Medieval Royalty
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| Henry was born on 11 August 1086.1 He was the son of Henry IV (?) Salian and Bertha (?) of Turin. Conflicting evidence states that Henry was born on 8 November 1081.2 He,, acceded to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire in in 1106.3 He became betrothed to Matilda of England in 1110.4 He married Matilda of England,daughter of Henry Beauclerk I and Matilda of Scotland at Mainz, Holy Roman Empire, on 7 January 1114. Henry died on 23 May 1125 at Utrecht, Friesland, at age 38.2 |
| (?) was born in 1050.1 He married Bertha (?) of Turin, in 1066.1 (?) became the father of Henry Salian V on 11 August 1086.2 (?) died on 11 August 1106. |
| Matilda was born at Royal Palace, Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire, in February 1101. Conflicting evidence states that Matilda was born circa 1103.1 She was the daughter of Henry Beauclerk I and Matilda of Scotland. Matilda of England was baptized with the name Adelaide although I have seen the name Alicia given.2 She was described as a remarkable princess, who "had the nature of a man in the frame of a woman", being fierce, proud, hard, cynical, and living for politics over other passions.3 She was educated, handsome, arrogant and haughty, with it being said that she "resembled her father in foritude and her mother in sanctity", but she did not have her mother's gentleness.4 She became engaged to Henry Salian V in 1110.5 Matilda of England was crowned Empress of the Holy Roman Empire on 7 January 1114 on the day of her marriage. She married Henry Salian V,son of Henry IV (?) Salian and Bertha (?) of Turin at Mainz, Holy Roman Empire, on 7 January 1114. Her name was changed to Matilda of Holy Roman Empire upon her marriage to the Holy Roman Emperor, and she was known by this name for rest of her life; she prefered to use the title Empress. The name was chosen to honor her mother. Matilda of England also went by the name of Maud (?). She married Geoffrey Plantagenet,son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou and Aremburga of Maine at St. Julien Cathedral, Le Mans, France, on 26 August 1127. June 1128 recorded as the date originally, without source. Needs to be looked into..6 Matilda became the mother of Henry FitzEmpress at Le Mans, Maine, France, on 4 March 1133.7 Matilda became the mother of Count Geoffrey of Nantes at Rouen or Argentan, Duchy of Normandy, on 1 June 1134.8 Matilda became the mother of William at Argentan, Duchy of Normandy, or Angers, Anjou in August 1136.9,7 Matilda of England signed her name after 1141 as "Mathildis Imperatrix Henrici regis filia et Anglorum domina" which translates as "Matilda, Empress, daughter of King Henry and lady of the English." Her seal read "Mathildis dei gracia Romanorum regina" translated as "Matilda, by the grace of God, queen of the Romans." She resided at Rouen, Duchy of Normandy, after 1148. She never set foot in England again, and gave up her dream of reigning over England. She would serve as a counsellor to her son and as regent of Normandy. She spent many of her days in works of charity.10 Matilda was named after Matilda of England.11 She died on 10 September 1169. |
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Aliénore d' Aquitaine was also known as Eleanor of Guyenne.
She is known to history with the name of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Aliénore d' Aquitaine was also known as Éléonore.
Aliénore was born in 1122. She was born in the south of France, either in the castle of Belin or Bordeaux, as they both claim her. She is said to be named after her mother..2,3
She was the daughter of Guillaume V and Anor d' Châtellerault.
She married Louis VII of France,son of King Louis VI of France and Queen Adelaide of Maurienne in the church of St. André, at Bordeaux, on 25 July 1137. An unknown person conducted the ceremony. Eleanor wore a rich grown of scarlet, and almost a thousand people attended the ceremony.4,5,6
Aliénore d' Aquitaine and Louis VII of France were crowned the Count and Countess of Poitou at Cathedral of Saint-Pierre, Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 8 August 1137 It was a large and magnificant ceremony.6
Aliénore d' Aquitaine was crowned Queen of France at Bourges, on 25 December 1137.7
At age 23 years Aliénore became the mother of Princess Marie of France in 1145.8
It was rumored that Geoffrey the fair and Eleanor of Aquitaine had a brief affair while she was married to Louis, which, if it happened, would have taken place before 1151. It was recorded by Giraldus, who disliked Eleanor intensely, and at the time he was writing didn't have much good to say about King Henry. He wrote with calamity. Geoffrey is said to have confessed the affair to his son, and Giraldus was to have heard it from Bishop Hugh of Lincoln, who was told the story by Henry.9
A legend has it that Aliénore d' Aquitaine was about to leave Louis for Saladin when she was stopped at the last moment by her husband. The story is probably fictional, recorded in the 1260s by an anonymous minstrel from Reims, and he elsewhere calls Eleanor "a very wicked woman" and ascribed clearly incorrect "facts" to her at Tyre.10
