Annexes

Aliens of the Tweed and Brunswick

Annexes

A - POPULATION STATISTICS
a. Tweed-Brunswick Population Statistics
       - Census Data
   Richmond Population
b. Greek Statistics
   Greek Comparison Statistics - 1954 census
c. Alien Statistics - Police Census
      - Tweed-Brunswick Patrol Districts
   Police Census – Richmond Patrol Districts - 1
   Police Census – Richmond Patrol Districts - 2
d. Richmond-Tweed Coloured Aliens
       – Census Data 1851-1911
e.

Electoral Statistics

B - DEPRESSION STATISTICS

Depression Statistics – 1933 Census
(and partial 1921 Comparison)

Depression Statistics – 1933 Census –
Comparison of FNC with other random
Municipalities and Shires

C - BANANA/DAIRY STATISTICS
a.

NSW Banana Statistics
b.

Dairy Statistics

ANNEX Aa

Tweed-Brunswick Population Statistics – Census Data

	1901	1911	1921	1933	1947	1954	Change 1947-54	1961	Change 1954-61	1966	Change 1961-66	1971	Change 1966-71	1976	Change 1971-76	1981	2001
Byron Shire		6553	8302	7967	8784	8904	+1%	8505	-5%	7972	-6%	7831	-2%	8888	+14%	15,426	28,916
Bangalow	186	1057	1169	972	742	704	-5%	626	-11%	479	-24%	534	+12%	568	+6%	614	~1221
Billinudgle		444	311	203	186	230	+24%	205	-11%	142	-31%
Main Arm		239	368	342	547	517	-6%	450	-13%	113	-75%
Mullumbimby Creek				131	164	204	+24%	178	-13%
Middle Pocket			71	117	179	176	-2%	133	-24%
The Pocket					206	172	-17%	174	+1%
Wilsons Creek			189	164	246	182	-26%	171	-6%
Yelgun				99	127	144	+13%	101	-30%
Byron Bay	380	1222	1564	1717	1869	2001	+7%	2172	+9%	2314	+7%	2323	+0.4%	2525	+9%	3187	~9156
Brunswick Heads		179	412	342	767	992	+29%	975	-2%	1068	+10%	1210	+13%	1402	+16%	1877	~1827
Ocean Shores														255		1018	~4916
Suffolk Park														239		681	Included Byron
Mullumbimby	428	951	1330	1362	1609	2017	+25%	1966	-3%	1981	+0.8%	1891	-4.5%	2028	+7%	2234	~2988
Tweed Shire*		7308	12,279	13,204	14,367 (19,321)	21,144	+9%	22,491	+6%	23,154	+3%	24,062	+4%	27,526	+14%	40,050	73,821
Banora Point				125	151	172	+14%	327	+90%			970		(1365)		(2350)
Fingal			95	118	276	327	+19%					531		(580)		(855)
Kingscliff urban			20	34	370	806	+118%	1564	+94%	1798	+15%	2412	+34%	(2,145)		(2890)
Kingscliff-Fingal						1402		1877	+34%								~8060
Tweed Heads	298	712	1514	1574	2066	2467	+19%	3291	+33%	3829	+16%	5120	+34%	(7740)
Tweed Heads**										3830		6643		13,190	+99%	21,869	~29,172
Hastings Point				27	74	99	+34%							(185)		482
Pottsville					136	164	+21%	248		213		245		332	+36%	673
Murwillumbah*	772 (953)	2206	2861	3895	4954 (6412)	6748	+5%	7151	+6%	7311	+2%	7387	+1%	7294	-1%	7807	~7291
Burringbar	88	422	343	248	305	331	+9%	300	-9%	272	-9%	243	-12%	(210)		294
Upper Burringbar	168		147	153	422	347	-18%	294	-15%
Crabbes Creek		126	268	203	270	371	+37%	332	-11%	190	-43%
Dunbible		75	145			146		119	-19%
Stokers Siding		140	314	373	304	289	-5%	172	-41%	151	-12%
Mooball		197	365	269	323	319	-1%	396	+19%	208	-48%
Condong	98	531	482	577	538	431	-20%	393	-9%					(205)
Tumbulgum	166	317	269	192	273	285	+4%	310	+9%	292	-6%	201	-31%	238	+18%	249
Cudgen	380	185	308	198	296	336	+14%	321	-5%	214	-33%
Tyalgum		323	451	427	293	310	+6%	262	-16%	213	-19%					211
Uki		260	346	248	313	256	-18%	256	0%	213	-17%

