Thomas Thompson and Elizabeth
Husband Thomas Thompson
Born: Abt 1610-1617 - Kirkfenton, Yorkshire, England Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage: 1634 - Yorkshire, England
Wife Elizabeth
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M John Thompson
Born: 3 May 1635 - Kirkfenton, Yorkshire, England Christened: Died: 1710-1715 - Elsinborough, Salem, New Jersey Buried:Spouse: Jane Humbles (1639-1676) Marr: 1665 - Donard, Co Wickloe, IrelandSpouse: Sarah Leonard Fairbanks ( - ) Marr: 2 Apr 1679 - Salem Meeting, Salem County, New Jersey
2 M Andrew Thompson
Born: 29 Sep 1637 - Kirkfenton, Yorkshire, England Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Isabella Marshall ( - ) Marr: 11 Jul 1764 - Wicklow County, Ireland
3 M Thomas Thompson
Born: 8 Jun 1639 - Kirkfenton, Yorkshire, England Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Rebecca Brassey ( - ) Marr: New Jersey
General Notes (Husband)
He moved his whole family to Ireland in 1658.
According to one version, the only record of Thomas and Elizabeth was found in the SAlem (Ne Jersey) Monthly Meeting minutes where they were shown as the parents of John and Andrew. It is not clear if they migrated to west New Jersey with their two sons n 1677. Their dates of death and place f burial are not known.
Nevertheless, birth or christening dates not in the meeting minutes at Salem, NJ, appear to have been found. It even appears that a record was found of their marriage.
It appears that Thomas, younger than John and Andrew, also went to Ireland with their parents; but Andrew and John did not mention him in their family bios in the meeting minutes in Salem New Jersey.
From Ysearch, Marge Thompson, Kirkfenton Thompson family is haplogroup R1b.
DYS 393 13
DYS 390 24
DYS 19/394 14
DYS 391 12
DYS 385A 11
DYS 385B 15
DYS 426 12
DYS 388 12
DYS 439 13
DYS 389-1 12
DYS 392 13
DYS 389-2 28
DYS 458 17
DYS 459A 9
DYS 459B 10
DYS 455 11
DYS 454 11
DYS 447 25
DYS 437 15
DYS 448 19
DYS 449 29
DYS 464A, B, C, D 14, 14, 15, 17
This contains some unusual markers but is closest to Ken Nordtfeldt's Eastern European haplotype, and matches a small subclade identified on the Border Reivers web site, using Y Search data, of haplotypes from Syria and the Near East. R1b did not evolve in Western Europe but became relatively common there during the last ice age. A DNS marker identifies a clade of Eastern R1b, and this haplotype appears to match up with it. People would most likely have been sent to Britain by the Romans as soldiers, from among Germanic peoples living in southeastern Europe at that time, like the Goths.
Not necessariy true that it isn't a western R1b with some unusual mutations; no marker is more than one point from the Atlantic modal haplotype shared by 60% of the people of Western Europe.
However, an origin as a Roman soldier is consistent with the history of the city of York. Large numbers of Roman soldiers were posted to Hadrian's wall, York was one of the two Roman administrative capitals of northern England, and large numbers of Roman soldiers, especially from Eastern Europe, were given land in the area after their term as soldiers.
From Kirk Fenton village web site:
The Origins of the Village
The first documentary evidence of Fenton is in 963AD when King Edgar made a grant of twenty Hides to Aeslac of Sherburn-in-Elmet. Little evidence remains of the earlier origins of the village, although in 800AD an archive source records:
"East of the high ground at Sherburn the land was wooded with huge oaks and tiny British settlements. Houses were made of poles covered by skins or leaves. The land was low lying, often below sea level. Tracks that existed were limited to ridges of high ground."
We can perhaps assume that the village main street probably reflects one such ancient path.
The name Church Fenton has evolved over the years, starting as Fentune in 963 to Fentun in the Doomsday book of 1086. Kirk Fenton is first mentioned 1338 signifying the establishment of a church in the village. 'Ton' or 'tun' suggests a community within an enclosure, reclaimed from the 'fen' which is an old English word for a marsh.
