James Franklin Howe1
M, #28981, b. 5 September 1852, d. 2 October 1859
- Father*: Emory Howe1 b. 22 Jan 1821, d. 4 Mar 1887
- Mother*: Mary B. Curley1 b. 24 Dec 1831
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 74.
Mary Henrietta Howe1
F, #28982, b. 2 February 1856
- Father*: Emory Howe1 b. 22 Jan 1821, d. 4 Mar 1887
- Mother*: Mary B. Curley1 b. 24 Dec 1831
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 74.
Mary A. Walker1
F, #28983, d. August 1854
Family: Henry Goss Howe b. 16 Apr 1823
- Marriage*: Mary A. Walker married Henry Goss Howe, son of Isaac Howe and Rebecca Houghton, on Jun 19, 1849.1
- Mary Ann Florence Howe+2 b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
Citations
Mary Ann Foster1
F, #28984
Family: Henry Goss Howe b. 16 Apr 1823
- Marriage*: Mary Ann Foster married Henry Goss Howe, son of Isaac Howe and Rebecca Houghton, on Oct 3, 1855.1
- Harriet E. Howe b. 27 Apr 1856, d. 15 Sep 1856
- Edward Everett Howe1 b. 10 Sep 1857
- Hattie Allen Howe1 b. 31 Aug 1858, d. 9 Jun 1859
- Adeline Howe1 b. 6 Apr 1860
- Jennie M. Howe1 b. 22 Nov 1861, d. 10 Feb 1892
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Mary Ann Florence Howe1
F, #28985, b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 July 1893
- Father*: Henry Goss Howe1 b. 16 Apr 1823
- Mother*: Mary A. Walker1 d. Aug 1854
Family 1: Edward William Delavan Elleck
- Marriage*: Mary Ann Florence Howe married Edward William Delavan Elleck on Aug 16, 1866.1
- Mary Walker Elleck1 b. 4 Oct 1867
- Alice Maude Elleck1 b. 22 Jul 1870
- Grace Maria Elleck1 b. 15 Sep 1873
Family 2: Albert Wheelock Allen
- Marriage: Mary Ann Florence Howe married Albert Wheelock Allen on Sep 13, 1879.1
- Ethan Allen1 b. 18 Mar 1882
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Edward William Delavan Elleck1
M, #28986
Family: Mary Ann Florence Howe b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
- Marriage*: Edward William Delavan Elleck married Mary Ann Florence Howe, daughter of Henry Goss Howe and Mary A. Walker, on Aug 16, 1866.1
- Mary Walker Elleck1 b. 4 Oct 1867
- Alice Maude Elleck1 b. 22 Jul 1870
- Grace Maria Elleck1 b. 15 Sep 1873
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Albert Wheelock Allen1
M, #28987
Family: Mary Ann Florence Howe b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
- Marriage*: Albert Wheelock Allen married Mary Ann Florence Howe, daughter of Henry Goss Howe and Mary A. Walker, on Sep 13, 1879.1
- Ethan Allen1 b. 18 Mar 1882
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Mary Walker Elleck1
F, #28988, b. 4 October 1867
- Father*: Edward William Delavan Elleck1
- Mother*: Mary Ann Florence Howe1 b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Alice Maude Elleck1
F, #28989, b. 22 July 1870
- Father*: Edward William Delavan Elleck1
- Mother*: Mary Ann Florence Howe1 b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Grace Maria Elleck1
F, #28990, b. 15 September 1873
- Father*: Edward William Delavan Elleck1
- Mother*: Mary Ann Florence Howe1 b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Ethan Allen1
M, #28991, b. 18 March 1882
- Father*: Albert Wheelock Allen1
- Mother*: Mary Ann Florence Howe1 b. 20 May 1850, d. 8 Jul 1893
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Harriet E. Howe
F, #28992, b. 27 April 1856, d. 15 September 1856
- Father*: Henry Goss Howe b. 16 Apr 1823
- Mother*: Mary Ann Foster
Edward Everett Howe1
M, #28993, b. 10 September 1857
- Father*: Henry Goss Howe1 b. 16 Apr 1823
- Mother*: Mary Ann Foster1
Family: Katie A. Hughes
- Marriage*: Edward Everett Howe married Katie A. Hughes on Feb 22, 1890.1
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Katie A. Hughes1
F, #28994
Family: Edward Everett Howe b. 10 Sep 1857
- Marriage*: Katie A. Hughes married Edward Everett Howe, son of Henry Goss Howe and Mary Ann Foster, on Feb 22, 1890.1
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Hattie Allen Howe1
F, #28995, b. 31 August 1858, d. 9 June 1859
- Father*: Henry Goss Howe1 b. 16 Apr 1823
- Mother*: Mary Ann Foster1
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Adeline Howe1
F, #28996, b. 6 April 1860
- Father*: Henry Goss Howe1 b. 16 Apr 1823
- Mother*: Mary Ann Foster1
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Jennie M. Howe1
F, #28997, b. 22 November 1861, d. 10 February 1892
- Father*: Henry Goss Howe1 b. 16 Apr 1823
- Mother*: Mary Ann Foster1
Citations
- [S242] Daniel Wait Howe, Howe Genealogies: Vol. I John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough Massachusetts; Vol. II Abraham, James, Edward, Vol. II, p. 75.
