(?) Witt
M, (say 1839 - before 1880)
James Martin Reed1
M, (19 September 1872 - 31 August 1940)
Birth* | 19 September 1872 | James was born at Jackson Parish, Louisiana, on 19 September 1872. |
Marriage* | 4 January 1894 | He married Frances Augusta Gaar at Louisiana on 4 January 1894 at age 21. |
Death* | 31 August 1940 | He died at San Angelo, Tom Green Co., Texas, on 31 August 1940 at age 67. |
Biography* | | JAMES MARTIN REED BIBLE This Bible was owned in 1960 by Mrs. James Bland Fain, Jonesboro, La. The record was copied by Mrs. Paul Stinson, Jonesboro, La. Her notes: "This is a Jackson Parish family which moved to Texas. Frances Augusta Gaar was the wife of James Martin Reed, and he was the son of Arthur Butler Reed and his wife, Mary Branch Reed. . RECORD . Arthur Butler Reed was born Jan. 22 1848 Mary (Polly) Branch Reed was born March 5th 1854 James Martin Reed was born Sept. 19th 1872 Jackson Parish La. Frances Augusta Gaar Reed was born Dec. 17th 1874 Gaar's Mill Winn Parish La. Joseph Arnold Reed was born Oct. 18th 1894 Winn Parish La. James Barton Reed was born Dec. 15th 1895 Charles Otis Reed was born Jan. 30, 1898 Audie Buris Reed was born July 30, 1900 Earl Russell Reed was born Nov. 18th 1902 . Arthur Butler Reed and Mary Branch were married Sept. 28, 1871 James Martin Reed & Frances Augusta Gaar married Jan. 4, 1894 Joseph Arnold Reed & Zama Amelia Culpepper married June 6, 1916 Jones- boro La. (She was born July 20, 1898 Weston La.) . DEATHS . Mary Branch Reed departed life March 13th 1900 Jackson Parish La. Maude Marie Reed departed life Aug. 20, 1905 - Jackson Parish Arthur Butler Reed departed life Aug. 8 1932 Jackson Parish Lieu Anzy Grisham Gaar departed life Dec. 7, 1915 Jackson Parish La. Charles James Reed departed life June 20, 1918 Weston La. Frances Augusta Gaar Reed departed life Feb. 2, 1938 San Angelo, Texas. James Martin Reed departed life 8:55 PM Aug. 31 1940 San Angelo, Texas Gary Baskin Reed departed life Aug. 23, 1942 Carlesbad, N M. Brenda Lee Arnold departed life Dec. 17, 1951 Audie Buris Reed departed life May 15, 1958 - 11:20 AM New Orleans La. . For the entire Bible record, much of which has been omitted, see http://searches1.rootsweb.com/usgenweb/archives/la/lghsbible/bible2-3.txt] |
Citations
- , James Martin Reed Bible, (1960).
Frances Augusta Gaar1
F, (17 December 1874 - 2 February 1938)
Citations
- , James Martin Reed Bible, (1960).
Lindsey V. Morris
M, (say 1826 - )
Citations
- Works Progress Administration, compiler, Indiana Marriage Collection, 1800-1941, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2005.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5059
Emily Culpepper and Lindsey V. Morris, 10 Apr 1867, Evansville, Vanderburgh Co., IN, Book 5, p. 559.
- Works Progress Administration, compiler, Indiana Marriage Collection, 1800-1941, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2005.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5059
Lindsey V. Morris and Emma J. Burdine, 31 Dec 1884, Evansville, Vanderburgh Co., IN.
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
Page 162D, Union, Vanderburgh Co., IN
E. Culpepper, Self, F, W, W, 52, KY, Keep House, Fa: VA, Mo: VA
Sadie Morris, Dau, F, S, W, 10, KY, At School, Fa: KY, Mo: KY
(Note that that Emily Culpepper married Lindsey Morris in 1867, and in this census entry of 1880, Sadie Morris is shown as a ten year old daughter. Thus, Emily must have reverted back to her Culpepper name after Lindsey Morris' death.).
Mattie (?)
F, (circa 1855 - )
Citations
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
4th Ward, Page 500D, Union Parish, LA
R. B. Culpepper, Self, M, M, W, 27, LA/---/---, Farmer
Mattie Culpepper, Wife, F, M, W, 24, AL/---/---.
