I.

II.

Canal Voyage from Waterford to Bemis’s Heights. – Appearance of the Country. – Young Tourists from Saratoga Springs. – Gates and Burgoyne. – An Evening Visit to Bemis’s Heights. – View from Bemis’s Heights. – Topography. – Origin of the Name. – Headquarters of Revolutionary Officers. – Localities about Bemis’s Heights. – Gates’s Quarters. – Willard’s Mountain. – Condition of the Northern Army. – British Reverses in the Mohawk Valley. – Perplexity of Burgoyne. – Advance of Gates to Stillwater. – Kosciusko. – Fortifications at Bemis’s Heights. – Their present Appearance. – Preparations for Battle. – Approach of the two Armies. – Engagement between the Advance Corps. – Maneuvers of Arnold and Fraser. – Approach of a British Re-enforcement under Phillips. – View of the Battle-ground. – A Lull in the Battle. – Renewal of the Battle. – Loss sustained by both Armies. – The number and the particular Troops engaged. – Baroness Reidesel’s Notice of the Battle. – Major Hull. – Narrow Escape of Burgoyne. – Arnold, and the Testimony of History. – Colonel Varick’s Letter respecting Arnold. – General Gates’s Treatment of Arnold. – Rupture between them. – Condition of the Armies after the Battle. – Burgoyne’s Encampment. – Poverty of the American Commissariat. – Fortifications of both Camps. – Junction of Lincoln with the Army at Bemis’s. – Relative Position of the Armies. – Effect of the Battle on the People. – Diminution of Burgoyne’s Army, and increase of Gates’s. – Condition of the Enemy. – Hostile Movements of the British. – Preparations of the Americans for Battle. – Second Battle of Stillwater. – Bravery of both Armies. – Quick and bold Movements of Morgan. – Impetuosity and Bravery of Arnold. – General Fraser. – Death of General Fraser. – Censure of Morgan. – Panic in the British Line. – Timothy Murphy. – Bravery of General Arnold. – Assault on the German Works. – Arnold Wounded. – Gates and Sir Francis Clarke. – Retreat of the Germans, and Close of the Battle. – Preparations of Burgoyne to Retreat. – The Killed and Wounded. – Place of General Fraser’s Death. – Account of his Death by the Baroness Reidesel. – Fraser’s last Request granted. – Burial of Fraser. – Humanity of the Americans. – Lady Harriet Ackland. – Courage and Fortitude of Lady Harriet Ackland. – Burgoyne’s Request and Gates’s Generosity.

III.

Present Peacefulness at Saratoga. – Curious Meteorological Phenomena. – Departure for Schuylerville. – Approach of a Tempest. – A violent Gale. – Misfortunes of an Irish Way-passenger. – Fraser’s Grove. – Do-ve-gat or Coveville. – Colonel Van Vechten. – Origin of "Whig" and "Tory." – Arrival at Schuylerville. – Beautiful Evening Scene. – Commencement of Burgoyne’s Retreat toward Saratoga. – His Retreat anticipated by Gates. – Melancholy Condition of the British Army. – Gates’s Kindness to the Invalids. – Destruction of Schuyler’s Mills and Mansion. – Situation of Fellows’s Detachment. – Conduct of the American Militia. – Burgoyne’s Attempt to Retreat. – Unsuccessful Stratagem of Burgoyne. – Perilous Situation of two American Brigades. – Deserters from the British Army. – Retreat of the Americans to their Camp. – Perplexity of Burgoyne. – A scattered Retreat proposed. – Relative Position of the two Camps. – Exposed Condition of the British Camp. – Burgoyne determines to Surrender. – Proposition of Burgoyne to surrender his Troops. – Terms proposed by Gates. – Terms finally agreed upon. – Message to Burgoyne from General Clinton. – Disposition of Burgoyne to withhold his Signature. – Laying down of Arms. –Courtesy of General Gates. – The Place of Surrender. – First personal Meeting of Gates and Burgoyne. - Humiliating Review of the British Prisoners. – Burgoyne’s Surrender of his Sword. – The Spoils of Victory. – Yankee Doodle. – The Germans and Hessians. – Their Arrival at Cambridge and wretched Appearance. – Kindness of the People. – Relative Condition and Prospect of the Americans before the Capture of Burgoyne. – Effect of that Event. – Wilkinson before Congress. – Gold Medal awarded to Gates. – Proceedings of the British Parliament. – Speech of Chatham. – The Opposition in the House of Commons. – Policy of Lord North. – Exalted Position of the American Commissioners at Paris. – Our relative Position to the Governments of Europe. – Policy of Vergennes. – Beaumarchais's Commercial Operations. – Unmasking of the French King. – Independence of the United States acknowledged by France. – Letter of Louis XVI.

IV.

A Lady of the Revolution. – Sufferings of herself and Family. – Her Husband’s Pension allowed her. – Remains of the Fortifications of Burgoyne’s Camp. – The Reidesel House. – Narrative of the Baroness Reidesel. – Companions in Misery of the Baroness Reidesel. – Wounded Soldiers. – Kindness of General Schuyler. – Arrival of the British Officers and Women at Albany. – Courtesy of General Schuyler and Family. – British Officers at Schuyler’s House. – Execution-place of Lovelace. – Active and Passive Tories. – Rendezvous of Lovelace. – Capture and Death of Lovelace. – Daring Adventure of an American Soldier. – Departure from Schuylerville. – Visit to the Site of old Fort Edward. – Tragedy of "Bloody Run." – Daring Feat by Putnam. – Fort Miller Fording-place. – Canal Voyage to Fort Edward. – Scene on Board. – Fort Edward. – National Debt of England. –Daring Feat of Putnam at Fort Edward. – Jane M‘Crea Tree. – Sir William Johnson and his Title. – Fortifications. – The Fort Edward Romance. – Mrs. M‘Neil and her Grand-daughter. – Narrative of the latter. – Residence of Jane M‘Crea at Fort Edward. – Her Betrothal. – Abduction of Mrs. M‘Neil and Jane. – Flight of the Indians toward Sandy Hill. – Treatment of Mrs. M‘Neil. – Indian Account of the Death of Jane. – The Spring. – Massacre of the Allen Family. – Gates’s Letter – Inquiry respecting the Death of Miss M‘Crea. – Desertion of Lieutenant Jones. – Effect of Miss M‘Crea’s Death on Lieutenant Jones. – Attack of Indians upon American Troops. – Reinterment of Miss M‘Crea. – Young Girl struck by Lightning. – Village Burial-ground. – Colonel Cochran and his Adventures. – Rogers’s Island. – Relics found on Rogers’s Island. – A remarkable Skull. – Silver Coin found at Fort Edward.

V.

Ride from Fort Edward to Glenn’s Falls. – Appearance of the Country. – Interesting Character of the Region. – Scenery about the Falls. – "Indian Cave" and "Big Snake." – Departure for Lake George. – Williams’s Rock. – Approach of Dieskau. – Hendrick, the Mohawk Sachem. – Speech of Hendrick. – Fight with the French, and Death of Colonel Williams and Hendrick. – Bloody Pond. – Arrival at Caldwell. – Indian and French Names of Lake George. – Fort William Henry. – Attack upon Johnson’s Camp, 1755. – Battle of Lake George, and Death of Dieskau. – Weakness of British Commanders. – The Six Nations. – Hendrick’s Rebuke. – Lord Louden. – Montcalm’s first Attack on Fort William Henry. – Perfidy and Cowardice of Webb. – Vigilance of Stark. – Montcalm’s second Attack on Fort William Henry. – Surrender of the Garrison. – Perfidy of the French and Indians. – Destruction of Fort William Henry. – Brilliant Expedition under Abercrombie. – Visit to the Ruins of Fort George. – Storm upon Lake George. – Arrivals from Ticonderoga. – Departure from Caldwell. – Diamond Island. – Successful Expedition under Colonel Brown. – Long Point, Dome Island, and the Narrows. – Sabbath Day Point. – Skirmish in 1756. – Halt of Abercrombie’s Army. – Splendid Appearance of the Armament. – Skirmish at Sabbath Day Point, 1756. – Rogers’s Slide. – Narrow Escape of Major Rogers. – Prisoners’ Island. – Debarkation of British Troops. – A pleasant travelling Companion. – Trip from Lake George to Ticonderoga. – Topography of Ticonderoga. – The Fortress. – Its Investment by Abercrombie. – Bravery of Lord Howe. – Fight with the French, and Death of Howe. – Attack on Ticonderoga, and Defeat of the English. – Other Expeditions. – Siege and Capture of Louisburg. – Preparations for the Conquest of Canada. – Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.

VI.

Ticonderoga and its Associations. – Visit to the Ruins of the Fort. – A living Soldier of the Revolution. – Isaac Rice. – Position of Affairs in the Colonies at the beginning of 1775. – Secret Agent sent to Canada. – Report of the Secret Agent. – Plan formed in Connecticut to Capture Ticonderoga. – Expedition under Ethan Allen. – Expedition against Ticonderoga. – Arnold joins Allen at Castleton. – Dispute about Rank. – Surprise of the Garrison. – Interview between Allen and Delaplace. – Allen’s Order to surrender obeyed. – Trouble with Arnold about command. – Forbearance of the Colonists. – Consistent Course of their Delegates in Congress. – Various Addresses of the second Congress. – Military Preparations made by Congress. – The Continental Army. – Spirit of the People. – Ticonderoga. – Present Appearance of Fort Ticonderoga and Vicinity. – The Bakery. – Grenadiers’ Battery. – The floating Bridge. – View of the Ruins by Moonlight. – The old Patriot, his Memories and Hopes. – Trip to Mount Defiance. – Ascent of the Mountain. – An English Major and Provincial Subaltern. – View from the Top of Mount Defiance. – Mount Independence, Ticonderoga, the Lake, and the Green Mountains. – Crown Point and Ticonderoga invested by Burgoyne. – Material of his Army. – Weakness of the Garrison at Ticonderoga. – Outposts undefended. – Fort on Mount Independence. – Tardiness of Congress in supplying Men and Munitions. – Ticonderoga invested by the British. – Council of War in the American Camp. – The British on Mount Defiance. – Retreat of the Americans from Ticonderoga and Mount Independence. – Imprudence of Fermoy. – Pursuit by the Enemy. – Washington’s Recommendation of Arnold. – Acquittal of Schuyler and St. Clair of Blame. – Return to Ticonderoga. – Arrival at Whitehall or old Skenesborough. – Historical Notice of the Place. – Capture of Major Skene and his People. – Destruction of American Vessels at Skenesborough. – Flight of the Americans toward Fort Anne. – Major Skene. – Whitehall in 1814. – Ride to Fort Anne Village. – Site of the Fort. – Present Appearance of the Locality. – Putnam and Rogers near Fort Anne. – Ambush of French and Indians. – Desperate Battle. – Perilous Situation of Putnam. – Humanity of Putnam’s Captor. – Preparation for Torture. – Interposition of Molang. – Battle-ground near Fort Anne. – Battle near Fort Anne. – Return to Whitehall. – Visit to "Putnam’s Rock." – View of the Scene. – Putnam and Rogers on Lake Champlain. – Attack of the former on the French and Indians. – The Saratoga and Confiance. – Departure from Whitehall. – Sholes’s Landing. – Ride to the Battle-ground of Hubbardton. – Picturesque Scenery. – View of the Battle-ground. – The Battle. – Retreat and Surrender of Colonel Hale. – His reasonable Excuse. – Battle of Hubbardton. – Defeat of the Americans. – Death of Colonel Francis. – General Schuyler’s Forces at Fort Edward. – Return to Lake Champlain. – An old Soldier. – Mount Independence. – Present Appearance of Mount Independence. – Graves of Soldiers. – Vandalism. – Money-digging. – Return to Sholes’s. – Darkness on the Lake. – View from Sholes’s Landing.

