Mother: Mary Ann Rebecca SANDIDGE |
___________________________________________ | _(RESEARCH QUERY) BURKS of Amherst Co. VA_| | | | |___________________________________________ | _William Malory BURKS M.D.__| | (1807 - 1858) m 1837 | | | ___________________________________________ | | | | |__________________________________________| | | | |___________________________________________ | | |--James R. BURKS | (1850 - 1922) | _John SANDIDGE ____________________________+ | | (1760 - 1832) m 1783 | _Christopher "Kit" SANDIDGE ______________| | | (1797 - 1886) m 1821 | | | |_Mary (Molly) WOOD ________________________+ | | (1760 - 1824) m 1783 |_Mary Ann Rebecca SANDIDGE _| (1821 - 1889) m 1837 | | _(RESEARCH QUERY) WHITLOCK of Green Co. KY_ | | |_Elizabeth Warner WHITLOCK _______________| (1805 - 1881) m 1821 | |___________________________________________
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Mother: Ann ROGERS |
In 1757 the Clarks sold their land and moved to a small
plantation in the southwest corner of Caroline County, VA, which
had been left to them by an uncle, John Clark.
George's boyhood was probably typical of rural Virginia at the
time. He would have learned to plant, trap, hunt, ride and
wrestle. He probably received most of his schooling at home from
relatives. From his later journals, we learn that he almost
invariably bought some books when he returned to Williamsburg,
so he must have been well-read, and his writing is well above
average for the period.
Although the facts are not proven by records of the school, some
historians contend that when George was 11, he and Jonathan were
sent to live with their grandfather, John Rogers, in order to
attend a private school on the Mattapony River run by Donald
Robertson, and that George was sent home after six or eight
months. (Others known to have been enrolled at the time were
James Madison and John Tyler.) If these tales are true, this
schooling was probably the only formal education Clark received.
In 1770, when George was 18 his youngest brother, William, was
born. This brother would later win fame as a leader of the Lewis
and Clark expedition. The family consisted of six sons and four
daughters and was closely knit, maintaining affectionate ties
throughout their lives. At about this time, George learned
surveying from his grandfather.
Despite the British rules and laws against settlement west of
the Allegheny Mountains, many young men in Virginia were
crossing over to Kentucky in quest of land and adventure. In
1772, just turning 20 years of age, Clark left on a surveying
trip to the West. During the next four years, he located land
for himself, his family and other friends in Virginia and acted
as a guide for settlers. He participated in Lord Dunmore's War
and gained recognition as a formidable Indian fighter.
Increased Indian harassment of the Kentucky settlers led Clark
to call a meeting of representatives from all the forts at
Harrodsburg, KY in June 1776. He and another delegate were
elected to go to Virginia to seek a more definite connection
between Kentucky and Virginia. They wanted recognition and
protection as a county, and failing this, Clark advocated a
separate state. Gov. Patrick Henry and the Executive Council
granted him 500 pounds of gunpowder for the defense of Kentucky,
and the General Assembly made Kentucky a county of Virginia.
The fact that the Kentucky settlers entrusted Clark with such
great responsibility at the age of 24, and that he was
sufficiently persuasive to bring the General Assembly and a
number of important men around to his way of thinking was
indicative of his personal charisma, speaking abilities,
leadership and qualities of mind. He was well over six feet
tall, had red hair and was reliably reported to have been rugged
and handsome. The fear and respect which he inspired in his
Indian enemies indicated that he was a formidable warrior.
Contemporary records show that he enjoyed an unusual rapport
with his men, inspiring them to believe that they were
unbeatable and firing them with an eagerness for battle. Even
after he had lost favor in the East, he was still the leader of
choice on the frontier among the men who knew his abilities
best. He was also a leader in setting up the forms of government
on the frontier, and whenever possible he used diplomacy and
bluff rather than battle in dealing with the Indians. When he
retired to Clarksville in later life, the Indian chiefs and
warriors still came to smoke the pipe of peace and friendship
with their conqueror, calling him "the first man living, the
great and invincible long-knife."