(?) Culpepper of Maryland
M, (say 1839 - )
Ancestry Unknown* | | Information about the ancestry and siblings of (?) Culpepper of Maryland is wanted. See page footer for contact information. |
Birth* | say 1839 | (?) was born at Virginia say 1839. |
Marriage* | say 1866 | He married Mary Fannie (?) say 1866. |
Last Edited | 10 August 2011 |
Mary Fannie (?)1,2
F, (circa 1841 - )
Ancestry Unknown* | | The name and ancestry of this person's husband are unknown. If you can help in the identification of her husband or his parents or provide other genealogical information about this family, please contact Warren Culpepper, using the link at the bottom of this page. |
Birth* | circa 1841 | Mary was born at Maryland circa 1841. |
Marriage* | say 1866 | She married (?) Culpepper of Maryland say 1866. |
Married Name | say 1866 | As of say 1866, her married name was Culpepper. |
1880 Census* | 1 June 1880 | Mary was listed as the head of a family on the 1880 Census at Dorchester Co., Maryland.1 |
1900 Census* | 1 June 1900 | Mary was listed as the head of a family on the 1900 Census at Dorchester Co., Maryland.2 |
Last Edited | 10 August 2011 |
Citations
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
Page 184B, Church Creek, Dorchester Co., MD
Fannie Culpepper, Self, F, M, W, 39, MD/MD/MD, Keeping House [ID 43113]
Carolton Culpepper, Son, M, S, W, 12, MD/VA/MD, At School
Hattie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 9, MD/VA/MD, At School
Bessie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 6, MD/VA/MD.
- 1900 Federal Census, United States.
Microfilm T263_621, book 2, page 208 (20 Jun 1900), Church Creek District, Dorchester Co., MD
Mary F. Culpepper, W, F, Aug 1840, 59, Wd, ch 4/3, MD/MD/MD, Boardinghouse
Carlton Culpepper, W, M, Nov 1866, 33, S, MD/VA/MD
Bessie Culpepper, W, F, May 1866, 24, S, MD/VA/MD.
Carlton Culpepper
M, (circa 1868 - )
Last Edited | 30 August 2003 |
Citations
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
Page 184B, Church Creek, Dorchester Co., MD
Fannie Culpepper, Self, F, M, W, 39, MD/MD/MD, Keeping House [ID 43113]
Carolton Culpepper, Son, M, S, W, 12, MD/VA/MD, At School
Hattie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 9, MD/VA/MD, At School
Bessie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 6, MD/VA/MD.
- 1900 Federal Census, United States.
Microfilm T263_621, book 2, page 208 (20 Jun 1900), Church Creek District, Dorchester Co., MD
Mary F. Culpepper, W, F, Aug 1840, 59, Wd, ch 4/3, MD/MD/MD, Boardinghouse
Carlton Culpepper, W, M, Nov 1866, 33, S, MD/VA/MD
Bessie Culpepper, W, F, May 1866, 24, S, MD/VA/MD.
Hattie Culpepper
M, (circa 1871 - )
Citations
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
Page 184B, Church Creek, Dorchester Co., MD
Fannie Culpepper, Self, F, M, W, 39, MD/MD/MD, Keeping House [ID 43113]
Carolton Culpepper, Son, M, S, W, 12, MD/VA/MD, At School
Hattie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 9, MD/VA/MD, At School
Bessie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 6, MD/VA/MD.
Bessie Culpepper
F, (circa 1874 - )
Citations
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
Page 184B, Church Creek, Dorchester Co., MD
Fannie Culpepper, Self, F, M, W, 39, MD/MD/MD, Keeping House [ID 43113]
Carolton Culpepper, Son, M, S, W, 12, MD/VA/MD, At School
Hattie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 9, MD/VA/MD, At School
Bessie Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 6, MD/VA/MD.
- 1900 Federal Census, United States.
Microfilm T263_621, book 2, page 208 (20 Jun 1900), Church Creek District, Dorchester Co., MD
Mary F. Culpepper, W, F, Aug 1840, 59, Wd, ch 4/3, MD/MD/MD, Boardinghouse
Carlton Culpepper, W, M, Nov 1866, 33, S, MD/VA/MD
Bessie Culpepper, W, F, May 1866, 24, S, MD/VA/MD.
Martha S. (?)
F, (circa 1807 - )
Citations
- FHL Film 1254007 National Archives Film T9-0007 Page 76B.
Martin Whatley
M, (circa 1801 - circa 1875)
Birth* | circa 1801 | Martin was born circa 1801. |
Marriage* | | He married Sophia Winnie Smith. |
Death* | circa 1875 | He died circa 1875. |
Last Edited | 25 October 2001 |
Sophia Winnie Smith
F, (22 January 1805 - 15 September 1889)
Married Name | | Her married name was Whatley. |
Birth* | 22 January 1805 | Sophia was born at South Carolina on 22 January 1805. |
Marriage* | | She married Martin Whatley. |
Death* | 15 September 1889 | She died at Marion Co., Texas, on 15 September 1889 at age 84. |
Last Edited | 25 October 2001 |
William Jackson Smith
M, (circa 1780 - )
Last Edited | 23 February 2002 |
Citations
- Became Spartanburg Dist. in 1785.