Henry Houghton
M, #28998, b. 1822
Family: Lucretia Pooler b. 1825, d. 4 Jun 1884
- Marriage*: Henry Houghton married Lucretia Pooler on Apr 9, 1840.3
- Stephen B. Houghton b. 1841, d. 9 Apr 1864
- Henry A. Houghton4 b. c 1849
- George Houghton8 b. 1849
- Eliza Houghton b. c 1851
- Charles Alexander Houghton+ b. 28 Jun 1853, d. 24 Nov 1940
- F. Houghton9 b. c 1859
- Stella Mae Houghton b. 1860, d. 5 Nov 1926
- Emilie Houghton2 b. c 1865
- Amelda Houghton+ b. 16 Jun 1865, d. 12 Feb 1902
Citations
- [S415] E-mail from Richard Houghton, 9/1998.
- [S1228] 1870 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming Pct, Washington Co., NE, Reel 833, p. 445, line 26, dwl 104-94.
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, http://person.ancestry.com/tree/38767809/person/19281484231/…
- [S1226] 1850 U.S. Federal Census , Rochester, Fulton, Indiana; Roll: M432_146; Page: 430; line 4, dwl 265-265.
- [S1227] 1860 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming, Washington, Nebraska Territory; Roll: M653_665; Page: 18, sheet 878; line 10, dwl 224-133.
- [S1229] 1880 U.S. Federal Census , Blair, Washington, Nebraska; Roll: T9_756; Family History Film: 1254756; Page: 187D; Enumeration District: 32; sheet 24, line 25, dwl 164-295.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Genealogy.Com Forum: Howard Sappington Message, 2008.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~cenfiles/me/…
- [S1227] 1860 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming, Washington Co., Nebraska; Sheet: 18; line 10, dwl 229-133.
Lucretia Pooler1
F, #28999, b. 1825, d. 4 June 1884
Family: Henry Houghton b. 1822
- Marriage*: Lucretia Pooler married Henry Houghton on Apr 9, 1840.3
- Stephen B. Houghton b. 1841, d. 9 Apr 1864
- Henry A. Houghton4 b. c 1849
- George Houghton2 b. 1849
- Eliza Houghton b. c 1851
- Charles Alexander Houghton+ b. 28 Jun 1853, d. 24 Nov 1940
- F. Houghton7 b. c 1859
- Stella Mae Houghton b. 1860, d. 5 Nov 1926
- Emilie Houghton8 b. c 1865
- Amelda Houghton+ b. 16 Jun 1865, d. 12 Feb 1902
Citations
- [S1485] Findagrave.com, online http://www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~cenfiles/me/…
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, http://person.ancestry.com/tree/38767809/person/19281484231/…
- [S1226] 1850 U.S. Federal Census , Rochester, Fulton, Indiana; Roll: M432_146; Page: 430; line 4, dwl 265-265.