VII.

Chimney Point. – First Settlement by the French. – Fort St. Frederic. – Distant View of Crown Point. – Visit to Crown Point. – Description of the Fortress. – Its present Appearance. – Proposed Attack on the French at Isle Aux Noix. – Approach of Winter. – Appearance of Crown Point. – Inscriptions. – Search for Treasure in the Well. – A venerable Money-digger. – Capture of Crown Point by the Patriots. – Seth Warner. – Expeditions of Allen and Arnold against St. John’s. – Preparations to oppose General Carleton on the Lake. – Commission from Massachusetts. – Re-enforcements for the Lake Forts. – Regiment of Green Mountain Boys. – General View of Affairs. – The "Canada Bill." – Opposition to it in Parliament. – Denunciations of Barré. – Passage of the "Canada Bill." – Effect of the Measure in the Colonies. – Boldness of Orators and the Press. – The British Government caricatured. – Carleton’s attempt to seduce the Bishop of Quebec. – Consistency of the Prelate. – Royal Highland Regiment, how raised. – Our Departure from Crown Point. – Split Rock. – War-feast on the Bouquet River. – Burgoyne’s Interview with the Indians. – Speech of an Iroquois. – Approach to Burlington. – Sabbath Morning in Burlington. – Visit to the Grave of Ethan Allen. – Ira Allen. – Burlington and Vicinity. – Adjacent Lake Scenery. – Place of Arnold’s first Naval Battle. – Military Operations on the Lake. – Formation of a little Fleet. – Excursion down the Lake. – Appearance of the British Fleet. – Plan of the Battle. – Severe Battle on the Lake. – Escape of the Americans through the British Line. – Chase by the Enemy. – Another Battle. – Bravery of Arnold on the Congress Galley. – Desperate Resistance. – Retreat to Crown Point. – Effect of the Battle. – Battle of Plattsburgh. – Military Remains. – Incidents of the Naval Battle. – Relic of Washington. – Rouse’s Point and Military Works. – The Territorial Line. – Isle Aux Noix. – Historical Associations. – St. John’s. – Custom-house Officer. – Suspicious of an Israelite. – Apparently treasonable Acts of leading Vermonters. – Military Remains at St. John’s. – Present Works. – Athenaise. – Approach of the Americans in 1775. – Advance of Montgomery against St. John’s. – Mutiny in the American Camp. – Operations at St. John’s. – Attack upon and Surrender of Fort Chambly. – Repulse of Carleton at Longueuil. – Surrender of St. John’s. – The Spoils. – Surrender of St. John’s. – Insubordination. – Retreat of the Americans out of Canada. – Rendezvous of Burgoyne’s Army at St. John’s. – Departure for Chambly. – French Canadian Houses, Farms, and People. – The Richelieu and its Rapids. – Chambly. – The Fort. – Beloeil Mountain. – Large Cross. – Francois Yest. – His Age and Reminiscences. – Temperance Pledge. – Ride to Longueuil. – A Caleche. – Ride in a Caleche. – Safe Arrival of my Companion. – An Evening Stroll. – Aurora Borealis.

VIII.

Montreal. – A Ride to the Mountain. – Interesting View. – Visit to the City Churches. – Parliament House. – Grey Nunnery. – The Grey Nuns at Prayer. – First Settlements at Montreal. – Cartier. – Jealousy of the Indians. – Montreal in 1760. – Captured by the English. – Ethan Allen in Canada. – Proposed Attack on Montreal. – Battle near Montreal. – Capture of Allen. – Brutality of Prescott. – Harsh Treatment of the Prisoners. – Biography of Allen. – Montgomery’s March upon Montreal. – Flight and Capture of Prescott. – Escape of Carleton. – Mutiny in Montgomery’s Camp. – Return Home of the Disaffected. – Visit to Longueuil. – The Village Oracle. – Fruitless Historical Research. – Arrival at Sorel. – Voyage down the St. Lawrence. – Morning View of Quebec. – The Walls of Quebec. – Situation of Quebec. – Early Settlements and Growth. – French Operations in America. – Approach of Wolfe to Quebec. – Position of Montcalm’s Army. – British Possession of Orleans and Point Levi. – Land near Montmorenci. – Junction of the English Division. – Severe Battle. – Wolfe disheartened. – Camp broken up. – Wolfe’s Cove. – Ascent of the English to the Plains of Abraham. – The Battle-ground. – Preparations for Battle. – Wolfe’s Ravine. – Battle on the Plains of Abraham. – Bravery and Death of Wolfe. – Death of Montcalm. – Burial-place of Montcalm. – Monument where Wolfe fell. – Capitulation of Quebec. – Levi’s Attempt to recapture it. – His Repulsion. – Capture of Montreal. – Collection of an Army near Boston. – Washington’s Appointment. – His Generals. – Expedition under Arnold planned. – Arrival at Fort Western. – Norridgewock Falls. – The Ancient Indians. – Father Ralle. – Fatiguing Portage. – Voyage up the Kennebec. – The Dead River. – Elevated Country. – A Freshet. – Return of Enos. – His Trial and Acquittal. – Lake Megantic and the Chaudière. – Perilous Voyage. – Narrow Escape. – Sertigan. – Timely Relief for the Troops. – Valley of the Chaudière. – Washington’s Manifesto. – Joined by Indians. – Arrival at Point Levi. – Incidents of the March.

IX.

American Army at Point Levi. – Alarm of the Canadians. – Storm on the St. Lawrence. – Passage of the Army. – Arnold’s Troops on the Plains of Abraham. – Expected Aid from within. – Arnold’s formal Summons to surrender. – Junction of Montgomery and Arnold. – Ineffectual Efforts against the Town. – Mutiny in the Camp. – Plan of Assault. – Montgomery’s Approach to Cape Diamond. – Opposing Battery. – His Charge upon the Battery. – His Death. – Arnold’s Operations. – Wounded. – Assailants led by Morgan. – Severe Fight. – Capture of Dearborn. – Loss of the Americans at Quebec. – Recovery and Burial of Montgomery’s Body. – His Life and Services. – Courtesy of Carleton. – Eminent Officers at Quebec. – Promotion of Arnold. – Blockade of Quebec. – Honor to the Memory of Montgomery. – Small-pox in the Army. – Preparations to storm Quebec. – Arrival and Death of General Thomas. – Temperance Cross. – French Canadian Children. – Falls of Montmorenci. – Island of Orleans. – Point Levi. – Quebec in the Distance. – Religious Edifices in Quebec. – The Citadel and the Walls. – View from Dalhousie Bastion. – Plains of Abraham. – Historical Localities at Quebec. – An alarmed Englishman. – Wolfe and Montcalm’s Monument. – Departure for Montreal. – A Fop’s Lesson. – Arrival at La Chine. – The Cascades. – Dangerous Voyage. – Moore’s Boat Song. – Junction of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence. – Cedars Rapids. – Garrison there in 1776. – Conduct of Bedell and Butterfield. – Massacre of Sherburne’s Corps. – Attempt of Arnold to release the Prisoners. – Menaces of the Indians. – Letter from Sherburne. – Dishonorable Conduct of a British Commander. – Washington’s Opinion. – Final Adjustment. – Cairn on the St. Lawrence. – St. Regis and its ancient Church. – Passage of Rapids. – Wind-mill Point and Ogdensburgh. – Loyalty of a British Veteran. – The "Patriots" of 1837. – Preparations for a Battle. – Fort Wellington. – Battle at Wind-mill Point. – Defeat of the "Patriots." – The Oswegatchie. – Old French Fort at Ogdensburgh. – Putnam’s Feats. – Testimony of History. – Capture of Fort Oswegatchie by the English. – Attacks upon Ogdensburgh by the British in 1812-13.

X.

Departure from Ogdensburgh. – The St. Lawrence and the Thousand Islands. – Kingston. – Fort Frontenac. – Its Capture by Colonel Bradstreet. – His Life. – Bradstreet’s Officers. – Lake Ontario. – Oswego. – Expedition of Frontenac. – Fort built by Governor Burnet. – Fort Niagara. – Description of Burnet’s Fort. – Erection of other Fortifications. – Fort Ontario. – Shirley’s Expedition against Niagara. – Remains of the "New Fort." – Shirley’s Preparations at Albany. – Montcalm’s Approach to Oswego. – Attack on the Works. – Surrender of the Forts and Garrison to Montcalm. – His Courtesy. – Destruction of the Forts. – St. Leger. – Mrs. Grant. – Willett’s Attempt to Capture Fort Oswego. – Oswego in 1798. – Attack upon Oswego in 1814. – Fort Oswego. – Result of the Battle in 1814. – Oswego at Present. – Major Cochran. – Dr. John Cochran. – Attempted Abduction of General Schuyler by Waltermeyer. – Alarm of the Family. – Narrow Escape of an Infant. – Robbery of General Schuyler’s House. – Retreat of the Marauders. – Abduction of other Patriots. – Mrs. Cochran. – Departure from Oswego. – The Genesee River. – Storm on the Lake. – Sea-sickness. – Fort Niagara. – Attack on Fort Niagara. – Stratagem of the French. – Traditions respecting the Fort. – A Refuge for Tories and Indians. –The Niagara River. – Events there of the War of 1812. – American Militia. – Brock’s Death. – His Monument. – Arrival at Niagara. – Falls Village. – View from Goat Island. – Biddle’s Tower. – Sublime Voyage in the "Maid of the Mist." – Buckingham’s Lines. – Voyage of the Maid of the Mist. – Romantic Marriage. – The Suspension Bridge. – Departure from the Falls. – A Day upon the Rail-Road. – Syracuse. – Early History of that Region. – The French. – Stratagem of a young Frenchman. – Escape of the French. – Early Explorations. – Monumental Stone. – Silver-bottomed Lake. – Rome. – Site of Fort Stanwix. – Forts Newport and Ball. – The Portage and Canal. – The Mohawk Valley. – Sir William Johnson and his Associates. – Effect of Political Movements upon the People. – Formation of Parties. – Violence of Loyalists. – Assault upon Jacob Sammons. – Caughnawaga Church. – Meeting at Cherry Valley. – John Johnson. – Attempted Removal of Mr. Kirkland. – Hostile Movements of the Johnsons. – Indian Councils. – Rev. Samuel Kirkland. – Alarm of the People of the Mohawk Valley. – Sir John Johnson and Highlanders. – Orders to General Schuyler. – Disarming of the Tories at Johnson Hall. – Perfidy of Sir John Johnson. – His Flight. – Royal Greens. – Repairs of Fort Stanwix. – Brant at Oghkwaga. – His hostile Movements. – Expeditions of Herkimer and of Colonel Harper. – Conference with Brant. – His Frankness. – Herkimer’s precautionary Measures. – Haughty Bearing of Brant. – Breaking up of the Council. – Grand Council at Oswego. – Seduction of the Indians. – Their Coalescence with the Whites.