Elizabeth Ann Smith
F, (say 1782 - )
Last Edited | 23 February 2002 |
Citations
- Became Spartanburg Dist. in 1785.
Jesse Whatley
M, (circa 1758 - circa 1840)
Birth* | circa 1758 | Jesse was born at North Carolina circa 1758.1 |
Marriage* | | He married Rachel Taylor. |
American Revolution* | between 1775 and 1783 | He provided service in the American Revolutionary War between 1775 and 1783 (DAR Listing: Jesse Whatley, born circa 1758 in North Carolina, died after 1830 in Georgia, married Rachel Taylor, Patriotic Service, North Carolina.)1 |
Death* | circa 1840 | He died at Georgia circa 1840.1 |
Citations
- DAR Patriot Index, Washington, DC: National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, 2003.
Rachel Taylor
F, (circa 1760 - circa 1830)
Married Name | | Her married name was Whatley. |
Marriage* | | She married Jesse Whatley. |
Birth* | circa 1760 | Rachel was born circa 1760. |
Death* | circa 1830 | She died circa 1830. |
Michael Whatley
M, (circa 1720 - )
Birth* | circa 1720 | Michael was born circa 1720. |
Marriage* | | He married Ann Catherine Spotswood. |
Deed* | 29 March 1788 | He granted a deed to Daniel Culpepper of Warren Co., GA on 29 March 1788 at Wilkes Co., Georgia,
29 Mar 1788, Book FF, p. 53. Michael Whatley, Junr., planter, to Daniel Culpepper, both of Wilkes Co., for 50 pounds, Middle Creek, adj. W. by James Bush, N. & E. by John Torrence, S. by Staples, 200 acres, granted to Whatley, 10 Sept. 1784, warrant & granted 28 Feb. 1788, rec. Book PPP, folio 410. (signed) Michael (+) Whatley. Wit: Jesse Wright, R. Fletcher. Proved by Robert Fletcher and Jesse Wright, 4 Mar. 1789, Jno. Torrence, J.P. Regd. 13 July 1789.1 |
Citations
- Michael Martin Farmer, Wilkes Co., GA Deed Books A - VV, 1784 - 1806, Farmer Genealogy, Dallas.
Book FF, p. 53.
Ann Catherine Spotswood
F, (circa 1728 - )
Married Name | | Her married name was Whatley. |
Marriage* | | She married Michael Whatley. |
Birth* | circa 1728 | Ann was born circa 1728. |
Mary A. Mears1
F, (circa 1843 - )
Birth* | circa 1843 | Mary was born at Grenada, Grenada Co., Mississippi, circa 1843. |
Marriage* | 10 November 1858 | She married John Smith at Yalobusha Co., Mississippi, on 10 November 1858. |
Married Name | 10 November 1858 | As of 10 November 1858, her married name was Smith. |
Marriage* | 23 March 1871 | She married William S. Culpepper at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, on 23 March 1871.2 |
Married Name | 23 March 1871 | As of 23 March 1871, her married name was Culpepper. |
1880 Census* | 1 June 1880 | Mary was listed as the head of a family on the 1880 Census at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana.3 |
City Directory* | between 1886 and 1887 | She was listed in the between 1886 and 1887 city directory for Waco, McLennan Co., Texas.4 |
City Directory* | 1890 | She and Ellen Caroline Culpepper were listed in the 1890 city directory for New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana.5 |
Family 1 | John Smith (say 1843 - before 1871) |
Children | |
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- Louisiana Secretary of State / Division of Archives, compiler, New Orleans, LA Marriage Records Index, 1831-1925, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2002.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.asp?dbid=6500
William S. Culpeper (35) and Mary Mear Smith (27), 23 Mar 1871, Orleans Parish, LA, Vol 2, p 84.
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
3rd Ward, Page 386A, Orleans Parish, LA
M. A. Culpepper, Self, F, W, W, 35, MS/IRE/GER
Wm. Smith, Son, M, S, W, 20, AR/LA/MS, Laborer
Josephine Smith, Dau, F, S, W, 14, MO/LA/MS, Servant
Annie Smith, Dau, F, S, W, 11, MO/LA/MS
Ellen Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 7, LA/LA/MS.
