BAKEWELL.―One of the most extensive parishes in the county of Derby, contains 22 townships, beside a part of the township of Wardlow. Of this number 9 are parochial chapelries, vis.―Ashford, Baslow, Beeley, Buxton, Chelmorton, Great Longstone, Monyash, Sheldon, and Taddington, with Priestcliff; and the townships are Bakewell, Blackwell, Brushfield, Calver, Curbar, Flagg, Froggatt, Hartle, Hassop, Little Longstone, Over and

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Nether Haddon, Rowland. and Great Rowsley; which together in 1851 had 2,089 houses and 9,897 inhabitants, of whom 4,838 were males, and 5,059 females; 40,406 acres of land; rateable value, £44,971. The parish is about 18 miles in length from its eastern extremity near Baslow, to its extreme western point at Buxton, and comprises a great diversity of hill and dale. Some of the most fertile valleys are embosomed in bleak mountains, which give an additional charm to the picturesque beauties of the scenery. It is chiefly on the limestone, and the southern side principally occupied for the dairy. A few oats are grown, but generally for the purpose of destroying the moss on the grass land, which, after a few crops of oats, is again laid down in grass, or rather suffered to become grass again, which it soon does without any extra manure, and often without seed, producing a rich herbage. The northerh parts, being very bleak and open, are principally used for grazing young cattle. The eastern extremity has been desig­nated the Garden of the Peak, and the valleys about Baslow and Ashford are, much earlier than the adjoining hills. The river Wye, which rises near Buxton, divides this parish from Chapel-en-le-Frith, Hope, and Tideswell, till it enters Monsall dale, through which it flows, and then has its confluence with the Derwent at Rowsley. The Lathkill river rises near One Ash, flows through a beautiful romantic glen, has its confluence with the Bradford at Alport, and then flows to the Wye, below Haddon Hall. The Bradford rises near Smerrill Grange, by Middleton. The Derwent passes the east side of the parish, to which the prin­cipal part of the waters of the High Peak flow.

BAKEWELL, a township and well built market town, beautifully situated in a picturesque vale of the river Wye, over which there is a stone bridge of six arches, 10 miles N.N.W. from Matlock, 16 miles S.W. from Sheffield, 12 miles W by S. from Chesterfield, 12 miles E. by S. from Buxton, 26 miles N.N.W. from Derby and 152 miles N.W. by N. from London, contains 2,945A 1R. 37P. of land, and in 1851, had 462 houses, and 2,217 inhabitants, of whom 1,052 were males, and 1,165 females; rateable value £7,394 4s.  This place was anciently called Baderanwyllam or Baddequella, of which its present name is a contraction; it is derived from a chalybeate spring which was in great repute as early as 924, when Edward the Elder, fixed on this place as a military post, and is said to have built a castle here, the site of which is still known as Castle Hill. The river Wye which flows through thc town abounds with trout and grayling, and is a source of great attraction during the season to anglers. The Church, dedicated to All Saints, stands on a fine eminence, and is a large cruciform structure, with nave, spacious chancel, side aisles, and a handsome octagonal tower and spire containing 8 bells. The architecture is of various eras. The west door is Norman, and there are some intersecting Norman arches, or remains of them in the wall above and other marks of Norman walls; but great additions of a later style have been made in this part, and the perpendicultar character predominates. The other parts of the exterior have a general character of the perpendicular style impressed on them, but there are some early English, and decorated windows, buttresses, mouldings, &c. Within the last fifteen years the whole of the church has been greatly altered; with the exception of the chancel, which is an interesting specimen of (chiefly) early English. The whole of the transept, called the Newark, with the north transept, tower, &c., have been erected, since 1842. There are some good restorations in the Newark of early pointed arches, and decorated windows, and also some interesting monuments of the Vernon and Manners families, the ancient lords of Haddon, the ancestors of the Duke of Rutland, the present owner of the estates, &c. The church is also interesting from containing some curious tombstones, and relics of crosses, which were found during the late repairs. The cost of the restoration which has been going on for maay years, has exceeded £8,600, which has been raised entirely by subscriptions, aided by grants from the Church Building Societies. The tombs and monuments in Vernon chapel, in the south transept, have been replaced in their original situations, at the expense of the Duke of Rutland, amongst which are several alabaster monuments, enriched with figures in bass relief, with recumbent figures as large

