around the year 1160 A.D. One of the reason for the change in the Noland name is that the English language was slowly being introduced into Ireland and the revised pronunciation and spelling lost it's Gaelic flavor . . . which meant that O'Niallon became O'Nolan. Upon immigration into America, the "O" was dropped and even later, the English "d" was added to some of the families. There are various spellings of the Noland name including Nolan, Nolen, Nolin, Nowlin and Nowland. 3. The Clan of O’Nolan @ http://www.irishclans.com/cgi-bin/iclans.cgi/clandisplay/site/goti/iclans?alias=e928407803. The Nolan name has always been associated with the barony of Forth on Co. Carlow. In pre-Norman days their chiefs, who held high heredity office under the Kings of Leinster, were known as Princes of Fothairt (modern Forth). This could account for the lion passant which represents “Knights”, so perhaps it is true that the Nolans were Princes, and therefore helpers to the King at the time. Motto: COR UNUM VIA UNA - ONE HEART ONE WAY. Variations: O’Nolan, Nolan, Nowlan, Nowlin, Nolin, Nowland, Noland, Knowlan, Knowland History: The Nolan Clan is one of the oldest families in Ireland, so old in fact that our origins are lost in the mists of time. But the old Druid genealogists preserved our lineages back to Eochaidh Fionn of Fothairt, son of Feidhlimidh Reachmhar, King of Ireland in 164 –174 AD, and even further back to Cobhthach Caol mBreach, a King of Ireland who ruled from 591 to 541 BC. The ancient Irish annalists referred to our family as O’Nuallain Fotharta Laighean, or the “ancient ones of Leinster”. It is believed that the O’Nolans were settled in Leinster long before the Milesian Celts ever arrived and are probably descended from the mythical Da Danaans. Keating , the historian, in tracing the royal genealogies of Ireland, comes to Conn Ceadh Chathach, “the hero of the hundred battles”, whom he states to have had two brothers. From Eochaidh Fionn, one of them, descended O’Nuallain. Conn’s posterity were kings of Ireland, and governed in Tara; Eochaidh Fionn’s went into Leinster, at a time when Chucorb, son of Modhacorb, was king of that province. The forces of Munster had conquered a large portion of Leinster. Chucorb entreated assistance from Eochaidh Fionn and a friend of his called Laoighseach Cean More, with their followers, to drive them back into their own territories. The battle was fought at a place called Arthrodain, known now by the name of Athy. The Lagenians, or the men of Leinster, had a narrow victory there and pursued the chase through Laois to a place called Ballaghmore near Borris-in –Ossory where they finally expelled the Munstermen from Leinster. Chucorb, being reinstated in his dominions, by the assistance of Eochaidh Fionn, out of gratitude, thought himself obliged to make a recompense for his services, and therefore he generously bestowed upon him The Seven Fothartuaths, and confirmed this donation by perpetuating the rights to his posterity forever. Hanmer informs us, that “Hugh De Lacy built a castle, in Fotheret O’Nolan, for Raymond and another for Griffin, his brother , the sons of William Fitz-gerald.” Here then, is a clear and distinct proof that, at the earliest period of English acquaintance with the locality, it was found to be possessed by the O’Nolans, and this in an uninterrupted succession (1,000 years approx.) from Eochaidh Fionn Fotheret, for none but a genuine O’Nolan, or descendant of Fionn, could have held property in the district prior to the invasion. Thus commenced the first spoliation’s of Fotheret O’Nolan in Co. Carlow, the O’Nolans had already been driven in from the other side, viz., the "Barony of Forth" in the county of Wexford, which doubtless, formed originally part of the “Seven Fothartuaths”. The history of the locality for the next couple of centuries, is scarcely anything but details of conflicts and collisions between the O’Nolans defending themselves from the encroachments of the Anglo – Norman adventurers. Camden’s 3rd vol. of the “Britannia” gives the following:- “Philip Staunton was slain, and Henry Traherne was treacherously taken in his house at Kilbeg, by Richard, son of Philip O’Nolan. James Lord Butler, Earl of Ormond, burnt Foghird for three days in revenge to O’Nolan, for his brothers sake.” This happened in 1329. In 1394 Richard II King of England came over and got all the Irish of Leinster to submit to him. Cox tells us that “Gerald O’Byrne, Donald O’Nolan, Malachias O’Morrough, Rore Og O’Moore, Arthur O’Connor, and others, made their humble submissions through an interpreter, in an open field at Balingory, near Carlow, on the 16th of February.” He says: “They laid aside their girdles, skeins, and caps, and falling on bended knee, did homage; which being performed, the Marshal gave each of them the Osculum Pacis.” They were bound in large penalties; O’Byrne for instance, in 20,000 marks, and O’Nolan in £10,000 sterling. When he went back to England, things returned to normal. Details on this web-site were submitted by Tom Nolan of the O'Nolan Clan Association. 4. Journal of the Archaeological Society of the County of Kildare and Surrounding Districts: Historical Notes on the O’More’s and their Territory of Leix, Lord Walter Fitzgerald, Vol. 6, 1909-1911 @ http://www.clanomore.com/journal.htm 1394. On the 16th of February, Thomas, Earl of Nottingham, Marshal of England, accompanied by his retinue, proceeded to a place called Ballygory (?Kilgorey) near Carlow, on the side of the mountain of Slieve Margy, and caused Edmund Wall (or de Valle) [15] to translate into the Irish tongue certain Letters Patent of King Richard II, to an assemblage of the native chiefs, empowering the said Earl to receive the Irish chiefs to the king’s fealty and obedience; then Art MacMurrough, Garrett O’Byrne, Donnell O’Nolan, Murrough O’Connor Faly, Tiege O’More, Rory oge and Shane, sons of Maurice Boy O’More of Slieve Margy, chiefs of their septs, removing their girdles, swords, and caps, on bended knees, with uplifted hands, took an oath, in their native tongue, of allegiance to the king, or in default to pay 20,000 marks to the Papal chamber. The submission of Gillapatrick “reogh” O’More is also recorded in this year. [Brewer’s “Cal. of Miscellaneous Carew MSS.,” pp. 378-381.] 5. O’Nolan: The History of a People, 132. 6. Ibid, 133. 7. Ibid, 45. 8. Jewel Nolen, The Nolen Story, 13. 9. Ibid. 10. Nolan Clan - Family Surname @ http://onolanclan.org/surname.html. Given that Gaelic was common to many of the early founding peoples of the British Isles, it is quite conceivable that the family name Ó Nualláin or something very close to it may have been introduced elsewhere in the British Isles around the year 1000. This may be the explanation for the Knowlan/Knollin families which trace their ancestors back to Exeter and Devon in southwest England. This line of thinking is particularly credible when one considers that southeast Ireland and southwest England share a common ancestry going back some 2000 years, when the Laigain tribes from Armorica in northwestern France, then known as the "Veneti", fled there to escape Roman domination. Leinster, the southeastern province of Ireland within which are found the ancestral lands of the Nolans, takes its name from the Laigain tribes. 11. O’Nolan: The History of a People, 233-34. 12. Ibid, 284. 13. Ibid, 219. 14. Ibid, 268. 15. The Parish of Mowney @ http://www.ballingarry.net/Slieveardagh%20history/mowney.html. The Survey of the Barony of Slieveardagh and Comsy 1654 describes the boundary of the parish and the acreage of each townland, Shangarry (360 acres), Garrynoe (500acres), “Dundrenan” (200 acres), “Knockankit” (200 acres), and “Kilmoculloge” (200 acres), (the latter three are now part of the townland of Shangarry). In the Primary Valuation, October 1850, Mowney parish was shown to have a total of 1,522 statute acres. The owner/landlord was Pierce Lord Viscount Ikeryn, described as an Irish Papist. His residence was Lismolin Castle now owned by the Mulally family. 16. The History and Antiquities of the County Carlow, John Ryan, 1833, John Ryan, History of Carlow County Ireland. 17. Kingdom of the North @ http://ulsterman3.tripod.com/Kingdom_of_the_north.htm. Conn Ceadcathach (or Conn of the Hundred Battles); his son; This Conn was so called from hundreds of battles by him fought and won: viz., sixty battles against Cahir Mór, King of Leinster and the 109th Monarch of Ireland, whom he slew and succeeded in the Monarchy; one hundred battles against the Ulsterians; and one hundred more in Munster against Owen Mór (or Mogha Nua-Dhad), their King, who, notwithstanding, forced the said Conn to an equal division of the Kingdom with him. He had two brothers - 1. Eochaidh Fionn-Fohart, 2. Fiacha Suidhe, who, to make way for themselves, murdered two of their brother's sons named Conla Ruadh and Crionna; but they were by the third son Art Eanfhear banished, first into Leinster, and then into Munster, where they lived near Cashel. They were seated at Deici Teamhrach (now the barony of Desee in Meath), whence they were expelled by the Monarch Cormac Ulfhada, son of Art; and, after various wanderings, they went to Munster where Oilioll Olum, who was married to Sadhbh, daughter of Conn of the Hundred Battles, gave them a large district of the present county of Waterford, a part of which is still called Na-Deiseacha, or the baronies of Desies. They were also given the country comprised in the present baronies of Clonmel, Upper-Third, and Middle-Third, in the co. Tipperary, which they held till the Anglo-Norman Invasion. From Eochaidh Fionn-Fohart decended O'Nowlan or Nolan of Fowerty (or Foharta), in Lease (or Leix), and Saint Bridget; and from Fiacha Suidhe are O'Dolan, O'Brick of Dunbrick, and O'Faelan of Dun Faelan, near Cashel. Conn of the Hundred Battles had also three daughters: 1. Sadhbh, who married first, MacNiadh, after whose death she married Oilioll Olum, King of Munster. (See No. 84 on the "Line of Heber"); 2. Maoin; and 3. Sarah (or Sarad), married to Conan MacMogha Laine. Conn reigned 35 years; but was at length barbarously slain by Tiobraidhe Tireach, son of Mal, son of Rochruidhe, King of Ulster. This murder was committed in Tara, A.D. 157, when Conn chanced to be alone and unattended by his guards; the assassins were fifty ruffians, disguised as women, whom the King of Ulster employed for the purpose. 18. Corpus of Electronic Texts, The History of Ireland (Book I-II) (Author: Geoffrey Keating) Section 44, Part 54 @ http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text054.html, 314-315. 19. History Series #1: The History of Osraighe: Roots of County Kilkenny @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/history/ossory.htm. 20. The Osraighe Region @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ossory.htm. 21. Ormonde Pedigree @ http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~sfreer/ormonde.html. 22. Ibid. 23. Butler Family Name @ http://www.irelandseye.com/irish/traditional/names/family/butler.shtm. 24. Roger Nowlan, Secretary of the Nolan Clan Association, e-mail 8 August 2006. 25. The Next Earl of Ormond? - Notes on Each Individual in The Key Relevant Pedigree (Part One of Three) @ http://www.butler-soc.org/nextormond/tsld001.htm. 26. Short History of Fethard @ http://www.fethard.com/histor/history.html. 27. Strafford Inquisition, 25. 28. Noland’s of America. Some of the first NOLAND'S that were recorded as landing in Maryland were: CATHERINE NOLAND in 1655. PHILLIP NOLAND in 1677. THOMAS NOLAND in 1678. WILLIAM NOLAND in 1678. HENRY NOLAND in 1679. DARBY NOLAND in 1680. PIERCE NOLAND in 1684. Although the records showed that these early settlers landed in Maryland, many of them quickly moved into other states, particularly Virginia. 29. Ibid. Here is a list of items that was required as the absolute barest necessities that a person should have to survive in this new land as it was posted back in the late 1600's by Lord Baltimore. He was trying to entice new settlers and would give them free land if they would come to Maryland with the following equipment. FOOD: Meal, Oatmeal, Peas, Oil, Vinegar, Aqua Vitae, Salt, Sugar, Spice and Fruit. APPAREL: Caps or Hats, Collars, Three Shirts, One Waistcoat, Two Suits of Canvas, One Suit of Frize, One Coarse Cloth Coat, Three Pairs of Stockings, Five Pairs of Shoes and Broad Tape of Garters. BEDDING: Two Pairs of Sheets, Canvas and a Rug. TOOLS: Broad Hoes, Narrow Hoes, Broad Axes, Felling Axes, Nails, Steel Handsaws, Pick Ax, Whipsaw, Hammer, Shovel, Spade, Augers, Chisels, Piercers, Gimlet, Hatchets, and a Grindsaw. ARMS: One Musket, Ten Pounds of Powder, 40 Pounds of Lead, One Sword, One Belt and One Flask. HOUSEHOLD GOODS: Iron Pots, Gridirons, Kettles, Skillets, Platters, Frying Pan, Spits, Spoons and Dishes. 30. Ibid. The value of these items in 1670 was about 20 English pounds. That was a lot of money in those days and many of the early settlers were forced to make do with much less than the articles mentioned above. Most of the items were manufactured products and since there was virtually no manufacturing facilities in the new country at that time, if the new arrivals wanted to wear warm clothes, use tools or cook food, those items had to come with them. 31. Ibid. There was great stress put upon bringing tools to help clear the land, build houses, make the basic furniture to go in them such as tables, chairs, beds, etc., and to plant the crops once the land was cleared. The people that survived were indeed a hardy breed! History of Offaly - Kilkenny Clan O’Nolan 1. Nolan Clan Association, Global Migration @ http://onolanclan.org/migration.html. With the arrival of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century, Nolans began to wander farther afield. Some are believed to have distanced themselves ending up, for example, in County Galway, while others, especially in the context of the Crusades, may have sought closer ties ending up, for example, in France. The "De Nollent" family of Normandy which traces its ancestry back to the times of the Crusades is believed to be an example of the latter case but further research is required to establish a definitive link to the Nolans of Ireland. 2. History Series #1 - The History of Osraighe: The Roots of County Kilkenny. About 737 the Osraighe are noted to have raided and devastated two territories to their north, Cinel Fiachach and Dealbhna [Ethra], located in the southern portion of Co. Meath and northern section of Co. Offaly. About 749 the Osraighe attacked a territory to their east known as Fotharta Fea, in the eastern portion of modern Co. Carlow. Both of these 'raids into nearby territories may have been initiated by Anmchaidh, son of Cú Cherca, who is noted as king of Osraighe about this time. We find him mentioned at the battle of Bealach Gabhrain (the pass of Gowran in east-central Osraighe) in 756 when the Osraighe and the men of Leinster were battling once more. It appears the Osraighe were the victors in this engagement under their king Anmchaid mac Cú Chercca, for it is noted that Donngal, son of Laidhgnen, lord of Ui Ceinsealaigh [south Leinster], was killed in the battle. Of the men of Leinster the Ui Ceinsealaigh are often noted in battle with the Osraighe. After the death of Anmchaid, about the year 760, we find the Osraighe again battling among themselves, as mentioned in the annals for the years 764 and and again about 781. 