It is likely that the origins of the village were agricultural, although in 1400 records show that many villagers were employed at the Huddleston stone quarry at a time when the stone was being used to build York Cathedral. In 1458 the village had a population of 42 married couples, 26 single adults, 1 tradesman (blacksmith). There appears to be no mention of children. Major drainage works opened up the majority of the land for agriculture between 1600 and 1800 and the Moated House of the Lord of the Manor used to stand on the site of Manor Farm.
Online Britannia Narrative History of York:
The City of York began life in the time of the Romans. The Vale of York had been inhabited quite intensively since prehistoric times, but it took the Romans, with their unerring eye for a good site to see the advantages of York's position - the tidal nature of the River Ouse, which enabled ships to reach it by sailing in through the Humber estuary, York's natural placing as the hub of routes crossing from all points of the compass and its elevation above the surrounding plain, which meant that it was dry, despite its proximity to the river, and easily defensible. They called their new settlement Eboracum, a latinized form of an old Celtic word probably meaning "Place of the Yew Trees".
In AD 70, nearly thirty years after the Romans' initial invasion of Britain, a strategic alliance with a federation of Northern Celtic tribes, known as the Brigantes, began to break down. The Roman governor, Petillius Cerialis, was ordered to march north from Lincoln with the Ninth Legion Hispana and crush these potential enemies. The Brigantes were to fight hard, but futilely to expel the Roman intruders, who constructed their first fortress at Eboracum in AD 71, even before they had totally subjugated Yorkshire. This rectangular 'playing-card' construction consisted of a V-shaped ditch and earthen ramparts with a timber palisade, interval towers and four gateways. It covered about 50 acres of a grid-plan of streets between timber barrack blocks, storehouses and workshops. More important buildings included the huge Headquarters Building or Principia (whose remains are on view in the Minster Foundations), the Commandant's House, a hospital and baths. The fort was designed to house the entire legion - up to 6,000 men - and remained a military headquarters almost to the end of Roman rule in Britain.
The fortifications at York were strengthened around AD 80 by a caretaker garrison while the Ninth Legion campaigned with the governor, Julius Agricola, in Wales and Scotland. The original fort was replaced, in AD 108, by a massive stone structure with walls that survived the centuries to be used as part of the defences of Viking and Medieval York. The Roman fortress even influenced the layout of York's streets in later centuries, an influence that survives to this day. In AD 118, there were further military clashes with the Northern Celtic tribes, though the Ninth Legion's exact involvement is unknown. Four years later, they were withdrawn from the province when the Emperor Hadrian toured Britain and almost certainly visited York to personally oversee the installation of the Sixth Legion Victrix in the citadel. They later helped build the great wall named after their patron, from the Salway to the Tyne.
Further tribal unrest at the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century led to the rebuilding and strengthening of many military installations in Northern Britain. This was particularly necessary at York which appears to have been overrun in AD 197. The stone walls there had such poor foundations that in some areas they had partially collapsed. Celtic resistance north of Hadrian's Wall continued and, eventually, the Emperor Septimus Severus decided it was time to punish the natives once and for all. In AD 208, he and his son, Caracalla, set up the Imperial Court it York and from here, Severus ruled the entire Roman Empire for three whole years while campaigning in what later became Scotland. Worn out by his efforts, the Emperor actually died in the city in February AD 211, traditionally somewhere in the area of Goodramgate. He was cremated in York, but his ashes were sent back to Rome. Caracalla subsequently forced the Caledonian tribes into advantageous peace-treaties.
