HOPE is an extensive parish, containing the townships of Hope, Abney and Abney Grange, Aston, Bradwell, Brough and Shatton, Fairfield chapelry, Fernilee, Grindlow, Hazlebadge, Highlow, Hucklow Great, Hucklow Little, Offerton, Padley Nether, Stoke, Thornhill, Wardlow, (part of) and Woodland Hope, which, together contain 41,131A. 0R. 5P. of land, including roads and waste, and in 1851 had 980 houses and 4604 inhabitants, of whom 2359 were males and 2245 were females; rateable value £19,178 2s. ld.

HOPE is a small pleasant and well built market town, situated on the Sheffield and Chapel-en-le-Frith turnpike road, and at the confluence of two streams, which form the river Noe, 6 miles N. by E. from Tideswell, 4 miles W.S.W. from Hathersage, and 15 miles S.W. from Sheffield, contains 2500 acres of fertile land, and in 1851 had 99 houses and 429 inhabitants, of whom 215 were males and 214 females; rateable value £2219 9s. 1d. Colonel Leslie is the principal owner, Benj. Bagshaw, Esq., Mr. Robt. Middleton, Mrs. Nuttall, Wm. Fleming, M.D., Mr. Chpr. Greaves Middleton, Mr. Thos. Elliott, and Philip Hubbersty, Esq., are also owners. The Church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a vicarage, valued in the King’s book at £13 13s. 4d., now £380, endowed with £10 private benefac­tion, in the peculiar jurisdiction and patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield. The Rev. Chas. John Daniel, M.A., is the incumbent. The Church is a large ancient structure, in the later style of English architecture, wirh nave, chancel, side aisles, a tower sur­mounted by a spire, in which is a peal of six good bells. The vicarage is a handsome stone residence, erected in 1856, on the site of the old one, a little south of the Church, at a cost of £1000 aided by a grant of £600 from the Church Building Society. In the Church is a monument to Henry Balguy; Esq., of Rowlee, who died in 1685. The large tithe have been sold to the land owners, and the small are commuted for. The award of the enclosure was signed 31st December, 1819. The manor of Hope was part of the ancient demense of the crown, and had seven hamlets annexed to it at the Domesday survey; it was afterwards considered as part of the manor of the High Peak, and that manor having since been divided into two, it is now esteemed part of the manor of Castleton, held on lease by the Duke of Devonshire. Joseph Hall, Esq., is lord of the rectory manor. In 1205, King John granted the Church to the Bishop of Lichfield, with

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the chapelry of Tideswell, then an appendage; by some subsequent arrangement it was vested in the dean and chapter, by whom the rectory manor was sold, in the reign of Edward VI., to Ralph Gell, Esq., of Hopton. The devisees in trust of Philip Gell, Esq., sold it to John Bagshaw, Esq., the latter conveyed it to the late Mr. Micah Hall, of Castleton. In the year 1715, John Balguy, Esq., of Hope Hall, procured a grant for a weekly market on Saturday, and four fairs. The market was long discontinued, but, in 1843, was again revived, and was held on Thursday, until 1855, when a cattle market was established, which is held on the last Wednesday in every month; and the fairs, princinally for cattle, are held March 28th and May 13th, with a statutes for hiring servants, on the latter day. The Wesleyan Methodists have a neat chapel here, erected in 1835. Here is an ancient school, endowed with £8 per annum, in which the teacher’s old oak chair, dated 1664, has an inscription upon it, “Ex torto ligno non fit Mercurius,” translated thus—“An Apollo is not made out of a twisted log.”

Eccles House, half a mile south of the village, pleasantly situated on an eminence, is the property of Wm. Fleming, Esq., M.D., of Westmorland, and residence of William and A. B. Greaves. About half a mile west from Hope is the cupola of Robt. How Ashton, Esq.

Pimdale Lime Works, are situated 1 mile S.W. from Hope. This lime is considered to be the best in the county for agricultural purposes, Mr. Nathan Woodroofe Ashton, proprietor. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows have a lodge here, who hold their meetings at the Hall Hotel. Here is also a male and female sick and a funeral society in the town.

CHARITIES—Rev. Francis Gisborne’s Charity.—(See Bradley).—The annual sum of £5 10s., received by the vicar for the township of Hope, is laid out in coarse woollen cloth and flannel, and distributed by him amongst the poor about Christmas.

Hope School.—By indentures, March, 1742, Francis Foljambe and five others were appointed trustees, the vicar being one. It is also recited that a messuage in Hope, containing fourteen yards in length and seven in breadth, was conveyed to trustees by Thomas Stevenson, for a free school in Hope, for the habitation of a schoolmaster, and that Thomas Wormald, and Martha his wife, in consideration of £100, conveyed to the trustees of the school a piece of land in Chinley, in the parish of Glossop, called Upper South Head, with a slate break, in trust, that they should pay the clear yearly rents to the schoolmaster at Hope. The property belonging the school consists of 16 acres of land at Chinley, now let for £7 a year, stated to be its full value, also a stone quarry, for which the master, up to 1817, received £5 a year. Since that period nothing has been received. The master ought to have a residence, with a small garden; he also is intitled to £1 11s. 6d. yearly as the interest of one moiety of Champion’s legacy, for which he teaches reading to ten children, both of which have not been allowed for some years. The present vicar is taking great interest in searching into the rights of this school.

