Hugh CAPET (941-996)

	Hugh Capet was the first of the Capatian Dynasty.

Name:	Hugh CAPET 1
Sex:	Male
Nickname:	"Hugh the Great" (Latin: Hugo Magnus)
Father:	Hugh MAGNUS (895?-956)
Mother:	Hedwig OF SAXONY (910?-965)

Individual Events and Attributes

Birth	0941	Paris, France
Title (1)	frm 0956 to 0996 (age 14-55)	Count of Paris
Occupation	frm 0987 to 0996 (age 45-55)	King of France
Title (2)		Count of Poitou
Title (3)		Count of Orleans
Group/Caste Membership		Capetian Dynasty
crowned	3 Jul 0987 (age 45-46)	Noyon
Death	24 Oct 0996 (age 54-55)	Les Juifs, Chartres
Burial		Saint Denis Basilica, Paris, France

Marriage

	Silver denier of Robert II, 1.22g. Monnaie de Paris.

Spouse	Adelaide (Alix) OF POITOU (945?-1006)
Children	Robert II OF FRANCE (972-1031)
	Hedwig OF FRANCE (969?-aft1013)
Marriage	0968 (age 26-27)

Individual Note 1

Hugh Capet[1] (c. 939 – 24 October 996), called in contemporary sources "Hugh the Great" (Latin: Hugo Magnus),[2] was the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the Carolingian Louis V in 987 until his death.

 

The son of Hugh the Great, Duke of France, and Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of the German king Henry the Fowler, Hugh was born in 939. His paternal family, the Robertians, were powerful landowners in the ฮle-de-France. His grandfather had been King Robert I and his grandmother Beatrice was a Carolingian, a daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois. This makes him the great-great-great-great-great grandson of Charlemagne through both of his parents, through Louis the Pious and Pepin of Italy. King Odo was his grand-uncle and King Rudolph the son-in-law of his grandfather, King Robert I. Hugh was born into a well-connected and powerful family with many ties to the reigning nobility of Europe.[3] But for all this, Hugh's father was never king. When Rudolph died in 936, Hugh the Great organised the return of Louis d'Outremer, son of Charles the Simple, from his exile at the court of Athelstan of England. Hugh's motives are unknown, but it is presumed that he acted to forestall Rudolph's brother and successor as Duke of Burgundy, Hugh the Black, from taking the French throne, or to prevent it from falling into the grasping hands of Herbert II of Vermandois or Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.[4]

 

In 956, Hugh inherited his father's estates and became one of the most powerful nobles in the much-reduced West Frankish kingdom. However, as he was not yet an adult, his uncle Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, acted as regent. Young Hugh's neighbours made the most of the opportunity. Theobald I of Blois, a former vassal of Hugh the Great, took the counties of Chartres and Chโteaudun. Further south, on the border of the kingdom, Fulk II of Anjou, another former client of Hugh the Great, carved out a principality at Hugh's expense and that of the Bretons.[5]

 

The realm in which Hugh grew up, and of which he would one day be king, bore no resemblance to modern France. Hugh's predecessors did not call themselves rois de France ("Kings of France"), and that title was not used until the time of his distant descendant Philip the Fair (died 1314). Kings ruled as rex Francorum ("King of the Franks") and the lands over which they ruled comprised only a very small part of the former Carolingian Empire. The eastern Frankish lands, the Holy Roman Empire, were ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, represented by Hugh's first cousin Otto II and then by Otto's son, Otto III. The lands south of the river Loire had largely ceased to be part of the West Frankish kingdom in the years after Charles the Simple was deposed in 922. The Duchy of Normandy and the Duchy of Burgundy were largely independent, and Brittany entirely so, although from 956 Burgundy was ruled by Hugh's brothers Odo and Henry.[6]

 

From 977 to 986, Hugh Capet allied himself with the German emperors Otto II and Otto III and with Archbishop Adalberon of Reims to dominate the Carolingian king, Lothair. By 986, he was king in all but name. After Lothair's son Louis died in May of 987, Adalberon and Gerbert of Aurillac convened an assembly of nobles to elect Hugh Capet as their king. In front of an electoral assembly at Senlis, Adalberon gave a stirring oration and pleaded to the nobles:

 

Crown the Duke. He is most illustrious by his exploits, his nobility, his forces. The throne is not acquired by hereditary right; no one should be raised to it unless distinguished not only for nobility of birth, but for the goodness of his soul.[7]

 

He was elected and crowned rex Francorum at Noyon in Picardy on 3 July 987, by the prelate of Reims, the first of the Capetian house. Immediately after his coronation, Hugh began to push for the coronation of his son Robert. Hugh's own claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated two kings should he die while on expedition.[8] Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility.[9] Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the pretension of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[10] Robert was eventually crowned on 25 December that same year.

