Augustine BEARSE

Augustine BEARSE (1618?-bef1697)

Name:	Augustine BEARSE ^1,2
Sex:	Male
Father:	-
Mother:	-

Individual Events and Attributes

Birth	1618 (app)	England
Death	bef 1697 (age 78-79)	Barnstable Co, Masschusetts

Marriage


	Priscilla Bearse Hall gravestone says: HERE LYES Ye BODY OF PRESILLER HALL WIFE TO DECON JOHN HALL AGED 68 YEARS DIED MARCH 30th 1712. The photos are from the Farber Gravestone Collection owned by the American Antiquarian Society. This is one of the earliest dated winged heads on Cape Cod. Located at the Route 6A behind Cape Playhouse grounds.		Priscilla Bearse Hall gravestone. This is one of the earliest dated winged heads on Cape Cod. Located at the Route 6A behind Cape Playhouse grounds.

Spouse	Mary "Little Dove" HYANNO (1624-aft1660)
Children	Priscilla BEARSE (1643-1712)
Marriage	1639 (age 20-21)	Manachee Village, Barnstable Co, Massachusetts

Individual Note 1

AUSTIN or AUGUSTINE BEARSE came over in the ship Confidence, of London, from Southampton, Apr. 24, 1638, aged 20; and came to Barnstable 1639. It is said that his wife was named Mary. Among the passengers of the Confidence on the voyage when he came was Mary, dau. of Martha Wilder, and it has been conjectured that she may have become his wife. [hkb -- obviously, someone has connected him to Mary Hyanno, an indian, thereby casting doubt on the Wilder connection.] His houselot of twelve acres of very rocky land was in the west part of the east parish; bounded west by John Crocker's land, north by the meadow, east by Goodman Isaac Robinson's land, and southerly into ye woods; he owned six acres of meadow adjoining his upland on the north, and two thatch islands, known as Bearse's Islands; he had about six acres in the Calve's Pasture, esteemed to be the best land in town; eight acres of planting land on the north side of Shoal pond; and bounded by Goodman Cooper's, called Huckins' Neck; and thirty acres at the Indian pond lot; bounded east by Herring river. His house stood on the north side of the road; the cellar and some remains of his orchard existed a hundred years ago (written in 1899). A road from his house to Hyannis is known as Bearse's Way; freeman June 3, 1652, and May 3, 1653; Grand Juror 1653, 1662; surveyor of highways 1674; adm. to Mr. Lothrop's church, Apr. 29 1643. Goodman Bearse did what he honestly believed to be his duty; and was one of the very few against whom no complaint was ever made, which speaks well for his character; a farmer, lived on the products of his land; and brought up his large family to like himself, useful members of society. The record of his marriage, death or settlement of his estate has not been discovered.³

Individual Note 2

Augustine BEARSE. Augustine Bearce was born in Europe 1618, and died between 1686 - 1697 presumably Barnstable, MA. He was a full blood Gypsy of the Romany Race, deported by the British Govt., on the Confidence of London 1638, entered on the passenger list as Augustine Bearce, single age 20 years. Augustine was of the Romany/Gypsy tribe Heron or Herne. He was deported from England by the British authorities because he was Romany and caught on British soil. Augustine married summer of 1639 in Machatache Village Cape Cod, under pagan Indian ceremonial rights, to Mary (Little Dove) Hyanno, full blood Wampanoag Princess, daughter of John Hyanno, Sagamore at Cummunaquad Barnstable Harbor. She was a granddaughter of Highyannough, Sachem of all the Cape tribes; Mary Hyanno's mother was a daughter of the ruling Sachem at Gay Head Martha's Vineyard Island of that period. He was married to Mary (Little Dove) HYANNO in 1639 in Mattacheevillage, Barnstable, MA.

