.

Aft Uamuth standa runar thair

Nu Arin fatai fathir aft faikian sunu

Sakum uk mini

that huar jarualraubar uar in duar

Thar sua thiualf sinum uar

inum nardiual raabu bathars

Samana umis manum

.

That sakum onarth huar

fur niu althum onarth

Thi fiaru mir hraithkudum

auk tu mir anub sakar

Rai Thiauriki hin thurmuth

Stilir flu na stran hraithmar

Sitir nu karui kuta sinum

Skial tu fadlathr skati Marika

That sakum tualfta huar histr Sikunar

Ridvi dubkibn kunukar duair

- dikir suath blikia

That sakum thridaun

da hurir uair dikir kunukar

Sad ind Siudlund i fia kurau ind rad

Fia kurum nabnum burni

Fia kurum bruthrum

Ualkar fim Rathulfsunir

Hraithulfar fim Rukulfsunir

Hoislar fim Harudsunir

Kuamundar fim Ainarsunir

.

Nuk tinitur alu hukia in hu

Arstki kilda thurdi

Sakum uk mini thurr Sibi uiaruari ol niraudr

Sakum uk mini uaim si buri in id

Traki Uilin is that knua kna

Iatun Uilin is that h oo ss oo ss e

Sakwm og um Thidi if fad Hoarig old

Gaorig oldind ... Goan ar holi

This ode is from the famous Rauk-stone in Austergautland. In Swedish translating almost syllable by syllable was possible. My interpreting does not differ much from older trials. However, I set the stone and text into the reality old chief Arin refers to and tries to explain some odd things.

They date the stone to about 800 AD and we may ask what happened that could cause those mighty words. It is more like an inflammatory speech to younger generations.

Just then Carlemagne was a real treat against Scandinavia. A Danish king began to build Danevirke to avoid being a margrave under the Franks. For mighty traders everywhere around the Baltic Ocean it was a serious treat. We see this in later development of for instance the Hansa and the Teutnic Knights.

The Danish town Ribe was founded before that and perhaps Birka too as an enclave of Ribe as well as Baltic traders.

Old chief Arin refers to his memory of ancestors and we can ask who they were about 500 AD. If we believe they were Erils and Arin carried the runes from them we may understand he thought about the border against the south.

He refers to fortifications long before the known Trelleborg and others. It may be that they gathered them four years at Danevirke to build the wall. No other fortifications are found except those on Auland and Gotland and they do not quite fit the story.

He also mentions narwhal boats and tells indirectly by hunting them and that has to be in Norway north of the 65th degree latitude. To be out there for a long time must have been like being in a fortified camp. However, the traders surely sold the sprout to the Mediterranean as real horns of the Unicorn. For traders it would have been a good fortune in it also in West Europe

They thought the narwhal to be a sea-unicorn. The horn is twined to the left and can be 2,5 metres long. They used the mysterious animal in the night sky for time calculations. In early church they used it often. Some bishop' s staff have the odd animal as symbol ... it is almost natural that we find a narwhal sprout in the church of Visingsau. It is on an island not far from the Rauk-stone.

It is easy to think "The Scandinavian Trade Union" behind this camp where they could hunt not only narwhals but walrus and other heavy thing for the markets in south. On other places are found minor camps laying much like the outer houses at Trelleborg ... about 1100 Ad they say that the Norse king Sigurd gave the Byzantine emperor a narwhal sprout.

In the first verse Arin thinks about his fallen son and perhaps at Danevirke. The other thought is about the trade. In the second verse he thinks about the enemy Carlemagne and he compares him with Teoderic. For some reason Swedish historians see him as a hero, while the Danes made folk songs about him as an enemy which the Danish hero Holger Danske fought. If Arin was an Eril, he surely saw him as an enemy.

In the third verse he refers to co-operation and the old system with pairs of kings leading the crew. The word king has another value as we see that there were twenty of them and it means surely that they were leaders of a minor part. Maybe as in Trelleborg one of the boat houses. They maybe lead a smaller folkland in provinces.

In fourth verse we see they already used names referring to a clan. In Swedish it is known by the suffix -ungar, -ingar, -yngar. It means little ones as well as heirs.

They use the word also on some runic stones referring to Queen Tyra, the first known queen of Denmark. On the Rauk-stone it shows that at least the nobility had began to think in clans. Ordinary people had not much use of it as they lived like nature on their land from generation to generation. Only nobility needed showing their belongings and their property and they were the traders.

When the first small market places were founded, they got a birke-law. (the old word was surely BIAERKE or in English BI- ARCH) It has the prefix bi-, which means that the towns and market places were "another world" as they would have said. The word is still used in Denmark for the court of towns.

Before the last verse we may note that he in third verse uses the word "twelfth". He refers to a year turn and the myths of the end of year when the old dies and a new son is born. That is surely an old tradition among bards.

The last verse is in hidden runes and I have mostly followed the interpreting of Åke Ohlmarks. Of course when understanding the case, I have given my own version. Here Arin is very personal, which he as perhaps patriarch and a strong man cannot show to all. Of course his last deeds were widely spread when he got a new son to take his clan towards future. It is almost as when a dandelion flowers in asphalt.

Talking about Vilin he refers to the old poem in Edda Voluspa:

.

It is said that the son takes revenge only one day old. That means of course that when a son is born it is the first step and to preserve life.

In the first row he uses "thair" wich maybe should be understood as "them" and that more people had been killed. As a leader he is fighting for his entire tribe, but that can only be done directly by him or a son.

Hoarig is perhaps the same word as Horich which was fashion just about 800 AD. At least one Danish king in southern Jutland was named that way. Gaorig is perhaps meaning him self as a very old man and wanting to see his son growing up. He uses a very popular name Goan. Old folks use the word Goan about that old Mother Earth or what she is giving births to mankind.