 

Hugh Capet possessed minor properties near Chartres and Angers. Between Paris and Orl้ans he possessed towns and estates amounting to approximately 400 square miles (1,000 kmฒ). His authority ended there, and if he dared travel outside his small area, he risked being captured and held for ransom, though, as God's anointed, his life was largely safe. Indeed, there was a plot in 993, masterminded by Adalberon, Bishop of Laon and Odo I of Blois, to deliver Hugh Capet into the custody of Otto III. The plot failed, but the fact that no one was punished illustrates how tenuous his hold on power was. Beyond his power base, in the rest of France, there were still as many codes of law as there were fiefdoms. The "country" operated with 150 different forms of currency and at least a dozen languages.[citation needed] Uniting all this into one cohesive unit was a formidable task and a constant struggle between those who wore the crown of France and its feudal lords. As such, Hugh Capet's reign was marked by numerous power struggles with the vassals on the borders of the Seine and the Loire.

 

While Hugh Capet's military power was limited and he had to seek military aid from Richard I of Normandy, his unanimous election as king gave him great moral authority and influence. Ad้mar de Chabannes records, probably apocryphally, that during an argument with the Count of Auvergne, Hugh demanded of him: "Who made you count?" The count riposted: "Who made you king?".[11]

 

Dispute with the papacy

 

Hugh made Arnulf Archbishop of Reims in 988, even though Arnulf was the nephew of his bitter rival, Charles of Lorraine. Charles thereupon succeeded in capturing Reims and took the archbishop prisoner. Hugh, however, considered Arnulf a turncoat and demanded his deposition by Pope John XV. The turn of events outran the messages, when Hugh captured both Charles and Arnulf and convoked a synod at Reims in June 991, which obediently deposed Arnulf and chose as his successor Gerbert of Aurillac. These proceedings were repudiated by Rome, although a second synod had ratified the decrees issued at Reims. John XV summoned the French bishops to hold an independent synod outside the King's realm, at Aachen, to reconsider the case. When they refused, he called them to Rome, but they protested that the unsettled conditions en route and in Rome made that impossible. The Pope then sent a legate with instructions to call a council of French and German bishops at Mousson, where only the German bishops appeared, the French being stopped on the way by Hugh and Robert.

 

Through the exertions of the legate, the deposition of Arnulf was finally pronounced illegal. After Hugh's death, Arnulf was released from his imprisonment and soon restored to all his dignities.

 

Legacy

 

Hugh Capet died on 24 October 996 in Paris and was interred in the Saint Denis Basilica. His son Robert continued to reign.

 

Most historians regard the beginnings of modern France with the coronation of Hugh Capet. This is because, as Count of Paris, he made the city his power centre. The monarch began a long process of exerting control of the rest of the country from there.

 

He is regarded as the founder of the Capetian dynasty. The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by cadet branches of the dynasty. All French kings through Louis Philippe, and all royal pretenders since then, have belonged to the dynasty.

 

Marriage and issue

 

Hugh Capet married Adelaide, daughter of William Towhead, Count of Poitou. Their children are as follows:

 

Robert II, who became king after the death of his father

Hedwig, or Hathui, who married Reginar IV, Count of Hainaut

Gisela, or Gisele

A number of other daughters are less reliably attested.[12]

 

NOTES:

1 Capet is a byname of uncertain meaning distinguishing him from his father Hugh the Great. Folk etymology connects it with "cape", other suggested etymologies derive it from terms for chief, mocker or big head. His father's byname is presumed to have been retrospective, meaning Hugh the Elder, this Hugh being Hugh the Younger, Capet being a 12th century addition; James, p. 183.

2 Jonathan Jarrett, “Sales, Swindles and Sanctions: Bishop Salทla of Urgell and the Counts of Catalonia”, International Medieval Congress, Leeds, 11 July 2005, published in the Appendix, Pathways of Power in late-Carolingian Catalonia, PhD dissertation, Birkbeck College (2006), 300.

3 For a fuller explanation of the descent and relationships of Hugh, see the genealogical tables in Rich้, Les Carolingiens, pp. 399 ff.

