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Occupations and Populations
Compiled by the Dethick, Lea & Holloway Historical Society
Contents
Introduction
The data in this section mainly covers the years during the 18th and 19th
centuries when some sources only give a vague indication of location. Being essentially an
index, which it is hoped will be of help to family historians, it requires the proviso
that for total accuracy any actual source which the index suggests might be useful, should
itself be consulted.
Table 1. Records of the population of Dethick, Lea & Holloway
Year Population Male Female Houses Population Ratio
/House % M : F
1801 509 250 259 108 4.70 1.04 1811 487 229 258 116 4.19 1.12 1821 492 246 246 - - 1.00 1829 492 - - - - - 1831 675 337 338 137 4.90 1.00 1841 878 - - 169 5.20 - 1846 879 - - 173 5.10 - 1851 866 414 452 185 4.60 1.10 1861 934 432 502 206 4.50 1.16 1871 965 444 521 209 4.60 1.17 1881 1036 481 555 243 4.20 1.15 1891 1142 549 593 252 4.50 1.08 1901 1311 - - 303 4.30 - 1911 1332 628 704 314 4.20 1.12 1921 1159 523 636 301 3.80 1.20 1931 1195 561 634 305 3.80 1.13 1941 - - - - - - 1951 1102 522 580 340 3.20 1.11 1961 1077 511 566 361 2.90 1.11 1971 1204 578 626 410 2.50 1.08 1981 1164 554 610 423 2.70 1.10 1991 1136 552 583 450 2.50 1.06 Data has been derived from the appropriate Census returns and other local historical records.
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Table 2 - Occupations in Dethick, Lea & Holloway, from Census information
Occupation/Year 1891 1881 1871 1861 1851
MEN WMN MEN WMN MEN WMN MEN WMN MEN WMN
Farmers 28 0 18 0 21 0 24 0 20 0 Farmer's son 7 0 6 0 8 0 5 0 2 0 Farm Servant/Labourer 21 0 27 2 24 3 19 2 36 2
Farming Total 56 0 51 2 53 3 48 2 58 2
Mill/Factory - - 15 27 17 34 12 7 5 8 Wool/Textiles - - 20 19 13 7 24 25 24 61 Hosiery - - 39 47 32 64 6 44 7 45 Cotton - - 0 13 6 2 5 0 1 0
Textile Factory Total 91 101 74 106 68 107 47 76 37 114
Lead Works - - 23 0 19 0 19 0 19 0 Lead Mine - - 11 0 4 0 14 0 11 0
Lead Industry Total 23 - 34 0 23 0 33 0 30 0
Stone Mason 13 0 13 0 18 0 5 0 10 0 Stone Cutter/Getter 23 0 19 0 26 0 13 0 27 0
Stone Industry Total 36 0 32 0 44 0 18 0 37 0
The above tabulated figures may be compared with an analysis of the occupation of the fathers of the children baptised during the years 1839 - 1849, 1849 - 1858, as recorded in the Dethick Parish Registers.