XI.

Indian Battle-ground. – Fort Schuyler. – Colonel Peter Gansevoort. – A Spy’s Intelligence. – Rumored Preparations for an Invasion. – Effect on the Whigs. – Approach of St. Leger. – Investiture of Fort Schuyler. – A curious Flag. – Arrival of St. Leger. – His pompous Manifesto. – Siege of Fort Schuyler. – Operations of the Indians. – Visit to the Oriskany Battle-ground. – General Herkimer and the Militia. – Herkimer’s Advance to Oriskany. – Sortie from Fort Schuyler, under Colonel Willett. – Biographical Sketch of Willett. – Dispersion of Johnson’s Camp. – Capture of Stores and other Valuables. – View and Description of the Oriskany Battle-ground. – Indian Ambush. – Surprise of Herkimer and his Troops. – The General wounded. – His Coolness. – Desperate Battle. – Intermission in the Battle. – Its Resumption. – Unsuccessful Stratagem of Colonel Butler. – The Enemy routed. – Mutual Losses. – True Aim of History. – Capture of Billenger and Frey. – St. Leger’s Messengers. – Their Threats, Persuasions, and Falsehoods. – Reply of Colonel Willett to St. Leger’s Messengers. – St. Leger’s written Demand of Surrender. – Gansevoort’s Reply. – A Tory Address. – Continuation of the Siege. – Adventure of Willett and Stockwell. – Gansevoort’s Resolution. – Hon-Yost Schuyler. – His successful Mission to St. Leger’s Camp. – Arnold’s Proclamation. – Alarm of the Indians. – Flight of St. Leger’s Forces to Oswego. – The Spoils. – Amusement of the Indians. – End of the Siege. – Captain Gregg. – Return to Oriskany. – Whitesborough. – Utica. – Little Falls. – Visit to the German Flats. – Origin of the Name. – Stone Church, German Flats. – Its Pulpit. – The two Pastors. – Fort Herkimer, or Dayton. – Plan of Fort Herkimer. – Destruction of Andrustown. – Expedition against the German Flats. – Destruction of the Settlement. – Incursion of the Oneidas into the Unadilla Settlement. – Damage to the Tories. – Brant, or Thayendanegea. – Return to Little Falls. – Cole’s Pictures. – Scenery at Little Falls. – Evidences of a great Cataract. – Remarkable Cavity. – Gulf below Little Falls. – The Erie Canal. – Greatness of the Work. – An Indian Legend. – View of Little Falls. – First Settlement. – Night Attack upon the Settlement. – Escape of Cox and Skinner. – Ride to Danube. – Herkimer’s Residence. – His Family Burial-ground. – Public Neglect of the Grave. – Its Location. – Incidents of Herkimer’s Death. – Castle Church. – Residence and Farm of Brant. – Fort Plain. – Plan of the Fortification. – Fort Plain Block-house. – Trial of its Strength. – Invasion of the Settlement. – True Location of Fort Plain. – A Female’s Presence of Mind. – Burning of the Church. – Indians deceived. – Tardiness of Colonel Wemple.

XII.

Aspect of Affairs in Tryon County. – The Western Indians. – Girty and his Associates. – Fidelity of White Eyes. – Council at Johnstown. – Disposition of the Different Nations. – Colonel Campbell and La Fayette. – Forts strengthened. – Settlers of Tryon County. – Destruction of Springfield. – M‘Kean and Brant. – Battle in the Schoharie Country. – Arrival of Regulars. – Escape of Walter Butler. – Treachery of Great Tree. – Butler and Brant march toward Cherry Valley. – Colonel Alden warned. – Capture of American Scouts. – Mr. Dunlap. – Mr. Mitchell. – Destruction of the Settlement. – Treatment of Prisoners. – Butler’s Stratagem and Brant’s Humanity. – Character of Walter Butler. – The Settlements menaced. – Expedition against the Onondagas. – Destruction of their Towns. – Alarm of the Oneidas. – Expedition against Oswegatchie. – Attack on Cobleskill. – Scalping Parties. – Preparations to invade the Indian Country. – General Sullivan, Commander-in-chief. – General James Clinton. – Capture of Hare and Newberry. – Information from General Schuyler. – Mr. Deane. – Damming of Otsego Lake. – Its Effects. – March of Sullivan’s Expedition. – Fortifications of the Enemy. – General Edward Hand. – The Battle. – The Effect of the Artillery. – Retreat of the Enemy. – Destruction of Catharinestown and other Villages and Plantations. – Approach to Genesee. – Council of the Indian Villages. – A Battle. – Capture and Torture of Lieutenant Boyd. – Destruction of Genesee and the surrounding Country. – Picture of the Desolation. – Name given to Washington. – Corn Planter. – Return of the invading Army. – A Celebration. – Arrival of the Expedition at Wyoming. – The Oneidas driven from Home. – Johnson’s Incursions into the Schoharie Country. – Attack on the Schoharie Forts. – Boldness of Murphy. – Johnson’s March to Fort Hunter. – Destruction of Property. – Expedition of General Van Rensselaer. – Death of Colonel Brown. – Pursuit of Johnson by Van Rensselaer. – Inaction of the latter. – Battle of Klock’s Field. – Capture of some Tories. – Pursuit of Johnson and Brant. – Conduct of Van Rensselaer. – Capture of Vrooman and his Party. – Threatened Invasion. – Gloomy Prospect in the Mohawk Country. – Patriotism of Colonel Willett. – His Command of the Tryon County Militia.

XIII.

Changes in the Mohawk Country. – Present Aspect of the Mohawk Valley. – Fultonville. – Fonda. – Caughnawaga. – John Butler’s Residence. – Johnstown. – An Octogenarian. – Biography of Butler. – Johnson Hall. – Its Stair-case and Brant’s Hatchet Marks. – Progress of Western New York. – Only Baronial Hall in the United States. – Sir William Johnson and his Wives. – The Dutch Girl. – Molly Brant. – Sir William Johnson’s Diploma. – His Amusements and sudden Death. – Flight of Sir John. – His Invasion of the Valley in 1780. – Capture of the Sammons Family. – Cruelties and Crimes of the Invaders. – Johnson’s Retreat. – Recovery of his Negro and Plate. – Pursuit of Johnson. – Incursion of Ross and Butler. – Action of Willett. – Battle at Johnstown. – Adventures of the Sammonses. – Retreat of Ross and Butler. – Fight on West Canada Creek. – Death of Walter Butler. – Last Battle near the Mohawk. – Return to Fultonville. – The Sammons House. – Local Historians. – The departed Heroes. – The Kane House. – Dutch Magistrate and Yankee Peddler. – Currytown. – Jacob Dievendorff. – Indian Method of Scalping. – Attack on Currytown. – The Captives. – Expedition under Captain Gross. – Battle at New Dorlach, now Sharon Springs. – Death of Captain M‘Kean. – The Currytown Prisoners. – Dievendorff. – Sharon Springs. – Analysis of the Waters. – Arrival at Cherry Valley. – Judge Campbell and his Residence. – His Captivity. – Movements of Brant. – Brant deceived by Boys. – Death of Lieutenant Wormwood. – Shrewdness of Sitz. – "Brant’s Rock." – Morning Scene near Cherry Valley. – Light. – Departure for Albany. – Woodworth’s Battle. – Descent of Tories upon "Shell’s Bush." – Shell’s Block-house. – Capture of M‘Donald. – Luther’s Hymn. – Death of Shell and his Son. – Cessation of Hostilities. – Departure from Fort Plain. – Albany. – Hendrick Hudson. – Early History of Albany. – Fort Orange. – First Stone House. – The Church. – The Portrait of Hudson. – Kalm’s Description of Albany. – Its Incorporation. – Destruction of Schenectady. – Colonial Convention. – Walter Wilie. – Proceedings of the Colonial Convention. – Names of the Delegates. – Plan of Union submitted by Franklin. – Early Patriotism of Massachusetts. – Albany in the Revolution. – General Schuyler’s Mansion. – Return to New York.

XIV.