4 James, pp 183–184; Theis, pp 65–66.

5 Theis, pp. 69–70.

6 James, pp. iii, 182–183; Gauvard, pp. 163–168; Rich้, pp. 285 ff.

7 Harriet Harvey Wood, The Battle of Hastings: The Fall of Anglo-Saxon England, Atlantic, 2008, p. 46

8 Lewis, 908.

9 Lewis, 914.

10 Lewis, passim.

11 Bordenove, pp. 265–266

12 Thus Gauvard, p. 531.

 

SOURCES:

Bordenove, Georges. Les Rois qui ont fait la France: Hugues Capet, le Fondateur. Paris: Marabout, 1986. ISBN 2-501-01099-X

Gauvard, Claude. La France au Moyen ยge du Ve au XVe si่cle. Paris: PUF, 1996. 2-13-054205-0

James, Edward. The Origins of France: From Clovis to the Capetians 500–1000. London: Macmillan, 1982. ISBN 0312588623

Rich้, Pierre. Les Carolingiens: Une famille qui fit l'Europe. Paris: Hachette, 1983. 2-012-78551-0

Theis, Laurent. Histoire du Moyen ยge fran็ais: Chronologie comment้e 486–1453. Paris: Perrin, 1992. 2-87027-587-0

Lewis, Anthony W. "Anticipatory Association of the Heir in Early Capetian France." The American Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 4. (Oct., 1978), pp 906–927.²

Individual Note 2

He was the first of the Capetian Kings of France. The Capetian dynasty is the largest and oldest European royal house, consisting of the descendants of Hugh Capet of France in the male line and of the Merovingian dynasty and the Carolingian dynasty in the female line. In contemporary times, both King Juan Carlos of Spain and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

 

 

The name of the dynasty derives from its founder, Hugh, who was known as "Hugh Capet". The meaning of "Capet" (a nickname rather than a surname of the modern sort) is unknown. While folk etymology identifies it with "cape", other suggestions suggest it to be connected to the Latin word caput ("head"), and thus explain it as meaning "chief" or "big head".

 

Historians came to apply the name "Capetian" to both the ruling house of France and to the wider-spread male-line descendants of Hugh Capet. It was not a contemporary practice. The name "Capet" has also been used as a surname for French royals, particularly but not exclusively those of the House of Capet. One notable use was during the French Revolution, when the dethroned King Louis XVI (a member of the House of Bourbon, though a direct male-line descendant of Hugh Capet) and Queen Marie Antoinette (a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine) were referred to as "Louis and Antoinette Capet" (the queen being addressed as "the Widow Capet" after the execution of her husband).

 

The dynastic surname now used to describe Hugh Capet's family prior to his election as King of France is "Robertians" or "Robertines." The name is derived from the family's first certain ancestor, Robert the Strong (b. 820), the count of Paris. Robert was probably son of Robert III of Worms (b. 800) and grandson of Robert of Hesbaye (b. 770). The Robertians probably originated in the county Hesbaye, around Tongeren in modern-day Belgium.

 

The sons of Robert the Strong were Odo and Robert, who both ruled as king of Western Francia. The family became Counts of Paris under Odo and Dukes of the Franks under Robert, possessing large parts of Neustria.

 

The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V. After the death of Louis V, the son of Hugh the Great, Hugh Capet, was elected by the nobility as king of France. Hugh was crowned at Noyon on 3 July 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named the Capetians, with the Capetian dynasty ruling France for more than 800 years (987–1848, with some interruptions[1]).

 

Robertian Family Branches

 

Rodbert

Ingerman of Hesbaye

Ermengarde of Hesbaye, wife of Louis the Pious

Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey

Heimrich (-795), count in the Lahngau

Poppo of Grapfeld (-839/41), ancestor of the Frankish House of Babenberg

Landrada

Saint Chrodogang, Archbishop of Metz, Abbot of the Lorsch Abbey

Robert of Hesbaye

Robert III of Worms

Robert the Strong

Odo, king of Western Francia

Richildis, married to a count of Troyes

Robert, king of Western Francia

Emma, married Rudolph of Burgundy

Adela, married Herbert II, Count of Vermandois

Hugh the Great

Hugh Capet, founder House of Capet

Hadwig, married Reginar IV, Count of Mons

Robert II

Otto-Henry

Odo

Beatrix, married Frederick of Bar

Emma, married Richard I of Normandy

Herbert, bishop of Auxerre

 

Over the succeeding centuries, Capetians spread throughout Europe, ruling every form of provincial unit from kingdoms to manors.