1849-58 1839-49
Total number baptised 156 246 Father's occupation Number % Number %
Labourers 65 44 81 33 Stone Industry 17 11 36 15 Hatters 5 3 26 11 Textile Industry 12 8 13 5
Occupation/Year 1891 1881 1871 1861 1851
MEN WMN MEN WMN MEN WMN MEN WMN MEN WMN
Domestic Servant 3 25 2 30 1 23 0 35 0 35 General Servant 0 0 2 7 3 3 3 1 2 2 General Labourer 19 0 30 0 24 0 23 0 19 0 Tailor/Dressmaker 2 14 1 16 2 22 3 16 2 10 Carter/Groom/Coachman 12 0 8 0 5 0 15 0 3 0 Joiner/Carpenter 11 0 7 0 5 0 6 0 2 0 Housekeeper 0 10 0 13 0 8 0 4 0 2 Grocer 8 0 6 6 5 3 6 2 5 2 Gardener 8 0 10 0 7 0 3 0 3 0 Clerk/Cashier 7 0 4 0 6 0 5 1 2 0 Butcher 6 0 4 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 Mechanic/Fitter/Eng'r 5 0 5 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Baker 4 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Shoemaker/Cordwainer 4 0 8 0 7 0 9 0 6 0 Woodcutter 3 0 3 0 5 0 4 0 5 0 Publican 3 0 2 1 3 0 3 0 3 0 Blacksmith 2 0 5 0 4 0 9 0 8 0 Teacher/Pupil T'chr 3 4 3 4 4 0 1 6 1 2 Watchman 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 Wheelwright 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 Draper 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Milliner 0 1 0 2 0 5 0 2 0 0 Painter 1 0 4 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 Slater 0 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Miller 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 Hatter 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 1 20 7 Nurse/Midwife 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 4 0 1 Other 38 7 38 3 24 4 25 5 17 0
Sub Total by sex 349 163 313 172 288 184 303 156 259 178
Total Empl'd that yr 512 485 472 459 437
Additional occupations infrequently listed (Includes some specialists in above major industries)
Farrier Game Keeper Plumber Roller Coverer Book Seller Sawyer Estate Agent Wire Drawer Millwright Gas maker Policeman Sinker maker Basket maker Hawker Bath Attendant Steel Miller Nailer Silver plater Fireman Railway Signalman Author Artist Physician Hosiery manager Stone Merchant Caretaker Chemist Timber Merchant Music Teacher Plate Layer Time Keeper Sales Woman Furrier Card Grinder Wool Stapler Hat Manufacturer Flour Dealer Builder Whitesmith Coal Higgler,Miner Lead Merchant Mine Owner Smelter Lead Works Manager Bobbin Manufacturer Minister/Missionary Commercial Traveller Canvasser for Photographer Stationary Engine Driver Station Engine Fireman
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Table 3, List of Some
Wills and Probate at Lichfield
(abstracted by David Kiernan)
AMOTT of Lea 22 Feb 1605/6 Thomas AMOTT of Over Holloway 18 Jly 1609 Robert ALSOPPE of Lea 22 Nov 1620 William CHARLTON of Nether Howaye 20 Dec 1637 Robert GREENSMITH of Lea 24 Aug 1616 Robert GREENSMITH of Lea 1622 Thomas HEBBE of Over Howay 22 May 1630 Elizabeth HEB of Over Holloway 28 Apr 1647 James JOHNSON of Lea 05 Oct 1559 Thomas JONSON of Howey 10 Feb 1579/80 Henry MAYCOKE of Nether Howay 15 Sep 1557 Ralph MATHER of Lea 24 Mar 1595/06 Ellen MATHER of Lea 27 Jun 1598 Henry MEACOCKE of Nether Howay 28 Mar 1626 Mary MEACOCKE of Nether Howay 19 Sep 1633 Sir Humphrey MATHER of Lea (Chantry Priest) 19 Jun 1536 Edward ORME of Lea 20 Jly 1608 Thomas ROBINSON of Dethick 10 Nov 1557 George ROYD of Cowhay 15 Jan 1638/9 Anthony SPENDLOVE of Dethick 09 Jun 1623 James WODE of the Leye 23 Apr 1566 Richard WILDE of Lea 19 Sep 1633 William WALKER of Dethick 02 Jun 1634 George WILCOCKSON of Lea (a Miller) 22 Mar 1638/9
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Table 4 - Land Owners at the Enclosure of Common Land, and some residents, in 1776
The following lists are derived from the Schedule which together with the associated map defined the enclosure of common land around Lea and Holloway. These originals of these valuable documents are held at the County Records Office, in Matlock.