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as life. One to Sir Thomas Wendesley, mortally wounded whilst fighting on the side of the house of Lancaster, at the battle of Shrewsbury in the 4th year of Henry IV., (1403.) Also Sir John Vernon, Knt., 1477. An altar-tomb to Sir George Vernon, of Haddon, and his two wives, is dated 1561; on it lies the effigy of a Knight in armour, with an inscription indicating that the body of Sir George, formerly called the King of the Peak, lyeth here. Sir John Manners, second son of Thomas, Earl of Rutland, who died 1611, and his wife Dorothy, daughter and co-heir of Sir George Vernon, who died in 1584; John Manners, third son of Sir John, who died in 1590, and Sir George Manners, who died in 1623. A memorial for Bassett Copwood, of Bubnell Hall, who died in 1628; also one on the east side, near the chancel, for Rev. Richard Chapman, who died 16th April, 1816, (erected by the inhabitants,) and was 46 years vicar of the parish. In the south aisle is an ancient monument for Sir Godfrey Foljambe, who died in 1376, and Avena his wife, who died in 1383, with various other memorials. The font in the church is of great antiquity, its form is octagon, and on each face is the representation of one of the apostles rudely sculptured. In the church yard is a very ancient stone cross, supposed to be above 800 years old; it is eight feet high exclusive of the pedestal, and two feet wide. The ornaments and sculptured devices on the four sides of the shaft are much corroded by atmospheric action; on the front of the cross, the figures appear to represent the birth, crucifixion, entombment, resurrection, and ascension of our Saviour; on the reverse is Christ entering Jerusalem upon an ass. At the west end of the churchyard is an old stone, to the memory of John Dale, with this inscription—“Know, posterity, that on the 8th of April, in the year of grace 1737, the rambling remains of the above said John Dale, were, in the 86th year of his pilgrimage, laid upon his two wives:—

The living is a vicarage, valued in the King’s book at £40, now £420. The Dean and Chapter of Lichfield are patrons, and the Rev. Hubert Kestell Cornish, M.A., incumbent and rural dean, who has upwards of 300 acres of glebe land. The great tithes belong to the Dean and chapter of Lichfield; and the vicarial are commuted for a rent charge on land, and payable from several of the townships in the parish. The greater part of the income is derived from land. The vlcarage is a large and convenient residence, picturesquely situated a little south-west of the church, one half of the house is very old, the other part has recently been rebuilt. The peal of bells in the tower were cast by Mears of London, and brought here in 1798, at a cost of £598 6s. 3d. The first peal rung upon them was to celebrate the victory of Lord Nelson, at Aboukir, on the Nile. They were lowered from the old tower on the 27th, 29th, and 30th of March, 1830, by Robert Crichlow, his brother John, and three of the sons of William Frost, all of Bakewell. When replaced in the new tower, the first peal rung was to celebrate the visit of Queen Victoria to Bakewell, and which could not have been rung half an hour earlier. They are, of the following weights, and have mottoes written by the late Michasxl Wilkinson, Esq., of Bakewell:—

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Bakewell was enclosed in 1806, when 239A. 29P. of land were awarded in lieu of tithes, and the small tithes are generally paid by agreement. The soil is principally on limestone with some clay, and on the moors peat; on the east of the Wye it is gritstone, and chiefly in grass, though a rich red soil prevails in many parts, occupied for the dairy and feeding. The Duke of Rutland is lord of the manor, which is freehold, and principal owner. Robert Arkwright, Esq., Wm. Allcard, Esq., and the executors of the late John Radford, Eaq., are also considerable owners. The market is held on Friday, and a cattle market every alternate Monday, principally supplied with fat stock from the neighbourhood. Fairs for horses, cattle, and cheese, are held on Easter Monday, Whit Monday, August 26th, Monday after October 10th, and Monday after November 11th. Feast on the 6th November. The town is well built and contains some good shops, with many handsome residences in the vicinity, the streets are paved, and lighted with gas, and the inhabitants have an excellent supply of good water. The Baths which are one of the principal attractions here, were erected by the Duke of Rutland, and contain warm and shower baths, besides the “Old Roman,” or plunge bath, which is 33 feet by 16, and enclosed with stone, and of the temperature of 60 Farenheit. It is said to be about the same strength as the sulphurous springs at Kedleston; attached to which is a Subscription News Room, supported by 30 members, who each pay

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21s. annually. It is well supplied with the London and Provincial newspapers. The Bath Gardens, in the centre of the town, with its walks and grottoes, form a pleasant promenade, and are at all times open to the public. Adjoining the gardens is the Bank of the Sheffield and Rotherham Banking Company, a handsome building in the square, near to which is the Rutland Arms Hotel, a most excellent house, fitted up in a very superior manner for the comfort of visitors, and where the most fastidious may rely upon being supplied with the best of viands and tke choicest wines. It is, with the Old Bath Hotel, at Matlock Bath, under the management of Mr. Wm. Greaves. The Old Market House, Bridge Street, is used as the Court House, where the County Court and all other town’s business is likewise transacted. Petty Sessions are held on the first and third Fridays in the month. The New Market House is in King street, and the rooms above the basement are occupied by the Free Grammar school. An excellent National school with residence for the master adjoining, was built in Mill street, in 1854, by subscription, aided by grants from the Parent and Diocesan Education Boards; it is capable of accommodating 200 children. The Wesleyan Methodists chapel in Matlock street is a good stone building, and the Independents have a neat Gothic stone structure, with school rooms beneath, in Mill street. The Friends’ Meeting House is a neat brick building in Matlock street, erected in 1853, by the Society of Friends of the Chesterfield Monthly meetings, at a cost of £600, inclusive of the burial ground attached. It will seat about 400 persons.

Bakewell and High Peak Institute, Water street, was established in 1848, it consists of an excellent library of abeut 1400 volumes, and reading room which is well supplied with the London and provincial newspapers, periodicals, &c. Mr. Isaac Bradbury, librarian, and Mr. Frederick Parker, secretary.