*Figures distorted 1947 census due amalgamation of Tweed Shire and Murbah Municipality. Other distortions: Main Arm ambiguous due uncertain contribution of Upper Main Arm, Palmwoods (156 in 1947 and 75 in 1954) and Blindmouth. There were 392 people in vicinity Main Arm 1961, giving total of 842 in the area. Similar distortions around The Pocket, Middle Pocket, Mullum Crk, Wilsons Crk and Montecollum. Ditto in Tweed, eg 263 were living vicinity of Crabbes Creek 1961, giving total of 595 in the area. Burringbar and Upper Burringbar had 108 and 259 in vicinity, giving grand total of 961 in the area. The 1954 cyclone a few months prior to the census also had a significant impact on the Main Arm/Palmwoods area.
**Called the ‘Gold Coast Part’ of the Tweed Shire and includes Tweed Heads, South Tweed Heads and parts of Kingscliff, Fingal and maybe Banora. Reorganised again for 1981 census. Separate figures for Tweed Shire 1976 show Tweed Heads 2,965, TH West 2,450, TH South 2325 and a total urban population of 20,820 and rural of 6980. (28,175/8925 in 1981). As at 2001 Tweed City grew 15.7% since the census of 1996, making it the fastest growing area in NSW. The area down to Banora point is now home to over 30,000 people, and combined with Kingscliff-Fingal carries half the population of the Tweed.
1. In 1954 the Brunswick district, inclusive of the Byron Shire and the Mullumbimby Municipality, was the most densely populated rural area in NSW. The population of the Richmond-Tweed region remained relatively static between 1954 and 1966, but the region remained the most densely populated rural area of NSW. By the late 1970s, following the shakeout of the rural recession, the population drift had reversed and the North Coast was the fastest growing non-metropolitan area in the State. 75% of the growth was due to internal migration, with the vast majority being refugees from Sydney.
2. In 1961 40.5% of the working population of the Byron Shire was still employed in agricultural activities. By 1971 this had fallen to 25.9% and by 1981 was down to 15%, - paradoxically at the same time the rural population began to rise exponentially. The Alternates had found Arcadia in the hills while the Surfies had discovered the Bay. Between 1976 and 1981 the rural population grew by 9.2% per annum (2071 people total) while the towns increased by 6% per annum (2439 people). 86% of growth of Byron Shire, inclusive of Mullum, 1976-1981 was due to internal migration, mainly Sydney refugees.