There are three categories of people mentioned:
1 2 3
ALLEN John X X ALLEN Mary X ALLEN Samuel X ALLEN William X X X ALESBROOK Susannah (Widow) X X BACON Edward X X BACON George X X BACON John X BARKER Robert (Intake) X X X BLAND James X BORKIN Ann X BROWN Mary X X X BUXTON Anthony X BUXTON James X X CHADWICKE Samuel X CHEATHAM Thomas X CLARK Geoffrey Bagnall X CLAY Martha (Widow) X COOK Rebecca X COWLEY John X X COWLEY Thomas X COWLEY William X FLINT George X X FLINT Henry X FLINT John (Trustees) X X FLINT Troth X X GAUNT William X GOODALL Thomas X X X HALTON Emanuel (Esq) X X HALTON Miles (Rev) X X HAWLEY Joseph X X HAY Joseph X HAYES Edward (Intake) X HIGTON Hannah X X HODGKINSON Robert Banks X HOPKINSON Thomas X X KENDALL Jonathan X LOMAS Edward X MARSHALL Ann X MASON John (Vicar of Crich) X MERCHANT Elizabeth X MOREWOOD George (Esq) X X NEWTON John X NEWTON William X X NIGHTINGALE Henry X NIGHTINGALE Peter X X NIGHTINGALE Thomas X X NUTALL Edward X X NUTALL William X RADFORD Paul X RAWLINS John X REYNOLDS John X SCARCROFT Robert (Esq) X SLATER Ellen X SOWTER Joseph X SOWTER Mary X STAFFORD Henry X X STREET Anthony X STRINGFELLOW John X X TAYLOR Peter X THANET Rt. Hon. Earl of X X THORNLEY Robert (Gent) X X TWIGG John X X X WARD William X WESTON Joshua X X WETTON William X X X WHARTON Thomas X WHEATCROFT David X X WHEELDON Thomas X WILD Joseph X X X WOOD Anthony X WOOD Hugh X X WOOD John X X X WOOD Richard X X YOUNG Charles X X X
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Records of Publicans in the 18th and early 19th centuries
The notes in this section refer those people listed from 1753 in the records of the Quarterly Sessions when one or two sureties were paid on their behalf. The sums involved originally were � 10 and victuallers would often serve each other, perhaps to save others needing to travel to the venue. The houses are not named, being known only by the name of the victualler.
The Radfords.
The Radfords, including Ann, were at the Inn named as the Three Horseshoes in the 1830's (and possibly before that if the Directories had mistaken 'Ann Bradford' and 'Ann Bradfield' for Ann Radford's name.) The family may well have been there from 1765. Joseph is listed from 1765-1772, Sarah for three years and Paul from 1776-1821 (in 1775 Joseph was tenant of the adjacent blacksmith's shop which may account for the name chosen). It was at Sarah Radford's that the meeting to consider asking for an Act of Parliament (actually passed in 1777) to enclose the common lands was called.
Enoch Smithurst.
He was listed from 1753-1763 and stated to be from Lea. William Flint was surety for him. His dates would allow him to be the victualler in the house, which it is speculated might most probably be the Three Horseshoes, later taken by Radford in 1764/5.
However the date stone over the door of the Jug and Glass 'SSE 1782' could refer to Smithurst, Enoch and Sarah (his wife). Such a couple had sons christened in 1748 (but 1782 is later than the last date when he was noted at the Quarter Sessions although he was alive in 1783). Equally, Elisha and Sarah Sleigh of Lea were mentioned in 1748. In this case however there is no known connection of them with any Inn.
William Bunting.
He features in the Quarterly Sessions records from 1753-1776. During this time it seems likely the Radford's were at the Three Horseshoes. An auction was advertised in the Derby Mercury in 1758, to be held at 'Wm. Bunting's Inn at Lea'. An early meeting, in December 1766, of the Trustees of the Cromford - Langley Mill Turnpike was held 'at the house of Wm. Bunting in Lea', the only time they met in the parish in the 18th century. It is noteworthy that Lea was not on the route of the road and all other meetings were held at houses on the route. It seems they did not meet at an Inn such as the Yew Tree in Holloway, for they specifically met at Lea! If the Radfords were at the Three Horseshoes, then we must postulate another Inn at that time. Peter Nightingale was a Trustee of the road and had property in Lea. The date stone over the door entering the present Jug and Glass states 1782, after the date of the meeting. Structurally there is evidence that the front of the building was an extension of an earlier one and that the 'Row' was a further development. Of course the Jug and Glass Row was built by the same Peter Nightingale and he would be in a position to suggest and even invite the meeting to convene at the Inn he owned, possibly on the site of the present Jug and Glass.
