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Almos OF HUNGARY ( -895)
Almos, Grand Prince of the Magyars | Almos, Grand Prince of the Magyars | |||
Name: | Almos OF HUNGARY 1 |
Sex: | Male |
Father: | Ügyek OF HUNGARY ( - ) |
Mother: | Emese ( - ) |
Individual Events and Attributes
Occupation | frm 0854 to 0895 | Magyar Prince of Hungary |
Death | 0895 | |
Group/Caste Membership | Árpáds |
Additional Information
Death | Cause: assassination or human sacrifice as a result of the catastrophic defeats during the wars with the Bulgarian Empire and the Pechenegs |
Marriage
Árpád, Grand Prince of Magyars | Árpád, Grand Prince of Magyars | Grand Prince Árpád's statue in Hero's Square in Budapest | ||||
Spouse | (unknown) | |
Children | Árpád OF HUNGARY (845?-907) |
Individual Note
Álmos (c. 820 – c. 895), the first Grand Prince of the Magyars (after 854 – c. 895). The Gesta Hungarorum ("The Deeds of the Hungarians") records that his father was Ügyek, while the Chronicon Pictum (the "Vienna Illuminated Chronicle") mentions his father as Elod (the son of Ügyek); his mother was Emese.[1]
Birth
The medieval chronicle recounts the story of his birth as follows: "his pregnant mother had seen a divine vision in her dream of a Turul bird, as it were flying over her and getting her with child; and a spring seemed to rise from her womb and many great kings originated from her loins, although they would multiply not in their own lands".[2] The legend is often given as an explanation for the name Álmos, which is derived from the Hungarian word for "dream."
Grand Prince of the Magyars
According to the medieval chronicles, Álmos was proclaimed Grand Prince of the Magyars by the leaders of the Hétmagyar, the confederation of the seven Magyar tribes,[2] but the De Administrando Imperio states that the office was created by the Khagan of the Khazars, and that it was not Álmos, but his son Árpád, who became the first Grand Prince.[2] Modern historians usually follow the tradition that Álmos was the first Grand Prince in the second half of the 850s.[1][2] It is unclear whether Álmos became the kende (spiritual leader) of the confederation or its gyula (military leader.)[1]
At that time, the Magyar tribes were living under Khazar supremacy.[1][3]
Before 862, the seven Magyar tribes, living in the area they called Etelköz, seceded from the Khazars; afterwards, they were exacting tribute from the neighbouring Slavic tribes and they fought occasionally as mercenaries on behalf of King Carloman of Bavaria, King Arnulf I of Germany and King Svatopluk I of Great Moravia.[3] The Hétmagyar confederation was strengthened when three tribes of the Kabars, who had rebelled against the Khazars, joined them before 881.[1]
In the spring of 895, the Magyar tribes attacked the Bulgarian Empire allied with the Byzantine emperor, Leo VI the Wise and defeated Emperor Simeon I of Bulgaria obliging him to conclude peace with the Byzantine Empire.[3] The Emperor Simeon entered into an alliance with the Pechenegs, who were the eastern neighbours of the Hétmagyar, and he made an attack against the Magyar troops.[3] At the Battle of Southern Buh, the Emperor Simeon defeated the Magyar army; and shortly afterwards, the Pechenegs attacked and pillaged their territories.[3] The Magyar tribes were obliged to leave Etelköz and invade the Carpathian Basin where they settled down (Honfoglalás).[3]
Álmos' death was probably caused by either assassination or human sacrifice because of the catastrophic defeats during the wars with the Bulgarian Empire and the Pechenegs.[2]
Alternative Theory
According to Ibn Fadlan, the two names Álmos and Almysh are the same. It refers to the same person: Almysh, the Baltavar (ruler) of the Volga-Bulgars, member of the Dulo Dynasty ( IYI ), descendant of Attila and his son Irnik, through Kubrat and his son Bat-Bayan Bezmer, great-grandson of Tat-Ugek, senior son of Gabdullah Shilki, he was raised to the Baltavar throne in 895 and died in 925. Almysh officially converted the Volga Bulgars to a Muslim State. Almysh senior son Arbat, as a leader of the Kara-Bulgars, seceeded and led a confederation of tribes (Magyar, Bashkort, Onogur, Sabir, Khazar) to the Carpathian Basin.
This theory fails to explain, however, how the Magyars came to dominate, and how were they able to impose their language.
Child
Árpád, Grand Prince of the Magyars (c. 845 – c. 907)
NOTES:
1 a b c d e Kristó, Gyula (editor) (1994). Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század) (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History - 9-14th centuries). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 39. ISBN 963 05 6722 9.
2 a b c d e Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996). Az Árpád-ház uralkodói ("Rulers of the Árpád dynasty"). I.P.C. KÖNYVEK Kft.. p. 9. ISBN 963 7930 973.
3 a b c d e f Kristó, Gyula (1996). Magyar honfoglalás - honfoglaló magyarok ("The Hungarians' Occupation of their Country - The Hungarians occupying their Country"). Kossuth Könyvkiadó. pp. 66–67. ISBN 963 09 3836 7.2
Sources
1 | Weis, Frederick Lewis & Sheppard, Walter Lee, Jr, "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and other Historical Individuals". p 219, 243-1. |
2 | "Wikipedia". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Prince_%C3%81lmos. |