The Dispensary and Lying-in Institution, in Rutland terrace, established 1829, is attended gratuitously on Tuesdays and Fridays, from 9 to 10 o’clock In the morning by Mr. Edward Farnsworth, and Mr. Charles Evans, surgeons; and the lying-in hospital is under the management of a committee of ladies, by whom the most needy are supplied with linen. The number of patients admitted in both departments during the year ending December 31st, 1855, was 450. Mr. G. R. Barker, honorary secretary.

The Savings’ Bank, Bath street, a neat stone building, erected in 1848, at a cost of £300, is open every Monday morning from ten to one o’clock; had deposits November 20th, 1855, amounting to £63,501 9s., belonging to 1258 depositors, of whom 538 did not exceed £20; 163, £30; 117, £40; 69, £50; 225, £100; 69, £150; and 77 not exceeding £200; with 19 charitable, and 22 Friendly societies. Mr. Thomas Mastors, actuary.

The Gas Works, Ashford road, were erected in 1850, at a cost of about £1700, and consist of a gasometer capable of holding about 6,000 cubic feet of gas, and three retorts. Mr. John F. Taylor, secretary.

The Lock-Up, Granby road, erected in 1844, by the Duke of Rutland, is a neat stone building, containing four cells; also a good house for the keeper, Mr. James Dove. It is let to the county at an annual rent of £25.

Union Workhouse, a handsome stone building, on the Baslow road, about a quarter mile N.E. from the town, was erected in 1841, at a cost of upwards of £8,000 , and, in 1846 a Hospital was added, at a further cost of £1,400. The Union, comprises 58 Townships, viz.:—Abney and Abney Grange, Aldwark, Ashford, Bakewell, Baslow and Bubnell, Beeley, Bradwell, Birchover, Brushfield, Blackwell, Cromford, Calver, Chel­morton, Curbar, Darley Dale, Edensor, Eyam, Eyam Woodlands, Elton, Flagg, Foolow, Froggatt, Gratton, Grange Mill, Grindlow, Hassop, Hathersage, Hucklow Great, Huck­low Little, Hazlebadge, Hartington Middle Quarter, Haddon (Over), Harthill, Highlow, Litton, Longstone Little, Longstone Great, Matlock, Mony-ash, Middleton-by-Youl­greave, Nether Padley, Offerton, Outseats, Pilsley, Rowland, Rowsley and Alport, Stoke, Stanton, Sheldon, Stoney Middleton, Tideswell, Tansley, Taddington and Priestcliff, Wheston, Winster, Wensley and Snitterton, Wardlow, and Youlgreave. The Guardians, 65 in number, meet at the Board room, weekly, at 11 o’clock in the forenoon, from

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 Nov. 1st to May 1st, and fortnightly, from May 1st to Nov. 1st. The Hon. George Henry Cavendish, M.P., chairman; Rev James Burrow, chaplain; Mr. Francis Roe, clerk and superintendent registrar; Joseph Bradbury, registrar of births and deaths for Bake­well district; Wm. Hunston, for Tideswell district; and Joseph Hollows, for Matlock district; the registrars of marriages are, Joseph Bradbury, for Bakewell; and Jno. Adams, for Matlock district; the medical officers are, Mr. Jas. S. Walters, for Bakewell; Mr. M. Moore, for Hathersage; Mr. John Adams, for Matlock; Mr. Wm. Henry Sims, for Winster; Mr. John L. Parke, for Tideswell, Mr. Edw. Spence, (of Youlgreave) for Har­tington Middle Quarter; and Mr. Wm. Cantrell, for Cromford district; the relieving officers are, Joseph Washington, Stony Middleton, for the North district; and Benj. Bentley, of Darley Dale, for the South district.

The New Small Debts Act, or County Courts.—This important act, which super­seded the Court of Requests, came into operation on the 15th March, 1847.

Bakewell County Court is held at the Court House, Bridge street, monthly, and the District comprises the following places, viz.:—Baslow and Bubnell, Beeley and Harwood Grange, Birchover, Bradwell and Smalldale, Bretton, Brushfield, Calver, Chelmorton, Curbar, Edensor, Eyam, Eyam Woodlands, and Grindleford Bridge, Flagg, Foolow, Froggatt, Gratton, Grindlow, Haddon (Over), Harthill, Hartington Middle Quarter, including Crowdycote and Sterndale, Hassop, Hathersage, Hazlebadge, Highlow, Hucklow Great, Hucklow Little, Litton and Cressbrook, Longstone Great, Longstone Little, and Monsall Dale, Middleton-by-Youlgreave, Mony-ash, Nether Padley, Offerton, Outseats, Pilsley, Rowland, Rowsley, and Alport, Sheldon, Stanton, and Pilhough, with Lees amd Eagletor, Stoke, Stony Middleton, Taddington, with Priest­cliff, Tideswell, and Millers Dale, Wardlow, and Wardlow Miers, Wheston, and Youlgreave. J. T. Cantrell, Esq., Judge. Philip Hubbersty, Esq., of Wirksworth, and Mr. Chas. Gregory, Bakewell, Registrars. Mr. Wm. Marsh, Wirksworth, High Bailiff.