- A Contribution to the Genealogy of the Bearse or Bearss Family in America 1618-1871, by John Bearss Newcomb, Dec 7, 1871⁴

Individual Note 3

Austin Bearse came over "in the good Shipp, the Confidence of London, of two hundred tonnes" from Southhampton, England, April 24, 1638 and was then 20 years of age, having been born in or near Southhampton in 1618. He came to Barnstable (near Cape Cod, MA) with the first company in 1639. His houselot, containing twelve acres of very rocky land in the westerly part of the East Parish, was bounded westerly by John Crocker's land, northerly by the meadow, Easterly by Isaac Robinson's land and southerly "into y woods". His house stood on the north side of the road, and his cellar and some remains of his orchard existed at the commencement of the this century. A road from his house to Hyannis is still known as "Bearse's Way"**. He owned six acres of meadow adjoining his upland on the north, and two thatch islands still known as Bearse's Islands. He also had six acres of land in the Calves Pasture, esteemed as being the best soil in the town; eight acres of planting land on the north of Shoal's pond bounded by Mr. Coopers, now called Huckin's Neck and thirty acres at the Indian ponds bounded easterly by the Herring River. The Indian Pond lot he sold to the Thomas Allen and the planting lands at Shoal Pond were occupied by his descendants until recently. John Jenkins and John Dexter afterward owned the ancient homestead.

He became a member of Mr. Lothrop's Church April 29, 1643; his name

stands at the head of the list. The first person admitted. He appears to have been very exact in the performance of his religious duties, causing his children to be baptised on the day of their birth, if Sunday or on the following sabbath. His son Joseph, born on Sunday, January 25, 1652 was taken two miles to the church and baptized the same day. Many believed that children dying upbaptized were lost and that consequently it was the duty of the parents to present their children early for baptism. Being influenced by the this feeling, he did not wish by a week's delay to imperil the eternal salvation of his child. Now such an act would be pronounced unnecessary and cruel. However differently the present generation may view the question of baptism, he did what he honestly believed his duty and he who does that intelligently is to be justified.

He was proposed to be admitted a freeman, June 3 1652, and was admitted on the 3rd of May following, His name rarely occurs on the records. He was a grand juror in 1653 and 1662, and a surveyor of highways in 1674. He was one of the very few against whom no complaint was ever made, a fact which speaks well for his character as a man and as a citizen. He was a farmer, lived on the produce of the land, and brought up his large family to be like himself - useful members of society. There appears to be no record of his death, nor settlement of his estate on the probate records. He was living in 1686,

but died before 1697.

**this road is still known as Bearse's way in 1996

Quoted from Genealogical Notes of Barnstable Families⁵

Individual Note 4

Austin...became a member of Mr. Lothrops Church...his name stands at the head of the list...(since this writing I have become satisfied that there is an omission in the Cape Church records preserved 1642 of members admitted in 1640 and 1641)... His grandsons settled early at Hyannis

Individual Note 5

William Cornwell's wife is theorized to be Mary Hyanno, an Indian princess. Though no first hand evidence has yet been found to support this claim, there is circumstantial evidence that supports this theory. (F-634) 1) Hartford Puritans in that time period would not recognize or record a marriage between an Indian and themselves, but they did record the children's births. All other marriages for the town of Hartford are recorded except for William Cornwell and his wife, Mary even though William's children are recorded. 2) When the Puritan band led by Sgt. William Cornwell removed to establish Middletown, CT. in 1650, the maiden names of all of the Puritan Women were again recorded, but not William Cornwell's wife, Mary. 3) After the Pequot Indian War, Sgt. William Cornwell, was appointed by the Hartford Puritans to purchase Cummaquid/Narangasettt Indian lands which he negotiated with and through Mary Hyanno's father, Chief Hyanno. 4) William was the original owner of lands on Indian Hill in Middletown, Connecticut, a town he helped found. 5) Naragansset and Wampanoag tribe records supposedly include William Cornwell in their traced lineages, though they will not currently verify this lineage for their fears that persons seeking that information are simply trying to take advantage of their recent economic gains as a tribe. (BETTY SULLIVAN, [email protected])

It should be noted that an entire Bearce line claims that this Mary Hyanno married an Augustine Bearce instead, but this is effectively put in question in the "American Genealogist", Vol. XV (1938-9). Catherine Judd and I have found further evidence that this Bearce line was first published by Franklin Bearse in the 1900's when he was trying to claim Indian ancestry during the depression to get help from the government. He added a middle Indian name which was not his name at birth or on his social security application and claimed to be descended from at least 3 Indian princesses, two of which Jacobus in the "American Genealogist" disproved. The third was Mary Hyanno but Jacobus considered it highly suspect because of all the falsehoods in the lineage. (F-642, 642a, 2376) Lastly, in Barnstable, Massachusetts, there is no Augustine Bearse listed in any of the vast records of that town in the 1600's on the N.E.H.G.S. CD "Barnstable Massachussetts". There is an Austin Bearse listed in deed records of 1686. There is no mention of Augustine Bearse and Mary Hyanno in the actual records for Barnstable. In conclusion, this is a completely falsified line.