 

Salic Law, reestablished during the Hundred Years' War from an ancient Frankish tradition, caused the French monarchy to permit only male (agnatic) descendants of Hugh to succeed to the throne of France.

 

Without Salic Law, upon the death of John I, the crown would have passed to his half-sister, Joan (later Joan II of Navarre). However, Joan's paternity was suspect due to her mother's adultery; the French magnates adopted Salic Law to avoid the succession of a possible bastard.

 

In 1328, King Charles IV of France died without male heirs, as his brothers did before him. At that time, the only living male heir of King Philip IV of France was King Edward III of England, son of Isabella of France, Philip's daughter. The French lords were opposed to the succession of an English monarch, and produced an addition to the Salic Law whereby a male heir cannot succeed to the throne through a female line.

 

Thus instead of the above succession, the French crown passed from the House of Capet after the death of Charles IV to Philip VI of France of the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty,

 

then to Louis XII of Valois-Orl้ans, a cadet line of the Valois,

then to Francis of Angoul่me (who became Francis I), belonging to a cadet line of the Valois-Orl้ans,

then to Henry of Navarre (who became Henry IV of France), from the House of Bourbon, a cadet line of the Capetian Dynasty.

This did not affect monarchies not under that law such as Portugal, Spain, Navarre, and various smaller duchies and counties. Therefore, many royal families appear and disappear in the French succession or become cadet branches upon marriage. A complete list of the senior-most line of Capetians is available below.

 

The Capetian Dynasty has been broken many times into (sometimes rival) cadet branches. A cadet branch is a line of descent from another line than the senior-most. This list of cadet branches shows most of the Capetian cadet lines, although some sub-branches are not shown:

 

House of Burgundy (1032–1361)

Afonsine House of Burgundy (1109–1383)

House of Aviz (1385–1580) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

House of Braganza (1442–present) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

House of Vermandois (1085–1212)

House of Dreux (1137–1345)

Dukes of Brittany (1213–1341)

Montfort (1322–1488)

House of Courtenay (1150–1727)

House of Courtenay – Latin Emperors of Constantinople (1217–1283)

House of Artois (1237–1472)

Elder House of Anjou (initially ruling house of Sicily, then of Naples, became ruling house of Hungary) (1247–1382)

Elder House of Anjou – Naples branch (1309–1343)

Elder House of Anjou – Taranto branch (1294–1374)

Elder House of Anjou – Durazzo branch (1309–1414)

House of Bourbon (1268–1503)

House of Bourbon – La Marche branch (became Vend๔me branch) (1356–1836)

House of Bourbon – Preaux branch (1385–1429)

House of Bourbon – La Carency branch (1393–1515)

House of Bourbon-Montpensier (1477–1608)

House of Bourbon – Cond้ branch (1557–1830)

House of Bourbon – Conti branch (1629–1814)

House of Bourbon – Soissons branch (1569–1641)

House of Bourbon – Anjou or Spanish branch (1700–present)

House of Bourbon-Parma (1748–present)

Parma-Luxembourg, called House of Nassau-Weilburg (1919–present)

House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1751–present)

House of Bourbon-Braganza (1752–1979), also called Borbon y Braganza or Branch of the Infant Gabriel

House of Bourbon – Molina or Carlist branch (1819–1936)

House of Bourbon – de Paula branch (1819–present) (became Anjou branch in 1933)

House of Bourbon – Barcelona branch (1933–)

House of Bourbon – Artois branch (1775–1883)

House of Bourbon-Orl้ans (1661-)

Orl้ans-Nemours, then (1891) House of Orl้ans-Braganza (1814–present)

Orl้ans-Alen็on (1844–1970)

Orl้ans-Aumale (1822–1872)

Orl้ans-Montpensier, then Orl้ans-Galliera (1824–present)

House of Bourbon – Montpensier branch (1443–1527)

House of Valois (1293–1498)

House of Valois – Alen็on branch (1325–1525)

Younger House of Anjou (1356–1481)

House of Valois-Burgundy (1364–1477)

House of Valois-Burgundy – Brabantine branch (1404–1430)

House of Valois-Burgundy – Nevers branch (1404–1491)

House of Valois – Orl้ans branch (1392–1515)

House of Valois – Orl้ans-Angoul๊me branch (1407–1589)

House of ษvreux (1303–1400)

House of ษvreux – Navarre branch (1328–1425)

[edit] Capetians and their domains3 Latin Emperors (1216–1217, 1219–1261)

Peter (1216–1217)