She and Louis VII of France were granted an audience with Pope Eugenius III on their way home from the Crusades on 9 October 1149 at Tusculum, Italy. The pope was concerned about the state of their marriage, and wished to effect a reconcilation. It was known that Louis and Aliénore had not been having marital relations. His Holiness saw to it that the king and queen shared a splendidly appointed bed. The pontiff did not regard the problem of consanguinty as serious in this case. It is probable that this is when Alix was conceived.11
Aliénore became the mother of Princess Alix of France circa 1150.12
Her marriage to Louis VII of France was annulled at Beaugency near Orléans, on 21 March 1152. The archbishops of Sens (who presided), of Reims, Bordeaux, and of Rouen, with other bishops, granted the decree on the grounds of consanguinity..13,14
She married Henry Plantagenet,son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Matilda of England at Cathedral of Saint-Pierre, Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 18 May 1152. They were married quietly, without the promp and ceremony befitting their rank.15,16
At age 31 years Aliénore became the mother of William, Count of Poitiers at Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 17 August 1153.17,18
Aliénore d' Aquitaine and Henry Plantagenet were crowned and consecrated King and Queen of England by Archbishop Theobald, using a crown designed by William the Conquerer at Westminister Abbey, Westminister, England, on 19 December 1154.19,20
At age 33 years Aliénore became the mother of Henry at Bermondsey, on 28 February 1155.21
At age 34 years Eleanor became the mother of Matilda at London, or possibly Windsor in June 1156.22
At age 35 years Eleanor became the mother of Richard I King of England at Oxford, on 8 September 1157.23
Aliénore d' Aquitaine and Henry Plantagenet might have had a son named Philip, who died young between 1158 and 1162. This was mentioned by John Speed, who presumally had access to sources now lost, in History of Great Britain, published in 1611. Others disagree.24
Aliénore d' Aquitaine and Henry Plantagenet were crowned as King and Queen of England at Worcester, Easter 1158 At the end of the ceremony they symbolically laid their crowns aside, and they were never worn again. The meaning of this is unclear.25
At age 36 years Eleanor became the mother of Geoffrey on 23 September 1158.26
At age 39 years Eleanor became the mother of Eleanor at Dumfront Castle, Normandy, in September 1161.27
At age 43 years Eleanor became the mother of Joanna at Angers, Anjou, in October 1165.28
At age 44 years Eleanor became the mother of John at Oxford, England, on 24 December 1166.29
A legend has it that Aliénore d' Aquitaine was responsible for the death of Rosemond de Clifford. Nothing could be further from the truth. The legend of "Fair Rosemond" and King Henry was summed up with the words: "Few mortals have lived a life so full as Henry II or have drunk so deeply of the cups of triumph and sorrow. In later life he fell out with Eleanor. When she was over fifty and he but forty-two he is said to have fallen in love with "Fair Rosemond," a damosel of high degree and transcendant beauty, and generations have enjoyed the romantic tragedy of Queen Eleanor penetrating the protecting maze at Woodstock by the clue of a silken thread and offering her hapless supplenter the hard choice between the dagger and the poisoned cup. Tiresome investigators have underminded this excellent tale, but it certainly should find its place i any history worthy of its name."30 The story usually goes on with Henry finding Rosemond dead and buried (or about to be buried) at the Convent in Godstow, realizing that Eleanor was responsible, and consequently imprisoning her for the remainder of his reign. Benedict of Peterbrough relates the story of St. Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, who finds Rosemond buried near the high altar, and the tomb much favorited by the nuns. Told that the body was Rosemond, and the king had richly endowered the nunnery for being her burial place, the saint ordered her to be reburied outside, for "she ws a harlot, and that love between her and the king was unlawful and adulterous!..." She was to be removed from the church so that it not seem as if the church condoned what she did, much less honor it.31 The whole thing is fiction. The first mention of the "maze" at Woodstock seems to be made by Ranulf Higden in Polychronicon, translated and expanded upon in 1387 by John Trevisa. In the middle of the 14th century an anomous clerk ascribes the story to Eleanor of Provence, the king being Henry III, and the year 1262. The ball of thread is first found in Robert Fabyan, who died in 1513. It was first in the 16th century that it was claimed that Rosemond was the mother of Geoffrey and of William Longsworth, Henry's two most notable bastards. She wasn't their mother.32 She witnessed Richard I King of England's death at Châlus, on 6 April 1199. She was by his side when he died.33 Aliénore d' Aquitaine was described as "an exceeding shrewd woman, sprung from noble stock, but fickle" by Gervese of Canterbury.34 She was described by Richard of Devizers, who was a loyal supporter of Richard I, genuinely respected Eleanor, might have known her, and was a Benedictine monk at Swithun's Abbey35 as 'Queen Eleanor, an incomparable woman, beautiful yet virtuous, powerful yet gentle, humble yet keen-witted, qualities which are most rarely found in a woman...still tireless in all labours, at whose ability her age might marvel!' He then adds 'Many know what I would that none of us knew. This same queen, during the time of her first husband, was at Jerusalem. Let no one say any more about it; I too know it well. Keep silent!36' Aliénore died on 31 March 1204 probably in the abbey convent at Fontevrault, Anjou. She retired to this convent, her favorite, taking the veil in her final days. There is one report, the chronicle of Saint Aubin, that gives the place as her capital of Poitiers.37 Her body was interred in the at abbey, at Fontevrault, Anjou. She was laid between her husband Henry and her son Richard, all of them shown in the royal robes, and crowned..38 |