Roman York, however, was not just a garrison settlement. Across the Ouse, to the south-west, lay a major Roman town, with typically Roman accoutrements - public baths, public buildings, temples to a variety of Roman gods, shops, a water supply, drainage, sewers and houses, some luxurious with underground heating, mosaic floors and marble panelling. It had quickly become a thriving port, handling olive oil, wine, red Samian ware from Gaul, fine tableware from Germany and supplies of grain, pottery and horses for the army. Roman tombstones show the cosmopolitan nature of the city with merchants from Gaul, Sardinia and elsewhere. Around AD 200, it had been made the capital of Britannia Inferior (Upper Britain) - and therefore seat of the governor or praeses - when Britain had been divided into two provinces; and it was probably during Severus' time in the city that York was given the status of a Colonia (though it may have already been a self-governing Municipium). This was an honourary title which had, by this time, lost its original military veteran connertations and instead indicated that York was the amongst the most important towns of the Empire.
A century later, during the usurpation of the British Emperor Allectus, Diocletian further divided Britain into four small provinces during his search for improved administrative effectiveness. Though the administration was not established until the Western deputy Emperor, Constantius, had re-established Roman Imperial power in AD 296. By this time, Pictish warriors appear to have raided as far south as York and Chester and Constantius probably visited the city before campaigning north of Hadrian's Wall. York remained a provincial capital, this time of Britannia Secunda (Secondary Britain) and the commander of the Sixth Legion was made governor. The name of only one governor is known - Aurelius Arpagius. The office held by this man was therefore in charge of both civil and military matters in the province. However, around AD 300, possibly as a result of Constantius' campaigns, the governor's military powers were given away to the Dux Britanniuarum, a new position created to command the Roman frontier along Hadrian's Wall and throughout Northern Britain. His headquarters was at York and the fortress defences and much of the city appears to have been rebuilt in a much grander scale for his benefit.
Constantius certainly returned to Britain and his Caledonian conquests in AD 306, for he died in York on 25th June that year. His son, Constantine, who was campaigning with his father, was immediately heralded in the city as the new Emperor by his troops; and after defeating rivals on the Continent, he became one of the Empire's greatest rulers. His statue can be seen near the Minster's south transept. It was Constantine the Great who became the first Christian Emperor and in AD 312 declared religious toleration throughout the Empire. Only two years later, three British Bishops attended the Council of Arles. One, Ebraucus, came from York, showing the speed at which the new religion had spread. The site of this man's cathedral has not yet been discovered.
At the time of Constantine's push for the Imperial Crown, one of his greatest supporters in York was one "Crocus, King of the Alemanni," almost certainly the leader of the Germanic foederati settled in the Vale of York and Wolds of East Yorkshire. These continental warlords were given areas of farmland in return for military service from at least the early 4th century. In AD 367, during "Great Barbarian Conspiracy," Pictish and Scottish warriors poured into the province over Hadrian's Wall, helped by rebellious Germanic mercenaries in the Roman army. At this time, even the Dux Britanniarum was of Gothic extraction, a man with the Latinized Germanic name of Fullofaudes. He was almost certainly a Rhinelander or Romano-Vandal recruited as a commander in the Roman army as part of the normal Imperial policy. He was ambushed and captured by his countrymen. An interesting situation which was planting the seeds of events to come in York.
The Roman General Theodosius was sent to crush the Anglo-Pictish onslaught and this he did to great effect. It is not known whether York was attacked at this period, but the general, no doubt, patched up the city's defences as he consolidated fortifications throughout the north. This may have included the erection of the so-called 'Anglian Tower' in the city. However, despite this return of calm, civil wars amongst rival Emperors on the Continent began to weaken the Imperial hold on Britain. The British claimants Magnus Maximus and Constantine III withdrew the last remaining troops from Britain in AD 383 and 407 respectively. The Sixth Legion left York for the Continent and by AD 410, the Emperor Honourius had instructed Britain to look to its own defences.
Pontefract is 11 miles in the opposite direction; Kirk Fenton is actually midway between Pontefract and York on a straight line.
Pontefract's name originates in the Latin Pontus Fractus, "Broken Bridge". The town is situated on an old roman road (now the A639 ), described as the "Roman Ridge", which passes south towards Doncaster . Although Pontefract itself does not appear in the Domesday Book , an area of the town, known as Tanshelf, does.