Rev. Jacob Creswell, by will, in 1722, gave to the poor of Hope, to be paid every New Year’s day, the sum of £1 5s. A piece of land, in an open field in Hope, appears to have been derived from this donor, and by the award of the commissioners, 1819, an allotment was set out to the poor of Hope, containing 4A. 0R. 32P., which, it is stated, was set out in lieu of the above-mentioned land, and also of another piece in the same field, the rents of which had always been carried to the account of the headborough of Hope. The allotment forms one field, let by the overseer for £9 9s. per annum, of which £4 is paid to Creswell’s charity, £2 16s. to the headborough, and £2 13s. to the overseer’s accounts. It does not appear why any part is carried to the overseer’s account. The sum of £4 is disposed of by the overseer, on account of this charity on New Year’s day, amongst poor persons of the township of Hope, in sums varying from 1s. to 4s.

Mrs. Creswell, relict of Jacob Creswell, by will, in 1730, left a close, called the Hall Croft Head, in Hope, and a house in Castleton, the profits thereof to be employed in putting out poor children as apprentices. The Hall Croft Head is now let for £6 per annum, and a carpenter’s shop, formerly a dwelling-house, for £2 10s. The rents are applicd in placing out apprentices, with whom from £4 to £5 is paid, and in providing them previously, with

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clothing. At the time of our enquiry, there was a balance of £29 11s. 9d. in the overseer’s hands.

Joseph Champion, by will, 1784, left the sum of £70 to be placed out on interest, one half of which to be paid yearly to the schoolmaster of Hope, to teach so many as it will pay for, to read, and the othcr half to be laid out in wheaten bread, weekly, and given to such poor persons as should attend divine service on a Sunday morning, the vicar or curate, and churchwardens to be trustees. The £70 is lent on interest, at 4½ per cent., of which one half is paid to the schoolmaster, and the remaining £1 11s. 6d, is expended in bread.

Henry Balguy it is stated on a tablet of benefactions, gave £10 to the poor of Hope, and £5 for putting out apprentices. The former sum, it is supposed, was paid to the school account, but of the latter we have obtained no information.

ARNEY and ARNEY GRANGE, form a joint township, and consists of two small hamlets and a few scattered farms 4 miles N.E. from Tideswell, and 3 miles S.W. from Hathersage, contains 685A. 3R. 29P. of gritstone land, (besides 500 acres of commons not rated) and in 1851 had 21 houses and 99 inhabitants, of whom 61 were males and 38 females; rate­able value £685. Humphrey Bowles, Esq., is lord of the manor, and owns four-fifths of the land, and Colonel Leslie the remainder. Tithes were commuted in 1848 for £91. There are no mines worked here now, and some of the oldest inhabitants remember twenty houses more than at present in the township. The Wesleyan Methodists have a small chapel, in which a Sunday school is kept. The manor, (Habenae) at the Domesday survey belonged to William Peverel. In the reign of Edward II. it belonged to the family of Archer, and at a later period to one of the Bagshaw family, by whom it was sold to the Bradshaws, when, after two centuries, it passed to the Galliards of Edmonton, in Middlesex. The sister and coheiress of the latter brought it to Charles Bowles, Esq., of East Shean, in Surrey.

ASTON is a small village and township containing several scattered houses, situated on an acclivity 1 mile E. from Hope, and 6½ miles N.N.E. from Tideswell, contains 540 acres of land, partly clay and red soil, including 33 acres of plantations, and in 1851 had 23 houses and 119 inhabitants, of whom 62 were males and 57 females; rateable value £335 It is in the manor of Hope. Colonel Leslie, Robert How Ashton, Esq., Rev. Joseph Nodder, with several others are owners. Tithes were commuted in 1847. The vicar of Hope receives £50 for large tithe, and Mr. Joseph Goodwin, 20s. for small tithe.

BRADWELL is a large ancient irregular built village and township, in a sheltered situa­tion, nearly surrounded with lofty hills, 4 miles N.N.E. from Tideswell, 10 miles N.N.W. from Bakewell, 4 miles S.W. from Hathersage, contains 2270 acres of land, and in 1851 had 306 houses and 1334 inhabitants, of whom 650 were males and 684 females; rateable value £1,925. It is in the manor of Castleton. Col. Leslie owns nearly one half of the township. There are also about 140 small freeholders. The land is considered good for grazing purposes, and Bradwell hills are noted for their rich herbage, peculiarly adopted for young horses, great numbers of which are sent from various parts of the country. Mining operations are the chief employment of the inhabitants, and veins of lead ore, running from east to west, are worked to a distance of three miles from the village. There are three cupolas for smelting lead ore, two of which are at present standing, the other is worked by the Brightside Mining Compy. Mr. Thos. Burgoyne has large works here for smelting slag. Hats have been made for a considerable period in the village. The Pimdale Limeworks are situated 1 mile S. from Hope. The lime is considered to be the best in the county for agricultural purposes; Mr. N. W. Ashton, proprietor. The tithe was commuted in 1844 for £103. The Wesleyan Methodists have a neat chapel here, erected in 1807, and a Sunday school in 1844, at a cost of £200, raised by subscription. The Primitive Methedsits have a large stone chapel, erected in 1845, at a cost of £700, and they now use a chapel, which formerly belonged to the Baptists, as a Sunday school. The Unitarian chapel was rebuilt in 1754. Bradwell Sunday school was erected by general subscription in 1826, at a cost of £300, in which a day school is also kept. A school was built in 1825 by John