| Bertha was born circa 1051.1 She married Henry IV (?) Salian, in 1066.1 Bertha became the mother of Henry Salian V on 11 August 1086.2 |
| Guillaume V is known to history with the name of William V. His full name and title was Guillaume V Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine. He married Anor d' Châtellerault. Guillaume was born in 1099. He was the son of Duke William IX of Aquitaine and Philippa of Toulouse. Guillaume became the father of Aliénore d' Aquitaine in 1122. She was born in the south of France, either in the castle of Belin or Bordeaux, as they both claim her. She is said to be named after her mother..1,2 Guillaume became the father of Petronilla d' Aquitaine circa 1125.3 His body was interred at the foot of the altar in the shrine of St. James of Compostella, at Galicia.4 Guillaume died in 1137.4 |
| She married Guillaume V,son of Duke William IX of Aquitaine and Philippa of Toulouse. Anor became the mother of Aliénore d' Aquitaine in 1122. She was born in the south of France, either in the castle of Belin or Bordeaux, as they both claim her. She is said to be named after her mother..1,2 Anor became the mother of Petronilla d' Aquitaine circa 1125.3 Anor d' Châtellerault died in 1130 at hunting lodge, Talmont, County of Poitou.3 |
| Petronilla was born circa 1125.1 She was the daughter of Guillaume V and Anor d' Châtellerault. |
| Louis VII of France is known to history with the name of Louis the Younger. His full name and title was King Louis VII of France. Louis was born at Fontainebleau, France, in 1120.1 He was the son of King Louis VI of France and Queen Adelaide of Maurienne. Louis VII of France was crowned King of France in a ceremony conducted by the Pope at Rheims, France, on 25 October 1131 He was 11 years old at the time and the ceremony was conducted partly to be certain of the sucession. He enjoyed the title and honors of a king but not the soverigity of a king (not until he succeded).1,2 He was described as being tall, muscular, with long, fair hair, blue eyes, a large nose, and a disarming smile. He was known to be intelligent, kindly and straightforward, with a sensitive conscience and a well-devolped sense of honor. He was not a procrastinator.3 He was keenly interested in theology and theological disputes, was both docile and impetuous,4 and Eleanor is said to have remarked that she married a monk, not a king.5 He married Aliénore d' Aquitaine,daughter of Guillaume V and Anor d' Châtellerault in the church of St. André, at Bordeaux, on 25 July 1137. An unknown person conducted the ceremony. Eleanor wore a rich grown of scarlet, and almost a thousand people attended the ceremony.6,7,8 Louis VII of France was in love, genuinely, with his wife Alénoire, and this lasted throughout their marriage. It was, however, one-sided. It was one of the possible reasons why Alénoire accomplied Louis on the Crusades.9 He and Aliénore d' Aquitaine were crowned the Count and Countess of Poitou at Cathedral of Saint-Pierre, Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 8 August 1137 It was a large and magnificant ceremony.8 His lands were put under interdict in 1141 Louis refused to give his consent to the election of the archbishop of Bourges. The king proposed a candidate not supprted by the chapter, and once refered to the pope, a papal rebuke would not sway him.10 At age 25 years Louis became the father of Princess Marie of France in 1145.11 Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine were granted an audience with Pope Eugenius III on their way home from the Crusades on 9 October 1149 at Tusculum, Italy. The pope was concerned about the state of their marriage, and wished to effect a reconcilation. It was known that Louis and Aliénore had not been having marital relations. His Holiness saw to it that the king and queen shared a splendidly appointed bed. The pontiff did not regard the problem of consanguinty as serious in this case. It is probable that this is when Alix was conceived.12 Louis became the father of Princess Alix of France circa 1150.5 King Louis VII of France received the homage of Henry FitzEmpress in August 1151 at Paris, France.13 His marriage to Aliénore d' Aquitaine was annulled at Beaugency near Orléans, on 21 March 1152. The archbishops of Sens (who presided), of Reims, Bordeaux, and of Rouen, with other bishops, granted the decree on the grounds of consanguinity..14,15 He married secondly, Constance of Castile,daughter of King Alfonso VII of Castile and Leon, Galice and Bèrengère de Barcelone at Santiago de Compostela. At age 38 years Louis became the father of Marguerite of France in 1158. At age 