Departure for Wyoming. – Newark and its Associations. – The old Academy. – Trip to Morristown. – Arrival at Morristown. – Kimble’s Mountain. – Fort Nonsense. – September Sunset. – The "Head-quarters." – Spirit and Condition of the Continental Army. – Place of Encampment. – Free-masonry. – Inoculation of the Army. – Jenner. – Proclamation of the Brothers Howe. – Disappointment of the People. – Washington’s counter Proclamation. – Opposition to Washington’s Policy. – His Independence and Sagacity. – Good Effect of his Proclamation. – Winter Encampment at Morristown. – The Life-guard and their Duties. – Pulaski and his Cavalry. – Effect of Alarum Guns. – Sufferings and Fortitude of the Army. – Sterling’s Secret Expedition. – Extreme Cold. – Chevalier Luzerne. – Death of Miralles. – Mutiny at Morristown. – Excuses for the Movement. – Injustice toward the Soldiers. – Policy and Success of Wayne. – Final Adjustment of Difficulties. – Emissaries of Sir Henry Clinton. – Patriotism of the Mutineers. – Fate of the Emissaries. – Mutiny of the New Jersey Line. – Prompt Action of Washington. – Success of Howe. – Illustrations of Washington’s Character. – Prohibition of Gambling. – Washington’s religious Toleration. – Anecdote of Colonel Hamilton. – Room occupied by Washington. – View of an Eclipse of the Moon. – Reflections. – Finances of the Revolutionary Government. – Emission of Bills of Credit. – Continental Paper Money. – Form of the Bills. – Devices and Mottoes. – Paul Revere and cotemporary Engravers. – New Emissions of Continental Bills. – Plans for Redemption. – Counterfeits issued by the Tories. – First coined Money. – Depreciation of the Paper Money. – Confusion in Trade. – Foreign and Domestic Debt. – Specie Value of the Bills. – Unjust Financial Law. – Washington’s Deprecation of it. – Hopes of the Tories. – Cipher Writing of the Loyalists. – Charge against General Greene. – Excitement throughout the Country. – Riot in Philadelphia. – Convention at Hartford. – Battle-ground at Springfield. – Invasion by General Knyphausen. – Clinton’s Designs. – Plan of the Springfield Battle. – Washington deceived by Clinton. – Second Invasion under Knyphausen. – Disposition of opposing Troops. – The Battle. – Partial Retreat of the Americans. – Burning of Springfield. – Retreat of the Enemy. – Colonel Barber. – Connecticut Farms. – Murder of Mrs. Caldwell. – Her Murderer identified. – Timothy Meeker and his Sons. – His Idea of a Standing Army. – Burial-ground at Elizabethtown. – Caldwell’s Monument. – Dickinson’s Tomb. – Boudinot’s Vault. – Death of Mr. Caldwell. – Execution of his Murderer. – Mr. Caldwell’s Funeral. – His Orphan Family. – Old Elizabethport. – Ancient Tavern and Wharf. – Fortification of the Point. – Naval Expedition. – Franklin Stove. – Capture of a Provision Ship. – Privateering. – "London Trading." – "Liberty Hall." – Designs against Governor Livingston. – Scenes at "Liberty Hall." – Spirit of Governor Livingston’s Daughters. – Sketch of the Life of Livingston. – Arrival at Middlebrook. – Place of the Encampment of the American Army. – Howe’s Stratagem. – Skirmishes. – Clinton’s Operations in New Jersey. – Disposition of the American Forces. – Encampment at Middlebrook. – Pluckemin. – Steuben’s Head-quarters. – Recollections of Mrs. Doty. – Visit to the Camp-ground. – "Washington’s Rock." – View from it. – View from Washington’s Rock. – Another similar Rock at Plainfield. – Celebration at Pluckemin in 1779. – Incident at Pluckemin. – Departure from Middlebrook. – Somerville. – Incidents by the Way. – Arrival at Easton. – Sullivan’s Expedition. – Indian Council. – Whitefield and Brainerd.

XV.

Departure for Wyoming. – Nazareth. – Its Origin. – A chilling Mist. – Nap in the Coach. – Passage through the Wind-gap. – The great Walk. – Roscommon Tavern. – An Office-hunter. – Ascent of the Pocono. – The Mountain Scenery. – Solitude of the Region. – A Soldier Coachman. – First View of Wyoming. – A charming Landscape. – Arrival at Wilkesbarre. – Charles Minor, Esq. – His Picture of old Wyoming. – Ancient Beauty and Fertility of Wyoming. – Campbell’s "Gertrude of Wyoming." – Its Errors. – First Tribes in the Valley. – Count Zinzendorf. – Jealousy of the Indians. – Attempt to murder him. – Providential Circumstance. – Toby’s Eddy. – Zinzendorf’s Camp-ground. – Alienation of the Indians. – Gnadenhutten. – The Susquehanna Company. – Purchase of Wyoming. – The Delaware Company. – Opposition of Pennsylvanians. – Death of Teedyuscung. – Hostilities between the "Yankees" and "Pennymites." – Erection of Forts. – Capture of Durkee. – Surrender of Ogden. – Treatment of Ogden. – Another Attack on the Yankees. – Capture of Fort Durkee. – Pennymites Expelled. – New Fortifications. – Close of the Civil War. – Organization of a Government. – Effort to adjust Difficulties. – "Lawyers and Bull-frogs." – Peace and Prosperity of Wyoming. – Renewal of Hostilities. – Action of Congress. – Expedition of Plunkett. – The Colonies before the Revolution. – Indian Outrage. – Indian Speech. – Colonel Butler deceived. – Strangers in Wyoming. – Suspicions of the People. – The Wintermoots. – Erection of a Fort. – Counteraction of the old Settlers. – Affair on the Millstone River. – Alarm in Wyoming. – Condition of the Settlement. – Apathy of Congress. – Patriotism of Wyoming Women. – Approach of Indians and Tories. – Preparations for Defense. – Council of War. – Position of the Wyoming Forts. – Decision of the Wyoming People. – Preparations for Battle. – Forces of the Enemy. – Campbell’s Injustice toward Brant. – Disposition of the Belligerents for Battle. – Speech of Colonel Zebulon Butler. – The Attack. – Colonel Zebulon Butler. – Battle of Wyoming. – Denison’s Order mistaken. – Retreat of the Americans. – Scene at Monocasy Island. – Escape of Colonels Butler and Denison. – Cruelties of the Indians. – Scene at "Queen Esther’s Rock." – Queen Esther. – Cruelties of Queen Esther. – Scenes at Forty Fort. – Negotiations for a Surrender. – Escape of Colonel Zebulon Butler. – Surrender of the Fort. – Treaty Table. – Conduct of the Tories. – Bad Faith of the Indians. – The Treaty. – Flight of the People over the Pocono. – Incidents of the Flight. – Providential Aid of Mr. Hollenback. – Preservation of Papers. – Picture of the Flight. – Story of the Fugitives published at Poughkeepsie. – Errors of History. – Bad Faith of the Invaders. – Departure of the Invaders from the Valley. – Indian Cruelties. – Arrival of Succor. – Expedition against the Indians. – Return of Settlers. – Continued Alarm. – Murder of Mr. Slocum. – Sullivan’s Expedition. – Situation of Wyoming.

XVI.

Present Scenery in Wyoming. – Allusion to Campbell’s Farm. – Visit to Kingston and Forty Fort. – The "Treaty Table" at Forty Fort. – Site of the Fort. – Visit to the Monument. – Inscription upon it. – Efforts to erect the Wyoming Monument. – Success of the Ladies. – Incidents of the Battle. – The Inman Family. – Residence and Grave of Colonel Zebulon Butler. – Mr. Slocum and his Family History. – Abduction of his Sister. – Mrs. Slocum’s Presentiments. – A Foundling. – Disappointment. – Singular Discovery of the "lost Sister." – Interview between the "lost Sister" and her white Kindred. – Her Narrative. – Her Condition. – Children and Grandchildren. – A Sabbath in Wyoming. – Visit to Mrs. Myers. – Incidents of her Life. – Escape of her Father and Brother from Indians. – Revival of Civil War in Wyoming. – Decree of Trenton. – Its Effect. – Injustice toward the "Yankees." – Inaction of Congress. – Great Deluge in Wyoming. – Danger and Distress of the Inhabitants. – Reappearance of the Soldiers. – Renewal of Hostilities. – Armstrong’s Expedition. – Stratagem. – Change in Public Sentiment. – The Censors. – Appeal for Relief. – Luzerne. – Timothy Pickering in Wyoming. – Organization of the County. – Memoir of Pickering. – New Difficulties in Wyoming. – John Franklin. – Arrest of Franklin. – Ethan Allen. – Pickering’s Escape to Philadelphia. – His Return. – Abduction and Treatment. – Wyoming quieted. – Departure from Wyoming. – A Yankee Lumberman. – Carbondale. – The Coal Mines. – Fatal Accident. – Heroic Benevolence of Mr. Bryden. – Escape of Mr. Hosea. – Effects of the Concussion. – Entrance and Exploration of the Mine. – Interior Appearance. – Fossils. – Ascent from the Mine. – Night Ride. – A Grumbler. – Change in the Coal Region. – A Coach Load. – Result of Politeness. – Bad Coach and Driver. – Milford. – The Sawkill. – Delaware River and Valley. – Port Jervis. – The Neversink Valley. – Shawangunk Mountains. – Orange and Rockland.

XVII.

Poughkeepsie. – Origin of its Name. – Condition of the State in 1777. – Meeting of the Legislature at Kingston and Poughkeepsie. – State Convention. – Federal Constitution. – Ann Lee. – Huddlestone. – State Convention at Poughkeepsie. – Patriot Pledge. – Federal Constitution. – The Federalist. – The Livingston Mansion. – Henry A. Livingston, Esq. – Kingston, or Esopus. – Its Dutch Name. – Early Settlement at Kingston. – Indian Troubles. – The Huguenots. – Formation of the State Constitution. – Completion and Adoption of the Constitution. – Its Character. – Subsequent Constitutions. – Effects of a Mixture of Races. – Marauding Expedition up the Hudson. – Landing at Kingston. – Burning of the Town. – Rhinebeck Flats. – Livingston’s Manor. – An Advantage thrown away. – Gates’s Letter. – Loyalists. – Rondout. – An Octogenarian. – Landing-places of the British. – A frightened Dutchman. – Departure for the North. – Ride to the Hoosick Valley. – Van Schaick’s Mills. – Place of the Bennington Battle-ground. – Baume’s Dispatch. – Foraging Expedition to Bennington. – Burgoyne’s Instructions. – Baume’s Indian Allies. – Skirmish near Cambridge. – Measure for defending New Hampshire. – Langdon’s Patriotism. – Raising of Troops. – General Stark. – Stark’s Refusal to accompany Lincoln. – Censure of Congress. – The Result. – Movements to oppose Baume. – Life of Stark. – Preparations for Battle. – Disposition of the Enemy’s Troops. – English Plans of Battles. – Errors, and Difficulties in Correction. – Skirmishing in the Rain. – The Hessian Encampment. – A bellicose Clergyman. – Stark’s Promise and Fulfillment. – Commencement of the Battle of Bennington. – Terror and Flight of the Indians. – Victory for the Americans. – Second Battle. – Pursuit of the Enemy. – Loss in the Battle. – Stark’s Popularity. – Visit to the Battle-ground. – Anecdotes. – View of the Walloomscoick Valley. – Incident while Sketching. – Insurrection in that Vicinity. – Its Suppression. – Stark and Governor Chittenden. – End of the Insurrection. – Ride to Troy. – The Housatonic Valley. – Danbury.

XVIII.