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Richmond Population

	1911	1921	1933	1947	1954	Change	1961	Change	1966	Change	1971	Change	1976	Change	2001
Richmond	40,053	46,192	57,741	60,055	63,007	+5%	62,142	-1%	61,340	-1%	63,438	+4%	67,738	+8%	108,639
Ballina	2061	2768	3042	3202	3558	+11%	4129	+16%	4931	+19%	6141	+25%	7323	+19%	37,218
Casino	3420	3455	5287	6698	7844	+17%	8091	+3%	8502	+5%	9378	+10%	9791	+4%
(Cas Urban)											(9064)		(9456)	+4%	(10,036)
Lismore*	7609	8700	11,762	15,214	17,372 (18,312)	+14%	18,935	+3%	19,734	+4%	20,904	+6%	22,082	+6%	41,883 (27,585)
Gundurimba Shire*	4281	4555	4596	3890 (3957)	3975 (3035)	+0.5%	3134	+3%	2778	-11%	2675	-4%	2871	+7%
Kyogle Shire	3839	6538	11,361	11,427	11,234	-2%	10,438	-7%	9391	-10%	8750	-7%	8104	-7%	9169
Kyogle	1347	1484	2394	2775	2929	+6%	2985	+2%	2846	-5%	2966	+4%	2959	-0.2%
Bonalbo	129	169	480	485	632	+30%	539	-15%	532	-1%	494	-7%	478	-3%
Urbenville	123	135	206	372			420		358	-15%	309	-14%	290	-6%
Woodenbong	147	104	362	515	559	+9%	469	-16%	438	-7%	396	-10%	380	-4%
Rest of Kyogle Shire	2093	4646	7919	7280			6025		5217	-13%	4585	-12%	3997	-13%
Terania Shire	5621	6573	7583	6922	6691	-3%	6021	-10%	5140	-15%	4520	-12%	4830	+7%
Nimbin	666	802	847	685	698	+2%	523	-25%	386	-26%	310	-20%	328	+6%
Clunes	488	302	289	277	266	-4%	211	-21%	160	-24%
Tintenbar Shire	5869	5703	5307	4740	4649	-2%	4341	-7%	4078	-6%	4486	+10%	6470	+44%
Alstonville	1001	994	1057	643	949	+48%	790	-17%	576	-27%	779	+35%	1457	+87%
Lennox Hd			74	149	173	+16%	201	+16%	248	+23%	437	+76%	843	+92%
Wardell	547	520	543	270	290	+7%	233	-20%	187	-20%			245
Tomki Shire*	3006	3406	3978	3647 (3580)	3399	-5%	3051	-10%	2703	-11%	2435	-10%
Woodburn Shire*	2938	3123	3234	4315	4285	-0.7%	4002	-7%	4083	+2%	4149	+2%
Broadwater	550	560	507	614	486	-26%	426	-12%	421	-1%	388	-9%	365	-6%
Coraki	1419^	1371^	1231^	1097	970	-12%	905	-7%	650	-28%	858	+32%	912	+6%
Evans Head	76	142	249	764	1057	+38%	969	-8%	1083	+12%	1315	+21%	1591	+21%
Woodburn	853	942	712	654	781	+10%	510	-35%	536	+5%	697	+32%	610	-13%
Rest of Wood Shire	40	108	535	1186	991		1192		1393		891	-36%
Richmond River Shire*											(6270)		6267	0%	20,369
Tweed-Bruns	17,018	24,772	26,428	29,714	32,065	+8%	32,962	+3%	33,107	+0.4%	33,784	+2%	38,442	+14%	102,737
Rich-Tweed	57,077	70,964	84,169	89,779	95,072	+6%	95,103	0%	94,448	-0.7%	96,908	+3%	106,180	+10%	211,376
Nth Coast**	115,596	123,152	146,507	159,212	171,325	+8%	171,386	0%	170,130	-0.7%	221,888
NSW	1,638,683	2,088,656	2,600,847	2,984,838	3,423,529	+15%	3,916,907	+14%	4,233,822	+8%	4,601,180	+9%	4,777,265	+4%	6,311,168
Coolangatta	160	1471	1828	4057	2343*		2550
Southport	1658	3551	4218	8430	8134*		12,746
Gold Coast*				13,713	19,807	+44%	33,716	+70%	49,481	+47%	66,697 (69,120)	+35%	94,014	+36%
QLD	605,813	757,634	947,534	1,106,415	1,318,259	+19%	1,518,828	+15%	1,663,685	+10%	1,827,065	+10%	2,037,181	+12%

*Certain boundary changes and amalgamations took place distorting some figures, with another big change 1Jan1977. Separate figures for Gold Coast show 105,777 people 1976 and 154,706 people 1981.
^ = Coraki Municipality.
**North Coast redefined as the area down to Taree 1971. Previously the 40mile wide coastal strip between Kempsey and the border. Redefined again in the 1980s.