40 years Louis became the father of Alais of France on 4 October 1160. He married thirdly, Adela of Champagne,daughter of Count Theobald IV the Great of Champagne on 13 November 1160.16 At age 45 years Louis became the father of Philip Augustus of France at Gonesse, France, on 22 August 1165.17 King Louis VII of France received the homage of Henry and Richard I King of England on 7 January 1169 at Montmirail, Maine, France.18 Louis VII of France made a pilgrimage to plead for the recovery of his son Philip Augustus in August 1179 to the tomb of St. Thomas Beckett, Canterbury, England. Philip had went on a hunt with a few companions in the forest near Compiègne, where he got lost for several hours. Once returned to his father he became seriously ill.19 Louis died on 18 September 1180 at Paris, France,, it is said in the abbey of Notre Dame.20 His body was interred in the Cistercian abbey of Barbieux, France.20,21 |
| Marie was born in 1145. She was named in honor of the Virgin.1 She was the daughter of Louis VII of France and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. |
| Alix was born circa 1150.1 She was the daughter of Louis VII of France and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. |
| Henry was born at Le Mans, Maine, France, on 4 March 1133.1 He was also reported to have been born probably incorrectly, on 5 March 1133.2 He was the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Matilda of England. As of 1142, Henry Plantagenet was also known as Henry FitzEmpress A man was usually known by his father's name or title; he used the Empress for the political and social benefits that would accure to him being known as the son of the Empress, rather as the son of a Count. This began when he went to England to fight for his mother's throne. Henry FitzEmpress was knighted Whitsunday 1149 at Carlisle, Scotland. Whitsunday, now known as Pentecost Sunday, was 22 May 1149.3 Henry Plantagenet succeded to the title of Duke of Normandy upon the abdication of Geoffrey Plantagenet between November 1149 and March 1150.4 Henry FitzEmpress did homage to King Louis VII of France as his overlord in August 1151 at Paris, France. He did this as the duke of Normandy, and at this time he was invested with the dukedom by his king.5 He married Aliénore d' Aquitaine at Cathedral of Saint-Pierre, Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 18 May 1152.6,7 At age 20 Henry became the father of William, Count of Poitiers at Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 17 August 1153.8,9 Henry Plantagenet is known to history with the name of King Henry II of England. He and Aliénore d' Aquitaine were crowned and consecrated King and Queen of England by Archbishop Theobald, using a crown designed by William the Conquerer at Westminister Abbey, Westminister, England, on 19 December 1154.10,11 At age 21 Henry became the father of Henry at Bermondsey, on 28 February 1155.12 At age 23 Henry became the father of Matilda at London, or possibly Windsor in June 1156.13 At age 24 Henry became the father of Richard I King of England at Oxford, on 8 September 1157.14 Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine might have had a son named Philip, who died young between 1158 and 1162. This was mentioned by John Speed, who presumally had access to sources now lost, in History of Great Britain, published in 1611. Others disagree.15 Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine were crowned as King and Queen of England at Worcester, Easter 1158 At the end of the ceremony they symbolically laid their crowns aside, and they were never worn again. The meaning of this is unclear.16 At age 25 Henry became the father of Geoffrey on 23 September 1158.17 At age 28 years and 5 months Henry became the father of Eleanor at Dumfront Castle, Normandy, in September 1161.18 At age 32 years and 6 months Henry became the father of Joanna at Angers, Anjou, in October 1165.19 At age 33 Henry became the father of John at Oxford, England, on 24 December 1166.20 Henry Plantagenet was described in 1177 as having a full head of red hair until it turned grey with age, and without balding, except that he had a tonsure; medium height, neighter too tall nor short, round eyes, well proportioned head and body, his leonine face being rather square. He had curved legs, a broad chest, and boxer's arms.21 He spoke only French and Latin but, "he had a knowledge of all the languages from the French sea to the Jordan."22 King Henry II of England joined Louis VII of France in a pilgrimage in a vigil in August 1179 the tomb of St. Thomas Beckett, Canterbury, England.23 Henry Plantagenet and Philip Augustus of France took the cross and decided to go on Crusade in October 1187. Henry had pledged to go on crusade a decade before, and was now prompted to go upon hearing that his son Richard had taken the Cross.24 |
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He was reputed to be one of the most handsome of men in his thirities. He was tall and had red hair.
Geoffrey Plantagenet was educated extremely well, being a cultured man with an interest in art and literature. He had a passion for military history and studied the antiquities for their military strategies. He saw to the education of all of his children, legitimate or not.1
He is known to history with the name of Geoffrey le bel, or the fair.