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Birley, Esq., and endowed by Elias Marshall with £3 per annum, for which five children are taught free. Bradwell Dale is a romantic chasm of high rocks and precipitous cliffs, which extend to Hazlebadge. Near Eden Tree, or Bath Tavern, are two saline springs, the property of Mr. Middleton, the use of which has been found very efficacious in many instances; they are only a few degrees of lower temperature than the Buxton or Matlock waters. This place is noted for its crystalized or Bagshaw cavern, which was discovered about 1807, and extends in a succession of rocky fissures and chasms for nearly half a mile. The cavern is entered by a descent of 126 rough hewn steps, which lead to the first landing; from this place the caverns are approached by low narrow passages, but, having surmounted these difficulties, scenes of unparalleled beauty and splendour succeed. The different recesses, from their singular beauty, are dignified with appropriate names, as the Grotto of Calypso, the Grotto of Paradise, the Music Chamber, Constellation Grotto, Hall of State, &c., &c. On entering this cavern, the convenient covering of the miners is necessary, and in visiting it the lover of nature cannot be disappointed, it is so rich in stalactitic matter. Mr. Michah Hall is the guide.

CHARITIES.—Elias Marshall, in 1765, gave a piece of land beneath the Long Meadow Causeway, containing half an acre; another parcel of enclosed land in the town furlong, with a barnstead at the east end, containing half an acre, all in Bradwell, upon trust, out of the rents to cause five of the poorest children in Bradwell to read. The property now consists of a close called the Molly Pingle, containing 2R. 34P., and an allotment set out at the enclosure of 1R. 22P., in the Butts, let for £3 per annum; another small allotment, too trifling to enclose was sold for £5. The rent is received by one of the trustees, and paid to a schoolmistress, who keeps a school in a room built by Mr. Birley, for that pur­pose; she instructs five children in reading.

Thomas Hallam, by will, 1729, gave, to the poor of Bradwell half an acre of land in a place called the Moor Hall, for ever, the rents thereof to be distributed to poor widows and fatherless children on St. Thomas’s day. George Barnsley, who for many years occupied this land at the rent of 12s. 6d., sold it about the year 1806 as his own property, subject to the above rent for the poor. About 1811, an allotment of seven perches on Bradwell Edge was awarded in respect of it, the whole of which is now let for £2 17s. per annum. It seems evident that George Barnsley had no title to the premises, and that the charity is entitled to the land, with the allotment set out in respect of it. The present owner pays 12s. 6d. to the overseer, who distributes it on St. Thomas’s day.

Thomas Middleton, by will, 1729, left to the poor of Bradwell the sum of 5s., to be paid every St. Thomas’s day. There is also another rent charge mentioned in the returns of 1786, of 5s., given by Thomas Middleton, weaver.. The yearly sum of 10s., is now paid by Thomas Middleton, in respect of the Bank Closes which is distributed as directed.

Mary Hall, by will, 1762, bequeathed to poor widows and fatherless children of Bradwell 15s. yearly, to be paid on St. Thomas’s day by her executor, George Barnsley, chargeable on a piece of land called the Moor Law. By an agreement with the overseers, dated 16th December, 1799, the said George Bsrnsley gave to the poor of Bradwell two cottage houses on Bradwell hills, each of them let at the rent of 18s. a year, on the payment of £5 to the said George Barnsley, and 15s. yearly on St. Thomas’s day. The overseers of the township are in possession of the cottages, and the yearly sum of 15s. is paid out of the poor rates, and distributed according to the donor’s intention.

Mr. Artram, it is stated on a tablet in Hope church, left to the poor of Bradwell 12s., to be paid every St. Thomas’s day. The yearly sum of 15s. is stated to have been formerly paid by Isaac Morton from a piece of land called the Hinde-tongue’s Legge, which had been secured by deed dated 12th September, 1667, but it has been discontinued for a long period; attempts have, been made to recover it, but there seems to be no sufficient evidence to support the claim.

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BROUGH and SHATTON hamlets form a joint township, which contains 980A. 3R. 11P. of meadow, arable, and pasture land, (inclusive of 530 acres of common land,) and in 1851 had 20 houses, and 98 inhabitants, of whom 45 were males, and 53 females; rateable value £539 19s. 7d. It is in the manor of Castleton. The Duke of Devonshire, Colonel Leslie, Francis B. Champion, Esq., Rev. John Champion, Executors of Jonathan Taylor, Mr. William Greaves, Thomas Cockayne, Thomas Wilson, and Miss Rawson, are the owners. The former is lord of the manor.

BROUGH is a small pleasant village, 1 mile S.E. from Hope, and 5 miles N.N.E. from Tideswell; it is a place of considerable antiquity, and was of some importance in the time of the Romans. It is said to have been the Roman station, Crecoland, and that there was a castle near the confluence of two streams, Noe and the Bradwell waters. The angle of two streams is a situation which the Romans seem always to have chosen if they could possibly obtain it. Numerous relics have been found here, consisting of every species of Roman antiquities, amongst which was a gold coin of Vespasian. In 1761, the Rev. Mr. Pegge visited the place, and saw a rude bust of Apollo, and of another deity, in stone. A double row of gritstone pillars formerly crossed the field in which, the two streams have their confluence, and foundations of buildings have been turned up by the plough, on every side, when pieces of swords, spears, bridle bits, tiles, and bricks have been found. About seventy years ago, two large urns containing ashes were taken out of the ground in a fine state of preservation, which were sent to London; at a later period, a half-length figure of a woman was found, with her arms folded across her breast, cut in rough gritstone. Brough Mill, which in the reign of Edward III. belonged to the family of Strelley, was then held by the service of attending the King on horseback whenever he should come into Derbyshire, carrying a heroner, (heron falcon.) If his horse should die on the journey, the king was to buy him another, and to provide two robes and bouche of court.

