319369724. John I Count of Ponthieu
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 109-27.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, line 109-27.
319369725. Beatrice Candavaine de St. Pol Countess of Ponthieu
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 109-27.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, line 169A-28.
319369727. Adele de Champagne Queen of France
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), 137-25.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 137-25.
319370240. Sir Robert le Blount 1st Lord Ixworth
1Carl Boyer 3d, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans (Santa Clarita, CA 2000), 32 (le Blount).
319371072. Dom Mem Guedas, o Velho
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Nat, Larry and Todd,
"From: Manoel Cesar Furtado ([email protected])
Subject: Re: de Ayala and de Vasto connections?
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-04-30 11:52:36 PST
I have here the Livro de Linhagens of Count D. Pedro, a facsimile from
the1640 edition.
In "Título XXX", Guedãos, Bastos, Barrosos...Toledo..etc.:
D. Gueda, o Velho = N.;
\
D. Mem Guedas, o Velho= D. Sancha;
\
D. Gomes Mendes Guedão = D. Chamoa Mendes de Sousa, d. of D. Mem Veegas de
Sousa and D. Elvira Fernandes de Toledo;
\
D. Egas Gomes Barroso = D. Urraca Vasques de Ambia, d. of Dom Vasco Guedelha
de Ambia;
\
Gomes Veegas de Basto = Mor Rodrigues de Gandarey
\
Rui Gomes de Basto, Payo Gomes, Mem Gomes, D. Pedro Gomes Barroso, etc.
....... The title XXX has 13 pages and I can send a copy of them if you want it. Um abraço,
Manoel César Furtado."
319371073. Sancha
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Nat, Larry and Todd,
"From: Manoel Cesar Furtado ([email protected])
Subject: Re: de Ayala and de Vasto connections?
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-04-30 11:52:36 PST
I have here the Livro de Linhagens of Count D. Pedro, a facsimile from
the1640 edition.
In "Título XXX", Guedãos, Bastos, Barrosos...Toledo..etc.:
D. Gueda, o Velho = N.;
\
D. Mem Guedas, o Velho= D. Sancha;
\
D. Gomes Mendes Guedão = D. Chamoa Mendes de Sousa, d. of D. Mem Veegas de
Sousa and D. Elvira Fernandes de Toledo;
\
D. Egas Gomes Barroso = D. Urraca Vasques de Ambia, d. of Dom Vasco Guedelha
de Ambia;
\
Gomes Veegas de Basto = Mor Rodrigues de Gandarey
\
Rui Gomes de Basto, Payo Gomes, Mem Gomes, D. Pedro Gomes Barroso, etc.
....... The title XXX has 13 pages and I can send a copy of them if you want it. Um abraço,
Manoel César Furtado."
319371074. Dom Mem Veegas de Sousa
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Nat, Larry and Todd,
"From: Manoel Cesar Furtado ([email protected])
Subject: Re: de Ayala and de Vasto connections?
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-04-30 11:52:36 PST
I have here the Livro de Linhagens of Count D. Pedro, a facsimile from
the1640 edition.
In "Título XXX", Guedãos, Bastos, Barrosos...Toledo..etc.:
D. Gueda, o Velho = N.;
\
D. Mem Guedas, o Velho= D. Sancha;
\
D. Gomes Mendes Guedão = D. Chamoa Mendes de Sousa, d. of D. Mem Veegas de
Sousa and D. Elvira Fernandes de Toledo;
\
D. Egas Gomes Barroso = D. Urraca Vasques de Ambia, d. of Dom Vasco Guedelha
de Ambia;
\
Gomes Veegas de Basto = Mor Rodrigues de Gandarey
\
Rui Gomes de Basto, Payo Gomes, Mem Gomes, D. Pedro Gomes Barroso, etc.
....... The title XXX has 13 pages and I can send a copy of them if you want it. Um abraço,
Manoel César Furtado."