He was described in the Chroniques as having many outstanding, praiseworthy qualities. As a solider he attained the greatest glory, dedicating himself to the defense of the community and to the liberal arts. He strove to be loved and was honorable to his friends; he was more trustworthy than the rest. His words were always good-humored and his principles admirable. This man was an energetic soldier and most shrewd in his upright dealings. He was merticulous in his justice and of strong character. He did not allow himself to be corupted by excess or sloth, but spent his time riding about the country and performing illustrious feats. By such acts he endeared himself to all, and smote fear into the hearts of his enemies. He was unusually affable and jovial to all, especially soliders.2 This description was qualified by Ralph of Diceto by saying that the charm hid a cold, shallow and selfish character.3 . His full name and title was Geoffrey IV of the House of Plantagenet Count of Anjou and Maine. Geoffrey was born on 24 August 1113.3 He was the son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou and Aremburga of Maine. Geoffrey IV of the House of Plantagenet Count of Anjou and Maine succeded to the title of Count of Anjou and Maine upon the abdication of Fulk V, Count of Anjou in 1129.3 He married Matilda of England,daughter of Henry Beauclerk I and Matilda of Scotland at St. Julien Cathedral, Le Mans, France, on 26 August 1127. The Archbishop of Rouen celebrated the nupitals.4 The marriage was arranged because her father wanted to "enhance her unifying authority, and to protect Normandy from the claims of Anjou" which claims would certainly be made after Henry's death5.6 At age 19 Geoffrey became the father of Henry FitzEmpress at Le Mans, Maine, France, on 4 March 1133.7 At age 20 Geoffrey became the father of Count Geoffrey of Nantes at Rouen or Argentan, Duchy of Normandy, on 1 June 1134.8 Geoffrey became the father of William at Argentan, Duchy of Normandy, or Angers, Anjou in August 1136.9,7 It was rumored that Geoffrey the fair and Eleanor of Aquitaine had a brief affair while she was married to Louis, which, if it happened, would have taken place before 1151. It was recorded by Giraldus, who disliked Eleanor intensely, and at the time he was writing didn't have much good to say about King Henry. He wrote with calamity. Geoffrey is said to have confessed the affair to his son, and Giraldus was to have heard it from Bishop Hugh of Lincoln, who was told the story by Henry.10 Geoffrey Plantagenet abdicated as duke of Normandy in favor of his son Henry Plantagenet between November 1149 and March 1150.11 Geoffrey died on 7 September 1151 at age 38. His body was interred, at his request at St. Julien Cathedral, at Le Mans, France. Bishop William of LeMans would later build "a most noble tomb" with an enamel likeness of the Count "suitably ornamented"12 with a plaque, now in a museaum, reading "By your sword, Seigneur, the troop of brigands has been put to flight, and through the restoration of peace, repose given to the Church."13 . There is a popular story, probably the most famous one about Geoffrey, that Geoffrey was left unburied, per his instructions, until his son Henry swore that he would fullfil the terms of his father's will. The terms included a requirement that Henry would enjoy the inheritance that was left to him from his father as Count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine only until he became King of England. Once he became king he was to resign the Counties of Anjou and Maine to his younger brother Geoffrey. Henry is said to have taken the oath in order to give his father a proper burial, and one version of the story is he was not told the contents of the will until after he took the oath.14,15 The story is probably false, invented to advance Geoffrey's rebellion of 1156 against his brother Henry, and the story seems not to have been accepted by anybody of importance, especially not Louis VII, who almost certainly would have used it.16 |
| Henry Beauclerk I was born in 1068. He married Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III King of Scotland and St. Margaret, Princess of England, on 11 November 1100.1 Henry became the father of Matilda of England at Royal Palace, Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire, in February 1101. Henry, as the father of the bride, attended Matilda of England and Geoffrey Plantagenet's wedding at St. Julien Cathedral, Le Mans, France, on 26 August 1127. The Archbishop of Rouen celebrated the nupitals.2 The marriage was arranged because her father wanted to "enhance her unifying authority, and to protect Normandy from the claims of Anjou" which claims would certainly be made after Henry's death3.4 Henry Beauclerk I died on 1 December 1135. |
| Matilda of Scotland was the daughter of Malcolm III King of Scotland and St. Margaret, Princess of England. As of 1099, Matilda of Scotland was also known as Eadgith.1 She married Henry Beauclerk I on 11 November 1100.1 Matilda became the mother of Matilda of England at Royal Palace, Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire, in February 1101. Matilda of Scotland died on 1 May 1118. |
| Adela of Champagne was the daughter of Count Theobald IV the Great of Champagne. She married Louis VII of France,son of King Louis VI of France and Queen Adelaide of Maurienne on 13 November 1160.1 Adela became the mother of Philip Augustus of France at Gonesse, France, on 22 August 1165.2 Adela of Champagne died in 1206. Her body was interred at Cistercian abbey, Barbieux, France.3 |