3. Old Irish Kingdoms and Clans. Osraige (Ossory) The ancient Kingdom of Osraige, whose first king was Aengus Osrithe, flourished in the second century of the Christian era. In the fifth century the neighbouring tribe of the Deisi, aided by the Corca Laighde, conquered South Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca Laighde chiefs ruled in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs. Early in the seventh century the ancient chiefs recovered much of their lost possessions, the foreigners were overcome, and the descendants of Aengus ruled once more. One of the greatest was Carroll, prominent in the ninth century and distinguished in the Danish wars. Kilkenny County forms much of what was known as the kingdom of Ossory. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210, and also became the residence of Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, Strongbow's heir and descendent, by whom Kilkenny Castle was built. Before the fourteenth century Marshall's inheritance passed to the Butlers. Source: various 4. Long Ago in Ireland. 1200+ The population of Ireland was undoubtedly very small. There was 185 tribes and the king of a tribe was supposed to command 700 fighting men. This would imply an average of 5000 people per tribe or 1,000,000 for the whole country. Estimates for 1660-70 are 1,320 000, this after the rebellion of 1641. We can assume that the population for Connacht in 1200 was about 100,000. It is also estimated that one quarter of the land was under forest. 5. Ibid. 1236 Shortly after this Richard asked the help of Maurice Fitzgerald and a expeditionary force was set up, it included Hugh de Lacy,Walter de Ridelesfort and John Cogan, the Birminghams, the Prendergasts, the Fitzgriffins and the Botillers. Other Normans mentioned are Staunton, Roche, de Barry, Barret, Cusack, Flemming and de Exeter.The Irish taken by surprise made a last minute alliance of the O’Connors, O’Flahertys, O’Briens, O’Heynes and some minor clans and chieftains. The Normans first plundered Roscommon and Sligo, then turned southward to meet the Irish forces who were easily defeated. At that point the O’Flahertys and the O’Heynes changed side. The invasion forces then turned north once again and went to Westport via Tuam and Ballinrobe where they broke up a tribal rally. Felhim O’Connor was captured and brought to Boyle, the Irish crushed. The Normans left the countryside wasted, Connacht “without food or clothing in church or territory, without peace or quiet or prosperity.”. Parishes suffered again from war and famine this time accompanied by “great rain and bad weather”. Richard build a castle in Loughrea then left for England. 6. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS, Vol. VII. No. I., Notes on the Persons Named in the Obituary Book of the Franciscan Abbey at Galway by Martin J. Blake, 5-6. 7. Long Ago in Ireland. 1320 Due to the influx of Anglo-Norman merchants, Galway grew from a cluster of fishermen huts to one of the most populous town in Ireland, but unlike their compatriots those Anglo- Normans did not assimilate the Irish culture but stayed aloof, despising the natives. This attitude permeated everything including religious life. In 1320 they erected the church of St. Nicholas for themselves, but after the union of Annaghdown to Tuam in 1324 that church was governed by a vicar appointed by the diocese and generally of Irish descent and a certain amount of friction occurred at intervals. 8. Fr. M. Holland of the Abbey Galway e-mail dated 8 June 2005. 9. Hardiman’s History of Galway, 277. 10. Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earl of Fingall, the Corporations of Waterford, Galway, &c., Historical Manuscripts Commission, (York., London., United Kingdom) HMSO, 1885, 390-91. 11. Ibid, 391. 12. Ibid, 399. 13. The Indenture of Composition of 1585, Knox, Hubert T., The History of the County of Mayo to the close of the Sixteenth Century, Dublin 1908, 366. 14. The Mellett Sept of South Mayo by P. Waldron @ http://members.aol.com/Seanchi3/Mayo.HTM. The Melletts first make an appearance in Mayo history in the 1580s and several members of the family are mentioned in sixteenth and seventeenth century sources. These scattered references all concern individuals who lived and owned land in the parish of Robeen, north of Ballinrobe: Richard oge Mac Thomas Malode, kern (lightly-armed soldier), was one of seventeen men pardoned by Queen Elizabeth on the 18th of January 1584. (5) In 1589 Richard Bourke and Sir Murrough 0'Flaherty and their followers, including some shipwrecked survivors of the Spanish Armada, travelled through South Mayo raising disturbances as part of a campaign to intimidate "loyalist" settlers in the area. Their progress was recorded in a letter dated the 19th of March 1589, written by Thomas Nolan to Sir Richard Bingham, President of Connacht. Nolan describes how the group left the Lehinch area and "...... came up as far as the river of Clongowla or Ballenrobe, cessed themselves upon the Rochfords, Malods and Clannevallies (MacEnallys), and going thus in troops to the terror of the subjects." (6) Cloongowla is immediately north of Ballinrobe town. (6) Knox, Hubert T.,The History of the County of Mayo to the close of the Sixteenth Century, Dublin 1908, facsimile reprint, Castlebar 1982, pp. 222,3. 15. O’Nolan: The History of a People, 291. 16. Catholic Encyclopedia - Cashel @ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03401a.htm. The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel comprises the Archdiocese of Cashel with the Diocese of Emly and eight suffragan sees: Cloyne, Cork, Kerry, Killaloe, Limerick, Ross, Waterford & Lismore, and Kilfenora. The Bishop of Galway is Apostolic Administrator of Kilfenora. 17. Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, 462. 18. Dominican Archives @ http://www.opeast.org.au/archives/arch_History.htm. Irish Connections We trace our foundation in Australia to one established in Galway, Ireland on September 10th, 1647. These Sisters were exiled to Spain in 1651 and two elderly Sisters, Julian Nolan and Mary Lynch, returned to Galway 35 years later to begin again, only to be dispersed 11 years later. 19. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. V, (1907-1908). Blake, Martin J.: Galway Corporation Book B., 140. 20. Galway Advertiser, 1 October 1998, The Career of Fr. Gregory French, OP. @ http://www.galwayadvertiser.ie/ent/981001/page19.htm. Part 1 Gregory French, the second eldest son of Robuck French FitzJohn and Christina Martyn (later of Cloghballymore and Duras in south Galway), was a friar of the Dominican Convent in Galway. In one of the many invaluable notes included in The Irish Chieftains or, A Struggle for the Crown, Charles Ffrench Blake-Forster's historical novel about the Jacobite War, we learn that Fr Gregory French was a very learned man, who received Holy Orders at Madrid from Antonio Portacarro, the Archbishop of Toledo. Some time after the outbreak of rebellion in 1641, Fr French was in Paris, and in the summer of 1642 he was acting in what appears to have been an official capacity on behalf of the Corporation to negotiate for armour and ammunition to be supplied to the town of Galway for its defence. On June 20, 1642, John Callaghan, writing to Luke Wadding OFM, Guardian of St. Isidore's in Rome, from Paris informed him that "Father Gregory French, who writes to Your Reverence, is a pious and prudent man with express authority to handle the affairs of the country as best he may". The same day Fr French sent a letter to Fr Wadding informed him that he had been sent to Paris "to call and pray for a speedy and timely assistance from this Court [viz. of France] for them, and to signify to Your Paternity the confidence and trust they always have in your reverend person to assist them in this their greatest need with your powerful and effectual intercession to our Cardinal Protector and His Holiness for a speedy help of armour and ammunition, which in their greatest want; and seeing the distance of the place admits no conveniency of sending the same hither, His Holiness may be most graciously pleased to send the price thereof hither in money, and will be got in this kingdom and remitted with all speed thither. Also you may signify unto His Holiness that, seeing the transportation of this armour cannot be but in French or Dutch vessels, he may also be pleased to admonish the King of Spain not to interrupt any French vessel that goeth thither with arms or ammunition, and the same like to the King of France for nor interrupting the Dutch that goeth to that purpose". Fr French adds "Your Paternity may know that I am authorised by the Province of Connaught, and especially by the Corporation of Galway, to repair hither, to make suit for the aforesaid armour and ammunition, not for themselves only but for all the kingdom in general, and to write especially to Your Paternity to insist the same most effectually to His Holiness, whose only battle we fight". He concluded his letter by listing "some of the towns that be for the common cause; to wit: - Gallway (sic), Limerick, Waterford, Dungarvan, Wexford, and many other in the Province of Ulster and within the country. In all the Provinces the English have garrison only in Dublin, Cork and Y[oughal]. " After the surrender of Galway in 1652, we find Fr French, who had been appointed Vicar of the Galway Dominican Nuns by the papal nuncio, John Baptist Runicinni, Archbishop of Fermo in 1647, negotiating the reception of fourteen Irish nuns, including Sr Mary French, possibly a relation, in Spanish monasteries. Sr Mary Lynch and Sr Julian Nolan were eventually settled in the Convent of the Incarnation in Bilbao in December, 1652; for three months before their assimilation into the Spanish community, Fr French paid four reales a day for their upkeep. (continued next week) Seathrun of Dubhros 21. Hardiman’s History of Galway, Appendix, xxii. 22. Hardiman’s History of Galway, Appendix, xxix. 23. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XV, (1931-33), Anonymous: Galway Corporation Mace and Sword [note], 83-84. 24. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. V, (1907-1908), No. IV. Kelly, Richard J.: The Forfeitures and Settlements of 1661: Lands in Galway, 212. 25. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS, Vol. I (1900-901), No. I., Nolan, J. P. : The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 42. 26. Roderick O’Flaherty’s, 1684 History of Connaught, 40. 27. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XII, No. III and IV. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 80. 28. Fr. M. Holland of The Abbey Galway. 29. Hardiman’s History of Galway, 157. 30. Ibid, 158. 31. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII, No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 19-20. 32. Ibid, 79. 33. Ibid, 82-3. 34. Ibid, 80-1. 35. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIV, (1928-1929) No. I and II. Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 2. 36. Ibid, 3-5. 37. Hardiman’s History of Galway @ http://www.galway.net/galwayguide/history/hardiman/part3.html. THE HISTORY OF GALWAY PART III. THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF THE TOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME. Collegiate Chureh of St. Nicholas.[[1]] On the accession of James II. the Catholic clergy again assembled in the town, 29 and on the 29th March, 1688, the then corporation informed archbishop Vesey that his majesty had been pleased to grant them a charter containing, amongst other privileges, a power to elect a warden and eight vicars, and granting the rights and revenues belonging to the wardenship and college, and others in his grace's possession, which they requested he would forthwith order to be delivered to them, except the church and cemetery, during the pleasure of government. 30 On the 1st of August following, they proceeded, under the charter, to the election of the clergy, when father Henry Browne was chosen warden for the year; and fathers Henry Joyce, Michael Lynch, JAMES FALLON, John Bodkin, Jerome Martyn, Nicholas Nolan and Thomas Lynch were elected vicars. 38. Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, 509. 39. Ibid. 40. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XVI, No. I and II. (1934-35), Rabbitte, J.: Galway Corporation MS. C., 69-70. 41. Ibid, 74. 42. Hardiman’s History of Galway, 286. 43. Ibid, 179. 44. Ibid. 45. Tribes of the Erainn - Based on Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland: an Ethnography of the Gael A. D. 500 - 1750, C. Thomas Cairney, Ph.D. @ http://www2.smumn.edu/uasal/sheaclan/erainn.html The Érainn were the second of the Celtic groups to come to Ireland, as discussed in Chapter II. They arrived from the Continent between 500 and 100 B. C., and established their La Tène culture throughout the island as a military aristocracy possessing superior iron weapons technology. They were akin to the Belgae of Southwest Britain, and were generally known as the Ulaid in the North, and as the Erainn or Desi in the South, although all the tribes of this ethnic group were known ultimately to be Erainn. The great Erainnian population groups of around A. D. 600, such as the Muscraige of Munster, gave rise in the Middle Ages to the independently branched tribal groups that follow: Corca Laoighdhe: O Cobhthaigh (O'Coffey). O Duinnin (O'Dinneen). O hEidirsceoil (O'Driscoll). O Floinn (O'Flynn). O hAodha (O'Hea). O haonghus [meaning descendant of Aonghus or Angus]. O Laoghaire (O'Leary). 46. Ancestral Quest, Patrick Levin, @ http://www.leitrim-roscommon.com/plavin/lavin.html. The second wave, known as the Euerni and later called Erainn (also known as Menapii, Bolgi, Belgae and Firbolgs) by annalists and historians, arrived after 500 BC. They called their new home Eueriio, which would later evolve through the old Irish Eriu to Eire, and from Eire to Ireland. Claudius Ptolemy's map of ancient Ireland shows branches of the Erainn widely dispersed throughout the island, but with strongest connection in the areas around Cork and Kerry where they first settled. These tribes, more frequently called the Firbolgs, were, according to historian J. Rhys (1890), a seafaring people who wore breeches, wielded improved weapons and traced their origins to the goddess Bolg. Norman Mongan, in his well-researched book, Menapia Quest (1995), traces their origin to the Menappi, a confederation of Belgae Celts from north Gaul and the area now known as Belgium. Among the several tribes he identifies, were the Dal Riada of west Antrim and the Dal Fiatach of east Ulster. Both of these tribes, he believes, were granted Gaelic ancestry and thereafter identified only as Gaodhail (the last of the ancient Celtic invaders). Mongon suggests that many Firbolgs survived into early historic times as "tributary" tribes. He also suggests that many of today's nameplaces in Ireland and elsewhere containing syllables such as mong, muin, maion, maine, managh, monach, manach, mannog, etc., attest to the presence of the Firbolgs in the area at some stage. Fr. Hanlon's edited version of the Life of St. Greallan, Patron of the Ui Maine, refers to the Firbolg people as the earliest noted aboriginal inhabitants of Connaught. 