- [S1227] 1860 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming, Washington, Nebraska Territory; Roll: M653_665; Page: 18, sheet 878; line 10, dwl 224-133.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Genealogy.Com Forum: Howard Sappington Message, 2008.
- [S1227] 1860 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming, Washington Co., Nebraska; Sheet: 18; line 10, dwl 229-133.
- [S1228] 1870 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming Pct, Washington Co., NE, Reel 833, p. 445, line 26, dwl 104-94.
Stephen B. Houghton1
M, #29000, b. 1841, d. 9 April 1864
- Father*: Henry Houghton b. 1822
- Mother*: Lucretia Pooler b. 1825, d. 4 Jun 1884
Citations
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Genealogy.Com Forum: Howard Sappington Message, 2008.
Eliza Houghton1
F, #29001, b. circa 1851
- Father*: Henry Houghton b. 1822
- Mother*: Lucretia Pooler b. 1825, d. 4 Jun 1884
Citations
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~cenfiles/me/…
Charles Alexander Houghton1
M, #29002, b. 28 June 1853, d. 24 November 1940
- Father*: Henry Houghton b. 1822
- Mother*: Lucretia Pooler b. 1825, d. 4 Jun 1884
Family 1: Mary Keith b. Mar 1861, d. c 1882
- Marriage*: Charles Alexander Houghton married Mary Keith on May 13, 1876 at Blair, Washington Co., NE, USA, mar 17 years in 1900 census.2,3
- Lorena May Houghton+2 b. 23 Nov 1877, d. 19 Aug 1938
Family 2: Mary E. Hayhurst b. 8 Mar 1861, d. 29 Dec 1901
- Marriage*: Charles Alexander Houghton married Mary E. Hayhurst on 1883 at Burt Co., NE, USA, mar 17 y in 1900.5
- Everett Henry Houghton+5 b. 12 Dec 1883, d. Apr 1943
- Mildred I. Houghton5 b. Oct 1892, d. 1935
- Myrtle I. Houghton5 b. Sep 1896, d. 1944
- Clarence George Houghton5 b. 9 Apr 1898, d. 16 Mar 1984
Family 3: Clara E. Koontz b. 9 Sep 1879, d. 23 Sep 1948
- Marriage*: Charles Alexander Houghton married Clara E. Koontz on Jun 29, 1903 at Logan, IA, USA, mar 7 y in 1910 census.6
- Beatrice Florala Houghton12 b. 4 Jun 1904, d. 18 Nov 1993
- Charles Everett Houghton+9 b. 9 Jun 1915, d. 12 Feb 1973
Citations
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Genealogy.Com Forum: Howard Sappington Message, 2008.
- [S235] U.S. Census, 1880 Soundex, Cuming City, Washington Co., NE, Reel 8, Vol. 10, E.D. 37, S. 21, Ln. 8.
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi
- [S1229] 1880 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming City, Washington Co., NE, Roll: T9_757; Family History Film: 1254757; Page: 272A; Enumeration District: 37; Reel 8, Vol. 10, E.D. 37, S. 21, Ln. 8, dwl 155-167.
- [S1230] 1900 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming, Washington Co., Nebraska; Roll:T623; Enumeration District 128; Sheet: 6A; line 1, dwl 99-100.
- [S1232] 1920 U.S. Federal Census , Blair Ward 4, Washington, Nebraska; Roll: T624_855; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 135; line 87, dwl 1085-1085.
- [S1232] 1920 U.S. Federal Census , Blair Ward 4, Washington, Nebraska; Roll: T624_855; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 135;
line 87, dwl 1085-1085. - [S1232] 1920 U.S. Federal Census , Blair, Washington, Nebraska; Roll: T625_1003; Page: 1A; Enumeration District: 156; line 21, dwl 7-7.
- [S1233] 1930 U.S. Federal Census , Blair, Washington, Nebraska; Roll: 1294; Page: 8B; Enumeration District: 0004; Image: 838.0; FHL microfilm: 2341029.
- [S1479] 1940 U.S. Federal Census , Blair, Washington, Nebraska; Roll: T627_2267; Page: 15A; Enumeration District: 89-4.