The Flints.
George Flint is listed as the publican at the jug and Glass between 1821 and 1825. The Quarter Session's lists extend his involvement in the trade back to 1810 in Lea; it might reasonably be assumed at the Jug and Glass. The family does however have many associations with public houses.
The Three Horseshoes has within its present structure a date stone 'S F 1731'. There is a Samuel Flint mentioned in the Parish Registers when his children were christened in 1737 and 1740. William Flint provides surety on many occasions between 1755 and 1777, for houses in both Holloway and Lea, including that of the Radford family. It may be that the Flints built the property and were letting it to the Radfords. This is however only based on speculation, nothing more. It is not unusual for families to move from one public house to another.
It is also of some interest to note that Wm. Flint, Wm. Bunting and Enoch Smithurst were among the ten signatories to a suggestion in 1755 that the date of the Wakes week should be changed.
Public Houses in Holloway
There is often a public house specifically in Holloway after 1766. The Youngs (Charles and Adam) are named between 1766 and 1809. William Peat appears from 1807 - 1821.
Others
There are many names besides those above, for example, Wm. Higget of Lea (1753), John Millward (1760), Roberta Gregory (1764-76) in Lea, John Gibson (1769-73) in Lea, Edward and Elizabeth Wild (1760-63). Mary Alsopp appears in 1762, the location being given as Bow Wood. It seems likely that this was what is now known as Lea Bridge.
Early Taverns
The Domestic State Papers, No. 25, 1577 provide a
"Certyfycate of namys of all such as do kepe Taverns Innys and Ale Howys* compiled by Sir Francis Leek, Knyght, Justice of the Pease, in response to the commandment of the Right Honorable Lordes …. Of the Quene's Maiesties moost honorable privie Councell. 15 November 1577.
Hundred de Wirksworth in Comitatu Praedicto:
Dethicke, Tansley and Lea.
William Johnson
Leonard Bacon
Alehowsis i j
Summa Totalis of all the alehowsis within the wapp. or hundred of Wirksworth cx
Vintners j
Innekepers j
*many are very poore."
(Both family names Bacon and Johnson occur in Dethick, Lea and Holloway in later times, the latter in 1559 and 1579. Mary Backon (b 1631) of Nether Holloway died aged 108 in 1739)
Table 5 - 19th Century Commercial Enterprises in Dethick, Lea & Holloway
GROCER
1871 John ALLSOP (Apprentice Grocer, Draper & Ironmonger)
1891 Mary ALLSOP Holloway Lane
1851-71 Anthony BODEN Holloway (Common Side)
1857-71 Anthony BODEN Holloway (& Flour Dealer)
1857 George BUXTON Holloway
1861 Henry EATON Holloway (& Shoe Dealer)
1829 George ELSE
1851-61 Alice ELSE Holloway
1841-61 William FLINT Lea / Dethick (& Tea Dealer)
1851-71 Samuel FLINT (Farmer) Lea, (Adjacent to Lea Chapel)
1871 Mary Ann FLINT (Widow) Lea
1881 John GAUNT