Tryon’s Expedition to Danbury. – Trumbull’s "M‘Fingal." – Life of the Author. – Landing of the British at Compo. – Object of the Expedition. – Rising of the Militia. – Character of the People. – Enemy’s March to Danbury. – Entrance into the Village. – Anecdotes of Holcomb and Hamilton. – Officers’ Head-quarters. – Imprudence of some Citizens. – Retaliation of the British. – Destruction of Stores and of the Village. – Estimated Damage. – Revolutionary Men. – Levi Osborn. – Joel Barlow. – The Sandemanians. – Obscurity of Wooster’s Grave. – Resolves of Congress. – A centenarian Loyalist. – Treatment by his Neighbors. – Tory Guides. – Night Ride toward Ridgefield. – Return to Danbury. – Ridgefield. – Military Movements. – The British attacked by Wooster. – Return Fire. – Death of Wooster. – Sketch of his Life. – Approach of Arnold. – Barricade at Ridgefield. – Bravery of Arnold. – Narrow Escape. – March to Compo. – Skirmishes. – Erskine’s Maneuver. – The Connecticut Militia. – Action of Congress concerning Arnold. – Place where Wooster fell. – Relic of the Revolution. – Reading. – Threatened Mutiny there. – Putnam’s Speech. – Putnam at Greenwich. – Tryon’s Expedition to Horseneck. – Skirmish at Greenwich. – Defeat of the Americans. – Escape of Putnam. – Putnam’s Hill. – Its present Appearance. – Norwalk. – Fitch’s Point. – Landing of Tryon at Norwalk. – Destruction of the Village. – Conduct of Tryon. – Scenes at Darien Church. – Visit to Gregory’s Point. – The Cow Pasture. – Ancient Regulations. – Grummon’s Hill. – Nathaniel Raymond. – Time of Tryon’s Landing. – Departure from Norwalk. – New England Villages. – The Green at Fairfield. – Pequots. – Destruction of the Pequots. – Greenfield Hill. – Dwight’s Poem. – Journey to New Haven. – A Stroll to East Rock. – East Rock. – View from its Summit. – Quinnipiack. – Settlement of New Haven. – Organic Law of the New Haven Colony. – The "Regicides." – The Concealment. – Friendship of Davenport. – Narrow Escape. – Goffe at Hadley. – Colonel Dixwell. – Tomb-stones of the Regicides. – Stamp Act Proceedings. – Treatment of the Stamp-master. – Joy on the Repeal of the Act. – Patriotism of the People. – Boldness of Benedict Arnold. – March of Arnold and his Company to Cambridge. – Expedition under Tryon. – Landing of the Troops near New Haven. – Alarm in New Haven. – Bravery of the Militia. – Battle on Milford Hill. – West Bridge. – Death of Campbell. – Campbell’s Grave. – Entrance of the Enemy into New Haven. – Dr. Daggett and his Treatment. – Landing of Tryon. – Conduct of the Enemy. – People on East Rock. – Evacuation by the British. – Destruction of Fairfield. – Dwight’s Account of the Destruction of Fairfield. – Tryon’s Apology. – Extent of the Destruction. – The Buckley House. – Treatment of Mrs. Buckley. – Interference of General Silliman. – Humphrey’s Elegy on the Burning of Fairfield. – Tryon’s Retreat from Fairfield. – Journey resumed. – Return to New Haven. – Visit to West Bridge and other Localities. – The Cemetery. – Humphrey’s Monument. – The Grave of Arnold’s Wife. – Her Character. – Colonel Humphreys. – Arnold’s Disaffection. – Dr. Eneas Munson. – Death of Colonel Scammell. – His Epitaph by Humphreys. – Nathan Beers. – Yale College. – Its political Character in the Revolution. – A Tory Student.

XIX.

New England and its Associations. – Arrival at Hartford. – Continuation of the Storm. – First Settlement at Hartford. – First Meeting-house in Connecticut. – Government organized. – Union of New England Colonies. – Conjunction of New Haven and Connecticut Colonies. – James II. – Quo Warranto. – Governor Andross. – The "Charter Oak." – Concealment of the Charter. – Expulsion of Andross. – Accident at Hartford. – Washington’s Conference with Rochambeau. – Conference at the Webb House. – Its Object. – Junction of the allied Armies. – Attempt on New York. – Windsor. – Connecticut Historical Society. – Dr. Robbins’s Library. – Brewster’s Chest. – The Pilgrim Covenant. – Names of the Pilgrims. – Hand-writing of the Pilgrims. – Robinson’s short Sword. – Ancient Chair. – Putnam’s Tavern Sign. – Other interesting Relics. – The Connecticut Charter. – Ride to Wethersfield. – Arrival at Boston. – The May Flower. – Rise of the Puritans. – Bishops Hooper and Rogers. – Henry VIII. – Elizabeth. – Puritan Boldness. – Position of Elizabeth. – The Separatists. – Puritans in Parliament. – James I. – Robinson. – Character of the Puritan Pilgrims. – Preparations to sail for America. – Departure from Delfthaven. – The May Flower. – Exploration of the Coast. – Attacked by Indians. – First Sabbath of the Pilgrims in New England. – Landing on Plymouth Rock. – Founding of Plymouth. – Destitution and Sickness. – Death of Carver. – Election of Bradford. – Defiance of the Indians. – Condition of the Colony. – Further Emigration from England. – Winslow. – Standish. – Settlement of Weymouth. – Shawmut. – Settlement of Endicott and others at Salem. – Arrival of Winthrop. – Founding of Boston. – Progress of free Principles. – The Puritan Character. – Witchcraft. – English Laws on the Subject. – The Delusion in New England. – Effects of the Delusion. – Religious Character of the Puritans. – Mildness of their Laws. – The representative System. – Influx of Immigrants. – Trade of the Colony. – First coined Money. – Marriage of the Mint-master’s Daughter. – The Quakers’ Conduct and Punishment. – Origin of the Quakers. – Their Peculiarities. – Sufferings in America of those calling themselves Quakers. – Arrival of Andross. – His Extortions. – Revolution in England. – Government of Massachusetts. – Hostilities with the French. – First American Paper money. – Prowess of Colonial Troops. – The French and Indian War. – The Revolutionary Era. – First Step toward Absolutism. – Democratic Colonies. – Board of Trade. – Courts of Vice-admiralty. – Commercial Restrictions. – First Act of Oppression. – Colonial Claims to the Right of Representation. – The Right acknowledged. – Governor Burnet. – Wisdom of Robert Walpole. – Restraining Acts. – Loyalty and Patriotism of the Colonies. – Heavy voluntary Taxation. – Designs of the British Ministry. – Expenditures of the British Government on Account of America. – Accession of George III.

XX.

Death of George II. announced to his Heir. – Influence of the Earl of Bute. – Cool Treatment of Mr. Pitt. – Character of Bute. – His Influence over the King. – Discontents. – Resignation of Pitt. – Secret Agents sent to America. – Writs of Assistance. – Opposition. – James Otis. – Episcopacy designed for America. – Enforcement of Revenue Laws. – Resignation of Bute. – Grenville Prime Minister. – Opposition to Episcopacy. – The Stamp Act proposed. – Right to tax the Americans asserted. – Stamp Act not new. – Postponement of Action on it. – Opposition to Taxation by the Colonies. – Instructions to their Agents. – The Stamp Act introduced in Parliament. – Townshend. – Barré’s Speech rebuking Townshend. – His Defense of the Americans. – Effect of his Speech. – Passage of the Stamp Act. – Excitement in America. – A Congress proposed. – The Circular Letter of Massachusetts. – Mrs. Mercy Warren. – Assembling of a Colonial Congress in New York. – Defection of Ruggles and Ogden. – The Proceedings. – Stamp-masters. – Franklin’s Advice to Ingersoll. – Arrival of the Stamps. – Patrick Henry’s Resolutions. – "Liberty Tree." – Effigies. – Riot in Boston. – Destruction of private Property. – Attack on Hutchinson’s House. – Destruction of "Liberty Tree." – Destruction of Governor Hutchinson’s Property. – Character of the Rioters in Boston. – "Constitutional Courant." – Proceedings in Boston in Relation to the Stamp Act. – Effigies burned. – Effect of the Stamp Act. – Non-importation Associations. – The Non-importation Agreements. – Rockingham made Prime Minister. – Apathy in Parliament. – Domestic Manufactures. – Meeting of Parliament. – Speeches of Pitt and Grenville. – Boldness of Pitt. – Proposition to repeal the Stamp Act. – Position of Lord Camden. – Repeal of the Stamp Act. – Causes that effected it. – Rejoicings in England and America. – Rejoicing in Boston. – Release of Prisoners for Debt. – Pyramid on the Common. – Poetic Inscriptions. – Hancock’s Liberality. – Liberality of Otis and others. – The Rejoicings clouded. – New Acts of Oppression. – Insolence of Public Officers. – Pitt created Lord Chatham. – Picture of his Cabinet by Burke. – New Scheme of Taxation. – Commissioners of Customs. – Fresh Excitement in the Colonies. – Increasing Importance of the Newspapers. – "Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer." – Honors to John Dickenson. – Massachusetts’s Circular Letter. – Boldness of Otis and Samuel Adams. – The "Rescinders." – Treatment of a Tide-waiter. – Seizure of the Sloop Liberty. – Excitement of the People. – Public Meeting in Boston. – Attempted Bribery of Patriots. – Soundness of their Principles. – Proposed Convention in Boston. – Organization of the Meeting. – Governor Bernard’s Proclamation. – Meeting of the Convention. – Arrival of Troops at Boston. – Origin of Yankee Doodle. – Landing of the Troops. – Imposing Military Display. – Exasperation of the People. – Non-importation Associations. – The Duke of Grafton. – The King’s Speech, and the Response. – Proposed Re-enactment of a Statute of Henry VIII. – Lord North. – Colonel Barré’s Warnings. – General Gage in Boston. – No Co-operation. – Dissolution of Assemblies. – Bernard. – Departure of Governor Bernard for England. – Effect of the Non-importation Agreements. – Hillsborough’s Circular Letter.

XXI.

Secret Workings of the Spirit of Liberty. – Brief Review. – Alternative of the Colonies. – The Newspaper Press. – Bickerstaff’s Boston Almanac. – Explanation of its Frontispiece. – Revival of the Terms "Whig" and "Tory." – Abuse of Mr. Otis. – Massachusetts Song of Liberty. – Evasion of the Non-importation Agreements. – Tea proscribed. – Spirit of the Women. – Spirit of the Boys. – Fracas at the Door of a Merchant. – Death of a Boy. – Its Effect on the Public Mind. – Pardon of the Murderer. – Riot in Boston. – Attack of the Mob upon the Soldiers. – Discharge of Musketry. – Three of the Citizens killed. – Terrible Excitement in Boston. – Delegation of Patriots before the Governor. – Boldness of the second Committee. – Concessions. – Removal of the Troops. – Defense of the Soldiers by Adams. – Result of the Trial. – New Ministerial Proposition. – Its Effects upon the Colonies. – James Otis. – The Boston Patriots. – Hutchinson made Governor. – His asserted Independence of the Assemblies. – Further Agitation in Boston. – Committees of Correspondence. – Letters of Hutchinson and others. – Petition for their Removal. – Franklin before the Privy Council. – Wedderburne’s Abuse. – Franklin’s Vow. – New Taxation Scheme. – East India Company. – Tea Ships sail for America. – Preparation for their Reception at Boston. – Treatment of the Consignees. – Hand-bills and Placards. – Arrival of Tea Ships. – Proceedings in Boston. – Monster Meeting at the "Old South." – Speech of Josiah Quincy. – Close of Quincy’s Speech. – Breaking up of the Meeting. – Destruction of Tea in the Harbor. – Apathy of Government Officials. – East India Company the only Losers. – Quiet in Boston. – A Smuggler punished. – Names of Members of the "Tea Party." – Age of Mr. Kinnison. – Events of his Life. – Escape from Wounds during the Wars. – Subsequent personal Injuries. – No Knowledge of his Children. – His Person and Circumstances. – Speech at a "Free Soil" Meeting. – G. R. T. Hewes. – Character and Patriotism of Hewes. – His Death. – Excitement in Parliament in Consequence of the Boston Tea Riot. – The Boston Port Bill proposed and adopted. – Debates in Parliament. – Apparent Defection of Conway and Barré. – Burke. – Opposition in Parliament to the Boston Port Bill. – Passage of the Bill. – Goldsmith’s "Retaliation." – Epitaph for Burke. – Other oppressive Acts of Parliament. – Madness of Ministers. – Warnings of the Opposition unheeded. – The "Quebec Act." – Proceedings in Massachusetts on Account of the Port Bill. – Recall of Hutchinson. – Division of Sentiment. – Quebec Act. – Arrival of General Gage in Boston. – Meeting in Faneuil Hall. – Excitement among the People. – Newspaper Devices. – Real Weakness of the British Ministry. – Newspaper Poetry. – The Snake Device.