11 Cornwell, Gale, Letters dated 2000+ (81641 Ave 48, #89, Indio, CA 92201-6749).

12 Jacobus, Donald Lines, "The American Genealogist" (Vol. XV, (1938-1939)).⁶

Individual Note 6

Confidence ship manifest:

Immigrant Ships

Transcribers Guild

Confidence

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Southampton, England to New England

24 April 1638

Another transcription of this voyage can be seen at Confidence Vol 1

List of passengers from Southampton for New England 24 April 1638 by the 'Confidence' of London, two hundred tons - Master Mr. John Gibson. - "by vertue of the Lord Treasurers warrant of the 11th April"

Columns represent*: First Name, Last Name, Name of the place each lived prior to the voyage, Occupation, Age, Name of the place where they settled Accompanied by (relationship, name, age, place each lived prior to the voyage, occupation).

Walter Hayne, 55, of Sutton Mandeville, Wilts, linen weaver, Settled Sudbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Elizabeth

their sons: Thomas, John and Josias under 16

and daughters: Suffrance and Mary 5

and servants: John Blanford 27

John Riddet 26

Richard Bidlcombe 16

Peter Noyce, 47, of Penton, Hants, yeoman, Settled Watertown

Accompanied by:

son: Thomas 15

daughter: Elizabeth

and servants: Robert Davis 30

John Rutter 22

Margaret Davis 26

Nicholas Guy, 50, of Upton Grey, Hants, carpenter, Settled Watertown

Accompanied by:

his wife: Jane 30

daughter: Mary

and servants: Joseph Taynter 25

Robert Bayley 23

John Bent, 35, of Penton, Hants, husbandman, Settled Sudbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Martha

and children: Robert 10

William 6

Peter 4

John 2

Agnes 8

Roger Porter, 55, of Long Sutton, Hants, husbandman, Settled Watertown

Accompanied by:

and daughters: Joane

Susan

Mary

Rose

John Sanders, 25, of Langford, Wilts, husbandman, Settled Salisbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Sara

? relationship: John Cole 40

servants: Roger Eastman 25

Richard Blake 16

William Cottle 12

Robert King 24

John Rolfe, 50, of Melchitt Park, Wilts, husbandman, Settled Salisbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Ann

their daughter: Hester

their servant: Thomas Whittle 18

John Goodenowe, 42, of Semley, Wilts, husbandman, Settled Sudbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Jane

their daughters: Lydia and Jane

Edmond Goodenowe, 27, of Donhead, Wilts, husbandman, Settled Sudbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Ann

their sons: John 3

Thomas 1

servant: Richard Sangar 18

Thomas Goodenowe, 30, of Shafsbury [Shaftesbury, Dorset], Settled Sudbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Jane

his son: Thomas 1

his sister: Ursula

Edmund Kerley, 22, of Ashmore, [Dorset], husbandman, Settled Sudbury

Accompanied by:

? relationship: William Kerley, of Ashmore [Dorset], husbandman

? relationship: Edmund Morres, of Kington Magna, Dorset, carpenter

Stephen Kent, 27, of Nether Wallop, Hants, Settled Newbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Margery 26

servants: George Church 16

Hugh Marshe (or March) 20

Anthoney Sadler 9

Nicholas Wallington, a poor boy

Rebecca Kent 16

John Stephens, 31, of Goversham [?Caversham], Oxon, husbandman, Settled Newbury

Accompanied by:

his wife: Elizabeth

his mother: Alice Stephens

? relationship: William Stephens 21, of Goversham, husbandman

servants: John Lowgee 16

Grace Lowgee

Thomas Jones, 36, of Goversham, tailor

Accompanied by:

his wife: Ann

their 4 [unnamed] children under 10

and servants: William Baunche 24

Jude Donley

Martha Wilder of Shiplake, Oxon, spinster

Accompanied by:

her daughter: Mary

? relationship: Augustin Bearce 20

Martha Keene 60

John Keene 17

Elizabeth Keene

Martha Keene

Josias Keene

Sarah Keene

'Confidence' passenger list held at PRO Kew: C01/9/99.