47. Cullen Surname Origins Part III: O’Cullen of Munster compiled by Jim Cullen @ http://www.lrbcg.com/jtcullen/CullHis3.htm. We'll take a closer look at the Corca Laoighdhe (Loigde, Loighdhe, Luighe) which was an important early clan that ruled in Munster before the rise of the Eoghanact dynasty. They were of the Lugadian race from Lugaidh, son of Ith, an uncle of Milesius, and held their territory in Carbery in the west of County Cork. They are said to be the descendants of Lughaidh Laidhe (or Loigde), 22'nd in descent from Ithe, uncle of Milesius. Lugaidhe MacCon, t he grandson of Lughaidh Laidhe, was the 113'th Monarch of Ireland from 195 A.D. to 225 A.D. The territory of the Corca Laoighdhe was approximately the diocese of Ross in southwest County Cork but they were later pushed further south with the rise of the Eoghanachta. The Corca Laoighdhe were likely from the stock of the Erainn people who arrived in Ireland about the 5'th century B.C. Also known as the Menapii or Bolgi (Belgae, Firbolgs), the name of the Erainn people survived as the Old Irish Eriu which then became Eire, the modern Irish form of the name of Ireland. The ruling sept of the Corca Laoighdhe was O'Driscoll while some other related septs were O'Coffey, O'Dinneen, O'Driscoll, O'Flynn, O'Fihelly, O'Hea, O'Hennessy, and O'Leary. An early genealogy of the Corca Laoighdhe is cited as: Luigdech Loigde (for whom the Corca Laoighdhe is named), the son of Dairi [Doimtig] no Sirchrechtaig, the son of Sidebuilg, the son of Fir Suilne, the son of Tecmanrach, the son of Loga, the son of Eithlenn, the son of Luigdech, the son of Bregaind. Some of the early mentions of the Corca Laoighdhe in the Annals are: Flann Foirtrea, Lord of Corco Laigde, who died in 746; Maelbracha, son of Breslen, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 800; Bruadar, son of Dunlang, lord of Corca Loighdhe in the year 860; in 893 there is a note on the mortal wounding of the three sons of Duibhghilla, son of Bruadar (above), in the territory of the Deisi; and in 944 Finn, the son of Mutain, Lord of Corco Laighdhi was slain. Of special interest here is that, among the descendants of Dairi [Doimtig] no Sirchrechtaig, there is mentioned one Lugaid Corp, from whom is descended Dal Mis Corb of Leinster. We'll set this genealogy aside and mention for now that the Dal Messin Corb was a very early tribe that dwelt in the area of northern County Wicklow, having been driven out of the vale of the River Liffey after the arrival of the Ui Dunlainge about the 5'th century. There is the possibility that the O'Cuillin sept of the area of Glencullen, later associated with the group of septs comprising the Feara Cualann, may actually have been descended from the Dal Messin Corb. 48. The Tribes of Laigen - Leinster Series @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/leinst2.htm. Clann Colgcan. Septs of Clann Cholgaín noted in northern Offaly (centered in the barony of Lower Philipstown, Co. Offaly) were the septs of Ua hUallachain (O'Holohan or O'Houlihan) and Ua hAonghusa (O'Hennessy). Other Clann Colgcan septs noted in the ancient genealogies included the Uí Rotaidi, the Uí Muricáin, the Uí Bróen and the Uí Cholgan. MacLysaght (Irish Families) mentions that a branch of Clan Cholgain was located nearer to Dublin, the head of it being chief of Gailenga Beg on the north side of the River Liffey on the borders of Counties Meath and Dublin, before being displaced by the Anglo-Norman invasion (late 12th century). For reference, also see O'Hennessy of Gailenga Bec, and of Uí Mac Uais. MacLysaght also mentions the Offaly O'Hennessys spread into Tipperary and Clare - in the latter county they are now called Henchy, formerly Hensey. The Book of Ballymote mentions the descent of Clann Colcan from Colgu, son of Maelduin, however the genealogies in Rawlinson B502 seem to indicate Clann Colgcan in descent from Colgcan son of Mugróin. An early Clann Colgcan (Ua hUallachain) genealogy (Rawlinson): Mac Tíre Úa h-Uallacháin m. Cuiléoin m. Conchobuir m. Meic Thíre m. h-Uallacháin m. Fogartaich m. Cumascaig m. Colgcan m. Mugróin m. Flaind Dá Chongal m. Díumasaich m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail [m. Éogain] m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi m. Cathaír Máir. An early Clann Colgcan (Ua hAonghusa) genealogy (Rawlinson): Domnall Úa Óengusa m. Áeda m. Uallacháin m. Taidgc m. Uallacháin m. Taidgc m. Domnaill m. Óengusa m. Cummascaig m. Colgcan m. Mugróin m. Flaind Dá Chongal m. Díumasaich m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail [m. Éogain] m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi m. Cathaír Máir. The Annals cite: C1414, Murchad O hAengusa, chieftain of the Clann Colcan, died in the month of August. C1419, Muiris O hAengusa, eligible for the chieftainship of the Clann Colcan, died this year. 49. O'Nolan: The History of a People, iii. 50. Ibid. 51. Isabella Mulhall, Irish Antiquities Division, National Museum of Ireland 2004 e-mail. 52. Ibid. 53. Ibid, 23 May 2005. 54. Database of Irish Excavations Reports @ http://www.excavations.ie/Pages/Details.php?Year=1998&County=Kilkenny&id=1290. Kilkenny 1998:362 Loughboy Ringforts SMR 19:40, 19:41 98E0219 Testing and subsequent full excavation were carried out on foot of archaeological conditions imposed on a grant of planning permission by Kilkenny County Council to IDA Ireland for the construction of an industrial and business park at Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny. The conditions were necessary because of two circular enclosures shown in the area on the 1st edition 6-inch OS map but not now visible above ground. A report in the files of the National Museum of Ireland refers to the destruction of the two ringforts in the area in 1937, as well as the discovery of human remains. Test excavations were carried out under this licence in May 1998 by Sarah McCutcheon, during which archaeological features were uncovered. Full excavation followed in November 1998. The enclosures lay on two low knolls on undulating ground with a general northwards slope towards Kilkenny City, which lies c. 1.5km to the north and is clearly visible from the site. Despite extensive exploratory trenching no definite trace was found of the more easterly of the two sites (SMR 19:41). The depiction of this area in the 1945 edition of the 6-inch OS map suggests that the landscape had been modified, possibly by gravel quarrying. This is borne out by the evidence of landfill in the area in the form of extensive deposits of loose stone in a dark brown, loamy matrix containing fragments of brick and modern earthenware pottery. The surviving remains of the most westerly site (SMR 19:40) comprise the base of a circular fosse enclosing an area c. 30m in diameter, with an entrance facing north. The fosse varied from 1m to 1.2m wide and from 0.53m to 0.65m deep, with a steep-sided V-shaped profile. The fill of the fosse contained a considerable quantity of animal bone. A secondary 'loop' ditch was also present, forming a subrectangular extension to the main site on the south, south-east and east sides. The only original features that survived within the ringfort were three charcoal spreads in the southern half of the enclosure. These contained some slag and molten metal, and close to one a fragment of a decorated bone comb was recovered. The latter compares well with Dunlevy's class C1, which she dates to the 4th-7th centuries AD. In addition a number of human skeletons were found, concentrated in the south-east quadrant of the site. These were uncovered immediately below the topsoil. Many were in a fragmentary condition, probably because of the destruction of the site in 1937, but it appears that at least nineteen individuals were represented. Several of the skeletons were interred in the fill of the fosse, indicating that they post-dated the ringfort. The exact date of the skeletons is not yet known. Eamonn Cotter, Ballynanelagh, Rathcormac, Co. Cork. 55. Database of Irish Excavations Reports @ http://www.excavations.ie/Pages/Details.php?Year=1998&County=Kilkenny&id=1291. Kilkenny. 1998:363. Loughboy. Adjacent to Ringforts. S505548. 98E0282. The site lies in the townland of Loughboy in St Patrick's Parish, Co. Kilkenny. Two enclosure sites (SMR 19:40 and 19:41) are marked on the area of the proposed development. Test excavation by Sarah McCutcheon and later full excavation by Eamonn Cotter (see No. 362 above) established the presence of these features in the subsoil. This monitoring licence was for the stripping of topsoil in the south-east and north-east of the site, away from the enclosures. Initially work was carried out by Joanna Wren and John Purcell, and then Martin Reid took over the work and the licence. No archaeological features were uncovered during the soil clearance work. Incidental finds included a clay pipe bowl, one sherd of post-medieval pottery and one sherd of late 13th/14th-century Leinster ware, like that found at nearby Kilferagh (Hurley 1987). Reference Hurley, M. F. 1987 A corn-drying kiln at Kiferagh, Co. Kilkenny. In R. M. Cleary, M. F. Hurley and E. Twohig (eds), The archaeology of the Cork-Dublin gas pipeline. University College Cork. Joanna Wren and Martin Reid, c/o The Mile Post, Waterford. 56. The People's Millennium Forests @ http://www.millenniumforests.com/16forests/surveys/archwood.htm. 2.7.4.3 Stray finds The Topographical Files of the National Museum of Ireland were examined in which all stray finds are provenanced to townland. The following is a list of the townlands within and in the environs of Woodlands forest. Townland Proximity to Forest Woodlands Adjacent to North-East Castleinch Within Garraun Adjacent to South-East Grange Adjacent to South and South-East Rossdama Adjacent to South West Aughtanny Adjacent to North There was one stray find recorded from the townland of Castleinch or Inchyolaghan in the adjacent townland to the north-east. This comprised an almost complete medieval ceramic jug described below. There are no stray finds recorded from adjacent and surrounding townlands in the vicinity of Woodlands forest site. Townland Castleinch or Inchyolaghan Barony Shillelogher Parish Castleinch or Inchyolaghan 6" Co-Ordinates 29.50cm from west and 1cm from north Registration No. Record Find(s) Glazed pottery; Jug-Medieval Acquisition Record Description Almost complete wheel-thrown jug in buff pink ware. The core is darker in colour and contains small mica flecks. A few dark grey pebble grits (up to 3mm) appear on the outer surface near the base. Globular body with cylindrical neck. The latter is rilled externally. Rounded rim with raised ridge underneath. The rim is provided with a pinched out pouring lip. The strap handle, rectangular in cross section, bears marked finger tip impressions at the junction with the rim. Two lighter impressions occur at the lower junction. The handle is ornamental wit three deeply incised grooves along its length. Base convex externally and the junction of wall and base is pinched downward by a series of spaced oval thumb impressions. The body bears an uneven sprinkled on copper green glaze which is yellow where the glaze runs thin, especially near the base. Height 24.50cm; Diameter at rim 10cm; Maximum Diameter 21cm; Diameter of base 15cm; Average body thickness 5mm. The object was found on the site of Castleinch Castle at a depth of 12 feet. 57. Irish Midlands Ancestry: Offaly Landscape @ http://www.tullamoreoffaly.com/offaly_landscape.htm. 58. Ibid. 59. Offaly History & Archaeology: From the Earliest Times to the 13th Century @ http://www.tullamoreoffaly.com/edenderry_ages.htm#one. ANCIENT TIMES. About 120 A. D. Cathair Mor, King of Leinster, became powerful enough to be designated 'Ard-Rí Éireann' by the Four Masters in the Annals. He had ten sons, and the eldest, Ros Fáilghe ("of the rings"), was given the territory of North Offaly which today is known as Uí Fáilghe. From this Ros the O'Conor Sept is descended. They ruled the area until late in the 16th century. 60. Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland: VIII. The Laigin, 82-83 @ http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/cairney/82.htm and http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/cairney/83.htm. The Clann Cholgan included the families of MacColgan, O’Hennessy and O’Holohan. The MacColgans (Mac Colgan) were chiefs of the territory around Kilcolgan in the extreme northeast of County Offaly. The O’Hennessys (O hAonghusa) shared the lordship of Clann Cholgan (i.e., their clan-name was applied to the territory they possessed) with their kinsmen the O’Holohans (O hUallachain). Their territory comprised the present barony of Lower Philipstown, a district adjoining the hill of Croghan, near Kilbeggan, and lying just east of the O’Connors in northeast Offaly. A branch of the O’Hennessys were chiefs of Gailenga Beg, the district between Dublin and Tara, until they were dispersed into Offaly as a result of the Anglo-Norman invasion. Some of the O’Hennessys spread early into Tipperary and Glare. In County Glare they are now known as Henchy or Hensey. 