XXII.

General Gage at Boston. – Proceedings of the Massachusetts Assembly. – Proposition for a General Congress. – Boldness of the Patriots. – Attempt to Dissolve the Assembly. – The "League." – Appointment of Delegates to a Continental Congress. – Denunciation of the "League." – Closing of the Port of Boston. – Peaceable Resistance of the People. – Preparations for War. – Recantation of the Hutchinson Addressors. – Spirit of the American Press. – Zeal of the Committees of Correspondence. – Their importance. – Fortification of Boston Neck. – Attempted Seizure of Arms and Ammunition at Cambridge. – Alarm concerning Boston. – Convention in Boston. – Revolutionary Town Meetings. – Order for Convening the Assembly countermanded. – Meeting of the Assembly. – Appointment of Committees of Safety and Supplies. – Appointment of military Officers. – Spiking of Cannons. – Efforts of Franklin and others. – Counteraction by Adam Smith and others. – Proceedings in Parliament. – Appearance of Pitt in Parliament. – His Speech on American Affairs. – His conciliatory Proposition. – Virtual Declaration of War against the Colonies. – Warm Debates in Parliament. – Chatham and Franklin. – Gibbon and Fox. – John Wilkes in Parliament. – His Character and Career. – Bill for destroying the New England Fisheries. – A conciliatory Bill. – Singular Position of Lord North. – His Triumph. – Action of the London Merchants. – The moral Spectacle in the Colonies. – Carrying Ammunition out of the City. – Detection. – Hostile Movements of Gage. – Counteraction of the Whigs. – British Expedition to Concord. – Its Discovery by the Americans. – Lexington aroused. – Midnight March of the Enemy. – The British Troops and Minute Men at Lexington. – Conduct of Major Pitcairn. – Battle on Lexington Common. – The Concord People aroused. – Assembling of the Militia. – Concord taken Possession of by the Enemy. – Colonel Barrett. – Destruction of Property in Concord. – Rapid Augmentation of the Militia. – Preparations for Battle. – March toward the Bridge. – Battle at Concord Bridge. – Retreat of the British to the Village. – The Scalping Story explained. – Retreat of the Enemy from Concord. – Their Annoyance on the Road by the Militia. – Re-enforcement from Boston. – Junction of the Troops of Percy and Smith. – Their harassed Retreat to Charlestown. – Skirmish at West Cambridge. – British Encampment on Bunker Hill. – Quiet the next Day. – General Effect of these Skirmishes. – Unity of the American People. – Massachusetts Provincial Congress. – Accounts of the Battles sent to England. – Excitement in London. – Government Lampooned. – List of the Names of the first Martyrs.

XXIII.

Preparations for Raising an Army in Massachusetts. – Zeal of the Committee of Safety. – Circular of the Provincial Congress. – Army collected at Boston. – Organization of the Troops. – Preparations to Besiege the City. – Issue of Paper Money. – Gage’s Restrictions. – Gloomy Prospects of the People of Boston. – Arrangements with the Selectmen. – Perfidy of Gage. – Benevolence of the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts. – Efforts of other Colonies. – Organization of the Army. – Increase of British Troops in Boston. – Arrival of experienced Officers. – Operations in the Vicinity. – American Military Works. – Disposition of the American Troops. – Preparations for Blockading Boston. – Charlestown and adjacent Grounds. – Night March to Bunker and Breed’s Hill. – A Fortification planned on Bunker Hill. – British Vessels in Boston Harbor. – Construction of the Redoubt on Breed’s Hill. – Discovery of the Works by the Enemy. – Surprise of the People of Boston. – Cowardice of the Tories. – Crossing of a British Force from Boston to Charlestown. – Bravery of Prescott. – New England Flag. – Excitement in Cambridge. – Re-enforcements for both Parties. – Sufferings of the Provincials. – Warren and Pomeroy. – March of the British toward the Redoubt. – Position of the American Troops. – Cannonade of the Redoubt. – The British Artillery. – Silence of the Americans. – Terrible Volleys from the Redoubt. – Flight of the Enemy. – Burning of Charlestown. – Second Repulse of the British. – Re-enforced by Clinton. – Ammunition of the Americans exhausted. – Death of Colonel Gardner. – Third Attack of the British. – Storming of the Redoubt. – Death of Warren and Pitcairn. – Confusion of the Americans. – Efforts of Putnam to Rally them. – Cessation of the Battle. – The Loss. – Spectators of the Battle. – Reflections on the Battle. – Burgoyne’s Opinion of the Conflict. – The Character of Warren. – The Energy, Boldness, and Patriotism of Warren. – Masonic Honors to his Memory. – The old Monument on Breed’s Hill. – Character of the Troops engaged in the Battle on Breed’s Hill. – Monument to Warren ordered by Congress.

XXIV.

Boston Common. – Trip to Concord. – Major Barrett. – His Connection with the Revolution. – Concealment of Stores at Concord. – Concord Monument. – The Village. – Ride to Lexington. – The Lexington Monument. – The "Clark House" and its Associations. – Tradition of the Surprise. – Abijah Harrington. – Incidents of the Battle at Lexington. – Jonathan Harrington and his Brother. – Anniversary Celebration at Concord in 1850. – Ride to Cambridge. – Early History of the Town. – Washington’s Head-quarters. – Description of Washington’s Head-quarters at Cambridge. – Phillis, the black Poet. – Washington’s Letter to Phillis. – The "Riedesel House." – Description of the Place by Baroness Riedesel. – Attestation of the genuineness of Phillis’s Poetry. – Autograph of Riedesel. – The "Washington Elm." – Bunker Hill Monument. – Desecration of the Spot. – Description of Bunker Hill Monument. – View from its Chamber. – Its Construction and Dedication. – "Hancock" and "Adams." – View from Bunker Hill Monument. – The Past and the Present. – Dorchester Heights. – Condition of the Fortifications. – Mementoes of John Hancock. – The State House. – Chantrey's Washington. – Copp's Hill. – The Mather Tomb. – Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society. – Colonial and other Relics. – Departure from Boston. – Appointment of a Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. – Washington’s acceptance of the Office. – His Modesty. – Departure of Washington for the Camp. – Reception at New York, Watertown, and Cambridge. – Takes Command of the Army. – Council of War. – Character of the Army. – Punishments. – Riflemen. – Number of Troops in the Field. – A model Order. – Arrangement of the Army. – Location of the several Divisions. – Officers of the same. – General Joseph Spencer. – Relative Position of the belligerent Armies. – American Fortifications. – Emerson’s Picture of the Camp. – Action of Congress. – Treason of Dr. Church. – The New England Colonies. – Franklin’s Post-office Book. – The belligerent Armies at Boston. – Skirmishes and other hostile Movements. – Naval Operations on the Coast. – Navy Boards. – Capture of Ammunition. – Attempt to seize Manly. – Repulse of Linzee. – Scarcity of Powder. – Expected Sortie. – Fortifications on Plowed Hill. – Heavy Bombardment. – Condition of Troops and People in Boston. – American Hand-bills in the British Camp. – Opinions concerning the Provincials. – Plan for relieving Boston. – Council of War. – Situation of the Army. – Washington’s Complaints. – Gage recalled. – His Life and Character. – Loyal Address to Gage. – Superiority of Howe. – Fortifications in Boston. – The "Old South" described. – Officers frightened. – Harsh Measures, and Retaliation. – Congress Committee at Head-quarters. – Little Navy organized. – Floating Batteries. – Vessels of War authorized by Congress. – Letters of Marque and Reprisal. – Condition of the Army before Boston.

XXV.

First unfurling of the Union flag. – Return of Colonel Knox, with heavy artillery. – Plan of Attack on Boston. – Re-enforcement of the Army. – Council of War. – Number of the Troops. – Situation of Washington. – Condition of the British Troops in Boston. – A Farce and its Termination. – Bombardment of Boston. – Industry of the Patriots. – Astonishment of the British. – Insecurity of the Fleet and Army. – Preparations for Bombarding Boston. – Condition of the Patriots in Boston. – Tacit Agreement to spare the Town. – Cannonade renewed. – Commission to plunder. – Bad Conduct of the British Troops. – The Embarkation. – Entrance of the Americans into the City. – The Refugees. – Condition of Boston after the Evacuation. – Troops sent to New York. – Lingering of British Vessels. – Final Departure. – Capture of Campbell and Store-ships. – Effect of the Evacuation of Boston. – Medal awarded to Washington. – Denunciations by John Wilkes. – The King teased. – Boldness of the Common Council. – Governor Penn. – John Horne Tooke. – Strength of the Americans. – Political Change in the London Common Council. – Persecution of Stephen Sayre. – Tenor of the King’s Speech. – His false Hopes. – Warm Debates in Parliament. – Duke of Grafton in opposition. – The Colonies placed under Martial Law. – Augmentation of the Army and Navy. – Proposition to employ foreign Troops. – Reasons for employing German Troops. – Opposition to it in Parliament. – Terms on which the Mercenaries were hired. – Parliament alarmed by a Rumor. – French Emissary in Philadelphia. – Official Announcement of the Evacuation of Boston. – Royal Approval of Howe’s Course. – Opinions of the People. – Position of the Colonies. – Count Rumford. – Fortifications. – Boston Harbor. – Remains of the Revolutionary Fortifications around Boston. – The "Convention Troops." – Their Parole of Honor. – Picture of the Captives. – Burgoyne in Boston. – Expedition against Penobscot. – Its Failure. – General Phillips. – General Wadsworth. – Close of the Chronicles of Boston.