- [S1485] Findagrave.com, online http://www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Rootsweb.Com, Houghton Surname, California Death Records, 1940-1997, Feb. 4, 2002.
Stella Mae Houghton1
F, #29003, b. 1860, d. 5 November 1926
- Father*: Henry Houghton b. 1822
- Mother*: Lucretia Pooler b. 1825, d. 4 Jun 1884
Citations
- [S1228] 1870 U.S. Federal Census , Cuming Pct, Washington Co., NE, Reel 833, p. 445, line 26, dwl 104-94.
Emmons William Houghton1,2
M, #29004, b. 9 May 1862, d. 27 January 1946
- Father*: William Houghton1 b. 16 Jan 1828, d. 18 Jan 1903
- Mother*: Dorcas L. Cutts1,3 b. 18 May 1836, d. 24 Mar 1922
Family 1: Cora Augusta Haines b. 6 Feb 1868, d. 1941
- Marriage*: Emmons William Houghton married Cora Augusta Haines on Feb 17, 1885 at Fort Fairfield, ME, USA, MLM: Feb. 27.1,4,5,8
- Ervin A. Houghton14 b. 26 Oct 1886, d. 27 Apr 1907
- Verna May Houghton14 b. 1 Jun 1888, d. 23 Sep 1895
- Thomas Edward Houghton+14 b. 11 Nov 1889, d. 11 May 1967
Family 2: Stella Lucinda Peck b. 1 Feb 1864, d. 13 Jul 1946
- Marriage*: Emmons William Houghton married Stella Lucinda Peck on circa 1903 age 22 and 21 at first mar; mar 7 y in 1910 census.7,9
- Leland N. Barbour7 b. c 1886
- May Houghton9 b. c 1888
Citations
- [S415] E-mail from Ruth Colburn, Aug. 1998.
- [S259] Charles H. Farnam, Whitman Genealogy, p. 220.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Rootsweb.Com, Houghton Surname, California Death Records, 1940-1997, Feb. 4, 2002.
- [S459] Marita Houghton Savage, Dinsmore Genealogy, p. 132.
- [S815] Marshall L. McClanahan, John Houghton, Pioneer of Hopewell NJ;, M, p. 5.
- [S958] Barbara Ross Close, CA Surname Index, p. 139.
- [S415] E-mail from Pat (Houghton) Greene, May 9, 1999.
- [S1471] C. H. Ellis, Fort Fairfield ME Hx, p. 344.
- [S1231] 1910 U.S. Federal Census , Township 11, Fresno, California; Roll: T624_76; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 70; line 8, dwl 42-42.
- [S235] U.S. Census, 1920 Soundex, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., CA, Box 120, Vol. 124, E.D. 223, Sh. 4, Ln. 39.
- [S1232] 1920 U.S. Federal Census , Santa Cruz Ward 1, Santa Cruz, California; Roll: T625_148; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 223; line 39, dwl 389-122-122.
- [S1233] 1930 U.S. Federal Census , Fresno, Fresno, California; Roll: 116; Page: ; Enumeration District: 33; sheet 11B, line 98, Dwl 491-260-260.
- [S415] E-mail from Norman Arrowsmith, 12/1998.
- [S459] Marita Houghton Savage, Dinsmore Genealogy, p. 133.
Annie Mary Streety1
F, #29007, b. 23 April 1856, d. 23 November 1882
Family: William Robert Houghton b. 22 May 1842, d. 30 Jul 1906
- Marriage*: Annie Mary Streety married William Robert Houghton, son of Col. William Hull Houghton and Eliza Ann Bennett, on Dec 21, 1875 at Lowndes Co., AL, USA, Loundes Co. Court House, Marriage Records, Book B.1,3
- Helen Streety Houghton b. 30 Nov 1876, d. 10 Mar 1877
- Harry Streety Houghton+1 b. 25 Mar 1878, d. 22 Jun 1940
Citations
- [S415] E-mail from Houghton Smith, 3/1999.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , e-mail address, Nov. 20, 2002.
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, Alabama Marriages, 1800-1920, June 28, 2000.
- [S1344] Thomas McAdory Owen, History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, p. 848.