1933 census figures reported by Northern Star in 28Sep33 gave Lismore Municip a pop of 11,792 (and 8692 in 1921). But in 1921 Lismore Municip comprised 14,676 acres and reduced to 8156 acres in Dec1930 with the transfer of farm lands to Terania and Gundurimba. Therefore 'Lismore and District' had a population of 19,818 in 1921 and 23,978 in 1933 = 21% increase.
Casino Municip area also reduced 1921-33, but big jump was due to becoming the hub of the rail network, with multiplier effect of gaining about 250 Railway Dept employees 1932-33 after opening Kyogle-Brisbane Line and downgrading of other centres. Also many navvies laid off from rail projects in unemployment camps.
Kyogle experienced greatest increase 1921-33 (6482 to 11,374), but there were around 1000 people living in 'calico townships' carrying out the huge road network programme through unemployment relief schemes, most of whom not normally resident Kyogle district. Also many timber getters and railway sleeper contractors in separate camps.

Note: Coraki Municipality was absorbed into Woodburn Shire 1Jan34; Murwillumbah Municipality amalgamated with Tweed Shire in 1947; Woodburn and Tomki Shires merged to form the Richmond River Shire in 1976; Ballina Municipality and Tintenbar Shire merged to form the Ballina Shire in 1977; Gundurimba and Terania Shires joined Lismore City in 1977; Mullumbimby Municipality united with Byron Shire in 1980; Casino Municipality and the Richmond River Shire amalgamated to form the Richmond Valley Shire in 2000.