XXVI.

Departure from Boston. – Scenery on the Route. – Cochituate. – The Quinebaug. – Traditions of the Mashapaug. – Arrival at Norwich. – A literary Friend. – Indian History of Norwich. – Uncas and Miantonomoh. – Surrender of Miantonomoh to the English. – Unjust Decision. – Murder of Miantonomoh. – Settlement of New London. – Settlement of Norwich. – Mohegan Cemetery. – Uncas’s Monument. – Revolutionary Spirit. – Owaneko. – Norwich Liberty Tree. – Celebration under it. – Honors to John Wilkes. – Patriotic Town Meeting. – Benevolence of the People. – March of Militia to Boston. – General Huntington. – The French Officers. – Benjamin Huntington. – A precious Heir-loom. – The Road to Lebanon. – Bozrah and Fitchville. – Situation of Lebanon. – Governor Trumbull. – Character and Services of Governor Trumbull. – His Dwelling and War Office. – Settlement of Lebanon. – Lauzun. – The Alden Tavern. – General Prescott horsewhipped there. – The Williams House. – The Trumbull Vault. – Return to Norwich. – Destruction of the Yantic Falls. – Birth-place of Arnold. – Inscription upon the Trumbull Monument. – Arnold’s early Years. – Attempt to commit Murder. – A Ringleader in Mischief. – His Mother. – Scorching Acrostic. – Residence of Governor Huntington. – Unpublished Letter written by Washington. – Family Vault of Governor Huntington. – Tomb of General Jabez Huntington. – His five Sons. – The old Burying-ground. – Captain Perkins. – Old Men of Norwich. – Greenville. – Tory Hill. – Letter of General Williams. – New London. – Its Settlement. – Fortifications. – The Harbor. – Revolutionary Movements. – Forts Griswold and Trumbull. – Prizes. – Clinton’s Designs. – Arnold’s Expedition. – Naval Force of Connecticut. – Landing of the Enemy. – March toward New London. – Destruction of the Town. – Property destroyed. – "Fire Lands." – Infamy of Arnold. – Attack on Fort Griswold. – Its Defense and Capture. – Murder of Colonel Ledyard. – Cruelties at Fort Griswold. – Fanny Ledyard. – Departure of the Enemy. – Events in 1813. – Arnold’s Dispatches. – The Groton Monument. – Inscription upon it. – Ascent of its Stair-case. – View from the Top. – A retrospect. – The Pequots. – English Expedition against them. – Attack on their Fort. – Pequot Hill. – Destruction of the Fort. – Terrible Massacre. – Departure of the English. – Another Invasion. – Destruction of the Pequots. – Mrs. Anna Bailey. – Her Husband at Fort Griswold. – Her Mementoes and her Politics. – Mrs. Bailey’s Patriotism. – Landing-place of Arnold. – Bishop Seabury’s Monument. – First Printing in Connecticut.

XXVII.

Voyage to Rhode Island. – Stonington. – Arrival at Providence. – Roger Williams’s Rock. – "Water Lots." – Proposed Desecration. – Arrival of Roger Williams. – His Character. – Narrow Views of the old Puritans. – Zeal of Roger Williams. – Disturbance at Salem. – Williams arraigned for Treason. – Banishment of Roger Williams. – Flight to the Seekonk. – Landing at Providence. – Commencement of a Settlement. – Williams’s Negotiations with the Indians. – Ingratitude of the Massachusetts Colony. – March of the French Army to Providence. – The French Troops at Providence. – Site of the Encampment. – Remains. – Departure of the French from Boston. – Governor Cooke’s Monument. – La Fayette’s Head-quarters. – Roger Williams’s Spring. – Old Tavern in Providence. – Its Associations. – Destruction of Tea in Market Square. – Rhode Island Historical Society. – Valuable Manuscripts. – A telescopic Peep at the Moon and Stars. – Bryant’s "Song of the Stars." – Voyage to Gaspee Point. – The Gaspee. – Conduct of her Commander. – Sketch of Gaspee Point. – Governor Wanton. – Montague’s insolent Letter. – Wanton’s Rejoinder. – Captain Lindsey’s Packet chased by the Gaspee. – Grounding of the Gaspee. – Expedition against the Gaspee. – Her Destruction. – Efforts to discover the Incendiaries. – The Commissioners. – Return to Providence. – Visit to Mr. John Howland. – His military Career in the Revolution. – Departure for Newport. – Appearance of Rhode Island. – Old Tower at Newport. – Mansion of Governor Gibbs. – Old Tower at Newport. – Its former Appearance. – Attempt to destroy it. – Obscurity of its Origin. – First Wind-mill at Newport. – Inquiries respecting the Tower. – "Antiquitates Americana." – Inscription on Dighton Rock. – Prescott’s Head-quarters in Newport. – Old Cemetery. – Perry’s Monument. – Runic Inscriptions elsewhere. – ’Tonomy Hill. – Hubbard’s House and Mill. – Inscription on Perry’s Monument. – Oppression of the Whigs by Prescott. – View from ’Tonomy Hill. – Mrs. Hutchinson and Sir Henry Vane. – Persecution of Mrs. Hutchinson and her Friends. – Settlement of Rhode Island. – Its first Constitution. – Royal Charter. – Toleration in Rhode Island. – Separation and Reunion of the Plantations. – Newport. – Destruction of the Sloop Liberty. – Admiral Wallace in Narraganset Bay. – Disarming of the Tories. – Skirmish in the Harbor. – Engagement at Sea. – Continued Hostilities in Newport Harbor. – Privateers. – Arrival of a large British Force. – Conduct of the Enemy.

XXVIII.

Condition of Rhode Island in 1777. – Re-encampment of the British. – General Prescott. – His Character. – Bad Conduct of General Prescott. – Colonel Barton’s Plan for capturing him. – Biographical Sketch of Barton. – Expedition to capture Prescott. – Prescott’s Quarters. – A Sentinel deceived. – Names of Barton’s Men. – Entrance to Prescott’s Room. – Seizure of the General and his Aid-de-camp. – Barton rewarded by Congress. – Predatory Excursions. – French Fleet for America. – Count d’Estaing. – France and England. – Excitement in Parliament. – The King’s Speech. – Boldness of the Opposition. – The British and French Fleets. – Sandy Hook and Amboy Bay. – General Spencer’s Expedition against Rhode Island. – His Resignation. – French Fleet off Newport. – American Land Forces. – Destruction of British Vessels. – Landing of Americans on Rhode Island. – Naval Battle. – Great Storm. – State of the American Troops. – Refusal of the French to co-operate. – They sail for Boston. – Protests. – Retreat of the Americans to Butts’s Hill. – Battle of Quaker Hill. – Scene of the Engagement. – Loss of the Belligerents. – Evacuation of Rhode Island by the Americans. – Return of La Fayette from Boston. – Expedition against New Bedford. – Murmurings against the French. – Evacuation of Rhode Island by the British. – Severe Winter. – Sir Robert Pigot. – Return of La Fayette to France. – His Zeal and Success. – Washington appointed Lieutenant-general by the French King. – Good Tidings brought by La Fayette. – Their effect. – Arrival of the Allies. – Encampment at Newport. – British Blockade of Narraganset Bay. – Clinton’s Expedition. – Death of Ternay. – Washington in Newport. – Property destroyed in Newport. – Ride to Butts’s Hill. – Hospitality. – Fort on Butts’s Hill. – View of the Battle-ground. – North View from Butts’s Hill. – The Narraganset Country. – Massasoit and his Sons. – King Philip. – Jealousy of King Philip. – Treaties with the Whites. – Curtailment of his Domains. – His chief Captains. – John Eliot. – Enlightenment of the Indians. – Sassamon. – Rising of the New England Tribes. – Daniel Gookin. – Philip’s Appeal. – Condition of the Indians. – Commencement of Hostilities. – Canonchet. – Mather’s Magnalia. – Indian Method of Warfare. – Destruction of New England Villages. – Terrible Retaliation by the Whites. – Decimation of the Indians. – Strifes among them. – Philip a Fugitive. – His Death. – His Son. – Captain Church. – Sufferings of the Colonists. – A Happy Change. – Capture of the Pigot by Talbot. – Promotion of Talbot. – Departure from Newport. – Adieu to New England. – Halleck’s "Connecticut."

XXIX.

The Hudson Highlands. – Newburgh. – The Indian Summer. – Its character. – The "Hasbrouck House" and Vicinity. – Its interior construction. – Purchased by the State. – Ceremonies at its Dedication. – Washington’s Dining-hall. – Anecdote concerning it. – Lady Washington’s Gardening. – Settlement of Newburgh. – First Settlements in Orange County. – Indian Wars. – Sufferings of the People. – Attack on Minisink. – Intemperate zeal of the Volunteers. – Unwise Decision. – Battle of Minisink. – Its Location. – The Massacre. – Brant’s Defense. – Effect of the Massacre. – Salvation of Major Wood. – Interment of the Remains of the Slain. – Monument. – Cantonment of the Army near Newburgh. – Head-quarters of the Officers. – Nicola’s Proposition to Washington. – Washington’s Letter of Rebuke to Nicola. – Patriotism of the Chief. – Discontents in the Army. – Memorial to Congress. – Resolutions of Congress respecting Claims. – The Army still dissatisfied. – Action of the Officers. – Major Armstrong. – Meeting of Officers privately called. – Anonymous Address to the Army. – Dangerous Tendency of its Recommendations. – Bold Tone of the Address. – Similar Opinions held by Hamilton. – Washington’s Counteraction. – Second anonymous Address. – Meeting called by Washington. – Major Burnet’s Recollections. – Washington’s Address to the Officers. – Washington’s Address. – Action of the Meeting of Officers. – A strong Resolution. – Record of Proceedings sent to Congress. – Washington’s Opinion of Armstrong’s Motives. – His farewell Address. – Washington’s Tour to the Northern Battle Fields. – Called to Princeton. – A Statue ordered by Congress. – General Clinton. – A very little Maiden. – Her Dignity. – Plum Point. – Fortifications there. – An Acrostic. – Redoubt on Plum Point. – Chevaux-de-frise. – Anecdote. – Head-quarters of Greene and Knox. – Ball at the Quarters of Greene and Knox. – Signatures of young Ladies. – Washington on Dancing. – The Square. – A Spy in the American Camp. – Dispatch in a silver Bullet. – Name and Fate of the Spy. – Site and probable Form of the Temple. – The Camp Ground and Vicinity. – The Temple as described by Major Burnet. – Two living Patriots. – Visit to Major Burnet. – Public Life of Major Burnet and Sergeant Knapp. – Washington’s Letter to Greene. – The Commander-in-chief’s Guard. – Its Organization, Character, and Uniform. – Its Officers. – Sergeant Knapp. – Return to Newburgh. – Departure for Fishkill. – Return of the Commander-in-chief’s Guard. – Fishkill Village. – The "Wharton House." – Enoch Crosby. – The "Spy Unmasked." – Exploits of Enoch Crosby. – Incidents of his Life. – Ancient Dutch Church. – Fishkill Village. – Escape of Crosby. – His Exploits at Teller’s Point. – A very old Man and rejected Lover. – Trinity Church. – Printing of the first Constitution of the State of New York. – Head-quarters of Baron Steuben. – Anecdote of the Baron. – The Society of Cincinnati. – Final Proceedings in the Organization of the Institution. – Plan and Name of the Society of Cincinnati. – The Constitution. – Opposition of Judge Burke and others. – Certificate of Membership of the Cincinnati. – The Design and Engraving. – Alteration of the Plate. – The Order of the Society. – The successive Presidents General. – Departure for West Point.