61. Irish Midlands Ancestry: Offaly Towns, Villages & Places of Interest @ http://www.irishmidlandsancestry.com/index3.htm. 62. Old Irish Kingdoms and Clans. Osraige (Ossory) The ancient Kingdom of Osraige, whose first king was Aengus Osrithe, flourished in the second century of the Christian era. In the fifth century the neighbouring tribe of the Deisi, aided by the Corca Laighde, conquered South Ossory, and for over a century, the Corca Laighde chiefs ruled in place of the dispossessed Ossory chiefs. Early in the seventh century the ancient chiefs recovered much of their lost possessions, the foreigners were overcome, and the descendants of Aengus ruled once more. One of the greatest was Carroll, prominent in the ninth century and distinguished in the Danish wars. Kilkenny County forms much of what was known as the kingdom of Ossory. Kilkenny became one of the counties of Leinster in 1210, and also became the residence of Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, Strongbow's heir and descendent, by whom Kilkenny Castle was built. Before the fourteenth century Marshall's inheritance passed to the Butlers. Source: various 63. Excavations: Database of Irish Excavation Reports @ http://excavations.ie/Pages/Details.php?Year=1999&County=Kilkenny&id=430. Kilkenny 1999:431 Castleinch: 1 Fulacht fiadh 247534 153117 99E0603 This site is in the townland of Castleinch, or Inchyolaghan, in the parish of Castleinch, 4km south-west of Kilkenny City. The area is a flat plain stretching east of the Slieve Ardagh Hills to Kilkenny City and the Nore valley, and the site is 60m south of the Breagagh River. The site was partially exposed during archaeological monitoring of a Bord Gáis Éireann gas pipeline development (see No. 426 above). Excavation was carried out in August and September 1999 before development. The site was a partially truncated fulacht fiadh with stratified burnt mound continuing east of the area of excavation. The site contained two troughs, a possible working surface, a mound of unused boiling stones, a buried sod and a smaller boiling pit. The underlying limestone bedrock was covered by yellow/brown boulder clay, with areas of iron-panning. Trough A was to the north-west of the site and was an irregular ovoid or pear-shaped pit with vertical north and east sides, a straight, steep southern side and a flat base. It was 1.1m long, 0.75m wide and 0.5m deep, orientated north-east/south-west, but was possibly recut and may have originally been circular or square. It contained a primary silting of fine, grey sand with charcoal, sealed by large, sub-rounded stones (sandstone cobbles: 20% fire-cracked) and fragmented cattle bone in grey/black, silty sand, possibly representing the last firing of this trough. This in turn was sealed by an upper backfill of burnt mound material. Trough B was 3m south-east of, and post-dated, Trough A. It was a shallow, subrectangular pit with square profile and flat base, measuring 1.8m+ in excavated length, 1.5m in width and 0.25m in depth. Four post-holes and two stake-holes were cut into the base of this trough around the western edge in an irregular pattern, and two were cut across the centre, possibly representing the staves or sails of a decayed or removed wooden lining. Each post-hole was filled by a grey/black, silty clay with fire-cracked stone and charcoal. All these cuts had tapering profiles, suggesting that the uprights they contained were sharpened. The trough was filled by a single, uniform backfill of burnt mound material, the basal part of which was substantially wetter than the upper part, suggesting that the trough successfully cut below the water-table. An oval pit with concave profile was found north of Trough B, within the area of the burnt mound. It was over 0.6m long, 0.5m wide and 0.2m deep, orientated east-west. It contained a dark grey/brown, sandy silt clay with occasional fire-cracked stone, charcoal and gravel and produced a possible bronze swan-necked pin. A scattered area of similar-sized, partially heat-affected sandstone (with very occasional limestone measuring less than 0.2m) represented a collection of unused boiling stones (C18). The stone, selected for geology and size, was heated but not cracked through contact with cold water and therefore either not used in the boiling process or used only once in the latter stages of the simmering process and not reused. An intermittent layer of mid-brown, silty clay (C19) lay north-east of the stone scatter and represented a soil dump, possibly associated with a residual buried sod, measuring 2m in exposed length, 1.5m in width and 0.1m in depth. A possible platform or working surface was found to the east of Trough B, covering C18 and C19. The surface consisted of a compacted area of redeposited, natural boulder clay with occasional charcoal flecks, measuring 4m in exposed length, 3m in exposed width and 0.2m in depth. The partly truncated oblong and concave mound sealed these features and continued under the baulk to the west. The mound (which was not visible before excavation) covered an area of over 10m north-south, 7m+ east-west, with a truncated depth of 0.45m, and was made up of fire-cracked sandstone (0.1-0.25m in individual diameter), charcoal and silt. Within the top of the mound were isolated lenses of dark grey clay, 0.1m thick. These and the mound were sealed by a layer of compacted, grey/brown, friable, silty sand with charcoal, gravel and fire-cracked stone, 3m in diameter, 0.1m deep, possibly representing a buried sod line or soil dump. Modern activity on this site was evidenced by two pipe-trenches cutting across the northern and western portion of the site. Paul Stevens for Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd, 2 Killiney View, Albert Road Lower, Glenageary, Co. Dublin. 64. Ibid. 65. Fulachta Fiadh – An Irish Mystery @ http://www.angelfire.com/fl/burntmounds/. History Fulachta fiadh were an integral part of the prehistoric landscape in Ireland, they provide significant evidence of activity in areas with little artifact deposition. They also form the biggest number of a single prehistoric monument in Ireland and over the years have generated much interest in the archaeological world. Yet the purpose of fulachta fiadh is still unclear even though many major studies have been undertaken on them. Nearly 50 years ago some experimental archaeology was conducted to support a theory that fulachta fiadh were cooking sites (O’Kelly, 1954). This particular experiment proved very successful but, many people still refused to accept that the sole purpose of a fulacht fian was to cook. In 1987 it was argued that fulachta fiadh were used as bathing sites similar in a sense to a Roman or Turkish bath (Barfield and Hodder, 1987). In 1991 some observations were published highlighting the fact that fulachta fiadh are exceedingly suitable for textile production (Jeffery, 1991). More recently in East Anglian Fens, Jo Roberts has found evidence that in England at least fulachta fiadh have been used as burial sites and may have had some ritual purpose. She uncovered a “burnt mound with a crouched inhumation?"(Roberts, 1998). At this point, before I go onto discuss these arguments any further, it is important to give a general overview to the monument type known as fulachta fiadh. So start at the beginning and go to the "what are fulachta fiadh" link below. 66. The People's Millennium Forests. Parish Castleinch or Inchyolaghan or in Irish "Caisleán na hInse" meaning "the castle of the holm" or "Inse Ui Uallachán" meaning "O' Holohan's holm" (Kilkenny Archaeological Society p.178). "Inch" or "Inis", an island; a low meadow along a river (Joyce 1856, 52). Castleinch was an important fief in the barony (Nolan and Whelan 1990, 77). "The parish contains 448 acres. The ancient church surrounded by the churchyard is in ruins. A modern Protestant churchyard, now long closed to divine service, is by the site and encloses the tombs of the Earls of Desart in a sad state of neglect. The ruined castle is in the opposite side of the road from the church. Westwards there is a low-lying area of scrub land called "Garrauns" meaning "a shrubbery". "Bóthar an Chóiste", the coach road ran this way from Kilkenny through Shellumsrath westwards and is still known by its Irish name. A large timber baulk was excavated from twelve feet underground in 1956 during drainage operations by the Land Project staff" (Kilkenny Archaeological Society p.178). 67. History Series #2. Following the death of Dermot MacMurrough in 1171, the Irish King of Leinster, the Anglo-Norman leader Strongbow (Richard de Clare) became the Lord of Leinster (which now included Ossory) through his marriage to Dermot's daughter. Strongbow initiated grants of land to some of his followers, including Miles Fitz David (the cantred of Iverk), Adam de Hereford (the cantred of Aghaboe), and Griffin fitz William (likely the cantred of Knocktopher). In 1192 William Marshall succeeded Strongbow as Lord of Leinster and continued the process of land grants within the province. Most of central Ossory was shared among William's knights. Geoffrey FitzRobert was given the cantred of Kells; Thomas FitzAnthony, the cantred of Ogenti; John de Erlee in succession to Baldwin de Hamptonsford, the cantred of Erley; and William Marshall retained the cantreds of Callan and Kilkenny for his own. The other cantreds were divided among a number of lesser knights as well as to the bishop of Ossory. The cantred of Shillelogher was divided among the families of Grace (le Gros) of Tullaroan, St Leger of Tullaghanbrogue, de Valle of Ballybur and Castleinch, fitz Gerald of Burnchurch, and Avenal of Kilferagh. Galmoy was split among the bishop of Ossory, and the families of Bigod, Drohull, Fanyn, Syward, Archdeacon, and Smith. The cantred of Odogh went to de Rochford, fitz Warin (later Freyne), Devereux, St Leger, and to the bishop of Ossory. The native Irish were still there and particularly dominant in the northern portion of Ossory. 68. Irish Pedigrees, 487-88, 69. Ibid, 858. 70. Dunn Sept Association @ http://www.henneberry.org/dunn/nolan.htm. O’Nolan Nolan, seldom found nowadays with its legitimate prefix O, is the name of a sept of great antiquity which has always been associated with that part of Ireland which lies around the barony of Forth in Co. Carlow (not to be confused with the better known Forth in Co. Wexford). In pre-Norman days their chiefs, who held high hereditary office under the Kings of Leinster, were known as Princes of Foharta (modern Forth). After the invasion, though their power declined, they retained considerable influence. In the sixteenth century a branch of the Nolans migrated to Connacht and became extensive landowners in Counties Mayo and Galway, in which counties the name is not uncommon to-day. Nolan is among the forty most numerous names in the country as a whole, the great majority of persons so called being found, as might be expected, in Carlow and the adjacent counties. In 1878, however, Connacht landlords named Nolan possessed over 12,000 acres; but there was no extensive landowner of the name in or near Co. Carlow. There was also a small sept of O'Nuallain belonging to the Corca Laidhe group. (Possibly the Nolans of west Munster to-day stem from them). These, however, for some reason not apparent, were often called O hUllachain - thus in Lynche's De Praesulibus (1672) the two names are treated as interchangeable. In this connexion it may be mentioned that, according to Woulfe, O hUallachain is anglicized Nolan in north Connacht. As Knowlan and Knowland this name is noted in the "census" of 1659 as numerous in Longford and in the adjacent baronies of Co. Westmeath. In Irish the name is O Nuallain, i.e. descendant of Nuallan. The derivation of the name is obscure. the word Nuallan in modern Irish means a shout or cry, but it does not follow that the name comes from that. In recent centuries few Nolans stand out as being particularly distinguished but several not unimportant persons of the name may be mentioned. Philip Nolan (1771-1801), an Irish emigrant to America, was one of the most notorious frontiersmen and contraband traders of those early days in the West; Most Rev. Edward Nolan (d. 1859), was Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin; two Nolans had some success in the literary field, viz. Rev. Frederick Nolan (1784-1864) as a Protestant theologian and Michael Nolan (d. 1827) as a legal writer; John Philip Nolan (1838-1912), of the Co. Galway Nolans, is remembered not so much as a soldier as for his political career during which he came into conflict with the notorious Judge Keogh and took the part of Parnell at the split of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Source: Irish Families, Edward MacLysaght, Dublin, 1991, pages 136-137. 71. Ibid. 72. Hardiman’s History of Galway, Description of the Old Map of Galway @ http://www.galway.net/galwayguide/history/hardiman/chapter1/old_map.html. And in the fifth, the armorial bearings of the families of Fallone, Labarth, Nolan, Quinne, Tully and Porte, with the following inscription. underwritten: Conscripti cives hi gaudent legibus urbis, Quos falcit et fratres connubialis amor. [y3] y3: Our common rights, these, late enfranchised, prove, And claim a kindred thro' connubial love. 73. Hardiman’s History of Galway, 277. 74. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLVI. (1994), Mulveen, Jack: Galway Goldsmiths, Their Marks and Wares, 62. 75. Galway Corporation Book A note listed in the Tenth Report, Appendix, Part V. The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde, 390-91. 76. Galway Advertiser, 13 August 1998, Did the Tribes of Galway Speak Irish? The Old English Colony and the 'mere Irish' @ http://www.galwayadvertiser.ie/ent/980813/page5.htm. James Hardiman, the historian of Galway, gave this account of the Tribes of Galway in about the year 1820: "From the earliest period, they were celebrated for commerce, and for many centuries were classed amongst the most considerable merchants of Europe. Their wealth was consequently great, and the ample landed properties, which they gradually acquired by purchase, from the native Irish, throughout the Province of Connaught, are now enjoyed by their numerous and opulent posterity. During the earlier periods of their career, they carefully avoided all connexion with their surrounding neighbours; in consequence of which, added to the circumstance of the town being so remotely situated from the more civilized parts of the kingdom, the inhabitants were necessarily obliged to intermarry amongst themselves, and in progress of time, their degrees of kindred so increased that they became, as it were, one family, and in many instances, it was a difficult matter to effect a marriage amongst them, without an ecclesiastical dispensation". Hardiman's narrative, however, requires both comment and qualification. It is true that intermarriage was very frequent, but the reasons behind it had as much to do with retaining property within the confines of the main families as it did with distance from 'civilization'. Furthermore, marriages were made, from an early date, with the native Irish. For example, in Corporation Book A , a note appears in the minutes of the council in 1500 that at "the request made by Andraue Ffallon, on the behalf of his doughter, Julian Fallon, who is married to Donill Oge Ovolloghan of this same town, goldsmith, and for the better relieffe of the said Androwe Ffallon, who is old and impotente, it is condescendid and agreid by us, the said Mayor and Bailyvvis and combrethern of Galwy, aforsaid, that the said Donill Ovolloghan shalbe acceptid, taken and receivd in to our ffredoms, and lik as and acordingly oure previledges and chartors, had and obtaynid of suffraynis Kinges of ancient (times). And by vertu therof we, the said Mayor and Bayleffes, with oure combrethern, have gyvin and grauntid unto the said Donyll ffredome and ffre liberties in as ampull and lardg manner as we grauntid to anny other ffreman made by us and by thes presents we do gyve and graunt to the said Donyll his ffredome and ffredom and ffre liberties as well within this town, as also within and without the fraunchies and ffre liberties of the same". The distance Hardiman states the Tribes maintained from the native Irish was never as complete as his statement would imply. Although the creation of the Wardenship was a deliberate move to separate the ecclesiastical control of Galway from the Irish-staffed archdiocese of Tuam, in many other areas of life, the ruling