| Count Theobald IV the Great of Champagne died in 1152. |
| Fulk V, Count of Anjou was described as being a ruddy man, faithful and gentle, affable and kind, a powerful prince, and very succesful in ruling his own people; an expirenced warrior full of patience and wisdom in military affairs. He was described elsewhere as being "an upright and vigorous man of orthodox faith [who] achieved a glorious and excellent reputation that was second to none."1 He married Aremburga of Maine. Fulk became the father of Geoffrey Plantagenet on 24 August 1113.2 Fulk V, Count of Anjou abdicated the counties of Anjou and Maine in favor of his son Geoffrey IV of the House of Plantagenet Count of Anjou and Maine in 1129.2 Fulk V, Count of Anjou died in 1143 at Jerusalem. |
| She married Fulk V, Count of Anjou. Aremburga became the mother of Geoffrey Plantagenet on 24 August 1113.1 Aremburga of Maine died in 1126. |
| Queen Adelaide of Maurienne married King Louis VI of France. Queen Adelaide of Maurienne was born probably in 1092. She was the daughter of Gisèle of Bourgogne.1 Adelaide became the mother of Louis VII of France at Fontainebleau, France, in 1120.1 Queen Adelaide of Maurienne resided on her dower lands in Compiègne, after 1137 when she retired from Court.2 She married Matthew de Montmorency,son of Alice de Claremont in 1141.2,3 Queen Adelaide of Maurienne died in 1154.2 |
| King Louis VI of France married Queen Adelaide of Maurienne, daughter of Gisèle of Bourgogne. King Louis VI of France was born in 1081. Louis became the father of Louis VII of France at Fontainebleau, France, in 1120.1 Louis died on 1 August 1137. The cause of death was dysentery.2 |
| Princess Berengaria of Navarre was born probably in 1163. She was described by Ambrose, an historian in 1191 at Sicily, as "a prudent maid, a gentle lady, virtuous and fair, neither false nor double tongued. She was the wisest lady in all truth that might anywhere be found." Others called her beautiful, but one said she was more accomplished than beautiful.1 She married Richard I King of England,son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine at Chapel of St. George, Limassol, Cyprus, on 12 May 1191. She wore a mantilla.2 Princess Berengaria of Navarre was crowned Queen of England immediately after her wedding by John FitzLuke, bishop of Evreux at Chapel of St. George, Limassol, Cyprus, on 12 May 1191.3 Princess Berengaria of Navarre resided during her widowhood on her estates in Le Mans, Maine.4 She founded Cistercian monastery of l'Éspan near Le Mans, Maine, in 1200. She devoted the remainder of her life to good works, as was customary for ladies of status in those days. She took care of beggars, abandoned children and was beloved by the poor for her charity. She was pious and generous.4 It has often been recorded in history books that she was the only queen of England never to see England. That is a myth. She was a visitor to the Court of King John several times, there being safe conduct passes for her and her servants in existance; and she toured England in 1216, going anywhere she wished. She, along with a vast number, witnessed the translation of St. Thomas a Beckett's bones to a new shrine in Trinity Chapel at Canterburry Cathedral.4 Princess Berengaria of Navarre took the veil and entered religion towards the end of her life at the Cistercian monastery of l'Éspan near Le Mans, Maine, in 1230.4 Her religious name was Juliana. Her body was interred at the Cistercian monastery of l'Éspan, Le Mans, Maine.4 Her body was re-interred in 1672 at Le Mans Cathedral, Maine, France.4 |
| William was born at Poitiers, County of Poitou, on 17 August 1153.2,3 He was the son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine.1 William, Count of Poitiers died April or June, 1156 at Wallingford Castle, England.4 He was buried at the foot of his great-grandfather, Henry I at Reading Abbey.5 |
| Matthew de Montmorency signed his name as "Mathieu de Montmorency." Matthew was born circa 1105. He was the son of Alice de Claremont.1 Matthew de Montmorency was the Constable of France. He married Queen Adelaide of Maurienne,daughter of Gisèle of Bourgogne in 1141.2,3 Matthew died in 1160.4 |
| Alice de Claremont was born at Northamptonshire, England, in 1065. Alice became the mother of Matthew de Montmorency circa 1105. Alice de Claremont died in 1117. |
| Duke William IX of Aquitaine is known to history with the name of William the Troubadour. Duke William IX of Aquitaine also went by the name of William IX Duke of the Entire Monarchy of the Aquitanians.1 He was described as handsome, courteous, complex and volatire. He was intelligent, gifted, artistic, idealistic and sensual. He could be blasphemous, erotic and amoral.2 He was born in 1071. He was the son of Guy Geoffrey d' Acquitaine. He married Philippa of Toulouse,daughter of Emma de Mortain in November 1094. Duke William IX of Aquitaine and Philippa of Toulouse founded and granted land to the abbey of Fontevrault, Anjou, in 1100 It was established as a nunnery for noble ladies, although all woman, of any rank, would be admitted. It was governed by an abbess of noble birth, and was a double monostery for priests, monks and nuns. It had a reputation for piety and contemplative prayer. The lady nuns were able to bring servants and certain wordly comforts with them into their apartments.3 Duke William IX of Aquitaine was excommunicated in 1114; The bishop of Poitiers pronounced the sentence for some reason lost to history; William demanded, while in the cathedral, absolution from the sentence at the point of a sword. It was not granted.4 He died on 10 February 1127. |