SHATTON (Upper and Lower) 1 mile E. from Brough, consists of four farms.

FERNILEE, or FERNEY-LEY, a scattered village and township pleasantly situated near the river Goyt, on the road from Whaley Bridge to Buxton, 4 miles S.W. from Chapel-en-­le-Frith, and 5¼ miles N.W. from Buxton, contains 2566A. 0R. 36P. of land, (soil various,) and in 1851 had 140 houses, and 651 inhabitants, of whom 335 were males, and 316 females; rateable value £1,632 12s. It is in the manor of the High Peak. The principal owners are Duke of Devonshire, J. W. Joddrell, Esq., Guy Gisborne, Esq., Samuel Grimshaw, Esq., Edward Marshland, Esq., Thomas Williamson, Esq., George Dunn, Esq., Mr. John Dixon, Mrs. Mary Stevenson, and Daniel Rawson, Esq. The High Peak railway passes through the township from Whaley to Cromford, near the Manchester and Burton turnpike road. In 1848, a National school was erected of stone, the cost being raised by subscription and grants. The building consists of one large long room which will accom­modate about 200, and the average attendance is about 80; there is a house for the master and mistress attached.

Buxton Powder Works, situated on the Goyt, 4 miles N. from Buxton, on the Man­chester road, are occupied by Messrs. Williamson’s.

HORRIDGE or HORWICH END, is a village at the junction of the Buxton, Stockport and Macclesfield roads, 3 miles W. from Chapel-en-le-Frith. In 1821, the Wesleyan Methodists erected a neat stone chapel here, this being the most populous part, having the colliery of the late Thomas Gisborne, Esq., M.P., now in the possession of Guy Gisborne, Esq., and extends into the township of Bradshaw Edge. The lower bed is 4 feet 6 inches thick, of which about 3 feet is very inferior, mostly used for the burning of lime, the remaining 18 inches being used for house fires. A small coal of about 18 inches thick, lying 40 yards above the bottom coal, is in great request for smithies, and the blacksmiths fetch it for 20 miles round. A seam varying from 20 inches to 2 feet, lying 20 yards above the smithy coal, is the best for house fires the neighbourhood produces. New pits have been sank and a powerful engine put down for the getting this coal; the old workings, by means of a level driven east into the hills, being run out. A lead mine, running nearly

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east and west, cut vertically through the coal strata, has been worked for more than 20 years, yielding a very fine ore. It is almost invariably fruitful when it passes through the last of the three strata of coal mentioned, and yields specimens of a rib of lead ore with the pure coal adhering to each side. Near Horwich End, on the Derbyshire side the river Goyt, but in Taxall liberty, Cheshire, is a colour manufactory, and the extensive bleach works for cotton yarn, with a water and steam power of upwards of 50 horses. Here is a lodge of the Ancient Order of Foresters, who hold their meetings at the White Horse Inn. Horridge is a corruption of High Ridge, but now spelt Horwich.

Shallcross Hall, 3 miles W. from Chapel-en-le-Frith, a handsome stone residence, was for six-generations the seat of an ancient family, John Shallcross, Esq., the last heir male, who was sheriff of the county in 1686, died in 1733. It is now the property of J. W. Joddrell, Esq., and residence of Mr. E. Hall.

CHARITIES.—Thomas Ouff, by will, 1629, left all his estate in Kettleshume, to six townships, Fernilee in Derbyshire, and Taxall, Kettleshume, Disley, Prestbury, and Mac­clesfield, in Cheshire, to every township an equal share of the profits. By the parliamentary returns of 1786, it appears the late trustee, Robert Longden, paid to every one of the townships £1 3s. 4d., and that he paid the residue of the rent, which was £12 or £14 per annum, to a school in his township of Fernilee. The yearly sum of £18 is now paid to a schoolmaster, who teaches eight poor children, by the tenant of an estate in Kettleshume. The school is taught in an ancient building supposed to have been erected by the above named Thomas Ouff.

Thomas Hibbert, in 1676, gave the interest of £60, to be laid out to the use of the poor children of Fernilee, Taxall, Whaley, and Chapel-en-le-Frith, to be paid every year towards putting out a poor child apprentice, the said sum was fixed upon lands called the Folds, in this township, and £3 is received every fourth year from the tenant, and applied by the overseer in putting a poor child out apprentice.

Rev. — Shallcross.—The yearly sum of 10s. is received from Wm. Needham, as a charge upon his estate at Upper Hill in Fernilee. We have not been able to obtain any authentic account of the origin of the donation. The amount is distributed by the overseer amongst the poor.

GRINDLOW or GREENLOW, a small village and township, situated in an open country, 2¼ miles E.N.E. from Tideswell, 5 miles S. from Hope, contains 269 acres of tithe-free land, partly on lime, and partly on gritstone, and in 1851 had 19 houses, and 91 inhabitants, of whom 51 were males, and 40 females; rateable value £320. It appears to have gradually declined with the lead mining interest, for in the year 1789, it contained 30 houses, and by the census of 1811, there were 24; it doubtless took its name from the circular elevation in the centre of the village, which was formerly crowned with timber, of which nothing remains, except a few firs, of very stunted growth. A bold ridge of hills, about half a mile N.E. of the village, rises to a considerable height, and commands some very extensive views of the surrounding country. This manor, Greneslow in Pecco, was given by King John, 1199 or 1200, to the monastery of Lilleshull, in Shropshire. King Edward VI., in 1552, granted it by the name of Greenlow Grange to Sir Wm. Cavendish. In 1641, it belonged to William Cavandish, Earl of Newcastle, being then valued at £156 8s. per annum. It was afterwards the property of Sergeant Hill, whose heires carried it to the Honourable William Cockayne, from whose family it passed by sale to the Coxes, of Derby, and in like manner, a few years ago, to its present possessor, Andrew Brittlebank, Esq.