families of the town mingled closely with their Irish neighbours and fellow townsfolk. In fact, as Seamus O Cathain pointed out in his excellent article Galway - 'An ancient colony of English' (Studies, 1940), "In spite of all the laws (discriminating against the non-English residents), the life of the town was too closely linked with the countryside, too dependent on it, to escape its influence. Not only did the town depend for its essential foods on traffic with the country, its trade was mainly a matter of exporting country produce - wool, hides, corn, and wood formed the bulk of the export trade - or of collecting that produce and preparing in the Galway workshops for export. As trade relations of this kind developed, we may be sure that the merchants saw to it that a good deal of this produce was paid for, not with money but with the commodities they were importing in ever increasing quantities - wine mainly, but iron also and salt, and...there was a very lively if underground trade in guns and other munitions". O Cathain points to an even more significant body of evidence strongly suggesting that the Tribes and their native Irish neighbours mixed more regularly than Hardiman implies - the use of the Irish language in the town. Although he observes that "Irish was never officially recognised" and "that the proceedings of the Corporation were conducted in English", from the general necessity of communicating with the tradesmen and 'unfree' townsmen, the Tribe families "probably knew at least enough Irish to carry on trade negotiations in that language." However, he argues that a strong case can be made for claiming that Irish was used more commonly and more naturally by the Tribe families than simply for business purposes. For example, there is the famous Ordinance of Henry VIII "enjoining the people of Galway to learn to speak English", which, taken together with the statement of historian John Lynch, in his Alithinologia (c. mid-17th century), "that the settlers differed in no way from the 'meer antient Irish' ", and "that they were as Irish as the old inhabitants, whose customs and language they adopted", certainly supports the contention that the Tribes used Irish in the course of daily life. O Cathain also draws attention to the fact - curious if Irish was not commonly spoken - "that many members of the great town families adopted Irish soubriquets such as Duff, Oge and Roe.. Many of them, too, used an Irish form of their names", and he concludes that this "is a very different matter from the use of occasional Irish words in the Corporation records". To the objection that these Irish soubriquets were "bestowed on them by the lower, Irish-speaking classes", he replies, "even if such were the case, why did they adopt them and use them in official business?" On the same lines, he notes the frequent Irish place-names found on the famous mid-17th century map, allegedly drawn for the Duke of Lorraine c.1650, such as "The lyon's tower, called Tor an Leoin"; one of the city gates "called in Sparra hier"; "Earl Street, or Sraid an Iarlagh"; "St. Mary's hill, called Cnucka in Tampeill Mirca"; "The whirlpool river, with the whirlpool, called Poultuofil", and "The salt lake, called Lough-an-Stale". "Admittedly", O Cathain notes," all these might have been simply the names given by the Irish-speaking classes, but why did the Corporation adopt them? Not for the Prince surely? What interest would a foreign prince have in such outlandish names. Could it not be argued that the members of the Corporation felt that the Irish names were the real names, the names in daily use, and that as such they should be included in the map?" Finally, in a note, O Cathain raises the perhaps obvious but generally neglected question, when did the Tribes learn to speak and write English? When they arrived in Connacht, they would have spoken Norman - French, and during the chaos of the 14th and early 15th centuries, Galway was virtually cut off from English influence. It is in this connection that Henry VIII's insistence that the people of Galway learn English finds its proper context. "For the furtherance of your weal, profit, and commodity, and the extirpation of all abuses, we command you to observe the devices ensuing perpetually.... "That the inhabitants endeavour to speak English and use themselves after the English fashion, and specially that you do put forth your children to school to learn to speak English." The clear implication of this command is that the Old English inhabitants of Galway were not endeavouring to speak English, nor were they much troubled to "use themselves after the English fashion". Furthermore, that the citizens were not over concerned with their children learning "to speak English". Even if the king was not altogether accurately informed about the condition of the English language in the town, it does not make sense to command something to be done unless it is, in fact, not being done. Thus, so far from the English language being the lingua franca of the town of Galway in 1536, the evidence suggests that it was primarily used for official purposes, such as the records of the corporation and council meetings. We may imagine the Tribe families speaking a polyglot form of Norman-French - a kind of 'franglais' - with a certain proportion of 14th and 15th century English. Latin, we know, was also used for many official and ecclesiastical matters. Finally, there can be no doubt that the merchants of Galway spoke and probably wrote enough Irish to conduct their daily affairs and business dealings with the 'mere' Irish among whom they lived, traded, worshipped and, increasingly as time went on, married. Seathrun of Dubhros 77. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XLIV, (1992), Walsh, Paul: An Account of the Town of Galway, 64-65. 78. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 13. 79. Castles of Galway, The heart of Gaelic Ireland, Ruins Series, Page Two @ http://homepage.eircom.net/~rookery/castle16.html. Carrowbrowne Carrowbrowne was an early 14th century hall-house on the northern outskirts of the town of Galway. 80. 14 Tribes @ http://www.14tribes.net/darcy.htm. Anastas [Darcy] married Sir Dominick Browne of Carrowbrowne, Co. Galway, and became the ancestor of the Browne’s of Castlemagarrett, Co. Mayo. 81. Hardiman's History of Galway, Chapter 1 - An Alphabetical List and Concise Account of the Ancient Families of Galway @ http://www.galway.net/galwayguide/history/hardiman/chapter1/ancient_families.html. Browne Philippus de Browne, is said to have come to Ireland in 1170, and, in 1172, was appointed Governor of Wexford? In 1178 he went to England, and soon after returned with 60 armed knights, and was a leader at the siege of Limerick. [c2] He had three sons, William, who settled in the territory of Clanmorris, in the County of Kerry, and Walter, who settled in the County of Galway, where his posterity still remain, the destination of the third son is not mentioned. Another account states, that ''Sir David Browne, who was cotemporary with Richard de Burgo, the Red Earl of Ulster, that he died in 1303, and had a son, named Stephen, who settled at Killpatricke?, near Dublin?, from whence, after a time a branch of that house settled at Brownstown?, near Loughrea, and thence branched forth to Athenry? and Galway.'' [d2] The principal families of the name at present in the province, are those of Ardskea?, Gloves?, Kilskeagh?, Mounthazle Moyne?, Rockville? and Tuam?, in the County of Galway, and Ballyhowly? and Castlemagarret?, in the County of Mayo. Arms. Or. an eagle displayed, with two heads, sable. Crest. An eagle's head, erased. [e] Motto. Fortiter et fideliter. 82. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 14. 83. Indenture of Composition, 1585, 366. 84. Catholic Encyclopedia - Cashel @ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03401a.htm. The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel The Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel comprises the Archdiocese of Cashel with the Diocese of Emly and eight suffragan sees: Cloyne, Cork, Kerry, Killaloe, Limerick, Ross, Waterford & Lismore, and Kilfenora. The Bishop of Galway is Apostolic Administrator of Kilfenora. 85. Indenture of Composition, 1585, 366. 86. Notes on Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo and the Families of Burke, NOLAN, Cuff, and Knox written by Martin J. Blake, 1909, 541-42. 87. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. I (1900–1901), No. I., Nolan, J. P.: The Castles of Clare Barony [The thirty-four De Burgo Castles in the Barony of Clare], 26. 88. The Nolen Story by Jewel Nolen, 13. 89. Gary Nolan's Family Tree Maker Site @ http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/n/o/l/Gary-R-Nolan/PHOTO/0001photo.html. Nolan (or Nowlan) is now among the most common surnames in Ireland. It the anglicised form of Ó Nualláin, from a diminutive of nuall, meaning "famous" or "noble". The family are strongly linked with the area of the modern Co. Carlow, where, in pre-Norman times, they held power in the barony of Forth, whence their ancient title of "Princes of Foharta". Their power was greatly diminished after the arrival of the Normans, but the surname is still strongly linked with the area. The prevalence of the surname in the modern counties of Mayo and Galway is explained by the migration of a branch of the family to that area in the sixteenth century; in 1585 Thomas Nolan of Ballinrobe in Mayo was given large grants of land as payment for acting as Clerk of the county. He also obtained lucrative licenses to sell wine and spirits throughout the West. He and his relatives prospered and their descendants are many. There was also a separate family, in Irish Ó hUallacháin, based in West Cork, whose name was also anglicised as Nolan. In 1890 the name was ranked 38th most common, with 321 births. By 1996 it had risen to 34th, based on telephone listings. 90. Irish Landed Gentry, 159 or Hardiman's "West Connaught," 251. 91. Roderick O’Flaherty’s, 1684 History of Connaught, 40. 92. Ibid, 251-52. 93. Ibid, 337. 94. Irish Landed Gentry, 159. 95. Ibid. 96. The Mellett Sept of South Mayo by P. Waldron @ http://members.aol.com/Seanchi3/Mayo.HTM. The Melletts first make an appearance in Mayo history in the 1580s and several members of the family are mentioned in sixteenth and seventeenth century sources. These scattered references all concern individuals who lived and owned land in the parish of Robeen, north of Ballinrobe: Richard oge Mac Thomas Malode, kern (lightly-armed soldier), was one of seventeen men pardoned by Queen Elizabeth on the 18th of January 1584. (5) In 1589 Richard Bourke and Sir Murrough 0'Flaherty and their followers, including some shipwrecked survivors of the Spanish Armada, travelled through South Mayo raising disturbances as part of a campaign to intimidate "loyalist" settlers in the area. Their progress was recorded in a letter dated the 19th of March 1589, written by Thomas Nolan to Sir Richard Bingham, President of Connacht. Nolan describes how the group left the Lehinch area and "...... came up as far as the river of Clongowla or Ballenrobe, cessed themselves upon the Rochfords, Malods and Clannevallies (MacEnallys), and going thus in troops to the terror of the subjects." (6) Cloongowla is immediately north of Ballinrobe town. (6) Knox, Hubert T.,The History of the County of Mayo to the close of the Sixteenth Century, Dublin 1908, facsimile reprint, Castlebar 1982, pp. 222,3. 97. Ibid. 98. Indenture of Composition, 1585, 366. 99. Barony of Kilmaine @ http://www.shrule.com/_shrule/_display.php?pid=611&fid=21. The Macseonins were the next family of importance. They owned a considerable estate lying mainly from Kilmaine eastwards, but as we have not records of their tenures until the seventeenth century inquisitions, when many changes had taken place, their original estates cannot be exactly defined. They were a very large family, and occupied many castles and lands as tenants of the Archbishop of Tuam and 'of the Bourkes. This name is now rendered Jennings. MacTibbot of the Crich was the head of the family called the Sliocht Mhic Teboid na Criche. His castle of the Crich was in the townland of the Creevagh in the parish of Kilmolara. The sept owned lands thereabouts, and Rahard, and Cuslough, and near Annies on the shore of Loch Carra." Every MacWilliam has a penny and thirteen ounces in the country of MacTibbot's sept in Cos Locha." To the family of MacTibbot may be attributed the thirteenth or fourteenth century manor house called the castle of Cuslough, and formerly the castle of Ballyneglonty, Town of the Cloons-i.e. Cloonliffen, Cloonenagh, and other cloons near it. The family did not increase. There were but few members of it in the sixteenth century. The MacMeylers of the Neale held an estate about the Neale, adjoining that of the MacTibbots. MacMeyler was a juror of one of the inquisitions taken for the preparation of the indenture of composition. They did not increase; were a small family like the MacTibbots. The greater part of their estate was sold by them to Mr. John Browne, but some of them retained their shares in the castle and lands of the Neale into the seventeenth century. 100. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, JGAHS Vol. XIII. (1925), Nos. I and II. Random Notes on the History of County Mayo by G. V. Martyn, 94-6. 101. Ibid. 102. Ibid. 103. Mayo Pages: Ballinrobe, The Knox Family @ http://www.maggieblanck.com/Mayopages/Ballinrobe.html. The second Colonel Knox, Charles Howe Cuff Knox, not satisfied with the existing house in town or the house already standing at Creagh *Demesne, built a mansion called Creagh House on the Creagh Demesne in 1875. 104. Clan Cleary @ http://www.clancleary.com. MAYO AND THE JACOBITE WAR OF 1689-91 by Sheila Mulloy. The majority of the Old Irish families meanwhile had lost their property to the new owners and joined the ranks of smallholders. The O’Malley’s of Murrisk and Burrishooje, however, clung tenaciously to their ancestral territory, and many of these were to thrive through judicious matrimonial alliances and the adoption of the Protestant faith in the following century. It is noticeable, however, that during the period under discussion, the older inhabitants played a very minor role. The representatives for Co. Mayo in the Patriot Parliament of 1689 were Garrett Moore and Walter Bourke, and for the Borough of Castlebar John Bermingham and Thomas Bourke. These names are to appear again in another connection, for a commission was issued 20 April 1690 by King James to raise £20,000 per month, and persons of local influence were appointed in each county in connection with the tax. Those appointed in Mayo were Colonel Garrett Moore, Colonel John Browne, Lieutenant Colonel Walter Bourke, George Browne, Esq., Captain Thomas Bourke, Captain John Bermingham and John Fitzgerald Esq. At a later stage orders regulating winter quarters were given to Lord Athenry, Col. Garrett Moore, Col. John Browne, Capt. Terence Mac Donough, Capt. Gregory Nolan and Capt. Geoffrey French, all Commissioners for the peace in Mayo. To begin with those of lesser military rank, Lord Athenry was Francis Bermingham and sat as a peer in the Parliament of 1689. John Bermingham, described as a Portrieve of Castlebar, i.e. chief officer of the town or borough, was a Captain in the Earl of Clanricarde’s infantry regiment. John Fitzgerald was of Turlough, and does not appear to have taken an active part in the war. George Browne was of the Neale family and not personally involved in the fighting, although his brother John Browne of Westport was a Colonel, and a son John was a Captain and taken prisoner at the siege of Derry. Captain Terence Mac Donough was in Col. Henry Dillon’s infantry regiment. He represented Sligo in the 1689 Parliament. He was a Counsellor and commonly known by the name ’blind Mac Donough‘. Captain Gregory Nolan belonged to a family that had lost their land in the barony of Carra after the 1641 Rebellion. 