Bakewell Grammar School, King street, established in 1637, (see Charities) is con­ducted by Mr. Wm. Kay, L.C.P., assisted by the undernamed resident masters. The school is now in a very flourishing state, numbering 67 pupils, of whom 30 are boarders, 25 daily, and 12 foundation pupils. Mr. Wm. Kay, L.C.P., Head master. Mr. Ascough, second master. Mr. W. Mann, Third master. Herr J. B. Burke, German master. Mons. C. De St. Hubert, French and Drawing master.

Bakewell Farmers’ Club, was established in 1813, principally through the joint exertions of Mr. Lawrence Furniss, Birchill farm, and Mr. Peter Furniss, of Pilsley, and may now rank amongst the most influential in the kingdom, being liberally supported by the nobility and gentry of the district, who contribute also largely to the prize fund. The object it has in view is the promotion of agricultural improvement, for which pur­pose the members meet monthly, for discussing every subject connected with practical agriculture, and annual premiums are given for every description of farming stock, poultry, cheese, root crops, best cultivated farms, &c., &c. There is also an excellent Library attached to the Club, supplied with all the best works and periodicals, on Agriculture, as they issue from the press, thus offering every facility to members for obtaining the best instructions for practically carrying out the various agricultural im­provements of the day. The annual exbibition of stock, &c., is held at Bakewell in the month of October, and all other meetings of the club are held at the Rutland Arms hotel, Bakewell; at the annual exhibition in 1856, the Silver cup, presented by Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P., for the best cultivated farm, was awarded to Messrs. Furniss, Birchill Farm. Mr. L. Furniss, of Birchill farm, is the secretary.

Tomlinson’s Museum, King street, corner of Matlock street, contains a large collec­tion of rare and beautiful specimens of vases, figures, and ornaments; formed of the various spars, stalactites; and marbles, with which this county abounds, also a large collection of geological specimens,—a visit to which will be the source of much interest. The late Mr. Tomlinson obtained a prize medal at the New York Exhibition, in 1853, “for rich inlaid tables.”

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Trade.—The trade of the town is not very extenstive, but we may mention—the Marble works, which are occupied by Messrs. Lomas & Sons, are worked by a water power of 14 horses, employed in sawing, turning, and polishing chimney pieces and other articles, from the superior black and other marbles quarried in the neighbourhood. These beautiful manufactures are made to a considerable extent for wholesale trade. Here we also find the mauufactory of Mr. Syson Nibbs, a person of great inventive genius, the inventor and manufacturer of what are called, “The People’s Lamps,” also of the “Crystal Moderator Lamps,” the “Crimean Army Lantern,” the “Improved Smoke Preventer,” &c. Some of these lamps involve great scientific skill, and while worthy a place in the mansion of the most opulent, their simplicity in construction, cleanliness, economy, and adaption to all climates, render them applicable to all illumi­nating purposes, and within the means, of the humbler classes. The merits of these inventions have from time to time been highly spoken of, not only by the press, but also those who have publicly and privately tested them. A personal visit would prove most interesting to those who feel a pleasure in such things. Mr. Nibbs has been honoured by several orders from the Gorernment, in addition to which his patrons are to be found in all parts of the globe. The value of such a manufactory, especially in a country town, cannot be over-estimated, for here every description of ornamental work in brass, bronze; &c., may readily be obtained. A little N. of the town, on the road to Ashford, are Lumford mills, locally situated in the hamlet of Holme. These mills formerly belonged to the Arkwright family, and after having been several years unoccu­pied, are now employed by Messrs. Lomas & Tunstill, cotton spinners and manufacturers, who are making considerable improvements to the premises. The mills are worked by two water wheels of about 60 horse power, and in seasons of great drought are assisted by a steam engine of about 15 horses power; they contain about 6000 mule spindles, 5750 throstle spindles, also 100 looms with sizing, and are lighted with gas from their own works’. The number of hands employed is about 150. A stone foot bridge of six arches crosses the Wye near these mills. A fine view of Bakewell is obtained from the heights above Holme Hall.

The extension of the Manchester, Buxton, and North Midland Junction Railway it is anticipated will soon be in operation, and as it will run close no doult be a first class station here.

The Peat Well, a noted mineral spring, on the Matlock road, about a quarter mile S. from the town, is greatly resorted to by the inhabitants and visitors generally, to par­take of its waters, which are considered very efficacious in many complaints. It is sur­rounded by a small planting, and the water flows into a stone trough, and is remarkable for being of a higher temperature in winter than in summer.

Burton Closes, a large handsome stone mansion, half a mile S.E. from Bakewell, is pleasantly situated in park-like grounds on a lofty eminence, overlooking the river Wye; the entrance to which is from the Matlock road. It was built in 1847, by the late John Allcard, Esq. who died April, 1856, and was succeeded by his son Wm. Allcard, Esq., the present owner and occupier.

A handsome modern residence now occupies Castle Hill, which is about half a mile from the town. The national flag was hoisted here on the Queen’s visit in 1843. Mrs. Sarah Barker and John Henry Barker, Esq., have also handsome residences a little N.E. from the town.