Transcribed and Contributed by Derek Tillford for the

Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild

Formatted by Sharon Krisko a member of the

Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild

25 March 2001⁷

Individual Note 7

Another ship's manifest from http://www.angelfire.com/ky3/caroln242/documents/passlist2.html:

Passenger list for the ship Confidence 1638

Version 2

Captain John Gibson – April 11 or April 24

Document found at: http://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/confidence.htm

__________________________________________________________________________

The Confidence left Southampton April 11, 1638 or April 24, with Master John Gibson, and 84 passengers

Other sources say the master was John Jobson, arriving in Boston from Southampton April 24, 1638.

Alphabetical roll :

Baunsh William 24, Jones servant

Bayley, Robert 23, Guy servant

Bearce, Augustine 20 (From Longstock, Hampshire, bound for Barnstable. Ref: Banks Mss. 36 pg 61)

Individual Note 8

Information from http://www.murrah.com/gen/bearse.htm:

The Bearse Surname

The origin of the Bearse surname is unknown, although its earliest known form is said to be BeArce. Legend says that the first Bearse in the line Augustine Bearse was a gypsy. Whether the name is of Romany (gypsy) extraction is unknown at this time.

Bearse has been spelled various ways through the years as follows:

BeArce

Bearse

Bearce

Barss

Bears

Bierce

Augustine Bearse

The first Bearse in the line was Augustine Bearse, also known as Austin Bearse. What we know for sure about Augustine Bearse is that at age 20 he arrived at Plymouth from Southampton, England on April 24, 1638 aboard the "Confidence". After a short time in Plymouth proper, he moved to Barnstable (Cape Cod) with the first company in 1639.

In 1643 he was the first to join the church of Rev. John Lothrop which had moved to Barnstable after a dispute over infant baptism, which the Lothrop Church supported. In 1652 Bearse was admitted a freeman. It is said that he was one of the few residents against whom no complaints were ever filed. He was a farmer, but in his civic role he served as surveyor of highways in 1674. He was still living in 1686 but had died by 1697.

Augustine Bearse was said to be a very pious man as shown by the following excerpt from GENEALOGICAL NOTES OF BARNSTABLE FAMILIES:

He appears to have been very exact in the performance of his religious duties, causing his children to be baptized on the Sabbath following the day of their birth. His son Joseph was born on Sunday, Jan'y 25, 1651, O. S., and was carried two miles to the church and baptized the same day. . . .Now such an act would be pronounced unnecessary and cruel.

The Bearse name survives on Cape Cod to this day in the short unpaved road near his former homesite in Eastham known as "Barss Lane". In the photo to the left the author stands next to a utility pole with a sign marking Bearse's namesake street.

The Bearse Controversies

Augustine Bearse is controversial in genealogy circles because of a document entitled "From Out of the Past--Who Our Forefathers Really Were, a True Narrative of ourWhite and Indian Ancestors" filed in the 1930's by Franklin Ele-watum Bearse, a Scaticoke and Eastern Indian, in an attempt to obtain benefits as an Indian from the State of Connecticut. Mr. Bearse's claims are analyzed in a article by Jacobus entitled "Austin Bearse and His Alleged Indian Connections" in THE AMERICAN GENEALOGIST published about 1936.

According to this document based on family legend based on a diary which no longer exists by Zerviah Newcombe Augustine's daughter-in-law and passed down through Franklin Bearse's family, Augustine Bearse was a gypsy who was expelled from England and put on the ship to the New World. Once at Plymouth, the single Bearse was shunned by the English women because of his ancestry. As a result he married a Wampanoag Indian woman named Mary Hyanno, the daughter of John Hyanno, and granddaughter of Iyannough, the sachem of the Mattachee village of Wampanoags of Cape Cod. Mary Hyanno is said to have been of fair complexion and red hair. The Wampanoags were often referred to as "white Indians" due to their light skin and are believed to have descended from Viking explorers. John Hyanno's mother is said to have been a princess of the Narragansett tribe and the daughter of Canonicus who was a sachem of some renown. Canonicus along with one Miantonomi were the two principals in deeding over what is now called Rhode Island to Roger Williams.

There is no proof of Bearse's gypsy ancestry. However, Jacobus' assertion that

To suppose that a Gypsy, a deported criminal, and the husband of an Indian, would have enjoyed such standing in a Puritan community is absurd

perhaps betrays more than a touch of modern-day prejudice.