105. House of Lords Journal Volume 20: 21 July 1715, Journal of the House of Lords: Volume 20: 1714-1717, pp. 124-25 at British History Online: House of Lords Journal, Vol. 20, 21 July 1715 @ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38445. NOLAN versus BOURKE. Upon reading the Petition and Appeal of GREGORY NOLAN Gentleman, from all Orders and Proceedings had upon the Decrees obtained in the Court of Chancery in Ireland by the Lady Grandison by the Name of Katherine Fitzgerald Villiers, and by Thomas Butler and Lady Iveagh, in the Year 1697, against Rickard late Earl of Clanricarde, any Way affecting the Petitioner; and also from the several and respective Orders of the 25th of August 1704, and 1st of February 1705, and the Master's Report in 1706, and likewise from the several and respective Orders of the 23d of May and 19th of June 1707, 21st of May and 25th of February 1708, 2d of December and 28th of February 1709, and 11th of May 1715; and from all other Orders and Proceedings had in the said Court, which in any Wise do affect the Petitioner; praying, "That the same may be set aside and discharged in relation to him, or that he may be otherwise relieved, as to the Wisdom of this House shall seem meet; and, in order thereunto, that Colonel Thomas Bourke may answer the said Appeal; and that the Service of the Order of this House on the said Colonel Bourk's Clerk in the said Court may be deemed good Service, so as to stop any Proceedings against the Petitioner there:" It is Ordered, by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled, That the said Colonel Bourke may have a Copy of the said Appeal; and shall and he is hereby required to put in his Answer thereunto, in Writing, on or before Thursday the Eighteenth Day of August next; and that the Service of this Order on the Respondent's Clerk in Court shall be good Service. 106. O'Nolan: The History of a People, 289-290. 107. Ibid, 249-50. 108. History of Lodge 14: Notes on the Freemasonry in County Galway @ http://indigo.ie/~bchapple/Hist.htm. Beside 14 there were five other Lodges warranted for Galway City, Lodge 91 (which lasted from 1738 to 1810), Lodge No. 106 (from 1739 to 1801), Lodge No. 274 (from 1756 to 1825), Lodge No. 368 (from 1761 to 1830 and Lodge No. 9 (from 1825 to 1855). Six warrants were issued for Loughrea, three for Tuam, two for Gort, two for Ballinasloe, one each for Ahascragh, Eyrecourt and Headfort. Also there was a Lodge (No. 329) held in 1759 at Summerville on the west side of Claregalway. The Blakes of Menlo had a large house there about half a mile from the main road and the Lodge probably was held in the house or one of the outbuildings. The first Master was Andrew Blake and the Wardens were Brabazon Nolan and Anthony Nolan. After eleven years the Warrant was moved to Donmacreena on the Mayo border, where another branch of the Blakes had an estate. There is no record to show when the Warrant was cancelled. Summerville long since has disappeared; part of the yard wall remains and the rest has been incorporated in several modern farmhouses. Lodge 329 Issued to brethren in SUMMERVILLE, Newtown Bellew, Co. Galway, 5 July 1759. Summerville was on the west side of Claregalway. The Blakes of Menlo had a large house there and the Lodge probably was held in the house or one of the out-buildings. The first Master was Andrew Blake. (35) Sleaters Public Gazeteer carried the following report on 5th January 1760 :- "Galway Dec. 27th 1759. Last Thursday being St. John's Daythe worshipful, the wardens and deacons of number 331 with the rest of the Brethern, met at The Masons Arms at Brother Laughlin Keeley's in Headfod, whence they walk'd in order through the town, and then returned to the said place, where they had an elegant dinner provided; all the healths proper to the day, together with several loyal taost were cheerfully drank, and in the evening a splendid ball was given to the ladies of the town &c. and concluded the night on the square, in love, harmony and friendship - God bless the King and Craft." Volume 1 of the extant Grand Registers record three brethren registered, Andrew Blake, Esq., Master; Brabazon Nolan, Esq., and Anth. Nolan, Esq. Wardens. Only three other brethren registered 31 January 1770. Removed to DOONMACREENA, Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, 31 January 1770. A slip of paper stuck into the Register reads:- "No. 329 is now held in Donmacrene, near Tuam. 31 Jan. 1770." No names recorded. Many years dormant. Dormant, 4 April 1811. 109. The Cork Examiner, 2 March 1865, @ http://www.irelandoldnews.com/Cork/1865/MAR.html. MARRIAGES. February 28, at the Church of St. Andrew, Westland-row, by the Rev. Patrick Duggin, P.P., of Corofin, Michael Nolan, Esq., of Ballybanagher, county of Galway, to Margaret Josephine, eldest daughter of the late James Lynch, Esq., of Windfield, in the same county. 110. Ireland Old News - The Times London, Middlesex, England, Tuesday, July 5, 1892, The General Election, Biographies of Candidates @ http://www.irelandoldnews.com/Other/1892/JUL.html. Nolan, Lieutenant-Colonel John Philip (Galway, North) (P.) of Balinderry, Tuam, Galway, eld. s. of the late Mr. John Nolan, J.P., of Ballinderry, by Mary Anne, d. of Mr. Walter Nolan, of Loughboy, B. 1838, educated at Clongowes-wood College, Stonyhurst, Trinity College, Dublin, the Staff College and Woolwich, entered the Royal Artillery in 1857. Served throughout the Abyssinian campaign as adjutant to Colonel Milward, present at the capture of Magdala, was mentioned in despatches (Abyssinian medal), retired from the Army with the rank lieutenant-colonel in 1881. In one of the Parnellite Whips, a J.P. for co. Galway, M.P., co. Galway Feb-June, 1872, unseated on petition, and from 1874 to 1885, and for the North division from 1885. 111. The History of Golf in Galway @ Renmore www.galwaygolf.com/historyFiles/ chapter1/Chapter%201.pdf. THE HISTORY OF GOLF IN GALWAY. The first President - Sebastian M. Nolan (17 March 1843 - 14 September 1907). He was the son of John Nolan of Ballinderry and brother of Col. Nolan M. P. The family owned large estates in Ballinderry, Portacarron, Kilmaine and Roundstone. Apart from the wealth he inherited he was also a keen business man and was the largest employer of labour in Galway. He imported fertilisers, chiefly guano from Chile and built the large stores close to the docks. Too late in life to learn golf, he made up in enthusiasm what he lacked in style and play. He was passionately fond of the exercise and he knew everything about it theoretically. At Gentian Hill he constructed and maintained a course which was the scene of many competitions, for which he presented valuable prizes, executed remarkable feats of handicapping and constructed rules which recognised not the authority of the R. A. committee. On the links he was by no means an ideal partner and he could never play a losing game gracefully. But when you reached the clubhouse and the bunkers and bad lies and execrable luck and other shocking things were all behind, the host shone. There was once an unfortunate Scot who had played a round with him in a foursomes and being both off their game they got badly beaten and straightaway villified each other. But when they reached the snug clubhouse and sat down to their tea and muffins Mr. NOLAN slipped upstairs and turned on the gramophone to "Annie Laurie" and it is an open question whether the solace of that Scot or the beaming geniality of the host in paying the curious compliment was the prettier picture. Such were his complex ways. Another story is one about a duel that nearly took place between him and a gallant Colonel, which fortunately did not come off, though one gentleman recommended a dozen golf balls each and a driver at ten yards distance as a good method of settling their differences. He was a thorough sportsman and for years kept a string of racehorses, amongst others, "The Arrowed" which won several races. He was also Commodore of the Royal Galway Yacht Club. On a wild and stormy day he left his home in Seamount to play golf. He died on Gentian Hill while playing a game with his good friend Rev. Fr. Lally P. P. In his will he left his house at Seamount and the Magdalen Asylum to the sisters of Mercy. The following inscription is written on the huge granite Celtic cross which stands over his grave in the New Cemetery. "He was during his life a kind and generous benefactor and by his last will he bequeathed the residence of his estates as an endowment for the great charitable work of the Magdalen Asylum". 112. The History and Antiquities of the County Carlow, John Ryan, 1833, History of Carlow County Ireland, John Ryan, and The Nowlin-Stone Genealogy, James Edmund Nowlin, 357. After the rebellion of 1641-1662 had been suppressed (in which the Nowlan's took sides with the Catholic party), the Nowlan's lost a great deal of their property which was included in the grant made to James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, Lt. General of the Protestant Forces. Due to the Irish Rebellion of 1641, most of the land belonging to the Nowlan family in Northern Ireland was seized by James Butler, the lieutenant general of the Protestant Forces. The family took this complaint to court but was rejected because one of the sons had participated in the revolution. Around 1700, at least 3 (possibly 5) of the Nowlan brothers came from Ireland to America. The Castle of Ballinrobe, in Northern Ireland, belonged to the Nowlan family. Perhaps the Barony of Forth. 113. Claregalway Parish History @ http://www.claregalway.net/castles.htm. 114. Sligo Arts and Culture: Famous Buildings - Castles @ http://sligo.local.ie/content/20479.shtml/arts_and_culture/famous_buildings/castles. Enniscrone Castle is an early 17th century semi-fortified house, built mainly for a degree of comfort in living accommodation rather than for defence. In 1597 the brothers Fearadach and Cormac MacDonnel sold the house to John Crofton, who then sold it to Thomas Nolan of Ballinrobe. His son John was living in the house in 1642. During the 1641 rebellion the Irish commandeered it and placed a garrison in the castle. It was the scene of a small skirmish in 1642 but in 1645 it was captured by Cromwellian forces and they used it until the end of the war. It was then granted to Sir Francis Gore. 115. Galway’s First Nolan Family - An Overview, The Nolan, Newsletter of the O’Nolan Clan Family Association, March 2009, Issue 19, 4. 116. Enniscrone Castle History @ http://www.westsligo.com/enniscrone/history.htm. Enniscrone Castle. In the castle field in the centre of Enniscrone, stands the remains of Enniscrone castle or sometimes known as O’Dowd’s castle. In the fifteenth century, the O’Dowd’s (O'Dubhda) ruled Tireragh. And various branches of the O’Dowd’s took over different parts of Tireragh as landlords. Around this period, several castles were built in Tireragh, including Enniscrone. Tadhg Riabhnach O'Dubhda was chieftain over the O’Dowd’s. He and his family settled in Enniscrone. When he died in 1432, one of his sons Tadgh Bui was fostered by a man called Albanach Mor (the big Scotsman) who, it is thought may have been a Mac Donnell gallowglass mercenary hired by the O’Dowd’s. Albanach Mor built the original castle in Enniscrone. In 1512, during a war between The Mac William Burkes of Mayo and the O’Donnell’s of Donegal, Enniscrone Castle was captured by Burke. O’Donnell’s besieged the castle with his army for four days until it was surrendered. He took the garrison as prisoner and demolished the castle. The O’Dowd’s supported the O’Connor’s of Sligo against O’Donnell and soon rebuilt Enniscrone Castle in order to protect the local area. In 1597, Enniscrone Castle had been sold to John Croft by Fearadach and Cormac O'Dowd, and it is then thought to have been sold to THOMAS NOLAN of Ballinrobe and it stayed in this family until the rebellion of 1641/1642. At ten o'clock on a winters night in January 1642 a party of armed men attacked the castle.” 117. Enniscrone Castle and Church @ http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3728. Enniscrone Castle and Church Wakeman painted Enniscrone Castle and Valentine's Church on 1 August 1879. It is located on a raised level platform on top of a small ridge. It is an example of a 17th century plantation castle. It reflects widespread changes in the 17th century as a result of the policy of plantation adopted by the English crown in an attempt to create a Protestant and more English society in Ireland. These types of houses were the homes of the English and Scottish settlers who came to Ireland and villages often grew up around these settlements. Enniscrone castle was built at a time when the purely defensive nature of castles was being made obsolete by the advances in artillery. The function of the house was to provide a comfortable residence that could be defended against a small-scale attack and is similar in ways to the later fortified manor house at Castlebaldwin . The history of Enniscrone Castle is a long one and its location marks a strategic route along the coastal route through Connaught into west Ulster. A number of fortifications appears to have existed from sometime in the late 14th century and were destroyed on at least two occasions. In 1597 Mac Donnells, who were gallowglasses in the service of the O'Dowd's, the Gaelic lords of the region, sold the castle to John Crofton. Crofton may have rebuilt it and then sold it on to Thomas Nolan of Ballinrobe. Nolan's son was living there in 1642. During the rebellion of 1641 the confederates commandeered the castle and placed a garrison there. It was captured by parliamentarian troops in 1645. It then came into the possession of Frances Gore. The castle consists of a rectangular gabled house with three quarter round towers at the angles, with only the two western towers surviving. The house has two storeys with attics. On the ground floor there is a centrally placed doorway in the south wall that has evidence of drawbar sockets. Also on the ground floor on the west wall is a large fireplace with a small oven built onto its south side, with a smaller fireplace on the upper storey and the chimneys are still intact. The floor levels of the towers correspond to those of the main building. A number of gun loops and small windows occur through the building. The ruined simple rectangular church is called Valentine's church. It has windows, a door in the south wall and a bellcote on the west gable, visible in the painting and photograph. It is possibly on the site of Cill Insi, an older ecclesiastical site which was still standing in 1666. A bell was found in the old Ballina Workhouse in 1934 and an inscription on the bell dated it to 1679. This bell came from this church, which suggests the church was rebuilt sometime around this date. In 1712 Thomas Valentine from Lancashire was appointed to this area as Protestant vicar and died in 1765. About eighteen years later a plaque to his memory was erected in the church, which can be still seen. The church was damaged during the 1798 rebellion and does not seem to have been used again. Valentine was credited with rebuilding the church and hence, it became associated with his name. In the area west of the castle and church there are some remains of boulder circles and monuments similar to those at Carrowmore passage tomb complex. 