XXX.

West Point and its Associations. – Mrs. Faugeres. – Sufferings of Mrs. Bleecker. – Scenery around West Point. – The Military Establishment. – Wood’s Monument. – Interesting Relics. – Size of the Mortars and Chain. – Position of the Chain in the River. – Other Relics. – Kosciuszko’s Monument. – Kosciuszko’s Garden. – Other Localities. – Fort Arnold. – Fort Putnam. – View from the Ruins of Fort Putnam. – Names of the Highland Peaks. – Drake’s "Culprit Fay." – Fortifications in the Highlands ordered. – Action of the New York assembly. – Fort Constitution. – New Forts in the Highlands proposed. – West Point selected. – Radière and other Engineers from France. – West Point in 1780. – Construction of the great Chain. – History of the Work. – Map of West Point. – The Chain weakened by Arnold. – Importance of West Point. – Establishment of the Military Academy there. – Forts Webb, Wyllys, and Putnam. – Visit to Constitution Island. – Remains of Fort Constitution. – Buttermilk Falls. – A venerable Boatman. – Beverly Dock and Robinson House. – Arnold’s Willow. – Arnold in Philadelphia. – His Extravagance. – Marriage with Miss Shippen. – Memoir of Beverly Robinson. – Arnold’s Residence and Style of Living. – His fraudulent Dealings. – Charge of Malfeasance preferred against him. – Arnold ordered to be tried by a Court Martial. – His Trial, Verdict, and Punishment. – Its Effects. – Arnold’s Interview with Luzerne. – His Wife and Major Andrè. – Sympathy of Schuyler and Livingston. – Arnold’s Visit to the American Camp. – Washington Deceived by him. – Obtains the Command at West Point. – Correspondence of Arnold and Andrè. – Proposed Plan of the British to gain Possession of West Point. – Andrè appointed to confer with Arnold. – An Interview proposed by the Traitor. – Letter to Colonel Sheldon. – Effect of Andrè’s Letter to Sheldon. – Arnold’s attempted Interview with Andrè. – His Letter to Washington. – Joshua H. Smith. – Further arrangements for an Interview. – Arnold’s Correspondence with Beverly Robinson. – Washington on his Journey. – Washington again deceived by Arnold’s Duplicity. – Smith employed to bring Andrè from the Vulture. – His Difficulties. – Refusal of the Colquhons to accompany Smith. – Final Compliance. – Landing of Andrè and his first Interview with Arnold. – Arrival of the Conspirators at Smith’s House. – The Vulture fired upon. – Plan of Operations arranged. – Colonel Livingston. – The Papers taken from Andrè’s Boot. – "Artillery Orders." – Forces at West Point. – Villefranche’s Estimate. – Return of the Ordnance in the different Forts at West Point. – Arnold’s Description of the Works. – Arnold’s Pass. – Smith’s Refusal to take Andrè back to the Vulture. – His insufficient Excuse. – Andrè’s Exchange of Coats. – He and Smith cross the Hudson. – Smith’s Letter to his Brother. – Ambiguous Memorandum.

XXXI.

Arnold’s Composure in Presence of his Aids. – Washington’s Return from Hartford. – His Approach to Arnold’s Quarters. – Washington’s Delay in reaching Arnold’s Quarters. – Announcement of Andrè’s Arrest. – Flight of Arnold. – His Wife and Son. – Arnold’s Passage to the Vulture. – Treatment of his Oarsmen. – Washington’s visit to West Point. – Discovery of the Treason. – Washington’s presence of Mind. – Condition of Mrs. Arnold. – Attempts to "head" the Traitor. – His Letters from the Vulture. – Beverly Robinson’s Letter to Washington. – The Army at Tappan put in Motion. – Andrè ordered to West Point. – Buttermilk Falls. – Ride to Fort Montgomery. – Mrs. Rose. – A speculating Daughter. – Sites of Forts Clinton and Montgomery. – Lake Sinnipink. – Beverly Garrison. – Mr. Garrison’s Recollections. – "Captain Molly." – Character of Forts Clinton and Montgomery. – Chevaux de frise. – Condition of the British Forces. – Putnam’s intended Expedition. – Sir Henry Clinton’s Stratagem. – Landing of British Troops. – Governor Clinton informed of the Landing of the British. – A reconnoitering Party. – Skirmish near Doodletown. – Treachery of a Messenger. – Putnam deceived. – Skirmish near Fort Montgomery. – Forts ordered to be Surrendered. – Attack on Forts Clinton and Montgomery. – Flight of the Americans. – Destruction of Vessels and the Chevaux de frise. – Evening Voyage in a Fisherman’s Shallop. – Anthony’s Nose. – Peekskill. – Situation of the Village. – The Birdsall House. – An Octogenarian. – Oak Hill. – Van Cortlandt House. – Philip Van Cortlandt. – The Cortlandt Manor House. – Paulding’s Monument, and St. Peter’s Church. – Gallows Hill. – Execution place of a Spy. – Putnam’s laconic Letter. – View from Gallows Hill. – Relative importance of Peekskill. – Stratagem of Sir William Howe. – Invasion of Peekskill. – Destruction of Stores. – Destruction of Continental Village. – Peekskill possessed by the Americans. – The Soldier’s Spring. – Verplanck’s Point. – Hudson and the Indians. – Fortifications at Verplanck’s Point. – Capture of Fort Fayette. – Surrender of the Garrison. – Disposition of the American Troops on the Hudson. – Preparations for attacking Stony Point. – The Negro Spy. – Condition of Stony Point. – Wayne’s Proposition to Storm it. – Biography of Wayne. – His Monument. – Approach of the Americans to Stony Point. – Capture of Sentinels. – Storming of the Fort. – Wayne wounded. – His Bravery. – Surrender of the Fort. – Wayne’s laconic Dispatch. – Fort Fayette Cannonaded. – Relieved by Sir Henry Clinton. – Galley with Ordnance sunk at Caldwell’s. – Medal awarded to Wayne. – His Popularity. – Medal awarded to Colonel De Fleury. – Promised Rewards for the bravest Men. – Division of the Spoils among the Troops. – Medal awarded to Major Stewart.

XXXII.

King’s Ferry. – Jolly old Waterman. – Stony Point. – Evening walk toward Haverstraw. – "God’s Acre." – Benson’s Tavern. – Interview with a Builder of Stony Point Fort. – View from Smith’s House. – Ancient black Walnut-tree. – Tarrytown. – Cow-boys and Skinners. – Neutral Ground. – Place where Andrè was Captured. – Journey of Andrè and Smith to Crompond. – Vigilance of Captain Boyd. – Andrè’s Uneasiness. – Volunteer Expedition against the Cow-boys. – Arrest of Major Andrè. – Discovery of Papers in his Stockings. – Deposition of David Williams. – Strange Conduct of Colonel Jameson. – His Letter to General Arnold. – Better Judgment of Colonel Tallmadge. – Major Andrè at Sheldon’s Head-quarters. – Andrè’s Letter to Washington. – Andrè taken to West Point and thence to Tappan. – His Disclosures to Tallmadge. – His Case and Hale’s compared. – Bridge over Sleepy Hollow Creek. – Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman. – Castle Philipse. – Greenburgh on the Nepera. – Van Wart’s Monument. – Sunnyside, the Residence of Washington Irving. – View of Sunnyside, the ancient "Wolfert’s Roost." – Jacob Van Tassel. – "The Roost" a Castle. – Its Garrison. – Attack upon, and Defense of "the Roost." – Dobbs’s Ferry. – Old Fort at Dobbs’s Ferry. – The Livingston Mansion. – Rendezvous of the British. – The Palisades. – Tappan. – Massacre of Baylor’s Corps at Tappan. – The "76 Stone House," where Andrè was confined. – Washington’s Headquarters. – Court of Inquiry in Andrè’s Case. – The Prisoner’s Conduct. – Names of those who composed the Court. – Judge Laurance. – Washington’s Approval of the Decision of the Court. – Memoir of Andrè. – Honora Sneyd. – Mr. Edgeworth. – Miss Seward. – Andrè’s Death-warrant. – His Will. – Disposition of his Remains. – His Monument. – Equity of Andrè’s Sentence. – Efforts to Save him. – Embassy of Colonel Ogden. – Washington Vilified. – Proposition to Exchange Andrè for Arnold declined. – A Deputation from the British General. – Result of the Efforts to Save Andrè. – His Letter to Washington asking to be Shot. – Willis’s Paraphrase. – Andrè’s Composure of Mind. – Pen-and-ink Sketch of himself. – Name of his Executioner. – Dr. Thacher’s Account of Andrè’s Execution. – Feelings of the Spectators. – The Place of his Death and Burial. – The Captors of Andrè rewarded. – Disinterment of Andrè’s remains. – Honored by the Duke of York. – Desire to secure Arnold. – A Plan to Abduct him. – Its Execution committed to Major Henry Lee. – Sergeant Champe. – His Sense of Honor. – Consents to attempt the Abduction of Arnold. – His Desertion favored by Lee. – Pursuit of Champe. – His Skill in eluding his Pursuers. – He escapes to a British Galley. – Sir Henry Clinton deceived. – Champe sent to Arnold. – Joins his Legion. – Preparations for carrying off the Traitor. – Champe foiled. – Taken by Arnold to Virginia. – Escapes and rejoins his Legion in the Carolinas. – Ramapo Valley. – Ramapo Village. – Mr. Pierson. – Movements of the two Armies in 1777. – Washington’s Perplexities. – March of the American Army toward the Highlands. – Howe’s Destination determined. – The Clove. – The Ramapo Pass. – March of the allied Armies to Virginia. – Clinton deceived by Washington’s Letters. – The "Hopper House." – Patriotism of the Owner. – Interesting Relics. – Burr’s Head-quarters. – Colonel Aaron Burr at Sufferns’s – Confusion of the Militia. – Night Attack upon the British Pickets near Hackensack.