319371088. Mendo Pais 'Roufino or Bofinho"
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Following Chico's request, here is the line from Pero Gomes Barroso to
"Nathaniel Taylor ([email protected])
Subject: Re: abunazar to ayala to england
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-07-31 09:26:33 PST
Sancha de Ayala: [Generations 1-10 summarize Chico's post of last night to the listserver] 1. Abunazar Lovesendes (att. 978) = Unisco Godins. Following the
theory propounded by Chico, he may be of Muslim (Ummayad?) ancestry. 2. [Fromarico] 'Cide' Abunazar = NN 3. Toderedo Fromariques 'Cid' or Trutesendo Abunazar (att. 1040 / 1070)
= Faregia Forjaz, d. of Froia [Froila, Fruela] Osoredes (she att. 1069) 4. Ausenda [Adosinda] Todereis (att. 1092) = Nuno Soares 'Velho', of
the Baião family. 5. Gontinha (att. 1108) = Paio Godins 'de Azevedo' (br. of Baião
family). 6. Mendo Pais 'Roufino / Bofinho' (att. 1117, 1121) = Sancha Pais (d. of
Paio Curvo or __ de Toronho). 7. Hermígio (Ermildo) Mendes 'de Azevedo' (att. 1121) = Elvira Viegas
(dau. of an Egas Moniz?) 8. Pedro Hermiges de Azevedo (apparently = Velasquita Rodrigues, d. of
Count Rodrigo Forjaz de Trastâmara, but not necessarily mother of:). 9. Fernão Pires de Azevedo = ?? 10. Châmoa Fernandes de Azevedo = Pero Gomes Barroso, the troubadour,
attested in the repartimiento of Seville (1248); held land in Toledo
extant corpus of 12 poems in the Galician-Portuguese tradition. 11. Fernán Pérez Barroso (called lord of Parla in one source; said by
Fernan Perez de Ayala, no. 13, to have 'received all the inheritance of
Azevedo'); courtier of kings Sancho IV & Fernando IV) = Mencia García
de Sotomayor, dau. of Garci Melendez de Sotomayor & Ines 'la gorda' (de
Saavedra). 12. Sancha Fernández Barroso (sister of Cardinal Pero Gomes Barroso) =
Pero López de Ayala II (d. soon after Feb 1331), adelantado mayor del
reino de Murcia, lord of the city of Cartagena, retainer and household
official of D. Juan Manuel (cousin of the king, intriguer and writer). 13. Fernán Peréz de Ayala (b. Toledo, 1305; became lord of Ayala, 1332;
d. 15 October 1385 at Vitoria or Quejana; bd. Quejana), adelantado major
del reino de Murcia, etc., merino mayor of Asturias; d. as Dominican
friar at Vitoria; = Elvira Alvarez de Ceballos (d. 3 Aug 1372; bd. at
Quejana), sister and heiress of Díaz Gutiérrez, master of the Order of
Alcantara, who was killed by order of King Pedro I in 136. Children
include: [14. Pero López de Ayala III (1332-1407), diplomat, grand chancellor of
Castile, and one of the three leading Castilian writers of his century;
= Leonor de Guzmán, with many descendants, beginning with the condes de
Fuensalida. And also his eldest sister:] 14. Inés de Ayala (eldest of 8 daughters; b. say 1330; will 1403 and
prob. d. soon after) = Diego Gómez, lord of Casarrubios del Monte
(Toledo); kt. of the Orden de la Banda; notario mayor del reino de
Toledo (1351), alcalde major de Toledo (1360s, successively for rivals
Pedro I & Enrique II), d. betw. 1373 and 29 Mar 1375. His palace in
Toledo survives as the Dominican convent of Santa Isabel. Children
include: [15. Pedro Suárez (III) de Toledo, d. at battle of Aljubarrota 13 August
1385 (his sculpted armorial tomb, probably from Santa Isabel at Toledo,
is at the Museu Fredric Marès in Barcelona) = Juana de Orozco; from whom
descends Fernán II & V, King of Spain, etc. And also his eldest sister:] 15. Sancha de Ayala (eldest of 5 daughters, b. say 1350); went to
England in 1371 in the train of Constance of Castile, wife of John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster & pretender to Castile; married by 1373; d.
testate in 1418 = Sir Walter Blount (1348-1403), retainer and trusted
official of John of Gaunt (and later of Henry Bolingbroke, King Henry
IV); participant in French and Spanish campaigns; several times on
diplomatic missions in Castile, Aragon & Portugal; killed at Battle of
Shrewsbury (see CP 9:333, s.n. 'Mountjoy'). [snip] Nat Taylor."