HAZLEBADGE, is a small township, consisting of nine scattered farms, 3 miles N.N.E. from Tideswell, contains 950 acres of land, partly on gritstone, and partly on lime, con­taining lead, and in 1851, had 55 inhabitants, of whom 29 were males and 26 females; of the rateable value of £830; it is a tithe-free estate, of which the Duke of Rutland is sole owner. This manor (Heslebec) belonged to William Peverell at  Domesday survey.

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In the fourteenth century, it was in the family of Strelley, afterwards in the Vernons, but it has long been the inheritance of the family of its present possessor.

HIGHLOW, another small township, situated 1½ miles S.W. from Hathersage, and 4 miles S.E. from Hope, contains 418A. 3R. 34P. of land, and in 1851, had 9 houses and 38 inhabitants, of whom 16 were males and 22 females; rateable value £278 6s. 1d. The Duke of Devonshire is sole owner, and it forms a manor with Brough, Offerton, and Shatton, of which the Duke is lord. This manor in the reign of Edward II. belonged to an ancient family of the name of Archer, supposed to be extinct at an early period. In the following century it became the property and seat of a younger branch of the family of Eyre, one of whose descendents, in the early part of the eighteenth century, took the name of Archer. After the death of John Archer. Esq., it was sold under a decree of chancery, in 1842, to the Duke of Devonshire. Lead Mill, ¾ mile from S. from Hathersage, consists of a few houses. Here formerly were some lead works. Highlow Hall, situated on an eminence 1½ miles S.W. from Hathersage, is an ancient mansion, the property of the Duke of Devonshire, and the residence of Mr. John Bagshaw.

HUCKLOW GREAT, township and pleasant village, on the Sheffield and Tideswell road, 2¼ miles N.E. from Tideswell, contains 1,166 acres of land, partly on grit, and partly on limestone, and in 1851, had 51 houses, and 232 inhabitants, of whom 124 were males and 108 females; rateable value £965. Mrs. Wake, of Sheffield, is lady of the manor and considerable owner. The executors of late John Radford, Esq., and several others, are freeholders. This is a rich mineral district, and lead mines extend east and west of the village, to a considerable distance. Mining is the chief employment of the inhabitants. The Wesleyan Methodists have a neat chapel here, erected in 1806, and the Unitarians have a good one, erected in 1796, of which the Rev. Robert Shenton is the pastor. The Presbyterian congregation was first established at Great Hucklow, by the Rev. William Bagshaw, a celebrated nonconformist divine, commonly called the Apostle of the Peak; he was also a native of the village. Great Hucklow was formerly parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster, manor of the High Peak, on lease to the Duke of Devonshire. Ralph de Archer, held a messuage and lands in Great Hucklow, in the reign of Edward I., by the service of keeping the King’s forest with bow and arrows. A considerable freehold estate, then called manor in Great Hucklow, belonged to the Earl of Newcastle, in the reign of Charles I. This estate was sold to John Bagshaw, Esq., of Hucklow, from whom it passed by descent to the family of Rich, and the principal part was purchased some time ago by John Radford, Esq., of Smalley, in whose family it is still vested. Feast, last Sunday in August.

CHARITIES.—John Bagshaw, by will, in 1704, devised to his son, Samuel Bagshaw, and his heirs, a meadow called Gill Meadow, in Driffield, on trust that they should pay to such preaching minister as should serve in Great Hucklow, the sum of £4 at Midsummer and Christmas, and should also pay yearly the sum of £1 amongst the most indigent persons in Great Hucklow, on the feast of St. Thomas. The above sums were paid by the steward of Mr. Milnes, until about the year 1805. Upon the sale of Mr. Milnes’s estate to different purchasers, the payments were discontinued. We have not been able to ascertain who is the owner of the land called Gill Meadow, in Driffield.

HUCKLOW LITTLE, is a small ancient village and township, 2 miles N.N.E. from Tideswell, and 3½ miles S. by E. from Hope, contains 400 acres of land, principally on limestone with lead ore, and in 1851, had 49 houses, and 235 inhabitants, of whom 128 were males, and 107 females; rateable value £380. Captain William Carlyle is lord of the maner and principal owner. Col. Leslie, and Mr. Thomas Pierson, of Sheffield, are also owners. This manor was for many generations in the family of Foljambe. The Primitive Methodists have a small chapel here. Coplow Dale, ½ mile N. from the village. Windmill a small hamlet, 1 mile S. from Little Hucklow. Feast, last Sunday in August.

PADLEY, NETHER, a small township, pleasantly situated on the Sheffield road, 2¼ miles S. by E. from Hathersage, and overlooking the vale of the Derwent, which separates this

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from Woodland Eyam. It contains 260 acres of land, a gritstone soil, and in 1851 had 8 houses, and 47 inhabitants, of whom 27 were males, and 20 females; rateable value £239 18s. Edmund Gillings Maynard, Esq., is sole owner and lord of the manor. The tithes have been commuted, large for £24, lamb and wool £3, vicarial £12 3s.