1881-91 William HUGHES Holloway, (& Flour Dealer)
At Institute Building)
1860 Lea and Holloway Industrial Co-operative Society
1881 William H. LOWE Lea (& PO)
1881 Fred K. LOWE Holloway (& Shoemaker)
1871-81 Sarah PEARSON Lea, Sycamore Cottage (& Flour Dealer)
1881 Ambrose POLLAND Holloway, Common
1835 Jemima RADFORD Holloway (& Sundries)
1841 Joshua RADFORD Holloway
1851-57 John RADFORD Holloway (& Tea Dealer)
1881 Fred RADFORD Holloway
1846 George SLACK
1895 John SLATER Manager at Co-op
1835-71 George SMITH Holloway (& Sundries)
1857 Luke STONE Lea
1881 John E. WILKINSON Co-op Storekeeper at Co-op House
BAKER 1861-71 William BUNTING Bracken Lane 1881 John GAUNT (& Grocer) 1892 Alfred HOLMES Holloway 1878-10 William HUGHES 1821-29 Thomas LEES Lea 1841 MORRILL Lea 1835-46 Joseph RADFORD Holloway
BOARDING HOUSE 1829 John ELSE (& Victualler) 1835 John ELSE Holloway
BEER HOUSES (For Public Houses - see the later chapter 'Commercial Directory' 1846 Ann BUXTON Holloway 1857 George BUXTON Holloway 1846 William GAUNT Holloway 1846 John GOODALL Lea 1891 Frederick LOWE The Hollow 1829 Ann SIMPSON (& Victualler) 1846-57 Sarah YOUNG Holloway
GREENGROCER / FISHMONGER 1903 Francis DAVIES (Greengrocer) 1904-09 William LOWE Holloway (Fish) 1907 Edgar SELLERS (Fish) MILLER 1846 Samuel COUPE Lea 1829-41 William ELSE Lea 1841-81 Charles ELSE Lea (Dethick Mill) 1871 William ELSE Lea 1829 Isaac SPENCER 1851-61 Robert WHITE Lea Mill, Adjacent Cowgate
BUTCHER 1871 Hugh DALMAN Commonside, Holloway (Pork) 1846 William GAUNT Holloway 1851-61 Richard PLATTS Lea, adjacent Chapel House 1846-91 Thomas STOPPARD Lea 1891 Aaron STOPPARD 1880-91 Thomas WALKER Up the Hollow 1887 John WALKER Holloway
BOOT & SHOEMAKER 1861-71 John ALLEN Holloway, Cromford Road (Manufacturer) 1841 Thomas ALLEN Holloway 1881 Thomas ALLEN Holloway 1898-01 Albert BROWN 1841-71 Thomas BROWNSON Holloway (Manufacturer) 1846-81 William BUNTING Lea 1841 Thomas BUXTON Holloway 1835 John GAUNT Holloway 1835 John GIBSON Lea 1841-81 William HANBY Lea, Holt House 1846-51 Thomas HODGKINSON Holloway 1861 Samuel KNOWLES Holloway 1841-71 George LITTLEWOOD Lea 1881 Fred K. LOWE Holloway (& Grocer) 1881 William MARRIOT Sodom 1835-41 Thomas OLDHAM Holloway 1835-51 John WRIGHT Holloway
WHEELWRIGHT 1841-71 Joseph CLAYTON Holloway 1871 Joseph CLAYTON (Jnr) Yew Tree Inn, Holloway 1845 Fran CROFTS Holloway 1835 John HAINES Lea
BLACKSMITH 1841 Amos BARKER Holloway 1841 George BUXTON Holloway 1851 James BUXTON Holloway 1775 Joseph RADFORD 1841- Paul RADFORD Lea, Three Horseshoes 1846- Joseph RADFORD Lea, Jug & Glass (& Whitesmith) 1851- Thomas RADFORD Holloway, Commonside 1871 William RADFORD Holloway 1841 John RADFORD (Jun) Holloway 1861 Joseph RADFORD (Jun) Lea 1835- John RADFORD (Sen) Holloway 1861- William RAWSON Lea, Near Three Horseshoes 1877- William STORER Holloway 1881 Henry WHITE Holloway