319371089. Sancha Pais
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Following Chico's request, here is the line from Pero Gomes Barroso to
"Nathaniel Taylor ([email protected])
Subject: Re: abunazar to ayala to england
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2002-07-31 09:26:33 PST
Sancha de Ayala: [snip] 6. Mendo Pais 'Roufino / Bofinho' (att. 1117, 1121) = Sancha Pais (d. of
Paio Curvo or __ de Toronho). [snip] Nat Taylor."
319371232. Gonzalo Osorio
1Nathaniel Taylor & Todd Farmerie, Notes on the Ancestry of Sancha de Ayala, 152 NEHGR 36 (January, 1998), page 41.
319371322. Ralph fitz Hubert
1K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday Descendants (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2002), 43.
319371326. Arnulf de Hesdin
1Cokayne, Complete Peerage (Sutton Publishing, 2000 ed.), V:375 (Salisbury).
319371329. Beatrice de Montfort Countess of Anjou
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 118-23.
2Carl Boyer 3d, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans (Santa Clarita, CA 2000), 159.
319371330. Hélie de Baugency Count of Maine
1David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry of 17th Century Colonists (English Ancestry Series, Volume 1, 2nd Ed., New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1999), 277.
319371332. William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy, King of England
1Official Website of the British Monarchy, http://www.royal.gov.uk/index.htm, http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/william1.htm.
Born around 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert I of Normandy, and Herleve (also known as Arlette), daughter of a tanner in Falaise. Known as 'William the Bastard' to his contemporaries, his illegitimacy shaped his career when he was young. On his father's death in 1035, William was recognised by his family as the heir - an exception to the general rule that illegitimacy barred succession. His great uncle looked after the Duchy during William's minority, and his overlord King Henry I of France, knighted him at the age of 15.
"William I
From 1047 onwards, William successfully dealt with rebellion inside Normandy involving his kinsmen and threats from neighbouring nobles, including attempted invasions by his former ally King Henry I of France in 1054 (the French forces were defeated at the Battle of Mortemer) and 1057. William's military successes and reputation helped him to negotiate his marriage to Mathilda, daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders. At the time of his invasion of England, William was a very experienced and ruthless military commander, ruler and administrator who had unified Normandy and inspired fear and respect outside his duchy. William's claim to the English throne was based on his assertion that, in 1051, Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne (he was a distant cousin) and that Harold II - having sworn in 1064 to uphold William's right to succeed to that throne - was therefore a usurper. Furthermore, William had the support of Emperor Henry IV and papal approval. William took seven months to prepare his invasion force, using some 600 transport ships to carry around 7,000 men (including 2,000-3,000 cavalry) across the Channel. On 28 September 1066, with a favourable wind, William landed unopposed at Pevensey and, within a few days, raised fortifications at Hastings. Having defeated an earlier invasion by the King of Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge near York in late September, Harold undertook a forced march south covering 250 miles in some nine days to meet the new threat, gathering inexperienced reinforcements to replenish his exhausted veterans as he marched. At the Battle of Senlac (near Hastings) on 14 October, Harold's weary and under-strength army faced William's cavalry (part of the forces brought across the Channel) supported by archers. Despite their exhaustion, Harold's troops were equal in number (they included the best infantry in Europe equipped with their terrible two-handled battle axes) and they had the battlefield advantage of being based on a ridge above the Norman positions. The first uphill assaults by the Normans failed and a rumour spread that William had been killed; William rode among the ranks raising his helmet to show he was still alive. The battle was close-fought: a chronicler described the Norman counter-attacks and the Saxon defence as 'one side attacking with all mobility, the other withstanding as though rooted to the soil'. Three of William's horses were killed under him. William skilfully co-ordinated his archers and cavalry, both of which the English forces lacked. During a Norman assault, Harold was killed - hit by an arrow and then mowed down by the sword of a mounted knight. Two of his brothers were also killed. The demoralised English forces fled. (In 1070, as penance, William had an abbey built on the site of the battle, with the high altar occupying the spot where Harold