118. McLaughlin’s of Donegal @ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mallorybrody/Eire/Ulster/clanhist.htm. 119. The Herenagh Families of Donegal @ http://members.aol.com/Lochlan6/herenagh.htm. 120. Patent Rolls of James I: Inquisition at Lifford, 1609 @ http://www.ulsterancestry.com/ua-free-Inquistion_at_Lifford.html. 121. Books of Survey and Distribution: Moorgagagh, Co. Mayo, Ireland @ http://www.shrule.com/_shrule/_display.php?pid=202&fid=21. Books of Survey and Distribution : Moorgagagh After the wars of the mid-seventeenth century, the English government needed solid information on land ownership throughout Ireland to carry out its policy of land redistribution. The Books of Survey and Distribution record ownership before the Cromwellian and Williamite confiscations, c.1641, and after, c.1666 122. Clans and Chieftains (in Ireland) @ http://homepage.tinet.ie/~donnaweb/info/article06.html Forty years after the destruction of the old order in Ulster came the Cromwellian Transplantation to Connacht and Clare which resulted in the confiscation of the estates of great numbers of Catholic landowners and their settlement in smaller holdings in the West or in many cases their exile. 123. The Nolen Story, 13. 124. Ui-Maine or Hy-Maine @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/uimaine.htm. 125. Mac Sweeney Banagh: Mac Suibhne Boghaineach @ http://www.sweeneyclanchief.com/id7.htm. 126. Genealogy forum posting by Susan Peters Zmrzel. There was a Nowlin family in Goochland Co. VA from the 1600's. 127. North Carolina: The Old North State, 41. If there were in Virginia by 1650, as was estimated at that time, 15,000 white people, it is probable that some of them had pushed their settlements across the watershed dividing the streams of southeastern Virginia from those flowing into Albemarle Sound. 128. The Nicolaus Heinrich Crist Account Book - Nicolaus Heinrich Crist (1716-1783) & Ana Catherin Nowlin (1720-1783) @ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ptsonline/stories/cristaccountbook.html. 129. Strafford Inquisition, 25. 130. Genealogical Records of Buckingham County Virginia, 118. The next group of abstracts taken from Albemarle surveys, are thought to refer to land in Buckingham County. 131. Wigton-Walkers: Captain Joseph R. Walker A Family Tree. Enlisted for service in the Revolutionary War at Williamsburg, VA in the winter of 1775. He must have been on speaking terms with Gen. George Washington because he was discharged in February of 1778 "at a camp called Valley Forge." William Willis married Elizabeth at a date unknown. William is buried in Post Oak Graveyard. Descendants of William Nowland (Noland) (Nowlin) of Goochland County Virginia, 1740 & Albemarle County Virginia, 1744. 1. History of Davidson County Tennessee, 25. It might be said of the entire body of Cumberland settlers that as people they were superlatively brave, enterprising, and spirited, and in hardihood and endurance were never surpassed. The full force of this remark will be felt when the fact is stated and properly appreciated that in the year 1783 there were not two hundred men capable of bearing arms in the Cumberland settlements, while at any time there could have been brought into the field against them, from a distance not over two hundred miles at the farthest, the full strength of the Cherokee and Creek nations, numbering not less than ten thousand warriors in a state of deep hostility, and at liberty to select the time and mode of attack. It is confidently believed that few people have encountered greater difficulties in founding a new community. Their record of heroic endurance has few parallels; their tasks were herculean. 2. Ibid, 52. 3. Ibid. Early in the year commissioners appointed by the State of North Carolina to lay off lands for Revolutionary soldiers, and examine claims for pre-emption rights by the Cumberland settlers, arrived at Nashborough accompanied by a guard of one hundred soldiers. The advent of this large force gave hope of better security from Indian depredations, but in this the people were disappointed. These soldiers limited their services to the duty of guarding the commissioners while engaged in their surveys. Many murders and outrages were committed [by the Native-American population] even during the presence of the soldiers in the country. 4. Ibid, 54. An attack was made in the vicinity of Sutherland Mayfield's Station which deserves to have a place in these pages. This station was on the west fork of Mill creek, and about a mile above Brown's. A force of ten or twelve Indians made their appearance near this station, but made no direct attack, which would no doubt have been successful as the men were some distance off building a wolf-pen. Mayfield, his two sons, and Mr. Joslin were busily at work, leaving a soldier to guard their guns a little way off and keep a lookout. The latter inexcusably left his post, when the Indians dashed in between the whites and their guns, and opened at the same time a destructive fire upon them. Mayfield and one of his sons and the soldier were killed, and the other son George, was captured and taken to Creek Nation, where he remained ten or twelve years. 5. Dennis Billings e-mail. 6. 13 September 1838 deposition of David Nolen recorded in the Miscellaneous Records of Williamson Co. Tennessee. 7. Ibid. 8. 10 August 2005 Paul Melchior, a biologist in Minnesota, e-mail. 9. Ibid. 10. Iowa State Gazetteer: 1865, Clayton Co., 134 @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~iaclayto/directory/gazetteer_p133.htm. On the 11th day of January, 1841, the land in this township was brought into market, and in the course of two years, most of the settlers had entered or secured their claims when the passage was procured of another “Act to re-locate the county seat of Clayton county,” approved 15th February, 1843. The Commissioners appointed to select the site, were Hardin Nowlin, of Dubuque County, William Jones, of Jackson County, David Moreland, of Delaware County. The act provided that the Commissioners should meet at Prairie La Porte on the first Monday of April next thereafter, or within one month from that time, and after being sworn, proceed to make their selection; commit their proceedings to writing, describing and naming the place and deliver the same, together with any deeds or donations they might receive, to the Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners. The place so selected was to be and remain the seat of justice, unless the legal voters should wish to decide between it and Prairie La Porte, and should make the same known to the County Commissioners by petition signed by a majority of such voters; in which case it was made the duty of the commissioners to order an election on the first Monday of June. Two of the commissioners, Nowlin and Moreland, met pursuant to the requirements of the law, and drove their site stake on the one-eighth section south of the one selected by the commissioners under the act of 1840, and named it Jacksonville. Many of the inhabitants of the surrounding region, were present to witness the ceremony of location. 11. Ibid. 12. Iowa History Project, Gue, Benjamin F. History of Iowa Vol. IV; New York City: 1903 @ http://iagenweb.org/history/hoi/hointoobios.htm. CHARLES C. NOURSE, one of the earliest of the pioneers of Iowa, was born October 12, 1804. He took up his residence in Dubuque in 1833 before the "Black Hawk Purchase" was incorporated into Michigan Territory. In 1836, when it was a part of Wisconsin Territory, and there was but two organized counties west of the Mississippi River, Mr. Nowlin was chosen one of the Representatives from Dubuque County to the Legislative Assembly which which met at Belmont in October of that year. When the Territory of Iowa was created in 1838, Mr. Nowlin was again elected to its First Legislative Assembly which convened in Burlington in November. He thus participated in the framing and enactment of the first laws extended over Iowa citizens. He died at Waterloo in 1892. HARDIN NOWLIN was born at Sharpsburg, Maryland, April 1, 1829. He received a liberal education and when quite young began the study of law. He graduated from the Law Department of the Transylvania University of Kentucky in 1850 and the following year removed to Iowa, making his home at Keosauqua. In 1852 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and in 1854 chief clerk of the House of the Fifth General Assembly at Iowa City. In 1856 he was Secretary of the Senate. He was a delegate to the State Convention of that year which organized the Republican party of Iowa and served as one of the secretaries. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago which nominated Abraham Lincoln. At the State Convention the same year he was nominated for Attorney-General of Iowa and elected, serving four years. In 1865 Mr. Nourse was appointed Judge of the Fifth District. In 1876 he was selected by the Governor to deliver an address for Iowa at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. It was a masterly oration showing the wonderful progress and development of the new State, and 20,000 copies were published for general circulation. Judge Nourse has long ranked among the ablest lawyers of the State and has been one of the most prominent leaders of temperance and prohibition. 13. Paul Melchior e-mail. 14. Deposition of John Marion of Bedford County, aged 64 years, dated 22 June 1824, James Mayfield @ http://mayfield02.tripod.com/james_mayfield_(d__1780).htm. From Williamson County TN are loose court records for the case of John and George Mayfield versus William Haggard. The following depositions and statements of the plaintiff [William Haggard] mention both John Haggard and various Mayfields: Deposition of Benjamin Joselin [Joslin], dated 27 January 1824: "I was well acquainted with Sutherland Mayfield in Virginia, was raised near him and lived with him in the station at Davidson County now Williamson County, after moving to Tennessee. He is now dead. His admr. was appointed April 1789. Mayfield had a station which was burnt by the Indians about the time of the date of this bond (1786). John Haggart, John Campbell and myself made a contract with Mayfield to go to live with him in his station for 2 years to clear 10 acres of ground each and build a new station. We built the station and all moved our families in to it. When we were burning the logs to plant the first crop the Indians came and fired on us. We were putting up a wolf pen about half a mile from the station. Southerland Mayfield and Andrew Martin, a soldier, was killed. George Mayfield taken prisoner and William Mayfield was killed. In a few days we all left the station at the request of Mrs. Mayfield. ... " "8 Feb. 1786 - Sutherland Mayfield conveyed to John Haggart 200 acres of land lying on Indian Camp Creek, a branch of Mill Creek. Sutherland Mayfield died in March 1789. Margaret, his wife, was appointed admr." Deposition of Batholomore Stovall of Bedford County, aged 69 years, given at the house of John Atkinson, dated 22 June 1824: "I was acquainted with Mayfield for 2 or 3 years before his death. I knew John Haggard about 7 years. He was killed Sept. 1793 [sic]. I heard Mayfield and Haggard talk of their contract about a piece of land for which Haggard was to live with Mayfield at his station 1 year or more. I don't remember how long or how many acres he was to clear. He went to the station in the fall of 1785 or the following winter. Haggard left the station in April 1786 and did not return to live there again. ... " Deposition of John Marion of Bedford County, aged 64 years, dated 22 June 1824: "I knew Sutherland Mayfield upwards of 2 years before his death in 1789. I knew John Haggard about 5 or 6 years before his death in 1793 [sic]. I came to this country in Sept. 1785. Thomas Nolin was killed a few days after I came to this country." From Davidson County TN Deed Book 2, page 54: Indenture, dated 4 January 1799, between John Brown of Logan County KY and John Nolin of Davidson County TN for 160 acres of land on MillCreek. Said land being the said Brown's Preemption of land laid off by a jury appointed to divide a tract of 640 acres granted to said Brown, Haggard and Mayfield, per NC Grant # 1939. 15. Micajah and Thomas Nolin Deed, 5 May 1795, 1792-1796 Roll #1: Davidson County: Register of Deeds, Vol. C: 388. 16. Early History of Middle Tennessee, Edward Albright, 1908, Chapter 24. 17. Annals of Tennessee, 459. 18. Dunham's Declarration, Davidson County Tennessee Court Minutes, July 1784. 19. Founding Families in Nashville, Tennessee, 1779-80 @ http://www.wnfoundersmuseum.org/foundfamilies.htm. Probably little known beyond Tennessee was the unique celebration of America's Bicentenary in 1976 through the reenactment of the overland and river treks from upper East Tennessee to the Cumberland River bluffs in Middle Tennessee, where Nashville was founded in 1779-80. Nashville writer and historian Katherine (Mrs. Mel, Jr.) Barnes conceived the idea, inspired by local author Alfred Leland Crabb's 1957 historical novel, Journey to Nashville. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes researched and retraced both the overland and river journeys during 1972-75, then secured the support of the Tennessee Scenic Rivers Association, the Tennessee American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, and the Sullivan County Historical Society in Kingsport for recreation of the two historic passages in the summer of 1976. Nashvillians joining Katherine Barnes to plan the mini-flotilla voyage were James I. "Buddy" Caldwell, III, Allan Bass, and Don Patterson (who oversaw building of the three flatboats--Adventure II, Rachel, and Charlotte-- in November, 1975, at Rock Harbor Marina near Nashville). Mel Barnes, Jr., planned the overland trek. The flotilla's river voyage from Netherland Inn in Kingsport, where they embarked June 6, to the replica of Fort Nashborough on Nashville's Cumberland River bluffs, where they arrived August 7, 1976, was enthusiastically applauded by observers all along the 1006-mile voyage. Seeing the volunteer-pioneers aboard the wooden vessels carried by the river's swift currents (with the modern advantage of flood control by Tennessee Valley Authority dams) was probably the closest any contemporary citizen could come to understanding the magnitude of that dangerous, death-attended voyage to open the western frontier (of North Carolina at that time) in late 1779 and early 1780. As Theodore Roosevelt described the 1779-80 voyage of the Good Boat Adventure and accompanying 33-boat flotilla in his Winning of the West: "The voyage of John Donelson and his party down the Tennessee River, and up the Cumberland, is one of the most thrilling in history. . .In its political and historical consequences, it was one of the eventful occasions in the life of this nation, being equal in importance to the settlement of Jamestown or the landing at Plymouth Rock." Another fascinating exercise in sleuthing "founding families" is to scour old history books for any "random" mention of pioneer families, such as in Kentucky-native Harriette Simpson Arnow's 1960 Seedtime on the Cumberland. Her book (as well as its companion volume, Flowering of the Cumberland, 1963) is devoted to Middle Tennessee frontier culture and abounds with meticulous research and footnotes. Arnow's text is liberally laced with names of pioneers who arrived at French Lick / Big Salt Lick / Nashborough at the same time or on the heels of the Robertson and Donelson parties in 1779-80. Considering how many intrepid settlers lost their lives during 1780-83, these hardy civilization-builders should, indeed, be termed "founding families": Catharine Lefever, widow of Isaac Lefever; Mrs. Ephraim Peyton (killed); Hugh Henry, Sr.; Daniel Chambers; David Gwinn; John Buchanan, Sr., wife, and 3 sons: Samuel, Alexander, and John; Cornelius and Jane Mulherrin Ruddle; John and James Mulherrin, with their families; Sampson and Daniel Williams; Thomas Thompson; Anthony Bledsoe; Humphrey Hogan; Thomas and Josiah Ramsey; William and Benjamin Drake; Hugh F. Bell; Philip Conrad; Nicholas and Philip Tramel; Major Thomas Hickman; Thomas Spencer; Hugh and James Leeper (also spelled Leiper); and John Turnbull. Many of these surnames survive today in names of waterways, roads, towns, and even counties. 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. Chickasaw People and Their Historic Homeland @ http://www.tngenweb.org/tnfirst/chicksaw/. While the Chickasaw Indians lived primarily in northern Mississippi during historic times, their extensive land claims included parts of northern Alabama, West and parts of Middle Tennessee, and western Kentucky. Those Tennessee and Kentucky claims were primarily for hunting grounds. Chickasaw claims overlapped Cherokee claims in Middle Tennessee. Chickasaw land was roughly bounded by the Ohio River in western Kentucky, south with the east side of the Mississippi River through Tennessee into Mississippi to approximately the 34th or 33rd parallel, south-eastward with the northern boundary of their often-unfriendly Choctaw neighbors and into Alabama and to Creek Country, then northward to the Tennessee River. The easternmost border of their land claim ran to the Chickasaw Old Fields, near Chickasaw Island on the Tennessee River east of Muscle Shoals, almost directly south of today's Huntsville, Alabama. Here the Chickasaw lands met and overlapped the Cherokee lands. Their claim meandered north and west -- including some parts of the Elk River and Duck River -- through western Middle Tennessee -- where much of this land was also claimed by the Cherokee -- and finally running to the Ohio River. 23. Goodspeed's History of Washington County, Part One @ http://www.rootsweb.com/~tncjones/goodspeed1.htm In May, 1788, the Franklin government had ceased to exist, and the courts of Davis were held unmolested. At that time John Hammer, William Pursley, Robert Love and William Moore, commissioners appointed by the preceding General Assembly of North Carolina to select a sight for a prison and stocks, reported that they were of the opinion that Jonesboro was the most convenient place. From this it may be inferred that it had been the intention of the General Assembly to remove the seat of justice from Jonesboro, that place having become obnoxious on account of its adherence to Gov. Sevier. The excitement and ill feeling had somewhat subsided at this time, however, and after hearing the above report, the court ordered that John Nolan be paid 25 pounds in part for completing the public buildings at Jonesboro. In November, 1790, the first session of the county court under the Territorial government was held, at which time Charles Robertson, John Campbell, Edmund Williams and John Chisolm were the magistrates present. On May 16, 1796, the court was again reorganized to conform to the provisions of the State constitution. The magistrates commissioned by Gov. Sevier were James Stuart, John Tipton, John Wise, John Adams, John Strain, Henry Nelson, Joseph Young, Joseph Crouch, William Nelson, Robert Blair, Jesse Payne, Isaac DePew, Charles McCray, Samuel Wood, Jacob Brown, John Alexander, Joseph Britton, John Norwood and John Gammon. 24. Williamson Co. TN 1836 District Map @ http://www.tngenweb.org/williamson/history/WmCoDst1836Map.html. No. XVI. Bounded as follows: - Beginning at Shannon’s X Roads; thence east, with the old Jefferson road, to the dividing ridge between Nolens' fork and the main east fork of Mill Creek near Esq. BARNS’; thence north, with said ridge and the eastern boundary line of Capt. Thomas NOLEN’s company, to the Davidson county line near Concord meeting house; thence west, with said line, to the north east corner of the fifteenth district; thence south, with the east boundary line of the fifteenth district, to the south east corner of the same; thence south, with the road, to the beginning. And have designated, in like manner, the house of John M. WINSTEAD as a suitable place for holding elections, &c. 25. The Lindsey Clan @ http://www.angelfire.com/my/lindseyrelations/lindsey_clan.htm. This is an excerpt of a “work in progress” by Fred Lindsey on the History of Josiah Lindsey and his family. There are still areas where he has made notes to himself, please overlook these. Thanks. “Upon his return from Texas, in 1837, Josiah Lindsey moved his family from Tennessee to Guntown, Itawamba County, Mississippi. (Add history of the area) Guntown is north-east of Tupelo, near the Alabama line—so they weren’t too far from Josiah & Eritty’s former “first home” in Florence, Lauderdale Co. AL, which was about 45 miles northeast along the Natchez Trace. Josiah’s son, James Monroe, also bought a farm, nearby his parent’s farm. 26. Gravelly Springs Alabama @ http://www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/Quarter/2926/Local_History.html. The new year of 1865 saw hard times in Lauderdale and Colbert Co., Ala. after Union Maj. James H. Wilson established a camp at Gravelly Springs which has since been known as the "largest cavalry force ever massed in the western hemisphere". Civilians had been the target of repeated raids, and supplies had been scarce for some time. The county was clearly not able to sustain such an encampment. The one thing the area did have was water in abundance for which the community took its name. Union Sgt. Will Pepper recorded their Christmas dinner (1864) was devoid of all delicacies, "Backbone and grit is a good substitute when hardtack and pork fail... It was a wonder we found hog and hominy enough to keep body and soul together in that land of poor whites with neither turkeys nor chickens..." There is little wonder the people of Lauderdale county were destitute with an encampment of approximately 27,000 men in their midst who routinely made raids which were recorded in Sgt. Pepper's diary. 27. Eleventh Alabama Cavalry Regiment @ http://www.archives.state.al.us/referenc/alamilor/11thcav.html. The nucleus of this regiment was a battalion that served for some time under Gen. Forrest, and was commanded by Col. Jeffrey Forrest. Soon after the latter's death, the command was increased to a regiment, and re-organized. It was with Forrest in the attack on Athens and Sulphur Trestle, and in the fight at Pulaski, losing very severely in casualties on the expedition. The regiment rendered effective service to Gen. Hood. It was part of Roddy's force at Montevallo, and was in front of Wilson's column to Selma; At the assault on the works there, the Eleventh was in the trenches, and nearly all its men retired therefrom, as the part of the line held by them was not assailed. The regiment laid down its arms at Decatur. Colonels - John R. Burtwell of Lauderdale. Lieut. Colonels - John Doan of Mississippi. Adjutants - David Halsey of Franklin. Four of the companies were from Franklin county, under Captains C. Hyatt, John Steele, Thomas Bonner, and Parker Rand; two from Lauderdale, Captains John Barr and Y. A. Gray; one from Morgan, Captain Z. F. Freeman; one from Limestone, Captain S. MeDonald; and two from the State of Mississippi, Captains Van Flake and J. A. Akers. 28. Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System and "Brief Historical Sketches of Military Organizations Raised In Alabama During the Civil War." Reproduced from Willis Brewer's Alabama: Her History, Resources War Record, and Public Men From 1540 to 1872. 29. Ibid. 30. Ibid. 31. Ibid. 32. Ibid. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid. 35. Ibid. 36. Ibid. 37. Dennis Billings e-mail. 38. Washington County Tennessee : Biography - Hon. Zachariah Isbell. 39. Town of Waterloo @ http://travel.nostalgiaville.com/Alabama/florence/florence%20al.htm. Settled in 1819, established in 1824, and incorporated in 1832. One of Alabama's oldest incorporated towns. Waterloo was an important river port during the steamboat era. Large boats from Louisville, Cincinnati, and other places would unload here, smaller crafts were used to transport goods and passengers up river to Florence during low water seasons. Following a disastrous flood in 1847, the town was relocated to its present site. It was shelled by Union gunboats in July 1862. On November 1, 1863. General William T Sherman crossed the river here and made his temporary headquarters in the home of Dr O B Sullivan. These markers were erected after the maps were completed. 40. Alabama Department of Archives & History - Historical Markers - Lauderdale County @ http://www.archives.state.al.us/markers/ilauderdale.html. TRAIL OF TEARS. Thousands of Cherokee Indians passed through Waterloo in the 1830s when they were forced by the U.S. government to move West on the "Trail of Tears." Most came by boat from Tuscumbia and camped here to await transfer to larger steamboats. During the encampment several births and deaths occurred. One party of 1,070 Cherokees traveled overland from Ross' Landing in Tennessee due to low water in the upper river. Following the general route of U.S. Hwy.72 to Florence, they arrived here July 10, 1838, in miserable conditions after a 23-day journey. About 17,000 Cherokees were driven from their homeland in the southern Appalachian Mtns. Most traveled by land through Tennessee and on to Oklahoma. Great suffering and about 4,000 deaths occurred along the Trail, especially during the winter of 1838-39. 41. Krebs Museum - Old Krebs Photographs @ http://www.krebsmuseum.com/KHM-OldPhotos.html. COAL MINE NO. 11. The base photo in this collage was taken from the 1902 annual report of the Osage Coal & Mining Company, which operated the major mines in Krebs from the 1870's to the early 1900's. Mine #11 exploded on January 7, 1892, killing almost 100 men and boys as young as 12 years old and wounding many more. This was the worst mining disaster in Indian Territory/Oklahoma history and almost every household in Krebs was directly affected. The report states that the mine had been totally refurbished just prior to 1902. Krebs, McAlester, and most of the surrounding towns within 15 miles, owe their existence to coal mining. The color overlay in lower right is of the memorial that was erected and dedicated at the site of the mine in the summer of 2002. It memorializes those lost or wounded in the 1892 explosion. The large masonry object to the left of the large tree is a base for mining machinery and is all that remains of the original mine. The memorial is located 2 1/2 blocks north of the Krebs School. 42. 2004-05 Twanna Goodwin, Little Rock television station message board post. 43. 2 April 2003 - The Courier, Russellville, Arkansas. 44. 31 January 2005 - Stars and Stripes, Letters to the editor for Thursday, December 16, 2004. 45. Liber R No. 1, folio 509, Charles County, Maryland. Over 2000 names are associated with this database. They can be found at Rootsweb/Worldconnect. HERE ARE MY WEBSITES: DESCENDANTS OF WILLIAM NOWLAND (NOLAND) (NOWLIN) OF GOOCHLAND COUNTY VIRGINIA, 1740 & ALBEMARLE COUNTY VIRGINIA, 1744. O'NOLAN (NOWLAND) (NOLAND) (NOWLEN) (NOWLIN) (NOLUN) (NOLIN) (NOWLING) (NOLEN) CENSUS, DEED, LAND, MARRIAGE, & OBITUARY RECORDS, 195-1990: IRELAND, VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, ALABAMA, ARKANSAS & TEXAS. TOWNSHIPS OF CARLOW COUNTY, IRELAND. BENNER, GOTTHARDT, HAGELGANS, & LORENZ GENEALOGY. POETRY OF GLENN ALLEN NOLEN. FAMILY PHOTOS OF GLENN ALLEN NOLEN. DESCENDANTS OF JOHN MOBLEY OF SOUTH RIVER PARISH, ANN ARUNDEL COUNTY, MARYLAND, 1687. DESCENDANTS OF JOHN M. (MAC) HORTON: GEORGIA, 1827. BLUE MOUNTAIN DAM, AR: CEMETERY RELOCATION RECORDS. DESCENDANTS OF CHRISTIAN ADAM BARTH AND CATHERINE WUNDERLICK. FAMILY TREE OF GLENN ALLEN NOLEN AT WORLDCONNECT. WEB PAGES OF GLENN ALLEN NOLEN. BISHOP GENEALOGY Here are some of my favorite websites: ONLINE SHORT STORY BY EDWARD EVERETT HALE (1822–1909): THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY. THE HARVARD CLASSICS SHELF OF FICTION, 1917. CENSUS OF CARLOW COUNTY IRELAND, 1659. NOLANDS OF AMERICA. EARLY HISTORY OF MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 1860 CENSUS WILLIAMSON CO. TN. 1880 CENSUS YELL CO. AR. MOBLEY CEMETERY, YELL CO. AR. CEMETERY RECORDS OF YELL CO. AR. DESCENDANTS OF PIERCE NOWLAND (NOLAND)- VERY LARGE DOCUMENT: BE PATIENT. THE NICOLAUS HEINRICH CRIST ACCOUNT BOOK - NICOLAUS HEINRICH CRIST (1716-1783) & ANA CATHERIN NOWLIN (1720-1783). NOWLIN GENEALOGY. UNITED STATES MIGRATION PATTERNS FROM 1660. HAVANA ARKANSAS CITY CEMETERY. HISTORY OF THE FIRST REGIMENT ALABAMA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY C. S. A. 11TH ALABAMA CAVALRY REGIMENT, CSA, ALABAMA. NOLENSVILLE, TN SUGAR GROVE CEMETERY, LOGAN COUNTY ARKANSAS. ISBELL GENEALOGY. DESCENDANTS OF JOHN ISBELL. IRELAND'S HISTORY IN MAPS. DESCENDANTS OF JOHN NOWLAN (NOWLIN). ASHOKAN FAREWELL (HARPSONG), SONG DURATION: 3:08. MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE. IRISH MAGIC AND TUATH DE DANAANS. IRISH SEPT AND CLAN PAGES. E-MAIL GLENN ALLEN NOLEN @ ganolen@netzero.com.