CARRIER 1857 CRICHLEY --- to Chesterfield, Saturdays 1920 DAVIES Holloway 1841-46 George HANBY Lea to Chesterfield, Saturdays 1895 William HUGHES - (Cab) 1920 Thomas STOPPARD Lea (Brake) 1917 Edward WORTHY Holloway (Livery Stable) 1920 Ted WORTHY Holloway 1881 William YOUNG Holloway (Cab)
TAILOR & MILLINER 1857 John FARMER 1871-81 Henry & Sarah HADFIELD Holloway, Commonside 1846 George SLACK (Tailor) 1891 Walter SMEDLEY Lea (Tailor) 1891 Sarah WILTON The Hollow (Draper)
TIMBER MERCHANT 1885 John ELSE Holloway 1871-91 Thomas SAYLES Langley Turnpike 1871-81 Joseph SAYLES 1887 William SAYLES Holloway
JOINER 1861 Thomas BUNTING Holloway 1846-91 Samuel BUXTON Lea in '61 adj Chapel Hse', in '81 Beamore' 1821 Mary BUXTON Lea (& Builder) 1829 Thomas BUXTON Lea (& Builder) 1891 Robert CLAYTON Holloway, Park View 1841 John HAYNES Lea 1891 George KNOWLES (Mason & Builder) 1881-91 George MARPLE Holloway (& Builder) 1871-81 Isaac SWAIN Boundary Stone Cottage, Bracken Lane 1881 George WALL
WOOLLEN MANUFACTURER 1891 John BROOM Hosiery Manufacturer 1891 William LOWE Woollen Manufacturer 1891 Henry LOWE Wool Stapler 1829 John SMEDLEY 1841 John SMEDLEY Hosiery Manufacturer 1846 John SMEDLEY Merino & Hosiery 1851 John SMEDLEY Hosiery
DAIRYMAN 1881 Adam WRAGG Holloway
LEAD 1829-46 Alfred ALSOP Lea 1821 John ALSOP Lea Bridge 1829 Luke ALSOP Lea Hall 1829 John ALSOP and Co 1841-51 Joseph WASS Lea Green 1871-81 Anne WASS Lea Green 1851 Edward M. WASS 1864 Mrs. WASS and Son
ESTATE AGENT 1881 William YEOMAN Holloway House
HAT MANUFACTURER 1829-61 William WALKER Lea Bridge
HORSE DEALER 1829 Robert ALSOP
MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURER 1887-91 John ELSE Lea Bridge
CHURCH 1928 Rev. J. M. Wilmot BROOK 1943 Rev. J. B. BUNTING 1969-93 Rev. J. B. HURST 1906 Rev. W. LATHAM 1964 Rev. J. K. LUCY 1935 Rev. K. M. ROWBATHAM 1955 Rev. J. K. ROWLINSON 1829 Rev. Richard WARD (Perpetual Curate) 1910 Rev. G. WIGRAM 1900 Rev. Francis WINDLEY 1920 Rev. J. Douglas WOOD
SCHOOLS 1846 Sarah COCKING ? Holloway Academy 1861 Isabella SWANSBOURN British Industrial School House 1841 John WILDGOOSE Lea 1846 John & Fanny WILDGOOSE Lea Academy 1851 Fanny WILDGOOSE Lea (Wife of John - 'farmer')
TEACHERS 1861 Salana ALLEN Infants 1915 Mr. BENNISON 1888-06 J. W. P. BURTON 1891 Adelina BURTON 1886 Ebenezer BUTLER 1861 Jane EWART Infants 1920 Miss. HARRISON 1881 John B. HAYWOOD 1851 Peter HOLMES Assistant Teacher 1915 Mrs. MARPLE Infants 1841 Elizabeth TRAVIS
STONE MERCHANTS 1841-46 Luke ALSOPP Lea Hall 1829-35 William SIMS 1841-51 Samuel SIMS Holloway 1871 William SIMS Holloway, Holloway House
CONSTABLE 1871 No Policeman 1881 Henry (?) HADFIELD 1881 John (?) HADFIELD 1938 E. MALCOLM 1937- Joe RAINSBURY 1891 Arthur ROWLETT 1895 Chas (?) ROWLETT 1902- George WOOLAND (?) WOODWARD (?)
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