William Robert Houghton1,2
M, #29008, b. 22 May 1842, d. 30 July 1906
- Father*: Col. William Hull Houghton1 b. bt 1806 - 1811, d. 15 Mar 1879
- Mother*: Eliza Ann Bennett3 b. bt 1811 - 1817

Family: Annie Mary Streety b. 23 Apr 1856, d. 23 Nov 1882
- Marriage*: William Robert Houghton married Annie Mary Streety on Dec 21, 1875 at Lowndes Co., AL, USA, Loundes Co. Court House, Marriage Records, Book B.1,8
- Helen Streety Houghton b. 30 Nov 1876, d. 10 Mar 1877
- Harry Streety Houghton+1 b. 25 Mar 1878, d. 22 Jun 1940
Citations
- [S415] E-mail from Houghton Smith, 3/1999.
- [S1053] Mitchell B. HOUGHTON and William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War.
- [S1053] Mitchell B. HOUGHTON and William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War, p. 16.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , e-mail address, Nov. 20, 2002.
- [S996] LDS Family History Libaray Catalogue.
- [S1053] Mitchell B. HOUGHTON and William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War, p. 11.
- [S1344] Thomas McAdory Owen, History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, p. 847.
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, Alabama Marriages, 1800-1920, June 28, 2000.
- [S1053] Mitchell B. HOUGHTON and William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War, p. 10.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , http://www.kingkong.demon.co.uk/ngcoba/ho4.htm: New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors.
- [S235] U.S. Census, 1900 Soundex Alabama, Box 68, Vol. 32, E.D. 147, Sh. 4, Ln. 99.
- [S1230] 1900 U.S. Federal Census , Birmingham Ward 5, Jefferson, Alabama; Roll: T623 23; Page: 4B; line 99, dwl 2210.
- [S1053] Mitchell B. HOUGHTON and William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War, p. 12.
- [S95] Newspaper, New York Times Archives: 31 jul 1906.
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , Columbia University Libraries Online Catalog: Houghton Surname search, Nov. 2003.
- [S1344] Thomas McAdory Owen, History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, p. 847-848.
- [S1346] Unknown compiler, Alabama Memorial Record, p. 281-282.
Helen Streety Houghton
F, #29009, b. 30 November 1876, d. 10 March 1877
- Father*: William Robert Houghton b. 22 May 1842, d. 30 Jul 1906
- Mother*: Annie Mary Streety b. 23 Apr 1856, d. 23 Nov 1882
Citations
- [S654] Electronic Web Site, , e-mail address, Nov. 20, 2002.
Jeffrey A. Houghton1
M, #29010, b. circa 1825
- Father*: Edmund Winchester Houghton b. 10 May 1798
- Mother*: Sarah Williams Yeager b. c 1808
Family: Laura A. Casey b. c 1835
- Marriage*: Jeffrey A. Houghton married Laura A. Casey.2
- Edmund M. Houghton2 b. c 1857
- Henry Hovey Houghton+2 b. Aug 1859, d. b 1930
- T?. L. Houghton2 b. c 1862
- M. Houghton2 b. c 1866
- Grace Houghton+2 b. Apr 1867
- Jefferson A. Houghton+2 b. Dec 1868, d. b 1920
- Bonyan C. Houghton+ b. 18 Feb 1871, d. 28 Feb 1938
Citations
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, Eastern Arkansas Biographies and Historical Memoirs.
- [S235] U.S. Census, 1870 U.S. Federal Census, Michel Twp, Cross Co., AR, p. 355, line 29, dwl 8-12.
- [S1226] 1850 U.S. Federal Census , Black River Twp, Lawrence Co., AR, p. 220, line 2, dwl 408-408.
- [S882] Ancestry.Com, online www.ancestry.com, AR 1860 Federal Census Index, Marion Twp, Lawrence Co., AR, p. 122.
- [S1228] 1870 U.S. Federal Census , 1870 U.S. Federal Census, Michel Twp, Cross Co., AR, p. 355, line 29, dwl 8-12.
- [S415] E-mail Ancestry.com: Eastern Arkansas Biographies and Historical Memoirs.