1277485906. AEthelred II the Unready King of England
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, (Genealogical Publishing Co. 5th ed. 1999), line 161-5.
2Encyclopaedia Brittanica, http://www.brittanica.com.
The son of King Edgar (ruled 959-975), Ethelred ascended the throne upon the assassination of his half brother King Edward the Martyr in March 978. Widespread suspicion that Ethelred may have had a part in the murder created much of the distrust and disloyalty that undermined his authority. Hence, there was no unified defense when the Danish invasions resumed in 980. Nearly all of the country was ravaged, and Ethelred's efforts to buy peace only made the invaders more rapacious. When they did begin to settle down in towns, Ethelred provoked further invasions by launching a massacre of Danish settlers (Nov. 13, 1002). By the end of 1013 the Danish king Sweyn I had been accepted as king in England, and Ethelred had fled to Normandy. After Sweyn died in February 1014, Ethelred's council of advisers invited him to return to the throne on condition that he agree to satisfy their grievances. At the time of Ethelred's death in 1016, Sweyn's son Canute was ravaging England. Ethelred was succeeded by his son Edmund II Ironside (ruled 1016); one of his other sons ruled England as Edward the Confessor from 1042 to 1066."
"also spelled Aethelred, byname Ethelred The Unready, or Aethelred Unraed b. 968?
d. April 23, 1016, London
king of the English from 978 to 1013 and from 1014 to 1016. He was an ineffectual ruler who failed to prevent the Danes from overrunning England. The epithet "unready" is derived from unraed, meaning "evil counsel."3Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, line 161-5.
4Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, line 161-5.
1277485907. Emma of Normandy Queen of England
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), 235-19.
1277485908. Osbern de Crêpon Steward of Normandy
1Website, http://www.algonet.se/~anderzb/genea/medieval/gunnor.htm.
[Modified from an article which appeared in Dec 1996 on soc.genealogy.medieval] There have been many requests for information on the various Norman relationships compiled by Robert de Torigny. This is an attempt to summarize and harmonize several recent works on some of the lines:
"Robert de Torigny and the family of Gunnor, Duchess of Normandy by Todd A. Farmerie
Elisabeth M C van Houts. Robert of Torigni as Genealogist. in Studies in Medieval History presented to R. Allen Brown, p.215-33.
Kathleen Thompson. The Norman Aristocracy before 1066: the Example of the Montgomerys. in Historical Research 60:251-63.
K S B Keats-Rohan. Aspects of Torigny's Genealogy Revisited. in Nottingham Medieval Studies 37:21-7. Robert de Torigny, writing after the Norman Conquest, recorded the genealogical traditions which tied many of the Norman nobility to the family of Gunnor, first mistress of Richard I, then Duchess of Normandy. He reported the tradition that Richard had become infatuated with the wife of one of his foresters, but being the pious wife, she substituted her sister Gunnor, much to everyone's satisfaction. He proceded to name the siblings of Gunnor, and also indicated the she had numerous nieces, who are left unnamed, but whose marriages and descendants are provided.
The genealogical information contained in his account has at various times been praised and condemned, but recent opinion seems to favor the view that, while minor errors abound, the genealogies accurately represent a tradition of shared descent that may account for the rapid rise of these nobles. The parentage of Gunnor and her siblings is unknown. While some sources call her father Herfastus, this was in fact the name of her brother. She has also been claimed as daughter of the Danish royal family, but there is no evidence for this, and the context of her coming to the attention of Richard I and the family's subsequent rise to power militates against her being a royal daughter. Douglas argued (in a 1944 English Historical Review article on the family of William Fitz Osbern), based on the donations of brother Arfast to the monastery of St. Pere, that the root of the family was in the Cotetin region of Normandy, but van Houts has suggested that the Cotetin land was granted to Arfast, rather than inherited by him. Thus we are left with the more ambiguous statements of Torigny and others that she was a member of a Norman family of Danish origins. The only known brother of Gunnor was Arfast/Herfast, of whom we gain what little insight we have from a trial of heretics conducted by King Robert II of France. Arfast testified that he had pretended to join the sect, all the better to denounce them when the time arose. He later donated lands to the monastery of St. Pere, to which he retired. He had at least two sons: Osbern, who was steward to the later Dukes, and was murdered by William de Montgomery while defending the young Duke William; and Ranulf, known from charters. Osbern maried a niece of Richard I (the daughter of his half-brother) and by her was the father of the Conquest baron William Fitz Osbern.