The manor, Badequelle, at Domesday, afterwards corrupted to Bauquelle, was parcel of the ancient demesne of the crown. William the Conqueror, gave it to his natural son, Wm. Peverel, whose son having forfeited all his posessions in the reign of Henry II., this manor was given by King John to Ralph Gernon. In 1286, Wm. Gernon, Lord of Bakewell, granted certain privileges to the burgesses of that town. The coheiresses of Sir John Gernon, who died 1383, married Botetourt and Peyton.  Sir Richard Swinburne, who married the heiress of Botetourt, died in 1391. Alice,

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one of the sisters and coheiress of his son, Sir Thomas, brought the manor of Bakewell to John Helion. Isabel, one of the coheiresses of his son, brought it to Humphrey Tyrell, whose daughter and heiress having married Sir Roger Wentworth, joined in the sale of this manor to Sir Henry Vernon, in the year 1502. It has since passed with the Haddon estate, to the present possessor.

Moor Hall, about one mile W. is said to have been an ancient seat of the Gernons. King John, in the first year of his reign, granted the church at Bakewell, then collegiate, with its prebends and other appurtenances to the canons of Lichfield, to whom it was afterwards appropriated. At the time, this grant was made there were three offi­ciating priests in this church, for whom a competent maintenance was stipulated, and and one of the prebendaries of Lichfield was to say mass for the souls of the King and his ancestors, in Lichfield cathedral. There were three prebends at Bakewell,—Matthew, a canon of Lichfield, being incumbent of one of them. The Dean and Chapter allowed him to retain it during his life. In consequence of a complaint which came before John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, at his visitation at the diocese of Lichfield, that the deacon and sub-deacon of the rich church of Bakewell were so ill provided for, that they were obliged to beg their bread,—it was ordered by the Archbishop, in 1280, that they should eat at the vicar’s table, and that for the extraordinary expense, ten marks per annum should be allowed him out of the rectory, in addition to twenty marks which he before received; and it is observed he had already two priests and the clerk to main­tain. A mark was allowed the deacon, and ten shillings to the sub-deacon, for clothes. Before the Reformation, there were two chantries in Bakewell church, one at the altar of the Holy Cross, founded in 1365, by Sir Godfrey Foljambe, and Avena his wife, valued at £6 6s. 2d., first Edward VI.; and the other at the altar of the Virgin Mary, valued at £4.

Moorside, a district extending two miles N.E. The commons about Bakewell and Over Haddon were formerly one continued dreary waste, but now present a scene of rich enclosures, interspersed with wide-spreading plantations belonging to the Duke of Rutland. Haddon (Over and Nether,) Hartle, and Hassop, inhabitants attend BakeweIl church.

The remaining parts of this large parish are given by chapelries, with the town­ships in each.

CHARITIES.—Lady Manners, in 1637, left a rent charge of £15 per annum, out of lands at Elton, to a schoolmaster, for the instruction of male children of the township of Bakewell and Great Rowsley. The master also receives a voluntary addition of £40 from the Duke of Rutland, making in the whole, £55 per annum; and according to the revised regulations and rules, 20 youths are admitted on the foundation, on the payment of 1s. for registration, and instructed in English generally, Latin, and Greek. at 5s. 3d. per quarter. Mr. Wm. Kay, L.C.P., the master, has good accommoda­tion for boarders, at his own residence, Bridge street.

Mary Hague, in 1715, gave for ever the rents of a house and garden, situ­ated in South Church street, Bakewell, to a schoolmaster or mistress, for instructing 7 poor children.

St. John’s Hospital was founded, in 1602, by Roger Manners, who left a rent charge of £40 per annum for the support of 6 poor men. £22 of this sum is charged on the Duke of Rutland’s estate at Nether Haddon, and £18 is paid out of an estate at Wens­ley. Each inmate receives £5 a year, and 20s. for a new gown, and £4 yearly is given to a laundress.

Robert Bott, in 1665, left 10s. a year to be given to the vicar for a sermon at Whitsuntide, and 7s. to be distributed in bread to the poor.

In 1676, Anne Swan left 10s. per annum to be given to twenty poor widows at Bakewell.

In 1700, Robert Scholler directed 40s. a year to be paid out of his estate for the benefit of the poor. This sum is usually laid out in coals, once in a few years, and given to the poor.

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St. Andrew’s Charity, or Town Stock, consists of land purchased, in 1713, with sums of money left by various donors, to the amount of £150. The treasurer also ac­counts for 13s. as the interest of £16 left by Thos. Bagshaw, John Gell, and Thos. Barker. The annual income of this charity is upwards of £23, which is distributed in apprentice fees, in sums of one guinea to poor people of the township, and a subscription of £2 2s. to the Sheffield infirmary.

An annual sum of £2 4s., the interest of £44, is distributed amongst the poor, arising from the gift of Wm. Naylor, Mrs. May, and Mrs. Bagshaw.

A sum of 20s. yearly is charged on land at Youlgreave, from the bequest of Catherine Broomehead, in 1754, 10s. of which is paid to the vicar for preaching a sermon on the 25th Oct., and 10s, is given to the poor.

In 1754, Ellen Webster directed 40s. per annum to be given to the poor of Bakewell, out of land called the Willsough Pingles.

The residue of rents are laid out in useful books for the charity school at Youlgreave.

The Holme Meal Charity is supposed to have originated upwards of a century and a half ago, from a voluntary weekly donation of oatmeal to the poor by the Archer family of Holme House. At the sale of the estates of the late John Archer, in 1802, five pecks and one-eighth of oatmeal weekly were charged upon land within Bakewell and Holme. It is now distributed every three or four years to the poor of this township and Great Youlgreave.