Among librarians at the Library of Congress, Jacobus is known as an author for hire. A librarian told one Bearse researcher that Jacobus wrote so many books each year that he could not have done much research. In one instance he was hired by a town to compile the records they provided. Wealthy people paid to be in the book and provided the details. Of course, they were selective in what they included and omitted. The poor and non-prominent were not included.

Neither is there any record of his marriage to Mary Hyanno. In fact there is no record at all of his marriage. All we know is that he was married to a woman named Mary. Some have identified her as Mary Wilder, who traveled on the same ship as Augustine to the New World. A careful review of the records, however, shows that Mary Wilder was married to another man at the time Bearse and his Mary were having children of their own.

Mr. Jacobus' article remains the "gold standard" in the Bearse-Hyanno controversy. Mr. Jacobus was a stickler for using only written records as genealogical proof, but in this statement quoted above he went beyond the written record by calling upon circumstantial evidence (and hearsay at that!). In so doing he "opened the door", as the lawyers say, so as to permit us to rebut his case with circumstantial evidence of our own.

The possibility that Augusting was a gypsy of the Rom tribe and that he married an Indian woman cannot be so lightly dismissed. Those possibilities are supported by several pieces of circumstantial evidence.

The surname in the form "BeArce" is unusual for a British name; whether it is of Romany origin remains to be seen.

Augustine's acceptance into Plymouth society is not unexpected even if he were a Rom. In those days when it was not clear that the colony would survive, reliability as a productive member of the community was more important than circumstances of birth. The Pilgrims needed every hand they could find. Attitudes of racial and social superiority are attributes of a secure societies, not those in the survival mode. It is all too easy to project modern attitudes back onto earlier generations, but history tells us in Virginia, for example, that racial attitudes did not begin to form until 100 years after the settlement of Jamestown and that severe racial discrimination did not occur until over 200 years later.

The acceptance of Augustine's wife and children into Plymouth society is also not unexpected even if she were an Indian. In the earliest days of Plymouth, the settlers had good relations with the Indians as the story of Squanto and Thanksgiving testifies. Indians were seen as citizens of another nation (that's why the daughters of the chiefs were often referred to as "Princess") and not a savages to be exterminated . That came later with King Philip's War in the late 1600's. Intermarriage with people from other nations was an accepted political device in the Europe of the era. Marriage to an Indian would have provided access to food sources and would have promoted peace. One need only point to the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas, which was approved, and even encouraged, by the Crown, as evidence of this. Another factor that might have promoted acceptance of a Mary Hyanno into Plymouth society was that she was said to be light-skinned and red haired. Some believe that her tribe the Wampanoag were descendants of earlier Viking settlers. And if there was any prejudice against Indians, who better than a Rom to marry one and bring peace to the colony? It may have in fact been his ticket to respectability.

Augustine's settlement at the "frontier" area of Barnstable may point to an immigrant who started at the bottom of society and worked his way up. Throughout the history of North America, immigrants without resources settled on the frontier where land was cheap and where a live-and-let-live attitude prevailed. This is the pattern followed by the Scotch-Irish in the 18th Century.

Augustine's settlement at Barnstable on Cape Code placed him in the midst of the Wampanoag villages. Until recent times men usually married a local woman, and there were few English settlers in the area at the time. Even without prejudice against the Rom, Augustine's marriage prospects would have been primarily among the Indian women.

Augustine's seeming easy accession of large amounts of land Cape Code from the Wampanoag seems to indicate a special relationship with them. If he had married the granddaughter of a sachem, he would have been favored in that way.

Augustine's exemplary record as a citizen and unusual piety as a member of the church could have been part of a supreme effort by an outsider to fit into English society at Barnstable. One writer states that upon the birth of a child on a Saturday Augustine walked a long distance to have it baptized in church on Sunday when custom would have permitted him to wait until the next Sunday.

George F. Williams's in "Saints and Strangers" (page 408; Time Inc. edition, 1964) states that Mr. Lothop, the minister of the church that Augustine joined in Barstable, preached a very liberal doctrine and accepted anyone willing to profess faith in God and promise to keep the Ten Commandments.

The absence of a marriage record in a colony which kept very good marriage records might indicate a marriage outside the English system, and Bearse and Hyanno were supposedly married in an Indian ceremony at Barnstable.

The ratio of English men to women was large in the colony, though almost all men were said to be married. That leads one to wonder where the extra women came from if not from the Indians. Indian marriages were very common in Virginia as evidenced by the Pocahontas and John Rolfe union.

