King Frederick William II of Prussia
Name Prefix:<NPFX> King
King of Great Britain George III William Frederick of Hanover
[Prince.William.England.ancestors.ged]
AFN: 9FNG-NM
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George III was the longest reigning of male British monarchs. Born on June 4, 1738, he was the son of Frederick, prince of Wales, and the grandson of George II. He succeeded his grandfather in 1760, his father having died in 1751.
George had high but impractical ideas of kingship. On his accession hesought to rule without regard to party, to banish corruption from political practice, and to abandon the Hanoverian preoccupations of his predecessors. The chief minister chosen to implement his new system of politics, the third earl of Bute (1713-92), however, was an unpracticed politician who merely succeeded in disrupting the established politics ofthe day without creating a viable alternative. The result was 10 years of ministerial instability and public controversy, which ended only in 1770 with the appointment of Frederick, Lord North, an able and congenial minister.
Although never an autocratic monarch in the sense that his opponents contended, George III was always a powerful force in politics. He was a strong supporter of the war against America, and he viewed the concession of independence in 1783 with such detestation that he considered abdicating his throne. At the same time he fought a bitter personal feud with the Whig leader Charles James Fox, and his personal intervention brought the fall of the Fox-North ministry in 1783. He then found another minister, William Pitt, the Younger, who suited him. Even as late as 1801he preferred, however, to force Pitt to resign as prime minister rather than permit Catholic Emancipation, a measure that he interpreted as contrary to his coronation oath to uphold the Church of England.
After 1801 George III was increasingly incapacitated by an illness, sometimes identified as porphyria, that caused blindness and senility. His recurring bouts of insanity became a political problem and ultimately compelled him to submit to the establishment of a formal Regency in 1811. The regent was his oldest son, the future George IV, one of 15 children borne him by his wife, Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
George III was bitterly criticized by Whig historians of his own and later days. But 20th-century scholarship has somewhat redressed the balance, and he is now seen as a strong-minded but public-spirited monarch who perhaps ascended the throne at an overly young and impressionable age. He learned quickly, however, and developed into a shrewd and sensible statesman, although one of conservative views. To the court he brought a sense of public duty and private morality that proved popular in a society already being transformed by the evangelical revival. He showed considerable interest in agricultural improvement and was an avid collector of paintings and books. The best loved of the Hanoverian rulers, he enjoyed a personal reputation that stood his house in good stead during the disastrous reign of his son George. George III died on Jan. 29, 1820.
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GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820) and elector (1760-1814) and then king (1814-20) of Hanover, during a period when Britain won an empire in the Seven Years' War but lost its American colonies, and then, after the struggle against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, emerged as a leading power in Europe. During the last years of his life (from 1811) he was intermittently mad--his son, the future George IV, acting as regent.
Early years
George III was the son of Frederick Louis, prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. From his parents and their entourage, the young George imbibed an unreasonable dislike of his grandfather, King George II, and of all his policies. George was a child of strong feelings but of slow mental development. This unequal growth of brain and heart made him difficult to teach and too easy to command and produced in him an appearance of apathy; he could not read properly until he was 11. His affection for his immediate family circle dominated his life.
George was 12 when his father died, leaving him heir to the throne. It is clear that, in beginning with his 18th birthday to pre pare conscientiously for his future responsibilities, he tormented himself with thoughts of his inadequacy. The curious blend of obstinate determination with self-distrust, a feature of his maturity, was already evident. His method of screwing up his courage was to set himself an ideal of conduct. This ideal George thought he had found personified in John Stuart, 3rd earl of Bute, who became his inspiration, his teacher, and later his chief minister.
George was potentially a better politician than Bute, for he had tenacity, and, as experience mat ured him, he could use guile to achieve his ends. But at his accession in 1760 in the midst of the Seven Years' War (1756-63), between Great Britain and Prussia on one side and France, Austria, and Russia on the other, George did not know his own capacity nor the incapacity of his hero. As king, in 1761, he asked Bute for a review of all eligible German Protestant princesses "to save a great deal of trouble," as "marriage must sooner or later come to pass." He chose Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and married her on Sept. 8, 1761. Though the marriage was entered into in the spirit of public duty, it lasted for more than 50 years, due to the King's need for security and his wife's strength of character. Bute's only other useful contribution to his royal pupil was to encou rage his interest in botany and to implant in the court more respect for the graces of life, including patronage of the arts, than had been usual for the past half century.
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[alden.john.et.al.39K.by.gregory.strong.1564109.FTW]Acceded England 1760-1820.