In 1798, Matthew Strutt left £10, the interest to be given to poor widows.

The Rev. Francis Gisborne—(See Bradley)—left an annual sum of £5 10s., which is usually distributed in flannel or coarse cloth, in winter by the incumbent.

OVER AND NETHER HADDON form a joint township, which contains 2835A. 0R. 7P. of land, principally grazing, and in 1851 had 57 houses, and 235 inhabitants, of whom 113 were males and 122 females; rateable value £3,092 15s. Over Haddon is one of the most roman­tic villages in the county, situated on a lofty abrupt rocky eminence, 2 miles S.W. from Bakewell, overlooking the vale of the river Lathkill. A Sunday school was erected in 1883, in which divine service is occasionally performed. It is a good stone building. The scenery round here is beautiful, the houses here are built with stone, and generally covered with slate. This township has been noted for upwards of 100 years for its productive lead mines, viz, the Mandale, which was worked by Messrs. Wakefield & Co., for more than a century, and the Lathkill, by Messrs. Alsop, Taylor, and Co., for about 20 years, both of which have been standing for the last five years, owing to being overflowed with water. In 1854, the Far­cliff Hill Lead mine was established by a Company of 1,000 shareholders, in 10s. shares. They found in great quantities ore, supposed to be gold ore, some tons of which were sent to London to be tested, it was found to contain a small portion of gold and silver, but not sufficient to pay for getting, but it is expected that lead will be found in great quan­tities, as several large lumps, weighing more than a stone each, have already been found. The soil is a good brown loam on limestone. Lady Palmerston is lady of the manor, which is freehold, and principal owner. The Duke of Rutland, Mr. John Finney, Mr. Edward Radford, and Mr. John Finney, are also owners. Feast, Sunday nearest to 12th November. Nether Haddon, a hamlet forming the eastern side of the township, being bounded on the east by the river Derwent, contains 1,474A. 3R. 2P. of freehold land, of the rateable value of £1,309 11s. The Duke of Rutland is lord of the manor and sole owner. It contains only two houses, of which one is Haddon Hall, an ancient baronial residence, 1½ miles S. by E. from Bakewell. At Domesday survey, Haddon is stated to be a berewick in the manor of Bakewell, and probably it existed as a strong castle prior to the conquest. This relic of past ages is one of the finest specimens of olden times in existence, and strikiugly illustrates the rude magnificence of feudal lords in bygone days. It was granted at an early period by one of the Peverels to a retainer named Avenell, on the tenure of knight’s

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service, in whose family it continued till the time of Richard I., when their coheiresses married Vernon and Basset. The heiress of Vernon, in the reign of Henry III., married Gilbert le Francis, whose son, Richard, took the name of Vernon, and died at the age of 29, in 1296. This Richard was common ancestor of the Vernons of Haddon, Stokesay, Hodnet, Sudbury, &c. The Bassets continued to possess a moiety of the manor of Nether Haddon in the reign of Edward III., but in or before the reign of Henry VI., the whole became vested in the Vernons, who purchased Basset’s moiety. Sir Richard Vernon of Haddon was Speaker of the parliament at Leicester in 1425; his son, of the same name, was the last person who held for life the high office of constable of England. Sir Henry Vernon, grandson of the latter, was governor to Prince Arthur, son of Henry VIII., who is said to have resided with him at Haddon. The Haddon branch of the Vernons became extinct in 1565, by the death of Sir George Vernon, who, by the magnificence of his retinue, and his great hospitality, acquired the name of “King of the Peak.” Dorothy, the younger of his coheiresses, brought Haddon to Sir John Manners, second son of Thomas, the first Earl of Rutland, of that family, and immediate ancestor of his Grace the Duke of Rutland. Haddon continued to be the chief residence of Sir John Manners and his descendants till 1641, when the grandchild of Sir John succeeded to the Earldom of Rutland on the death of George Manners, the seventh earl of that name, without male issue, after which time Belvoir, the ancient seat of the Manners, was, alternately with Haddon, the residence of the noble family. In the time of the first Duke of Rutland, (so created by Queen Anne,) seven score servants were maintained at Haddon; but shortly after this period it was finally quitted for Belvoir, since which it has occasionally been the scene of mirth and revelry. A ball was given here by the inhabitants of Bakewell, on occasion of the peace of 1802, and one in 1836, on the Marquis of Granby attaining his majority, when the Duke gave a grand treat to all his tenantry in the neighbourhood. The ancient castellated mansion of Haddon Hall exhibits the architecture of various periods, having been built at various times by the families of Vernon and Manners. The general appearance of this ancient mansion, with its turrets surrounded by woody scenery, is very picturesque. The old tower, with narrow loop-holes and gloomy rooms, is the only part that retains the strong character of the age of military despotism which succeeded the departure of the Romans. This part of the building is said to be older than the conquest; but this forms only a small part of the modern Haddon. The first great quadrangle, and the three sides of the second are built in the style of our ancient halls—a combination of Gothic and Saxon, without those powerful and gloomy defences. The gallery in the south front, about 110 feet long, and only 17 in width, was built in the reign of Elizabeth. The great hall was the ancient dining-room. Most of the other apartments, which are numerous, are only small. About the year 1760, the house was entirely stripped of its furniture, which was removed to Belvoir castle. The chapel at the south-west angle, is entered through a porch with a pointed archway. In this stands the basin which held the holy water. It has a nave, with two side aisles; it is very ancient, but of small dimensions. Two high pews of oak, which have been richly gilt, occupy a good portion of the chapel on each side. Over the communion table is a Gothic window, with a painting of the crucifixion on one of the panes, and others exhibiting figures of saints and angels, and the date of 1427. It is said the finest specimens of the stained glass were stolen some years ago, and conveyed to the Continent. As an object of antiquarian research, Haddon Hall will have its attractions a long as it exists, and the beauty of the scenery ever excite the admiration of the traveller. Over Haddon was the birth-place and residence of Martha Taylor, a celebrated fasting damsel, who, it is said, began to abstain from food on the 22nd of December, 1667, being in her eighteenth year, said to have been occasioned by a blow received some years before; but her illness is said not to have commenced till the end of August preceding. It is said she once, after she left off eating, swallowed part of a fig, which had nearly proved fatal to her. She underwent two watches, having been attended by from, forty to sixty women, who watched