- 1890 Waco City Directory: Mary M. Culpepper, widow, Wm. S., W. B. Smith, Waco, McLennan Co., TX 1886, 1887.
- "New Orleans City Directory, 1890 (and 1891)" New Orleans, LA: L. Soards. Published online by Ancestry.com
Mary M. Culpepper, widow of William S., 460 Gravier, 1890
Miss Ellen Culpepper, 460 Gravier, 1890
Mary M. Culpepper, widow of William, 83 S. Galvez, 1891.
Ellen Caroline Culpepper1
F, (3 April 1873 - 20 October 1952)
Birth* | 3 April 1873 | Ellen was born at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, on 3 April 1873.2 |
(Daughter) 1880 Census | 1 June 1880 | Ellen, Josephine and Annie was listed as a daughter in Mary A. Mears's household on the 1880 Census at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana.3 |
City Directory* | 1890 | She and Mary A. Mears were listed in the 1890 city directory for New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana.4 |
Marriage* | 3 June 1890 | She married Henry James Norton at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, on 3 June 1890 at age 17.5 |
Married Name | 3 June 1890 | As of 3 June 1890, her married name was Norton. |
Biography* | | Had the following children Mary Martha Norton, b 12 Mar 1891 Eugene Henry Norton, b 22 Feb 1892 William Robert Norton, b 18 Jun 1893 Mabel Julia Norton, b 4 Sep 1898 May Hazel Norton, b 8 Oct 1899.6 |
Death* | 20 October 1952 | She died at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, on 20 October 1952 at age 79. |
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- Secretary of State, Division of Archives, Records Management and History, Vital Records Indices. Baton Rouge, LA State of Louisiana, compiler, New Orleans, LA Birth Records Index, 1790-1899Ancestry.com.
Alice Jane and Ellen Caroline Culpepper, 3 Apr 1873, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, LA
twin daughters of D. W. S. and Mary Culpepper, Vol 61, p 317.
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
3rd Ward, Page 386A, Orleans Parish, LA
M. A. Culpepper, Self, F, W, W, 35, MS/IRE/GER
Wm. Smith, Son, M, S, W, 20, AR/LA/MS, Laborer
Josephine Smith, Dau, F, S, W, 14, MO/LA/MS, Servant
Annie Smith, Dau, F, S, W, 11, MO/LA/MS
Ellen Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 7, LA/LA/MS.
- "New Orleans City Directory, 1890 (and 1891)" New Orleans, LA: L. Soards. Published online by Ancestry.com
Mary M. Culpepper, widow of William S., 460 Gravier, 1890
Miss Ellen Culpepper, 460 Gravier, 1890
Mary M. Culpepper, widow of William, 83 S. Galvez, 1891.
- Louisiana Secretary of State / Division of Archives, compiler, New Orleans, LA Marriage Records Index, 1831-1925, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2002.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.asp?dbid=6500
Ella Culpepper (17) and Henry James Norton (26), 3 Jun 1890, Orleans Parish, LA, Vol 14, p 546.
- Secretary of State, Division of Archives, Records Management and History, Vital Records Indices. Baton Rouge, LA State of Louisiana, compiler, New Orleans, LA Birth Records Index, 1790-1899Ancestry.com.
- E-mail written Aug 2009 -- May 2014 to Lew Griffin from Rhonda Nagele Lowenhaupt, e-mail address..
Henry James Norton1
M, (12 January 1864 - )
Name Variation | | He was also known as Henry Joseph Norton.2 |
Birth* | 12 January 1864 | Henry was born at Harrison Co., Mississippi, on 12 January 1864. |
Marriage* | 3 June 1890 | He married Ellen Caroline Culpepper at New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, on 3 June 1890 at age 26.3 |
Biography* | | Had the following children Mary Martha Norton, b 12 Mar 1891 Eugene Henry Norton, b 22 Feb 1892 William Robert Norton, b 18 Jun 1893 Mabel Julia Norton, b 4 Sep 1898 May Hazel Norton, b 8 Oct 1899.4 |
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- Secretary of State, Division of Archives, Records Management and History, Vital Records Indices. Baton Rouge, LA State of Louisiana, compiler, New Orleans, LA Birth Records Index, 1790-1899Ancestry.com.
Records of the birth of two children on 22 Feb 1892 and 18 Jun 1893 show his middle name to be Jospeh.
- Louisiana Secretary of State / Division of Archives, compiler, New Orleans, LA Marriage Records Index, 1831-1925, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2002.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.asp?dbid=6500
Ella Culpepper (17) and Henry James Norton (26), 3 Jun 1890, Orleans Parish, LA, Vol 14, p 546.