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Note: He reigned upon the death of his grandfather, George II in 1760,until his own death in 1820
Name Prefix:<NPFX> King
Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Charlotte Sophia, House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz;
King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover
Upon the death of his brother, King William IV of
Great Britain====================================================
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Name Prefix:<NPFX> King
Ernest Augustus, House of Hanover;
Duke of Cambridge Adolphus of Hanover
Adolphus Frederick, House of Hanover;
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Duchess of Gloucester Mary of Hanover
Name Prefix:<NPFX> Princess
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Prince of England Octaviius of Hanover
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Prince of England Alfred of Hanover
Name Prefix:<NPFX> Prince
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King of England George IV of Hanover
[Prince.William.England.ancestors.ged]
George IV, who served as prince regent from 1811 to 1820 (see Regency)before succeeding his f ather, George III, to the throne, brought thestanding of the British monarchy lower than at a ny other time in itsmodern history. Born on Aug. 12, 1762, he consorted as a young man withhi s father's parliamentary opponents, including Charles James Fox. In1785 he illegally marrie d Mrs. Maria Fitzherbert. He subsequently deniedthe marriage in order to secure Parliament' s payment of his debts, and in1795 he married Princess Caroline of Brunswick, whom he later a ttemptedto divorce on his accession as king. Although long an ally of the Whigs,he declined t o bring them into power when he became regent, and he wasthereafter associated with deeply co nservative causes, especially themaintenance of official discrimination against Roman Catholi cs andProtestant dissenters. His personal profligacy and his treatment of QueenCaroline broug ht him great unpopularity. He spent extravagant sums on thearts. Some of the richest portion s of the royal collection and, aboveall, the Royal Pavilion at Brighton remain as monuments t o his culturalinterests. He died on June 26, 1830, and was succeeded by his brother,William IV.
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[alden.john.et.al.39K.by.gregory.strong.1564109.FTW]Acceded England 1820-1830.
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Princess Royal of England Charlotte Augusta Matilda of Hanover
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Charlotte Augusta Matilda, House of Hanover;
Princess of England Augusta Sophia of Hanover
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Augusta Sophia, House of Hanover;
Duke of Sussex Augustus Frederick of Hanover
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Augustus Frederick, House of Hanover;
King of England William IV Henry of Hanover
William Henry, House of Hanover; Had Ten Children with the Irish Actress Dorothea Jordon (1762-1816);
King of Britain, Duke of Clarence
b. Aug. 21, 1765, Lon don
d. June 20, 1837, Windsor Castle, near London
also called (17891830) PRI NCE WILLIAM HENRY, DUKE OF CLARENCE, German WILHELM HEINRICH, byname THE SAILOR KING, king of Great Britain and Ireland and king of Hanover from June 26, 1830 . Personally opposed to parliamentary reform, he grudgingly accepted the epocha l Reform Act of 1832, which, by transferring representation from depopulated "r otten boroughs" to industrialized districts, reduced the power of the British c rown and the landowning aristocracy over the government.
The third son of King George III, he entered the Royal Navy at the age of 13, fought in the American Revolution, and, while serving in the West Indies, formed a close friendship w ith the future naval hero Horatio (afterward Viscount) Nelson. When he left the sea in 1790, however, he had become unpopular with many other fellow officers and had angered his father by his numerous love affairs. Between 1794 and 1807 he had 10 illegitimate children (surnamed FitzClarence) by the Irish comedienne Dorothea Jordan. His marriage (July 11, 1818) to Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Mei ningen produced two daughters, both of whom died in infancy. On William's death , therefore, the British crown passed to his niece Princess Victoria, and the H anoverian crown passed to his brother Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland.
The Duke became heir presumptive on the death (Nov. 6, 1817) of Princess Charlotte Augusta, only legitimate child of his older brother, the Prince Regent (afterw ard King George IV, reigned 1820-30). In April 1827 the new prime minister, Geo rge Canning, revived for him the office of lord high admiral, but he was forced to resign in August 1828, when the Duke of Wellington was premier. After succe eding George IV as king, William proved to be less brilliant but also less self ish and more attentive to official business than his brother had been.
In May 1832 the prime minister, Charles Grey, the 2nd Earl Grey, asked the King to cre ate at least 50 new peers to overcome the House of Lords majority hostile to pa rliamentary reform. At first William refused, but after Wellington had failed t o form a Tory (Conservative) ministry, Grey's Whigs resumed office with the Kin g's written promise to create enough peers to carry the Reform Bill. The Lords, sufficiently threatened, allowed the bill to pass. As a consequence of redistr icting, Sir Robert Peel's Tories were unable to gain a Commons majority in the election of January 1835; and from April of that year the King had to deal with an uncongenial Whig premier, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, whom he had previously dismissed.====================================================
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.William, duke of Clarence, born 1765, 3rd son of George III, was
said to havebeen a vulgar man, who sought popularity after he
succeeded his brother, George IV as King of England. He had a
mistress, Irish born Mrs. Jordon, and had alarge family of
illigetimate children. He married Adelaide of Saxe Meiningen,
their two children died in infancy, leaving no heir to the
throne. He wassucceeded by his niece, Victoria in 1837.
Prince Frederick Augustus of Prussia
Name Prefix:<NPFX> Prince
Grand Duchess of Hesse Elizabeth Marie of Prussia
[Prince.William.England.ancestors.ged]
"Not all information in this family tree has been verified."
All corrections are welcome.
Updated September 14, 2001====================================================
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.Name Prefix:<NPFX> Princess
Princess of England Elizabeth of Hanover
Elizabeth, House of Hanover;
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When viewing the Polish ancestors, some surnames appear to display incorrectly unless you use a Central European font.