Religious Distribution - Census Data

Municipality/
Shire

1861

1871

1891

Anglican
%

Catholic
%

Presbyterian
%

Methodist
%

1901

1911

1921

1933

1947

1901

1911

1921

1933

1947

1901

1911

1921

1933

1947

1901

1911

1921

1933

1947

Ballina

44.7

44.5

39.8

41.4

27.5

21%

22.5

14%

17.7

15.7

14.2

6.4%

11.5

10.6

9.5%

Casino

39.4

37%

35%

34.3

32%

31.4

30.7

33.3

13%

16.7

13.6

13.5

11%

8.8%

7.6%

Coraki

27.8

39.5

33%

31.8

27.4

28.5

17.8

19.8

15.6

6.4%

5.5%

Lismore

33.6

37.5

32%

33.7

28.5

27%

29%

28%

18%

15.8

15.9

15.7

10.4

9.7%

9.2%

10.7

Mullumbimby

37%

38.9

33.7

25.7

23.2

22.2

17.6

18.6

16.2

11.3

12.4

15.8

Murwillumbah

34.5

30.3

34.2

34%

29%

27.8

17%

18.4

15.7

6.1%

8.9

9.4%

Byron Shire

45%

41.4

38.3

19%

18.8

19.9

15%

14.6

14.7

14.4

13.7

16.1

Gundurimba

36.2

34.1

33.5

26.2

23%

24.1

18.7

16.9

17.4

13.3

12.7

14.5

Kyogle

45%

40.2

39.3

22%

21.7

20%

16.3

14.1

14.7

10.5

10.3

11%

Terania

46%

41.3

38.1

15.4

16.3

20.6

15.6

14.4

17.2

18%

16%

15.2

Tintenbar

34.8

37.6

36.7

18.6

20.8

19.1

11.5

12%

11.3

15.9

20.4

20.7

Tomki

41.7

42.3

40.2

26%

24.5

28.8

15%

13.7

11.5

9.7%

7.5%

9.1%

Tweed

42.8

37.5

38.2

25%

23.8

23.2

15.4

15.5

13.7

10.3

8.9%

9.5%

Woodburn

41%

35.2

37.2

27.8

24.5

27.5

18.3

17.9

17.3

6.1%

6.9%

Rich-Tweed

37%

40%

41%

37.3

36.8

29%

23.8

23.6

24.3

17%

16.9

15.8

15.1

14.8

10%

12.2

11.7

11.1

11.6

Anglican

53%

45%

35%

Catholic

25%

28%

29%

Presbyterian

13%

15%

17%

Methodist

10%

Grafton M

52.3

46.4

45.3

16.6

20.5

21.5

12.9

12.2

12.4

9.5%

8.4%

Sth Grafton

49%

45.7

43.8

29.8

27.4

26.4

11%

13.5

12.2

7.5%

5.4%

6.6%

Tenterfield M

46.5

43.1

38.7

24.3

24%

27.8

14%

13.2

13.4

10.8

10%

11.9

Tenterfield S

49.8

44.7

44.6

26%

22.2

22.8

11.5

12.9

11.8

8.9%

8.7%

7.8%

Municipalities NSW

49%

43.9

43.2

23.2

21.6

23.4

9.6

9.2

8.3%

7.4%

7.7%

Shires NSW

48.8

44.3

43.9

22.4

20.8

12.3

11.6

10.8

9.6%

8.9%

9.9%

NSW

44.6

49%

44%

43.4

22.8

23%

21.4

22.7

11.1

10.5

9.9%

8.8%

9.2%

8.7%

7.8%

8.3%

Richmond-Tweed in 1851 and 1856 = Police District of Tabulam; 1861 = Richmond River Registration District (Part of Clarence Pastoral District);
1871 = Police Districts of Richmond River and Tweed River (County Rous, County Richmond and portions of County Drake and County Buller.)
1871: 284 people in Township of Casino, of whom 129 were Anglicans (45.4%), 74 Catholics (36%), 25 Presbyterians (8.8%) and 21 Wesleyan Methodists (7.4%)
In the Village of Lismore were 93 people; 49 Anglicans (52.7%), 22 Catholics (23.7%), 13 Presbyterians (14%), 5 Wesleyan Methodists (5.4%)
In the combined Richmond River and Tweed River Districts there were 4977 people, with religious percentages as above.
1878: Fr Doyle finds 3 Catholic families in the town of Lismore upon taking up appointment of Richmond Parish (District of Lismore 80 Catholic families, Casino 62, Wardell 33, Swan Bay 31, Coraki 27, Tweed 23, Ballina 20.) The folklore goes that Fr Doyle's was the 500th and last signature required on petition initiated by Catholic William English to have Lismore incorporated as a municipality. Lismore became a municipality 1879 with non-sectarian James Stocks as foundation mayor (1879-81). Presbyterian Church built 1881 when town population was 992. (Other Catholic mayors: J.F. O'Flynn 1889-91 and 1896-99, J. Quilty in 1907 and J.B. Carlton in 1911. Stocks later a Catholic?)
1886: Sectarian Riot Lismore. 500 Orangemen v. 300 Catholics in Lismore. 38 arrested.
1891: Ballina: 1084 people - 434 Anglicans (40%), 291 Catholics (26.8%), 222 Presbyterians (20.5%), 85 Wesleyan Methodists (7.8%)
Casino: 1486 people - 606 Anglican (40.8%), 490 Catholics (33%), 174 Presbyterians (11.7%), 143 Wesleyan Methodists (9.6%)
Coraki: 538 people - 251 Anglicans (46.7%), 166 Catholic (30.9%), 73 Presbyterian (13.6%), 19 Wesleyan Methodists (3.5%)
Lismore: 2925 people - 1006 Anglican (34.4%), 875 Catholic (29.9%), 429 Presbyterian (14.7%), 300 Wesleyan Methodists (10.3%)
In the combined Counties of Rous and Richmond were 21,711 people, with religious percentages as above.
The fact that the Presbyterians had a greater proportional presence in Northern NSW than in the rest of the State is attributed to the singular influence of the fiery Dr John Dunmore Lang and his encouragement of Scottish migration to his proposed colony of 'Cooksland', which was to include the Clarence, Richmond and Tweed Region.
From about the death of Bishop Doyle 1909 the Presbyterians and Methodists started to exercise political, commercial and media influence way beyond their numerical significance. (See http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.com/~aliens/chapter_11.htm )