- Secretary of State, Division of Archives, Records Management and History, Vital Records Indices. Baton Rouge, LA State of Louisiana, compiler, New Orleans, LA Birth Records Index, 1790-1899Ancestry.com.
- E-mail written Aug 2009 -- May 2014 to Lew Griffin from Rhonda Nagele Lowenhaupt, e-mail address..
Alice Jane Culpepper1
F, (3 April 1873 - 12 April 1873)
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- Secretary of State, Division of Archives, Records Management and History, Vital Records Indices. Baton Rouge, LA State of Louisiana, compiler, New Orleans, LA Birth Records Index, 1790-1899Ancestry.com.
Alice Jane and Ellen Caroline Culpepper, 3 Apr 1873, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, LA
twin daughters of D. W. S. and Mary Culpepper, Vol 61, p 317.
- Louisian Secretary of State / Division of Archives, compiler, New Orleans, Louisiana Death Records Index, 1804-1949, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2002.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.asp?dbid=6606
Alice Jane Culpepper, 12 Apr 1873, 10 dys, Vol 642, p 57.
John Smith1
M, (say 1843 - before 1871)
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- 1880 Federal Census, United States.
3rd Ward, Page 386A, Orleans Parish, LA
M. A. Culpepper, Self, F, W, W, 35, MS/IRE/GER
Wm. Smith, Son, M, S, W, 20, AR/LA/MS, Laborer
Josephine Smith, Dau, F, S, W, 14, MO/LA/MS, Servant
Annie Smith, Dau, F, S, W, 11, MO/LA/MS
Ellen Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 7, LA/LA/MS.
Mary Elizabeth Culpepper1
F, (24 March 1872 - 10 April 1872)
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- Secretary of State, Division of Archives, Records Management and History, Vital Records Indices. Baton Rouge, LA State of Louisiana, compiler, New Orleans, LA Birth Records Index, 1790-1899Ancestry.com.
Mary Elizabeth Culpepper, 24 Mar 1872, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, LA
daughter of W. S. and Mary Minerve Culpepper, Vol 60, p 249.
- Louisian Secretary of State / Division of Archives, compiler, New Orleans, Louisiana Death Records Index, 1804-1949, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2002.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.asp?dbid=6606
Mary Elizabeth Culpepper, 10 Apr 1872, 17 dys, Vol 230, p 54.
Burrell Smith Culpepper1
M, (15 February 1875 - 4 June 1876)
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
- Louisian Secretary of State / Division of Archives, compiler, New Orleans, Louisiana Death Records Index, 1804-1949, Online database at Ancestry.com, 2002.
http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.asp?dbid=6606
Burrel Smith Culpepper, 4 Jun 1876, 17 mos, Vol 365, p 66.
Robert White Norton1
M, (June 1819 - 1904)
Family | Martha Croft (24 October 1834 - 21 January 1915) |
Child | |
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
Martha Croft1
F, (24 October 1834 - 21 January 1915)
Citations
- E-mail written 2001-2002 to Lew Griffin from Priscilla Wall Scott (gt-gd/o #43127), e-mail address.
Nancy Frasier
F, (circa 1831 - )
Citations
- Columbia County, Georgia Early Marriage records, Albany, GA: Georgia Pioneers, 19??, Repository: LDS Family History Library - Salt Lake City, Call No. 975.8635 V25g.
Page 10: Walker Culpepper md. Nancy Frasier, 8 Jul 1850, Columbia Co., GA.
- 1900 Federal Census, United States.
Augusta, Richmond Co., GA, Page 822 (Ancestry.com image 108)
W. W. Culpepper, 31, M, GA, Machinist, $600/$421
Mary J. Culpepper, 7, F, GA
Charles A. Culpepper, 5, M, GA.
- Columbia Co., GA, Administrators Bonds, Book E-117.
Mary J. Culpepper
F, (circa 1853 - )
Last Edited | 16 August 2001 |
Citations
- 1900 Federal Census, United States.
Augusta, Richmond Co., GA, Page 822 (Ancestry.com image 108)
W. W. Culpepper, 31, M, GA, Machinist, $600/$421
Mary J. Culpepper, 7, F, GA
Charles A. Culpepper, 5, M, GA.
- Richmond County Court of the Ordinary, Richmond Co., GA Marriages, 1806-1901, Books A-X, Salt Lake City, UT: Genealogical Society of Utah, Repository: LDS Family History Library - Salt Lake City, Call # Films # 158,602 - 158,611.
Mary Jane Culpepper and J. N. Rooney on 11 Jan 1882 in Richmond Co., GA, Book M-1.