L. E. Sheridan was the first teacher of Carlton School which was in a small log house with a dirt floor. The school was in the timber area near a branch from which students carried water. 

Carlton School had ten grades in 1911. In 1924-25 the Carlton School Board included A. Stewart, Wilson McKenzie, H. E. Bell, J. W. Burden, W. S. Clark, John Finley, and A. E. Lefevre. Carlton teachers in 1924-25 were B. L. Oliver, Miss Mary Smith, Miss Josephine Buchanan, Miss Gladys Brannon, Miss Mabel Gipson, Miss Flora Smith, Mrs. Clora Gibson, and Mrs. Winnie Leach. Others who taught in the Carlton School included: Ethel Elma Sills Whaley and Robert Mark Sills.

Carlton School closed after the 1968-69 school year and consolidated with Hico Independent School District.