By the 2001 census the distribution across the Richmond-Tweed was 25.9% Anglican, 24.4% Catholic, 7% Uniting, 6% Presbyterian, (15.1% No Religion)
By the 2006 census the distribution across the Richmond-Tweed was 24.1% Catholic, 23.7% Anglican, 6% Uniting, 5.4% Presbyterian, (19.1% No Religion)
By the 2006 census the distribution across NSW was 28.2% Catholic, 21.8% Anglican, 4.6% Uniting, 3.3% Presbyterian, (14.3% No Religion)
2006 Richmond Valley Shire 28.2% Catholic, 27.4% Anglican, 7.5% Presbyterian, 6.0% Uniting, (13.1% No Religion)
2006 Ballina Shire 26.1% Anglican, 25.5% Catholic, 6.3% Uniting, 5.6% Presbyterian, (17.4% No Religion)
2006 Tweed Shire 26.1% Anglican, 24.7% Catholic, 5.7% Uniting, 5.1% Presbyterian, (17.6% No Religion)
2006 Lismore Municipality 25.4% Catholic, 20.7% Anglican, 7.3% Uniting, 6.2% Presbyterian, (19.3% No Religion)
2006 Kyogle Shire 23.4% Anglican, 20.7% Catholic, 9.3% Uniting, 6.1% Presbyterian, (18.4% No Religion)
2006 Byron Shire 16.6% Catholic, 15.7% Anglican, 4.8% Uniting, 3.1% Presbyterian, (30% No Religion)
2006 Religious Hierarchy by Towns:
Bangalow 34.9% No Religion,
Mullumbimby 30.7% No Religion,
Casino 30.6% Catholic,
Byron Bay 30.5% No Religion,
Tweed Heads 27.8% Anglican,
Ballina 27.8% Anglican,
Lismore 27.3% Catholic,
Murwillumbah 26.1% Catholic,
Kyogle 25.9% Catholic.

First Anglican Churches: Grafton 1854, Casino 1871, Lismore 1871
First Catholic Churches: South Grafton 1857, Casino 1872, Coraki 1874, Lismore 1877, Murwillumbah 1883

First Presbyterian Churches: Grafton 1857, Coraki 1867, Lismore 1881

First Methodist Churches: Grafton 1861, Alstonville 1873, Lismore ~1877.

Sectarian Riot 1886:
Ex-nun Edith O'Gorman gives anti-Catholicism lecture Albert Theatre Keen Street 23Oct1886: Rumours of disturbances never take place. Jewish Mayor Dr Ludwig Bernstein, a close friend of Dean Doyle, refused to chair meeting.
Riot 26Oct1886: 500 Protestants, mostly country Orangemen, mostly Presbyterian but fair swag Methodists, gather at Albert Theatre for O'Gorman's second lecture. Group of Catholics, mainly Irishmen, in audience and together with others outside rush stage and disrupt proceedings. Initially just to stop lecture, but riding-whips, lawyer-cane, sticks, chairs, horse-shoes, eggs, stones and flour-balls used by all. Orangemen anticipated disruption and came prepared. Attacking party initially about 40 to 50. 150 participate in fight. 450 stand by. Women and children escape through windows. Three in hospital. 'Several' wounded. Catholics command stage where 100 gather and give speeches. 700 in streets through to 11PM. Two fights in streets next day. Gatherings in streets next few days. Friendships of years severed.
Third lecture 28Oct86 cancelled when large bodies of Catholics and Orangemen from all over district confront each other. Catholics threaten to pull down theatre, Orangemen threaten to pull down Convent and adjacent buildings. Estimated 2000 people. Police, supplemented from other centres, and Dean Doyle restore calm.
Postponed lecture 3Nov86: More police, mounted troopers and 128 special constables sworn in. Sub-inspector Garvan in charge. All armed. All pubs closed. All traffic Keen St stopped. 1200 gather at theatre. Dean Doyle keeps Catholics away. Miss O'Gorman makes more money Lismore than any other part of her tour so far.
Riot coincides with Ministerial party visit Lismore, including Minister for Justice James Patrick Garvan, Catholic pioneer selector Bangalow. Northern Star accused of taking Catholic side, but in fact condemns both. Chronicle definitely on Protestant side.
Talk of a Royal Commission.
38 people summonsed for 26Oct86 riot and go before magistrate's hearing. Sub-Inspector Garvan police prosecutor. Balmer Jnr of Chronicle amongst 16 Protestants summonsed.
15 Catholics and 5 Protestants went to trial. Protestants discharged and 11 Catholics found guilty. Morrissey 3mths gaol, McGuire 2mths, Sexton fined 50 quid, McNamarra, Holland, Gallagher, D. Mahoney, Fitzgerald, Hogan, Hassett, M. Mahoney all 40 quid.

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