He was born in 1820/21 (2 (40 in 1861)).
He enlisted and was mustered into service, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 25 November 1861 (1, 3). He was mustered in, as a private in company I (1, 3, 4).
He was discharged on 19 January 1863 on surgeon's certificate of disability (1, 2 [Feb], 3). He was a private, in company I (4).
1 Bates, Samuel Penniman. History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5. Harrisburg: B. Singerly, state printer, 1869-71. 5 volumes. 'Ninety-first regiment', volume 3, pages 186-233. (In the roster)
2 consolidated morning report, 12 February 1863 (Private Smith)
3 Civil War Veterans' Card File, available at the Pennsylvania State Archives, searched 30 March 2005 (Matthew Smith)
4 index to compiled service records of volunteer Union soldiers who served in organizations from the state of Pennsylvania (Matthew Smith)