Directory.—John Crossland, farmer, Maynard Arms Farm; Matthew Crossland farmer; Elizabeth White, vict., Grouse Inn, Common; and Thomas White farmer, Tagnes.

OFFERTON, a small township, 4 miles S.E. from Hope, 1¼ mile W. by S. from Hather­sage, contains 365A. 1R. 30P. of gritstone land, exclusive of 27A. 3R. 22P. woods, 9A. 3R. 3P. roads and rivers, and 245 acres of common not rateable. In 1851 here was 4 houses, and 27 inhabitants, of whom 13 were males, and 14 females; rateable value £362 7s. 4½d., Here was formerly a seat of the Eyres, which now belongs to Mrs. F. A. Shaw, and S. P. Shaw, Esq. The Duke of Devonshire holds the manor under the crown, and with Thomas Greaves, and Mellor School are owners. Tithes were commuted in 1848, large for £24, lamb and wool for £4 5s., and vicarial for £4. John Heald Bradwell, Robert Bradwell, and Wm. Robinson, Garner House. are the resident farmers, and are also owners.

STOKE, a small township and highly picturesque district, 1½ miles N.E. from Stoney Middleton, and contains 506 acres of land, and in 1851 had 12 houses, and 62 inhabitants, of whom 34 were males, and 28 females; rateable value £415 10s. The Hon. Henry Bridgman Simpson, of Babworth, Nottingamshire, is the sole owner, and lord of the manor. Tithes were commuted in 1847 for £31 10s. 3d. Stoke Hall is a beautiful ancient stone mansion, embosomed in foilage, and situated on a gentle acclivity that forms the bank of the Derwent, the property of the Hon. H. B. Simpson. Knouchley is a pleasant farm­house. Goatscliff formerly a noted millstone quarry, consists of a few scattered houses. The manor of Stoke was sold by Henry Lord Grey, of Codnor, about the year 1473, to Robert Barley, Esq,, whose posterity resided at Stoke for several generations. In the reign of Charles I., it was one of the manors of William Cavendish, Earl of Newcastle. Jacinth Sacheverell was lord of this manor in 1656. The first Lord Bradford acquired it in marriage with the heiress of Simpson, from whom it has descended to the present possessor.

Directory.—Joseph Bennett, farmer, Goatscliff; Wm. Grant and Richard Gravenor, farmers, Knouchley; William Oates, wood steward, The Hall; George Outram, cowkeeper, Robert Outram, Peak and French, millstone maker, Padle Wood Quarry, Grindleford Bridge, and Thomas Outram, woodman.

THORNHILL is a small ancient village and township, situate on a fine eminence, 6½ miles N.E. by N. from Tideswell, 2 miles E. from Hope, contains 500 acres of land, and in 1851 had 29 houses and 151 inhabitants, of whom 81 were males, and 50 females; rateable value £500. Duke of Devonshire is lord of the manor, but Col. Leslie is the principal owner. Here are also several smaller owners. The large tithe has been commuted for £70, and the vicar of Hope has the small tithe. This manor belonged to a family who took their name from it, and by whom it was conveyed, about the beginning of the 15th century, to the Eyres, of Hope. John Eyre, of Hope, sold it, about the year 1602, to Adam Slack, yeoman, of Tideswell, by whose family it was sold, in 1613, to Thomas Eyre, Esq., of Hassop, ancester of the late Earl Newburgh.

WARDLOW is a small village and township 2 miles E. by S. from Tideswell, partly in Bakewell parish.

WARDLOW MIRES, a hamlet, situated partly in the township of Wardlow, Great Huck­low, and Litton; it is also noticed with Bakewell parish.

WOODLAND HOPE is an extensive district and township, forming the north side of the parish of Hope, 4¾ miles N.N.W, from Hope, contains about 22,000 acres of land, of which 7,000 acres are rateable, and in 1851 had 43 houses, and 256 inhabitants, of whom 138 are males, and 118 females; rateable value £4,200. The Duke of Devonshire is lord of the manor and owner of 19,253A. 2R. 25P. of land, which contains no minerals. The houses are all scattered farm houses, of which several have lately been rebuilt. A few oats are grown, but the land is principally grass, and subject to the tithe of lamb and wool. Snake

HOPE PARISH.                                                                   631

Inn, on the Sheffield and Glossop turnpike road, 17 miles W. from Sheffield, and 7 miles S.E. from Glossop, is a commodious house. This township partakes of John Eyre’s charity for teaching poor children and buying prayer books. (See Derwent, in Hathersage parish.)

HOPE DIRECTORY.

Post Office, at Mr. Thomas Howe’s; letters arrive from Bakewell, at 10 a.m., and are despatched at 3.30 p.m.

ABNEY TOWNSHIP.

Bagshaw Mrs. Martha

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ASTON TOWNSHIP.

BRADWELL TOWNSHIP.

Post Office, at John Middleton’s; letters arrive from Bakewell at 11 a.m., and are despatched at 2.45 p.m.

BROUGH AND SHATTON.

Those marked * reside at Shatton.

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Farmers.

FERNILEE DIRECTORY.

Those marked * reside at Horwich End.

GRINDLOW TOWNSHIP.

HAZLEBADGE TOWNSHIP.

HIGHLOW TOWNSHIP.

Those marked * are at The Lead Mills.

HUCKLOW (GREAT) TOWNSHIP.

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634                                                                          HIGH PEAK HUNDRED.

HUCKLOW (LITTLE) TOWNSHIP.

C  OFFERTON, PADLEY, AND STOKE DIRECTORIES,

ARE GIVEN WITH THE HISTORIES.