Robert (1219–1228)

Baldwin II (1228–1261)

38 Kings of France (888–898, 922–923, 987–1792, 1814–1815, 1815–1848)

Odo (888–898)

Robert I (922–923)

Hugh Capet (987–996)

Robert II (996–1031)

Henry I (1031–1060)

Philip I (1060–1108)

Louis VI (1108–1137)

Louis VII (1137–1180)

Philip II (1180–1223)

Louis VIII (1223–1226)

Louis IX (1226–1270)

Philip III (1271–1285)

Philip IV (1285–1314)

Louis X (1314–1316)

John I (1316)

Philip V (1316–1322)

Charles IV (1322–1328)

Philip VI (1328–1350)

John II (1350–1364)

Charles V (1364–1380)

Charles VI (1380–1422)

Charles VII (1422–1461)

Louis XI (1461–1483)

Charles VIII (1483–1498)

Louis XII (1498–1515)

Francis I (1515–1547)

Henry II (1547–1559)

Francis II (1559–1560)

Charles IX (1560–1574)

Henry III (1574–1589)

Henry IV (1589–1610)

Louis XIII (1610–1643)

Louis XIV (1643–1715)

Louis XV (1715–1774)

Louis XVI (1774–1792)

Louis XVIII (1814–1824)

Charles X (1824–1830)

Louis XIX (1830)

Henry V (1830)

Louis-Philip (1830–1848)

9 Kings of Portugal (legitimate agnatic line, 1139–1383)

Alphonse I (1139–1185)

Sancho I (1185–1211)

Alphonse II (1211–1223)

Sancho II (1223–1247)

Alphonse III (1247–1279)

Denis (1279–1325)

Alphonse IV (1325–1357)

Peter I (1357–1367)

Ferdinand I (1367–1383)

11 Kings and Queens of Naples (1266–1442, 1700–1707, 1735–1806)

Charles I (1266–1285)

Charles II (1285–1309)

Robert (1309–1343)

Joanna I (1343–1382)

Charles III (1382–1386)

Ladislas (1386–1414)

Joanna II (1414–1435)

Ren้ I (1435–1442)

Philip (1700–1707)

Charles VII (1735–1759)

Ferdinand IV (1759–1806)

4 Kings of Sicily (1266–1282, 1700–1713, 1735–1815)

Charles I (1266–1285)

Philip (1700–1713)

Charles VII (1735–1759)

Ferdinand III (1759–1815)

4 Kings of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860)

Ferdinand I (1815–1825)

Francis I (1825–1830)

Ferdinand II (1830–1859)

Francis II (1859–1860)

12 Kings and Queens of Navarre (1305–1441, 1572–1792)

Louis I (1305–1316)

Philip II (1316–1322)

Charles I (1322–1328)

Joanna II (1328–1349)

Charles II (1349–1387)

Charles III (1387–1425)

Blanche I (1425–1441)

Henry III (1572–1610)

Louis II (1610–1643)

Louis III (1643–1715)

Louis IV (1715–1774)

Louis V (1774–1792)

3 Kings and Queen of Poland (1370–1399, 1573–1574)

Louis (1370–1382)

Hedwig (1384–1399)

Henry (1573–1574)

10 Kings and Queen of Spain (1700–1808, 1813–1868, 1874–1931, 1975 – present)

Philip V (1700–1724, 1724–1746)

Louis (1724)

Ferdinand VI (1746–1759)

Charles III (1759–1788)

Charles IV (1788–1808, 1808)

Ferdinand VII (1808)

Ferdinand VII (1813–1833)

Isabella II (1833–1868)

Alphonse XII (1874–1885)

Alphonse XIII (1886–1931)

Juan Carlos (1975 – present)

2 Kings of Etruria (1801–1807)

Louis (1801–1803)

Charles Louis (1803–1807)

4 Kings and Queen of Hungary (1310–1386)

Charles I (1310–1342)

Louis I (1342–1382)

Mary (1382–1385, 1386–1395)

Charles II (1385–1386)

9 Prince and Princesses of Achaea (1278–1289, 1313–1322, 1333–1381, 1383–1386)

Charles I (1278–1285)

Charles II (1285–1289)

Louis (1313–1316)

Robert (1318–1322)

Robert (1333–1364)

Catherine (1333–1346)

Philip (1364–1373)

Joanna I (1373–1381)

Charles III (1383–1386)

2 Grand Dukes of Luxembourg (1964 – present)

Jean (1964–2000)

Henri (2000 – present)