| Fulk IV Count of Anjou died in 1109. |
| Philippa of Toulouse was born in 1075. She was the daughter of Emma de Mortain. She married King Sancho I de Aragón,son of Ramiro I King of Aragòn after 1086. Philippa of Toulouse was described as a pious, high-minded, strong-willed woman with excellent political judgement.1 She married Duke William IX of Aquitaine,son of Guy Geoffrey d' Acquitaine in November 1094. She wished to marry a man who had the power, will and means to regain the County of Toulouse for her. Philippa of Toulouse and Duke William IX of Aquitaine founded and granted land to the abbey of Fontevrault, Anjou, in 1100 It was established as a nunnery for noble ladies, although all woman, of any rank, would be admitted. It was governed by an abbess of noble birth, and was a double monostery for priests, monks and nuns. It had a reputation for piety and contemplative prayer. The lady nuns were able to bring servants and certain wordly comforts with them into their apartments.2 Philippa of Toulouse died on 28 November 1118 at abbey, Fontevrault, Anjou. |
| William was born in 1126 or 1127.1 He was the son of Guillaume V and Anor d' Châtellerault. William died after March 1130 at hunting lodge, Talmont, County of Poitou. |
| Raymond Poitiers was born circa 1112. He was the son of Duke William IX of Aquitaine and Philippa of Toulouse. Raymond Poitiers was described taller, better built and more handsome than any man of his time, surpassing all others as a horseman and as a warrior. He possessed great physical strength. He loved hunting and gambling. He was illirate but was said to be a brilliant conversationalist, familiar with the toubador tradition and courtly love culture. He was pragmatic, popular impulsive, an able ruler, sometimes lazy, courageousness, abstemious, but not gluttonous, drunk or debauched.1 Raymond died on 29 June 1149. He was beheaded in a skirmish with Nureddin, a ruthless Muslem warrior who was governor of Mosul and Aleppo,2 who sent the head to the Caliph of Bagdad, who displayed it over the city gates.3 |
| King Sancho I de Aragón was the son of Ramiro I King of Aragòn. He married Philippa of Toulouse,daughter of Emma de Mortain after 1086. King Sancho I de Aragón died on 4 June 1094 at Huesca, Aragòn.1 |
| He married Agnès d' Aquitatine, in 1059.1 Ramiro I King of Aragòn died in 1063. |
| Agnès d' Aquitatine was born circa 1045. She married Ramiro I King of Aragòn, in 1059.1 Agnès died after 1089. |
| Emma de Mortain died in 1080.1 |
| Count Geoffrey of Nantes was born at Rouen or Argentan, Duchy of Normandy, on 1 June 1134.1 He was the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Matilda of England. Geoffrey was created the Count of Nantes circa 1150.1 |
| William was born in August 11361 at Argentan, Duchy of Normandy, or in Angers, Anjou.2 He was the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Matilda of England. |
| Abbess Marie of Shaftesbury was born illegitimate circa 1134. She was the daughter of Geoffrey Plantagenet. Abbess Marie of Shaftesbury took the veil and entered religion becoming the abbess Shaftesbury, Dorset, England. She probably was also known as Marie of France, who was known for her lays and translations. She might be the best known French poet of the Middle Ages.1 |
| Philip Augustus of France was born near Paris, Gonesse, France, on 22 August 1165.1,2 He was the son of Louis VII of France and Adela of Champagne. Philip Augustus of France was crowned King of France at Rheims, France, on 1 November 1179 This ceremony was postponed from 15 August, and was in anticipation of the actual succesion, Philip being crowned during the lifetime of his father, as his father had been.3 He and Henry Plantagenet took the cross and decided to go on Crusade in October 1187. Henry had pledged to go on crusade a decade before, and was now prompted to go upon hearing that his son Richard had taken the Cross.4 |
| Henry is known to history with the name of Henry the Young King. Henry was born at Bermondsey, on 28 February 1155.1,2 He was the son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. Henry was baptized by Richard de Belmeis, bishop of London.3 A contract for the marriage of Henry and Marguerite of France was signed in August 1158 at Duchy of Normandy; at the end of the month at the border of Normandy.4 Henry and Richard I King of England did homage to King Louis VII of France as his overlord on 7 January 1169 at Montmirail, Maine, France. Henry swore fealty as Count of Anjou, Maine and for Brittany, Richard swore fealty as duke of Aquitaine.5 |
| Matilda was born probably at London, in June 1156.1,2 She was also reported to have been born at Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.1 She was the daughter of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. Matilda was baptized at Holy Trinity Church, Aldgate, London, by Archbishop Theobald.1 Matilda was named for her grandmother Matilda of England.1 |
|
Richard I King of England is known to history with the name of Richard the Lionheart.
Richard was born at King's House later known as Beaumont Palace Oxford, England, on 8 September 1157.1,2
He was the son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine.
