FIRST PERSON SINGULAR |
FIRST PERSON PLURAL |
nia = I or me |
niona = we or us (exclusive) |
kiona = we or us (inclusive) |
|
niaiya = mine |
nionaiya = ours (exclusive) |
kionaiya = ours (inclusive) |
|
niatta = myself |
nionatta = ourselves (exclusive) |
kionatta = ourselves (inclusive) |
|
niak = locative form of me |
nionak = locative form of us |
SECOND PERSON SINGULAR |
SECOND PERSON PLURAL |
kia = you |
kiow� = you |
kiaiya = yours |
kiow�iya = yours |
kiatta = yourself |
kiow�tta = yourselves |
kiak = locative form of you |
kiow�k = locative form of you |
THIRD PERSON SINGULAR |
THIRD PERSON PLURAL |
agma = he or she |
agm�w� = they or them |
agmaiya = his or hers |
agm�w�iya = theirs |
agmatta = himself or herself |
agm�w�tta = themselves |
agmak = locative form of he or she |
agm�w�k = locative from of they or them |
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE DECLINED
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
N'or ND' = I, me, or my |
N' or ND' = we, or ours (exclusive) |
K' or KD' = we, or ours (inclusive) |
|
K' or KD' = you |
K' or KD' = you, or yours |
W' or WD' = he, or she |
W' or WD' = they or theirs |
Use (N', K' or W') for all nouns and verbs that begin with a consonant EXCEPT the letter (S).
Use (ND', KD' or WD') for all nouns and verbs that begin with a vowel.
EXAMPLES OF INANIMATE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES DECLINED:
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
N'kl�gan = my door |
N'kl�ganal = my doors |
K'kl�gan = your door |
K'kl�ganal = your doors |
W'kl�gan = his or her door |
W'kl�ganal = his or her doors |
N'kl�ganna = our door |
N'kl�gannawal = our doors |
K'kl�ganw� = your door (more than one person) |
K'kl�gannowol = your doors (more thant one person) |
W'kl�ganw� = their door |
W'kl�gannowol = their doors |
Nd'asolkw�n = my hat |
Nd'asolkw�nal = my hats |
Kd'asolkw�n = your hat |
Kd'asolkw�nal = your hats |
Wd'asolkw�n = his or her hat |
Wd'asolkw�nal = his or her hats |
Nd'asolkw�nna = our hat |
Nd'asolkw�nnawal = our hats |
Kd'asolkw�nw� = your hat (more than one Person) |
Kd'asolw�nnowol = your hats (more than one person) |
Wd'asolkw�nw� = their hat |
Wd'asolkw�nnowol = their hats |
In order to apply a demonstrative adjective to an animate noun we have to change the noun by adding a suffix to it. It is the Abenaki way of showing connectedness and reverence to it and not the pronoun. The following rules apply:
Animate nouns ending in the letters (a, i, o) add the letter (m)
nolka = deer = nolkam
abazi = tree = abzim
pit�lo = lion = pit�lom
Animate nouns ending in the letters (kw,gw,ai,ch, or any consonant) add the letters (em)
akikw = seal = akikwem
k�gw = porcupine = k�gwem
chibai = ghost = chibaiem
awanoch = French =awanochem
moz = moose = mozem
Animate nouns ending in the letters (agw,akw,skw) add the letters (om)
namagw = lake trout = namagwom
kaakw = gull = kaakwom
agaskw = ground hog = agaskwom
Note: You may use an animate noun that doesn't fall in the above rules. If this happens to you, use one of the suffixes above that sounds the best to you.
EXAMPLES OF ANIMATE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES DECLINED:
titgeli = screech owl = titgelim
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
N'titgelim = my screech owl |
N'titgilimak = my screech owls |
K'titgelim = your screech owl |
K'titgelimak = your screech owls |
W'titgelim = his or her screech owl |
W'titgelimak = his or her screech owls |
N'titgelimna = our screech owl |
N'titgelimnawak = our screech owls |
K'titgelimw� = your screech owl (Plural) |
K'titgelimw�k = your screech owls (Plural) |
W'titgelimw� = their screech owl |
W'titgelimw�k = their screech owls |
alakws = star = alakwsem
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
Nd'alakwsem = my star |
Nd'alakwsemak = my stars |
Kd'alakwsem = your star |
Kd'alakwsemak = my stars |
Wd'alakwsem = his or her star |
Wd'alakwsemak = his or her stars |
Nd'alakwsemna = our star |
Nd'alakwsemnawak = our stars |
Kd'alakwsemw� = your star
Kd'alakwsemw�k = your stars (Plural) | |
Wd'alakwsemw� = their star |
Wd'alakwsemw�k = their stars |