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strictly night and day. One of these watches was appointed by the neighbouring town­ships, the other by the Earl of Devonshire. Four different pamphlets were published, one by Joseph Reynolds, and addressed to the Royal Society; the last extant is dated March 30, 1669. By an entry in the parish register, it appears she was buried June 12, 1684, having survived the publication of the last pamphlet fifteen years. There is no account of the sequel whether she was detected as an impostor, or whether she was a real sufferer, and having recovered, returned to her usual habits. It is probable some of these pamphlets might have fallen into the hands of the notorious impostor, Ann Moore, and suggested the leading circumstances of her impositions. She resided at Tutbury, but, it is said, was a native of Derbyshire. She pretended to have lived, without eating or drinking, from 1807 till 1813. She was subjected to a watch for sixteen days and nights in 1811, but was not detected, and again one which commenced April 21st, 1813, and continued till the 30th, when this extraordinary case was discovered to be a cheat. She died a few months afterwards, aged 53 years.

HARTLE or HARTHILL, a small township, 3¼ miles S. S. E. from Bakewell, contains 10 houses, scattered upon the hill sides; 78 inhabitants, of whom 44 were males, and 34 females; and 811A. 2R. 17P. of fertile land, mostly occupied as dairy farms; rateable value, £871 6s. 0d. The Duke of Rutland and William Pole Thornhill, Esq., M.P., are the owners; the former is lord of the manor. Here are some lead mines, which have not been worked to much extent for some time. This manor at an early period belonged to the family of de Herthill, whose heiress brought it with other estates to the Cockaines, in the reign of Edward III. Edward Cockaine, Esq., in the year 1599, sold this manor to John Manners, Esq., from whom it descended to the Duke of Rutland. The Hall, an ancient stone building now a farm house, in the occupation of Mr. Jno. Potter, is situated on the brow of’ a lofty eminence, known as Priest Hill; about 3 miles S. from Bakewell, adjoining which are the remains of a chapel, in which a chantry was founded in the year 1259, by Richard de Herthill. It is now used as a barn, at the east end are portions of the niche in which the tutelar saint was placed, and vestiges of the original doors and windows are still to be seen. Near the south west side of Harthill Moor, is an elevated ridge, which rises into three craggy eminences, respectively named Carcliff Rocks, Graned Tor, or Robin Hood’s Stride, and Durwood Tor. There are also in the immediate neighbourhood other remarkable stones, or isolated masses of rock, denominated respec­tively the Cat’s Stone, the Gorse Stone, and the Heart Stone, whleh latter measures eighty three feet in circumference.

HASSOP, a small well built village and township, at the foot of a lofty hill, 3 miles N. from Bakewell, contains 1338A. 0R. 4P. of good land, principally on limestone, with a portion of grit and clay, and in 1851 had 19 houses and 95 inhabitants, of whom 45 were males, and 50 females; rateable value £1823 15s. Colonel Charles Leslie and the Duke of Devonshire are the principal owners, the former is lord of the manor. The large tithes was sold to the late Earl Newburgh, and the small are paid by annual agreement. Hassop Hall, is the seat and property of Col. Charles Leslie. It is a handsome mansion, situated on a fine acclivity which rises to a considerable elevation to the west. The hall is closely embowered with luxuriant foilage, surrounded with tasteful pleasure grounds and beautiful terraces, adorned with choice flowers and valuable shrubs. The conservatories and vineries arranged on terraces, and from their elevated position, have a pleasing effect. The present owner has recently built two handsome stone lodges, one on the Bakewell road and the other at the east end of the village; adjoining the latter is a handsome stone tower, he has also greatly improved and beautified the hall. Near the entrance to the hall about 1816, a handsome Catholic cbapel was erected by the late Earl of Newburgh, and other members of that family; it is a substantial stone building, the roof of which extends about three feet from the walls. The interior fittings are of the most chaste and costly description; the altar and tables are composed of various marbles, elaborately worked with foilage and scrolls brought from Naples, and the alter piece is adorned with an exquisite painting of the