fell. The ruins of Battle Abbey, and the town of Battle, which grew up around it, remain.) William was crowned on Christmas Day 1066 in Westminster Abbey. Three months later, he was confident enough to return to Normandy leaving two joint regents (one of whom was his half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, who was later to commission the Bayeux Tapestry) behind to administer the kingdom. However, it took William six years to consolidate his conquest, and even then he had to face constant plotting and fighting on both sides of the Channel. In 1068, Harold's sons raided the south-west coast of England (dealt with by William's local commanders); there were uprisings in the Welsh Marches, Devon and Cornwall. William appointed earls who, in Wales and in all parts of the kingdom, undertook to guard the threatened frontiers and maintain internal security in return for land. In 1069, the Danes, in alliance with Prince Edgar the Aetheling (Ethelred's great grandson) and other English nobles, invaded the north and took York. Taking personal charge, and pausing only to deal with the rising at Stafford, William drove the Danes back to their ships on the Humber. In a harsh campaign lasting into 1070, William systematically devastated Mercia and Northumbria to deprive the Danes of their supplies and prevent recovery of English resistance. Churches and monasteries were burnt, and agricultural land was laid to waste, creating a famine for the unarmed and mostly peasant population which lasted at least nine years. Although the Danes were bribed to leave the north, King Sweyn of Denmark and his ships threatened the east coast (in alliance with various English, including Hereward the Wake) until a treaty of peace was concluded in June 1070. Further north, where the boundary with Scotland was unclear, King Malcolm III was encroaching into England. Yet again, William moved swiftly and moved land and sea forces north to invade Scotland. The Treaty of Abernethy in 1072 marked a truce, which was reinforced by Malcolm's eldest son being accepted as a hostage. William consolidated his conquest by starting a castle-building campaign in strategic areas. Originally these castles were wooden towers on earthen 'mottes' (mounds) with a bailey (defensive area) surrounded by earth ramparts, but many were later rebuilt in stone. By the end of William's reign over 80 castles had been built throughout his kingdom, as a permanent reminder of the new Norman feudal order. William's wholesale confiscation of land from English nobles and their heirs (many nobles had died at the battles of Stamford Bridge and Senlac) enabled him to recruit and retain an army, by demanding military duties in exchange for land tenancy granted to Norman, French and Flemish allies. He created up to 180 'honours' (lands scattered through shires, with a castle as the governing centre), and in return had some 5,000 knights at his disposal to repress rebellions and pursue campaigns; the knights were augmented by mercenaries and English infantry from the Anglo-Saxon militia, raised from local levies. William also used the fyrd, the royal army - a military arrangement which had survived the Conquest. The King's tenants-in-chief in turn created knights under obligation to them and for royal duties (this was called subinfeudation), with the result that private armies centred around private castles were created - these were to cause future problems of anarchy for unfortunate or weak kings. By the end of William's reign, a small group of the King's tenants had acquired about half of England's landed wealth. Only two Englishmen still held large estates directly from the King. A foreign aristocracy had been imposed as the new governing class. The expenses of numerous campaigns, together with an economic slump (caused by the shifts in landed wealth, and the devastation of northern England for military and political reasons), prompted William to order a full-scale investigation into the actual and potential wealth of the kingdom to maximise tax revenues. The Domesday survey was prompted by ignorance of the state of land holding in England, as well as the result of the costs of defence measures in England and renewed war in France. The scope, speed, efficiency and completion of this survey was remarkable for its time and resulted in the two-volumed Domesday Book of 1086, which still exists today. William needed to ensure the direct loyalty of his feudal tenants. The 1086 Oath of Salisbury was a gathering of William's 170 tenants-in-chief and other important landowners who took an oath of fealty to William. William's reach extended elsewhere into the Church and the legal system. French superseded the vernacular (Anglo-Saxon). Personally devout, William used his bishops to carry out administrative duties. Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1070, was a first-class administrator who assisted in government when William was absent in France, and who reorganised the Church in England. Having established the primacy of his archbishopric over that of York, and with William's approval, Lanfranc excommunicated rebels, and set up Church or spiritual courts to deal with ecclesiastical matters. Lanfranc also replaced English bishops and abbots (some of whom had already been removed by the Council of Winchester under papal authority) with Norman or French clergy to reduce potential political resistance. In addition, Canterbury and Durham Cathedrals were rebuilt and some of the bishops' sees were moved to urban centres. At his coronation, William promised to uphold existing laws and customs. The Anglo-Saxon shire courts and 'hundred' courts (which administered defence and tax, as well as justice matters) remained intact, as did regional variations and private Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions. To strengthen royal justice, William relied on sheriffs (previously smaller landowners, but replaced by influential nobles) to supervise the administration of justice in existing county courts, and sent members of his own court to conduct important trials. However the introduction of Church courts, the mix of Norman/Roman law and the differing customs led to a continuing complex legal framework. More severe forest laws reinforced William's conversion of the New Forest into a vast Royal deer reserve. These laws caused great resentment, and to English chroniclers, the New Forest became a symbol of William's greed. Nevertheless the King maintained peace and order. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1087 declared 'he was a very stern and violent man, so no one dared do anything contrary to his will ... Amongst other things the good security he made in this country is not to be forgotten.' William spent the last months of his reign in Normandy, fighting a counter-offensive in the French Vexin territory against King Philip's annexation of outlying Normandy territory. Before his death on 9 September 1087, William divided his 'Anglo-Norman' state between his sons. (The scene was set for centuries of expensive commitments by successive English monarchs to defend their inherited territories in France.) William bequeathed Normandy as he had promised to his eldest son Robert, despite their bitter differences (Robert had sided with his father's enemies in Normandy, and even wounded and defeated his father in a battle there in 1079). His son William Rufus was to succeed William as King of England, and the third remaining son, Henry, was left 5,000 pounds in silver. William was buried in his abbey foundation of St Stephen at Caen. Desecrated by Huguenots (1562) and Revolutionaries (1793), the burial place of the first Norman king of England is marked by a simple stone slab."2J. Orton Buck & Timothy Field Beard, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants (Genealogical Pub. Co, Baltimore 1978), 183.
319371333. Matilda of Flanders Queen of England, Duchess of Normandy
1J. Orton Buck & Timothy Field Beard, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants (Genealogical Pub. Co, Baltimore 1978), 183.
2J. Orton Buck & Timothy Field Beard, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, 183.
319371334. Malcolm III King of Scotland
1David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror, Univ. of California Press (Los Angeles & Berkeley, 1964), Appendix, Tables 2 & 3, 12 Oct 0099.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, (Genealogical Publishing Co. 5th ed. 1999), page 189, line 161-8.
3Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, page 189, line 161-8.
4Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), Line 170-21.
5Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, page 189, line 161-8.
6Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Line 170-21.
319371335. St. Margaret the Exile Queen of Scotland
1David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror, Univ. of California Press (Los Angeles & Berkeley, 1964), Appendix, Tables 2 & 3.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, (Genealogical Publishing Co. 5th ed. 1999), line 161-8.
3Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, line 161-8.
4Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), Line 170-21.
319371336. William VI or VIII Duke of Aquitaine
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 110-23.
319371337. Hildegard of Burgundy Duchess of Aquitaine
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 110-23.
319371338. William IV Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 185-2.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, line 185-2.
319371339. Emma de Mortain Countess of Toulouse, Duchess of Narbonne
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 185-2.
319371340. Boso II Viscount de Châtellérhault
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 183-2.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, page 157, line 183-2.
319371341. Eleanor de Thouars Viscountess de Châtellérhault
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 183-2.