The Bearse-Hyanno story is a peculiar one for Franklin Bearse to have invented. After almost 300 years it would have been unusual for him even to have known the name Augustine Bearse unless he was a very serious genealogist. Further, as someone who had other more easily proven Indian ancestors, he did not have had to rely upon descendance from Mary Hyanno and Augustine Bearse to support his application. Why would he tell a 300 year old story when he could more easily relate stories about his parents or grandparents?

Indian heritage was usually hidden in shame by white Americans in later generations, and many Indians hid it in fear of the consequences.

There is accumulating evidence that the Mary Hyanno legend is extant in several branches of the Bearse family independent of the Franklin Ele-watum Bearse story. Following are only three of those.

A Bearse descendant on Cape Cod recently indicated that the Hyanno legend was in her branch of the family also. She also ran across it in another branch of the Bearse family with which she had had no previous contact. Unless they were genealogists who had read the Jacobus article, this appears to be independent confirmation of the legend. Similar stories have been collected from other Bearse descendants from Cape Cod.

"I have actually traced my Bearce connection from Briggs to Tinkham to Fish to Bearse through Joseph (1st)...and my Briggs of course -(who spoke proudly of their Indian heritage an Indian Princesses."

A Bearse descendant whose family emigrated to Australia some time in the mid-1800's stated, "In the family the story has been told over some years of a connection to the Indian race but until recently it was assumed that Indian was related to India, not North American Indian."

Jacobus tears the Franklin Bearse claim apart for containing seemingly provable inaccuracies. However, no legend is accurate in every detail, and they often contain grains of truth.

Connection to the Presidents Bush

Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush are descendants of Augustine Bearse as follows:

George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States m. Laura Welch

George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States m. Barbara Pierce

Sen. Prescott Sheldon Bush m. Dorothy Walker

George Herbert Walker m. Lucretia Wear

David Davis Walker m. Martha Adela Beaky

Joseph Ambrose Beaky m. Mary Ann Bangs

Elijah Keeler Bangs m. Esther Stackhouse

Lemuel Bangs m. Rebecca Keeler

Joseph Bangs m. Thankful Hamblen

Ebenezer Hamblen m. Thankful LKU

John Hamblin m. Sarah Bearse

Augustine Bearse m. Mary (Hyanno?)

My Bearse Line

M. Lee Murrah

Ina Gertrude Johnson m. Earvin Elroy Murrah

Florence Ophelia Largent and Franklin John Johnson

Malcom David Largent and Eliza Azalee Spears

Thomas Wayne Largent and Talitha Maria Freeman

David Barss Freeman and Talitha T. Thompson

James Freeman and Hannah Barss

David Barss and Rebecca Gammon

Benjamin Bearse II and Jane Collins

Benjamin Bearse I and Sarah Cobb

Joseph Bearse and Martha Taylor

Augustine BeArce and Mary (Hyanno?)

Other Bearse Internet Resources

Bearce Family Forum

Bearse Family Forum

Bearse Family Mailing List

Bearce Page

Bearse to Barss

Larry and Mildred (Bearce) Noahs' Genealogy

MaryARoots's Home Page 7 (Narragansett Indians)

Sources

Otis, Genealogical Notes of Barnstable Families.

Jacobus, Donald L., "Austin Bearse and His Alleged Indian Connections", The American Genealogist

Updates to Bearse Family Information

The above information is based on the best sources currently available to the author and is subject to correction. If you have information that is different or additional to that shown above, I would like to receive it. Please contact me by e-mail and mention this web page in your message.

MLM: 25 Jan 2000

Sources

¹	Curfman, Robert Joseph, "The Paddock Genealogy : Descendants of Robert Paddock of Plymouth Colony, Blacksmith and Constable 1646" (LC: CS71.P122 1977).

²	"Find A Grave" (findagrave.com). http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSvcid=54510&GRid=28165318&.

³	"The Frees". http://thefrees.com/history/node/48.

⁴	Newcomb, John Bearse, 1824-1897, "A Contribution to the Genealogy of the Bearse or Bearss Family in America 1618-1871".

⁵	"World Vital Records". www.worldvitalrecords.com.

⁶	"Ancestrees & the Genealogy Review". http://www.ancestrees.com/pedigree/903.htm.

⁷	"The Olive Tree Genealogy". http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/neng_confidence1638.shtml.