THORNHILL TOWNSHIP.

WOODLAND HOPE, TOWNSHIP.

FAIRFIELD is a pleasant village, township, and parochial chapelry, in the parish of Hope, situated on a gentle eminence which forms a part of the extensive range of hills which surround Buxton, from which it is 1 mile E.N.E., and about 11 miles S.W. from Hope. The river Wye, which rises from hills west of Buxton, here divides the parishes of Hope and Bakewell and this township from Buxton. The river passes through a culvert under the square in Buxton, four houses of which, with the Quadrant (consisting of 7 houses) the George Hotel, the Stables, Wye House, the new Church, and Chalybeate spa, are in this township, which contains 3920 acres of land, of which the high parts are late and cold, but the valleys and lower lands are rich pastures, and in 1851 had 115 houses and

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574 inhabitants, of whom 284 were males and 290 females; rateble value £3350. The Duke of Devonshire is lessee of the manor under the Crown and considerable owner; John Deakin, Esq., of London, Robt. Goodwin, Esq., of Pig Tor, a handsome residence near the verge of an abrupt rocky precipice near Fairfield, and Mr. Samuel Barker are also owners, with several smaller freeholders. The Chapel, St. Peter, a small modern stone structure, was erected on the site of the anicent chapel in 1839, under the superintendence of P Heacock, Esq, late agent to the Duke of Devonshire. The living is a perpetual curacy, in a peculiar jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter at Lichfield, certified value £10 10s., now £79, in the patronage of the trustees and incumbency of the Rev. Charles Smith M.A. The Wesleyans have a small chapel here. The tithe was commuted in 1842 for £64 for hay and corn, to the Duke of Devonshire, as impropriator, and £30 for lamb and wool, of which one-third belongs to his Grace, and £1 10s. for small tithe to the vicar of Hope. By letters patent of 37th of Elizabeth, six resident governors were appointed, of the almshouses there to be erected for six poor persons, who were incorporated, and had power to hold lands and purchase to the amount of £40 a year, of which foundation, if it ever took effect, there is no trace; they also have the patronage of the chapel. In default of the governors appointing within six months after a vacancy it lapses to the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, Here are many scattered farms; of which the Water Swallows consist of three farms, near the Tideswell and Buxton road, where a small stream of water disappears, a little north from the village; north of which is Black Edge and Dove Holes, at the north extremity. The Barmes, north east, Deepdale is a romantic glen, near King’s Sterndale; near which is Cow-low, Low-foot, and other scattered farms. Buxton races were formerly held here on the common, but have been discontinued for about 16 years; the grand stand is now in ruins. During the last year several handsome houses have bean erected for the accommodation of visitors to Buxton; the Inns and most of the farmers in the village also let apartments. Feast, Sunday nearest to St. Peter’s Day.

CHARITIES.—School.—Anthony Swann by will, 1662, gave an annual rent of £4, to be issuing out of certain lands, to be employed after his decease for educating ten of the poorest children of Fairfield, and he constituted the constable of Wormhill and the curate and headborough of Fairfield, and their successors, supervisors of the charity. By an act for enclosing the common land, in Fairfield, the commissioners were required to allot to the trustees of the school, for the benefit of the master and his successors, land of the yearly value of £10; and by their award, 1772, certain allotments were made to the school. The trustees are those appointed in respect of Anthony Swann’s charity. We apprehend the appointment of supervisors of this charity precludes us from any investigation.

Rowland Swann, who died in 1693, by his will gave £5, in trust to have the interest thereof laid out annually in books of divinity and given to the poor. The interest, 5s,. is laid out in the purchase of spelling books and testaments, which are given amongst the children in the school, taught in respect of Swann’s charity.

Rev. Francis Gisborne’s charity.—(See Bradley.)—The annual sum of £5 10s., received by the incumbent, is laid out in coarse woollens and flannel, and distributed to the poor about Christmas.

                                2 S 2

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PEAK FOREST, a chapelry, small village and ex. par. liberty, on the road from Tideswell to Chapel-en-le-Frith,; 3 miles N.W. from the former, and 4½ miles S.E. from the latter, contains 5026A. 3R. 34P, of land, and in 1851 had 130 houses, and 596 inhabitants, of whom 322 were males and 274 females; rateable value £2,834 3s. 3d. The Duke of Devonshire is lord of the manor and principal owner. The Chapel, dedicated to St. James, is a plain neat stone edifice, with turret and one bell. The living is a perpetual curacy, of the value of £70, in the peculiar jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter or Lichfield; the Duke of Devonshire, patron, and the Rev. Henry Barrow Chinn B. A., incumbent. The King’s Forest of the Peak, anciently called De Alto Pecco, was of great extent, it is said to have included the different parishes and townships of Castleton, Hope, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Mottram, and Longden Dale. It was in ancient times much infested with wolves. A family of the hereditary name of Wolfhunt held land by the service of keeping the forest clear off those destructive animals. It seems that they had ceased to be inhabitants of the forest before the reign of Edward II. A record of that period states that John le Wolfhunt, son of John le Wolfhunt, held certain land by the service of taking and destroying all wolves that should come into his Majesty’s forest of the Peak. The Peak forest is spoken of as being plentifully stocked with deer in the year 1634; it is probable they were destroyed in the civil wars. Eldon Hole, ½ mile N. from Peak Forest village, and 3 miles westward from Castleton, is a famous perpendicular chasm, and considered one of the seven wonders of the world; its mouth is about 90 feet in length, and 30 in breadth in the widest part; and to prevent accidents, a strong wall is erected round it. The credulity of travellers has often been grossly imposed on by tales respecting its immea­surable depth. It was a matter of such notoriety in the days of Queen Elizabeth, that the Earl of Leicester had a man let down into it, who, when drawn up again (it is said), was speechless, and shortly afterwards died. Calcot has noticed it at some length in his treatise on the deluge, and instanced it as a proof of his theory. Cotton, the natural poet of the Peak, has given an elaborate account of it. John Lloyd, Esq., F.R.S., descended into it