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Crucifixion, by Lewis Carracci. It contains a good organ, erected by Lincoln, of London. Hassop Hall was garrisoned for the King, by Col. Eyre, in the month of December, 1643. There is a portrait in the hall of this gallant royalist, who distinguished himself at the siege of Newark; besides others of the Eyre family, and that of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. The manor of Hassop was formerly in the Foljambes. The heiress of Sir Godfrey Foljambe brought it, in the fourteenth century, to Sir Robert Plumpton, of Yorkshire. Sir Robert, his grandson, sold Hassop, in 1498, to Catherine, widow of Stephen Eyre, of this place, a younger son of Eyre, of Padley. Francis Eyre, Esq., the immediate descendant of Stephen, on the death of the Earl of Newburgh, in 1814, assumed that title. The late Earl of Newburgh died October 15th, 1852, at which time the estate came into the possession of his sister Dorothy, (Lady Leslie,) who willed it to her husband; she died November 25th, 1853. This township is noted for its lead mines, of which there are several, namely, The Brightside, Backdale, Harrybuca, Waterhole, and Whilecoe mines all of which are at present worked. The Feast is held on the Sunday nearest to All Saints’ day.

BIRCHILL is a large farm, the property of the Duke of Devonshire, and in the occupa­tion of Messrs. Lawrence and George Furniss. This farm during the year 1850, was placed in competition with six other large and highly cultivated farms in North Derbyshire, for a silver cup, value £107 given by Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P., president of the “Bakewell Farmers’ Club,” for the best cultivated farm in the district, was awarded to the occupiers of Birchill Farm, as will appear from the following inscription on it. “This cup was presented by Sir Joseph Paxton, president of the Bakewell Farmers’ Club for 1856, to Messrs. Furniss, Birchill’s Farm, for having the best managed large farm in the district.” This being the most spirited competition, which ever took place in North Derbyshire, we have thought it worthy of notice.

CHARITIES.—In 1624, Rowland Eyre, directed a rent charge of 10s. per annum to be paid to the poor, out of his lands at Taddington and Great Lougstone. This sum is now paid by Colonel Leslie, who also pays 10s. annually to the poor of Rowland, left by the same donor.

ROWSLEY (Great) township and village, situated at the confluence of the river Wye with the Derwent, and on the road from Bakewell to Derby, 3¼ miles E.S.E. from Bakewell, and 13 miles W.S.W. from Chesterfield, contains 621A. 0R. 36P. of fertile land, mostly in grass, 50 houses, and 265 inhabitants, of whom 130 were males, and 135 females; rateable value £1,074 2s. The Duke of Rutland is sole owner and lord of the manor, which is free of great tithe, and those of lamb and wool are paid by annual agreement. An ancient bridge of five arches crosses the Derwent, and a handsome modern stone bridge of two arches crosses the Wye. The Church, dedicated to St. Catherine, was erected in 1854, at a cost of £850, raised by subscriptions, towards which the Duke of Rutland contributed liberally, and also gave the site, and £70 was contributed by the Incorporated Society for building churches, upon condition that 131 seats should be free and unappropriated for ever. The church is situated on a slight elevation, about the centre of the village, and is a handsome stone edifice in the Norman style of architecture, with turret and one bell. The The interior is neatly fitted up with open pews, and will seat 150 persons. In the chancel the floor of which is laid with Minto’s encaustic tiles, is a handsome memorial window filled with stained glass, to the memory of Catherine Louisa Georgiana, wife of Lord John Manners, who died April 7th, 1854, aged 23 years. The subjects represented are the Resurrection of our Saviour, and the raising of the widow’s son. The Rev. John Jones, B.A., is the incumbent. In the village is a good Inn. In 1840, a handsome substantial school was erected by the Duke of Rutland, who provides a house for the teacher, and with the small payments of the children, assures to the teacher £30 per annum. The township also is entitled to partake of the benefit of Lady Manners’ school at Bakewell.

CHARITIES.—In 1700, Robert Scholler left 20s. per annum to be distributed in small sums to the poor of this township, and 10s. per annum to the poor of Pillhough.

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The interest of £10 is distributed to five widows or fatherless children of this township from the bequest of Rachael Ashbourne, in 1752.

An annual sum of 2s. 6d. is paid to the poor, by the agent of the Duke of Rutland.

BAKEWELL DIRECTORY.

Post Office, Bridge place, Joseph Swaine, post-master. Letters are despatched to Buxton at 5.30 a.m. To Buxton, Stockport, Manchester, and the North, at 12.30 p.m. To Sheffield and the North, at 4.0 p.m., and to London, Chesterfield, the North and South, and general letters at 7.30 p.m, Letters arrive from London, and the North and South and general letters at 5.30 a.m.. From Sheffield and the North at 12.0 noon. From Manchester, Stockport, and Buxton, at 5.0 p.m., and from Buxton at 7.30 p.m.

Money Orders are granted and paid from 9.0 a.m. to 6.0 p.m.

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HADDON (OVER AND NETHER.)

? All the names in the following Directory are in Over-Haddon, unless otherwise specified.

HARTLE.

HASSOP.

ROWSLEY.

Post Office, at Mr. Richd. Tomlinson’s. Letters arrive from Bakewell at 8.30 am., are despatched at 5.0 p.m.

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