21 Dukes and Duchess of Burgundy (956–1002, 1026–1361, 1363–1482)

Otto of Paris (956–965)

Odo-Henry (965–1002)

Henry I (1026–1032)

Robert I (1032–1076)

Hugh I (1076–1079)

Odo I (1079–1103)

Hugh II (1103–1143)

Odo II (1143–1162)

Hugh III (1162–1192)

Odo III (1192–1218)

Hugh IV (1218–1272)

Robert II (1272–1306)

Hugh V (1306–1315)

Odo IV (1315–1349)

Philip I (1349–1361)

John I, also John II of France (1361–1363)

Philip II (1363–1404)

John II (1404–1419)

Philip III (1419–1467)

Charles the Bold (1467–1477)

Mary (1477–1482)

15 Dukes and Duchess of Brittany (1212–1345, 1364–1532)

Peter I (1213–1237)

John I (1237–1286)

John II (1286–1305)

Arthur II (1305–1316)

John III (1312–1341)

John IV (1341–1345)

John V (1364–1399)

John VI (1399–1442)

Francis I (1442–1450)

Peter II (1450–1457)

Arthur III (1457–1458)

Francis II (1458–1488)

Anne (1488–1514)

Claude (1514–1524)

Francis IV (1524–1532)

6 Dukes and Duchess of Hainaut (1253–1256, 1417–1482, 1700–1713)

6 Dukes and Duchess of Brabant (1405–1482)

Anthony (1406–1415)

John IV (1415–1427)

Philip I (1427–1430)

Philip II (1430–1467)

Charles (1467–1477)

Mary (1477–1482)

6 Dukes and Duchess of Luxembourg (1412–1415, 1419–1482, 1700–1713)

3 Dukes of Lorraine (1431–1473)

Ren้ I (1431–1453)

John II (1453–1470)

Nicholas I (1470–1473)

1 Duchess of Guelders (1477–1482)

1 Duchess of Limburg (1477–1482)

1 Duke of Milan (1700–1713)

7 Dukes and Duchess of Parma (1731–1735, 1748–1802, 1814–1859)

2 Duchess and Duke of Lucca (1817–1847)

7 Margraves and Marchionesses of Namur (1217–1237, 1429–1482, 1700–1713)

9 Counts and Countesses of Provence (1245–1481)

1 Count of Portugal (1093–1112)

Henry (1093–1112)

8 Counts and Countesses of Burgundy (Franche-Comt้) (1329–1382, 1383–1482)

6 Counts and Countesses of Flanders (1383–1482, 1700–1713)

3 Counts and Countesses of Holland (1433–1482)

3 Counts and Countesses of Zeeland (1433–1482)

 

Illegitimate Descent

20 Monarchs of Portugal

John I, The Good or The One of Happy Memory 1385 - 1433

Edward, The Philosopher or The Eloquent 1433 - 1438

Afonso V, The African 1438 - 1481

John II, The Perfect Prince 1481 - 1495

Manuel I, The Fortunate 1495 - 1521

John III, the Pious 1521 - 1557

Sebastian, the Desired 1557 - 1578

Henry, The Chaste 1578 - 1580

Anthony, Prior of Crato 1580 (disputed)

Joใo IV (1640–1656)

Afonso VI (1656–1683)

Pedro II (1683–1706)

Joใo V (1706–1750)

Jos้ I (1750–1777)

Pedro III (1777–1786)

Maria I (1777–1816)

Joใo VI (1816–1826)

Pedro IV (1826)

Miguel I (1828–1834)

Maria II (1826–1853)

8 Dukes of Braganza

Afonso, 8th Count of Barcelos, 1st Duke of Braganza (1442).

Ferdinand I, 2nd Duke of Braganza.

Ferdinand II, 3rd Duke of Braganza and 1st Duke of Guimarใes (1475).

James (Jaime), 4th Duke of Braganza and 2nd Duke of Guimarใes.

Teodosius I, 5th Duke of Braganza and 3rd Duke of Guimarใes.

John I, 6th Duke of Braganza and 1st Duke of Barcelos (1562).

Teodosius II, 7th Duke of Braganza and 2nd Duke of Barcelos

John II, 8th Duke of Braganza and 3rd Duke of Barcelos.

Sources

1

Weis, Frederick Lewis & Sheppard, Walter Lee, Jr, "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and other Historical Individuals". p 105, 101-20; 108, 106-20; 109, 107-20; 141, 144A-20.

2	"Wikipedia". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Capet.