Roman York
Before the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 AD, the area that is now northern England was controlled by a confederation of tribes known as the Brigantes. In 71 AD the governor of Britain, Quintus Petillius Cerialis, sent the 9th Roman legion to invade Brigantes territory.
The Romans quickly realized the strategic value of this place at the confluence of the Foss and the Ouse rivers. The legion established a fort on the banks of the Ouse. The fort, and the town that grew up about it was called Eboracum, or "place of the yew trees".
An alternative translation of Eboracum is "estate of Eboros", which might lend support to Geoffrey of Monmouth's claim that the founding king of York was Ebracus, in the 10th century BCE.
At its largest the fort enclosed some 50 acres and supported a garrison of 6000 legionaries. The fort of Eboracum followed the usual Roman system of a grid-like pattern of streets, and public buildings such as the forum and baths.
The legionary baths were uncovered during construction work in the 1920s beneath the pub now known as The Roman Bath. The pub now features an interactive audio-visual display called "Life at the Baths", which allows visitors to "question" Roman characters about the bath and its place in Romano-British life.
So important did York become in Roman Britain that a royal palace was built in the city, and the emperor Septimus Severus stayed here with his imperial court in the years 209-211. By the 4th century Eboracum was the capitol of southern Britannia.
The Emperor Constantius I visited here in 306 - and promptly died. His son, Constantine the Great, founder of Constantinople and the first Christian Emperor of Rome, was proclaimed emperor in York. The traditional site of his crowning is preserved under York Minster.
The headquarters of the legions was on the site of the Minster. Roman remains were uncovered beneath the church during restoration work, including a 31 ft. high column, which has been re-erected near the south entrance to the Minster.
The most enduring legacy of the Romans, though, are the city walls of York </cities/york/wall.htm>. Little remains of the original Roman walls, the most intact section includes the Multiangular Tower, which stands in the Museum Gardens. The tower was built during the reign of Emperor Severus. It has 10 sides, and stands almost 30 ft. high. There were once 8 towers, including three on each side of the main entrance to the fort.
The Romans left Eboracum some time around 410 AD, and the city, like much of Roman Britain, fell into a period of decay and decline. A new invader fell upon the city; the Anglo-Saxons.
Tadcaster, Roman name Calcaria, was about four miles north, between Kirk Fenton and Aberford. It was on the Roman road.
Tadcaster was founded by the Romans , who named it Calcaria from the Latin word for lime, reflecting the importance of the area's limestone geology as a natural resource for quarrying , an industry which continues into the present day and has contributed to many important buildings including York Minster </wiki/York_Minster>. Calcaria was an important staging post on the road to Eburacum (York ), which grew up at the river crossing.
Saxon and medieval times
The suffix of the Anglo-Saxon name Tadcaster is derived from the borrowed Latin word castra meaning 'fort', although the Saxons used it for any walled Roman settlement. Tadcaster is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the place were King Harold assembled his army and fleet prior to entry into York and subsequently on to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066.
The town is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Tatecastre. The record reads: Two Manors. In Tatecastre, Dunstan and Turchil had eight carucates of land for geld, where four ploughs may be. Now, William de Parci has three ploughs and 19 villanes and 11 bordars having four ploughs, and two mills of ten shillings (annual value). Sixteen acres of meadow are there. The whole manors, five quaranteens in length, and five in breadth. In King Edward's time they were worth forty shillings; now one hundred shillings.
In the 11th century William de Percy established Tadcaster Castle, a motte-and-bailey fortress, near the present town centre using stone reclaimed from Roman rubble. The castle was abandoned in the early 12th century, and though briefly re-fortified with cannon emplacements during the Civil War >, all that remains is the castle motte. The outline of the long demolished southern bailey still impacts the geography of surrounding streets.
The original river crossing was probably a simple ford near the present site of St Mary's Church, soon followed by a wooden bridge. Around 1240, the first stone bridge was constructed close by, possibly from stone once again reclaimed from the castle
General Notes (Wife)
She may have been daughter of Andrew Wharton or Drake.
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