<snip>."
1277485909. Emma d'Ivry
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Christian Feuillet wrote:
"From: Todd A. Farmerie ([email protected])
Subject: Re: Early d'Ivry and de Breteuil
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2001-02-18 11:04:14 PST
>
> I have a couple of questions around the early d'Ivry in Normandy.
>
> Raoul d'Ivry said to be uterine brother of Richard I of Normandy (if true,
> who was his father?) m1 Alberede (had the castle of Ivry build, she was
> executed in 1011), m2 Eremberge (who were their background?). Asperling/Esperlingus, who married the mistress of William I,
mother of Richard I. This was given by Dudo based on information
supplied to him by Raoul himself, so is perfectly reliable. > From m2 he had Hugues d'Ivry, bishop of Bayeux. How to link those with
> Guillaume de Breteuil (d. 1103) and Robert d'Ivry (grand father of Ascelin
> Goel, ennemy and son-in-law of Guillaume). Emma, daughter of Raoul married Osbern of Crepon, having Osbern
(Fitz Osbern), Bishop of Exeter and William Fitz Osbern. The
latter married Adelisa de Toeny, and had William de Breteuil and
Roger de Breteuil, along with daughter Emma, wife of Ralph de
Gael, Earl of Norfolk. According to CP (Lovel of Tichmarsh), Ascelin Goel was son of
Robert d'Ivry, son of a Robert "miles" who married Aubree. Her
placement is not certain, but it is hypothesized that she was a
daughter of Hugh d'Ivry, Bishop of Bayeux. taf."
1277485970. Uchtred Earl of Northumberland
1Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD 1998, 3d ed.), line 314-35.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 34-20.
1277485971. Alfgifu (Elgiva) Princess of England, Countess of Northumberland
1[email protected], Ancestry World Tree file, line 34-20.
file name: g6228d.
1277486000. Ketel Baron of Kendal
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 34-24.
2K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday Descendants (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2002), 42.
1277486001. Christina
1K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday Descendants (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2002), 42.
1277486160. Juhael Berenger Count of Rennes
1Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
It was documented by Lot that Juhel Berenger was son of a Berenger, who in turn is speculated to have been maternal grandson of the Count Berenger named in 705 (and also as father of Poppa above). This is actually an early case of a patronymic surname, as the byname Berenger was also used by Juhel's son Conan, and grandson Geoffrey. This (younger) Berenger is speculated to have been a descendant of Erispoe. The connection shown here, involving Paskwitan and Gervant, is in error. Enough for now. taf."
"From: Todd A. Farmerie
Subject: Re: Vitri Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 1998/06/25
<snip>
1277486164. William "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy
1David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror, Univ. of California Press (Los Angeles & Berkeley, 1964), Appendix, Table 1, 12 Oct 0099.
2David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror, page 21, 13 Oct 0099.
1277486165. Sprota of Bretagne
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 121E-19.
2Medieval Genealogy Newsgroup.
Ingolf Vogel wrote:
"Subject: Re: Duc de Bretagne
Date: 06/04/2000
Author: Todd A. Farmerie <[email protected]>
>
> Hello,
>
> Does anyone know who the father/mother/ancestors of SPROTA of BRETANGE, married to William I Longsword, Duc of Normandie, murdered 17.12.942, burried in Rouen, was ?
>
> Any Information would be appreciated. What is known (IIRC) is that she was a prisoner taken in Britany, she never married William, but later married a norman named Asperleng, also having at least one son by him. That's it. This we know from her son, who was the primary source for the chronicler Dudo of St.Quentin, so if more was known, we would probably have been told. Anything else you see is in error or unsupported. The most common claim you will see is that she was from Senlis, but that is because her son Richard is called "nephew" of Count Bernard. However, elsewhere William himself is called nephew of Bernard, so in all probability the relationship came through William's mother, and not Richard's, particularly since Poppa came from a local noble family, while Sprota was a captive of unknown origin. taf."
1277486168. Theobald I Count of Blois, Chartres & Tours
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 49-19.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, line 49-19.
1277486169. Luitgarda of Vermandois Countess of Blois
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 49-19.
1277486170. Conrad I King of Burgundy
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), 159-19.
1277486171. Mathilda of France Queen of Burgundy
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 157-19.
1277486174. William Taillefers Count of Toulouse
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 141A-20.
2Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, line 141A-20.
1277486175. Adelaide of Anjou Countess of Toulouse
1Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 7th Ed, 1999), line 141A-20.