HOPE PARISH.                                                                   637

in the year 1713. He reached its bottom 62 yards from the mouth, the light from which was sufficiently strong to permit the reading of the smallest print. The interior of the chasm he described as consisting of two parts; one small like an oven, the other very spacious, and in form like the dome of a glasshouse, communicating with each other by a small arched passage. Here he found large masses of sparkling stalactite. The account was published in the 61st volume of the Philosophical Transactions, and has been confirmed by the assertions of several persons who have descended into the chasm at different times. In 1845, the Duke of Devonshire erected a neat school here, which is endowed with £30 per annum; 10 poor children are taught free. The school will hold about 60, and the average attendance is 40. The Wesleyans have a neat stone Chapel, erected in 1851, at a cost of £250, raised by subscription; it will seat about 350. Here are several extensive lead mines in the neighbourhood. The Odd-Fellows have two lodges, and here is one sick society. Feast, first Sunday after St. James.

Barmoor, 6 miles S. by W. from Castleton, and 2½ miles E. from Chapel-en-le-Frith, where is the celebrated “Ebbing and Flowing Well,” justly considered one of the wonders of the Peak. Close to this intermitting spring is a small cavity that receives the water, from several apertures by the side of it; from these the water does not however issue at regular intervals; for as that depends on the quantity of rain which may previously have fallen, it has sometimes, though rarely happened in very dry seasons, that the well has ceased to flow for two, three, or four weeks together; sometimes it flows only once in twelve hours; sometimes every hour, and in very wet seasons, twice or thrice within the hour. When it begins to rise, the motion of the water is at first gentle, but in a short time the quantity that issue; becomes very large, and it continues to flow four minutes and a half. It has been calculated that, in the space of one minute, twenty hogsheads of water are discharged. Though the flowing of the well does not happen frequently in a dry season, yet its appearance then is far more striking, the cavity that receives it having previously become dry. Barmoor is an extensive district in this liberty. Sparrow Pit, a village on the Castleton and Chapel-en-le-Frith road, 2 miles N.W. from Peak Forest, is principally in Chapel-en-Frith parish.

CHARITIES.—Nicholas Green, in 1700, gave his messuage and lands in Edale, the yearly profits therof to be equally distributed between the poor of Edale and Peak Forest, on St. Thomas’s day, by his executors; and he also gave a further yearly sum for ever to the poor of Peak Forest, to be paid by the same executors on 25th December. The present amount of the rent is £5 per annum, one moiety of which is received by the overseers of Peak Forest, and distributed to the poor on St. Thomas’s day. Nothing is known of the sum of 20s., mentioned in the donor’s will.

John Vernon, of Sparrowpit, by will, 1720, gave 10s, yearly out of land at Slack Hall, to the poor of Peak Forest, to be distributed on the feast of St. Thomas. The owner of the estate pays the annual sum of 10s. to the overseer, which is given to the poor.

Humphrey Wilshaw, by his will, left the yearly profits of a close called the Dale Knowl, to be given to the poor. About an acre and a half is let for £1 1s. per annum.

John Vernon, of Smalldale, at his decease, 1750, left 10s. yearly, charged on an estate lying near Aston Lee, in Coomb’s Edge, to the poor of Peak Forest. The annual sum of 10s. is paid by the tenant of the estate, which is distributed on St. Thomas’s day.

Jeremiah Ward, by will, gave £10, the interest to be distributed on St. Thomas’s day to the poor of this chapelry, by certain trustees, the minister always to be one. The annual sum of 10s. is paid out of the bank, the money being invested therein.

Samuel Frith, by his will, 1773, gave 20s. year, issuing out of a piece of land in Brownside, to the poor of Peak Forest, to be distributed on St. Thomas’s day. The land is in the parish of Glossop. 20s. is paid by the overseers on account of this charity.

John Badely Radcliffe’s charity.—(See Chapel-en-le-Frith). The annual sum of £2 13s. 4d. is received on account of this charity, and distributedon St. Thomas’s day.

638                                                                          HIGH PEAK HUNDRED.

John Frith, by will, in 1775, gave to three trustees £40 on trust, that they and their executors should place the sum out at interest, and apply the same in buying woollen cloth, to be distributed by them yearly to the poor of this township. Mr. Robert Needham now holds the money at 4½ per cent., the interest £1 16s., he lays out in the purchase of linsey, and distributes it to six poor women of the chapelry.

Samuel Needham’s charity.—(See Castleton). The annual sum of £6, paid by Mr. Robert Needham, the owner of a close called South Head, in Peak Forest, charged with the payment, attends on 14th February, and with the assistance of the chapelwardens; overseers, and others, makes a distribution of linen cloth to the above value.

Countess and Earl of Devonshire’s charity.—(See Edensor). The portion belonging to this township is applied in apprenticing poor children.

Rev. Francis Gisborne’s charities.—(See Bradley.) The annual sum of £5 10s., received by the incumbent, is laid out in coarse woollen cloth and flannel, and distributed to the poor about Christmas.