Henry and Richard I King of England did homage to King Louis VII of France as his overlord on 7 January 1169 at Montmirail, Maine, France. Henry swore fealty as Count of Anjou, Maine and for Brittany, Richard swore fealty as duke of Aquitaine.3
Richard I King of England took the cross in response to the fall of Hattin by the forces of Saladin, in October 1187.4
He was crowned at Westminister Abbey, Westminister, England, on 3 September 1189.5
He married Princess Berengaria of Navarre, at Chapel of St. George, Limassol, Cyprus, on 12 May 1191. He wore a rose colored belted tunic of samite with a mantle of striped silk tissue threaded with gold cresents and silver suns, a scarlet bonnet and bushkins of cloth of gold with gilded spurs.6
Richard I King of England composed two troubadour songs, which survive, one of which, in the Provençal language7, was dedicated to his half-sister Princess Marie of France in 1193. It was put to music, and read: No captive will ever speak his mind honestly other than with grief; but to console himself he can compose a song. I have many friends, but their gifts are paltry, for which they will feel shame, should I be a prisoner those two winters for lack of my ransom. My vassels and my barons, English, Normans, Poitevins and Gascons, are well aware that I had no companion so poor that I would leave him in prison for lack of money. I say this not as a rebuke; but I myself am still a prisoner. Now I know it to be a certain fact that no dead man or captive has friends or relations, when I am abandoned for lack of gold or silver. I feel great concern for myself, but still more for my people, since after my death they will be heaped with reproach, should I remain a prisoner for long. It is no wonder I am heart-broken, when my overlord keeps my land in torment. Should he now remember the joint oath we both took, I am quite sure I should no longer be a prisoner in here. Those young knoghts of Anjou and Touraine who now enjoy both wealth and health know well of my plight far from them in a stranger's hands. They used to love me dearly, but now not a jot. The plains stand empty of splendid arms ow that I am a prisoner. Those companions of mine whom I used to love and still do--tell me, my song, that they are fickle, though I was never false or half-hearted towards them. If they turn against me, they are despicable, so long as I am a prisoner. Countess, my sister, may He to whom I cry and for whose sake I am a prisoner save and preserve your matchless worth. I do not refer to the lady of Chartres, Louis's mother.8 Richard I King of England was crowned at Winchester, on 17 April 1194.9 Richard died on 6 April 1199 at Châlus, at age 41 years, 6 months and 29 days.10 His body was interred at abbey, Fontevrault, Anjou, on 11 April 1199. The date was Palm Sunday.10 |
| Geoffrey was born on 23 September 1158.1,2 He was the son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. |
| Eleanor was born at Domfort Castle, Duchy of Normandy, in September 1161.1,2 She was the daughter of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. Eleanor was baptized by Cardinal Henry of Pisa with Robert of Torigni standing as a godfather.3 |
| Joanna was born at Angers, Anjou, in October 1165.1,2 She was the daughter of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. |
| John was born at the King's House, now known as Beumont Palace, in Oxford, England, on 24 December 1166.1,2 He was the son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine. John is known to history with the name of John Lackland. He became betrothed to Isabelle of Gloucester on 28 September 1176.3 He married Isabelle of Gloucester, at Marlborough, on 29 August 1189. He did not wait for a papal dispension before getting married; once his brother Richard granted permission they wed. He wanted control of her estates..4 Their lands were put under interdict on 29 August 1189 by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, who also declared the marriage void, as a result of not geting a dispension and marrying within the forbidden degrees. John appealed to Pope Clement, who lifted the interdict and granted the dispension, on the proviso that the couple abstain from sexual relations.4 John was proclaimed Duke of Normandy on 25 March 1199 at Rouen, Duchy of Normandy.5 He was crowned at Westminister Abbey, London, England, on 25 May 1199.6 The marriage of John and Isabelle of Gloucester was annulled summer 1199 at Normandy, by the bishops of Lisieux, Bayeux, and Avranches, on the grounds of consanguinity.7 |
| Isabelle of Gloucester was also known as Hawise of Gloucester. She became betrothed to John on 28 September 1176.1 She married John,son of Henry Plantagenet and Aliénore d' Aquitaine at Marlborough, on 29 August 1189.2 Their lands were put under interdict on 29 August 1189 by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, who also declared the marriage void, as a result of not geting a dispension and marrying within the forbidden degrees. John appealed to Pope Clement, who lifted the interdict and granted the dispension, on the proviso that the couple abstain from sexual relations.2 The marriage of Isabelle of Gloucester and John was annulled summer 1199 at Normandy, by the bishops of Lisieux, Bayeux, and Avranches, on the grounds of consanguinity.3 Isabelle died in 1217. Her body was interred at Canterbury Cathedral.4 |
| Guy Geoffrey d' Acquitaine was the son of Duke William V of Aquitaine. His name was changed to Duke William VIII of Aquitaine. Guy Geoffrey d' Acquitaine,, accedded to the dukedom of Aquitaine in 1058. Upon the eeath of his brother, William VII. He was an energentic and dynamic ruler; he annexed Saintonge and Gascony to Aquitaine by 1063. He went and fought the Moors in Spain; his victory at Babstro was still celebrated in the chassons de geste of the 12th century.1 He died in 1086.1 |
| Duke William V of Aquitaine was the son of Duke William IV of Aquitaine and Emma d' France. Duke William V of Aquitaine is known to history with the name of William Great the. Duke William V of Aquitaine succeded to the title of duke of Aquitaine upon the abdication of Duke William IV of Aquitaine in 996. He was well educated and founded a cathedral school at Poitiers. He associated with scholars from the cathedral schools of Blois, Tours and Chartes. He was a collector of books and he promoted learning at his Court, which he held at Poitiers. He established good relations, and alliances, with the Church and his feudal neighbors. He made several pilgrimages to Rome.1 William died in 1030. |
| Duke William IV of Aquitaine was the son of Duke William III of Aquitaine. Duke William IV of Aquitaine is known to history with the name of William Firebras (or Strong Arm).1,2 He married Emma d' France. He overindulged in hunting and women, and his wife took vengence on his mistresses.1 Duke William IV of Aquitaine abdicated duchy of Aquitaine in favor of his son Duke William V of Aquitaine in 996. Duke William IV of Aquitaine retired to a monastery and entered religion circa 996.1 William died in 996. |
| She married Duke William IV of Aquitaine,son of Duke William III of Aquitaine. Emma d' France died in 1004. |
Compiler:
Charles Wolfram
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