In the year of the "Bloody '77s" Clark returned the gunpowder to
Kentucky settlements. The settlements were attacked continually
and had difficulty planting or harvesting crops to sustain them
through the coming winter. Clark learned that the "hair buyer"
Lt. Gov. Henry Hamilton was paying the Indians for prisoners and
scalps in Detroit and supplying them from posts in the Illinois
country. After receiving reports from two spies he had sent to
the Illinois country, Clark returned to Virginia to outline a
plan of attack to Governor Henry. He received authority from the
General Assembly to raise a force for the defense of Kentucky
and a commission as Lieutenant Colonel over a force of seven
companies with 50 men each. Secretly, Henry gave him written
orders to attack Kaskaskia and posts in the Illinois Country.
With battles raging in the East, Clark had difficulty raising
the authorized force and finally set out from Redstone and Fort
Pitt with only 150 frontiersmen and some 20 settlers and their
families. Reaching the Falls of Ohio, they established a supply
base on Corn Island and were joined by a handful of
reinforcements from the Holston River settlements. Clark
revealed his plan to attack Kaskaskia and was hard-pressed to
prevent desertions.
On June 26, 1778, 175 men left for Kaskaskia. They "shot the
falls" during a total eclipse of the sun and concluded that this
was a good omen for the campaign (perhaps at Clark's
suggestion?). With oars double-manned they avoided detection and
reached the mouth of the Tennessee River where they hid the
boats and marched overland for six days. They were dressed in
Indian fashion and proceeded single-file in order to leave fewer
tracks to reveal their presence.
They surprised Kaskaskia on the night of July 4, occupying the
fort and the town without a shot being fired. Clark offered the
French inhabitants "all of the privileges of American
citizenship" in return for their oath of allegiance of safe
conduct out of the area. This offer and the news of the recent
French-American alliance won their support. Captain Bowman was
then dispatched to Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher and St. Phillip.
These communities also accepted Clark's terms without
resistance.
Kaskaskia's priest, Father Gibault, went to Vincennes and
secured the allegiance of the French there to Clark, and Captain
Helm was sent to take command of Fort Sackville. Meanwhile, at
Kaskaskia, Clark used August and September to gather Indian
tribes from as far as 500 miles away. He offered them the red
belt of war or the white belt of peace, and by his understanding
of the Indian concept of manhood and some skillfully applied
"bluff" he succeeded in winning their neutrality during the
coming campaign.
Learning of Clark's occupation of Kaskaskia, Hamilton gathered
his forces and traveled down the Maumee and Wabash Rivers from
Detroit, reaching Vincennes on December 17. Helm was forced to
surrender. Hamilton made an ill-fated decision to postpone an
attack on Kaskaskia until spring and used the time to strengthen
the fortifications at Sackville. He sent his Indian allies home
for the winter. A Spanish trader, Francis Vigo, was permitted to
leave Vincennes for St. Louis, and he promptly reported
Hamilton's plans to Clark.
Clark realized that his small force could not hold the Illinois
posts if Hamilton was given sufficient time to gather his
forces, and he boldly decided to move on Vincennes immediately
during "the depth of winter." He wrote to Patrick Henry, saying
that if he failed "this country and also Kentucky is lost."
On February 6, 1779, Clark outfitted and supplied the armed
galley "Willing," which was to rendezvous with the rest of the
force on the Wabash down river from Vincennes. Mounted on a
handsome horse, Clark led 172 men, nearly half of which were
French volunteers, from Kaskaskia. They marched the 240 miles
through flooded country, often shoulder high in water, sending
out hunting parties for food and sleeping on the bare ground. It
required 17 days to make what was normally a five or six day
trip. Clark kept the spirits of the men high, encouraging them
to sing, and regaling them with the actions of "an antic drummer
boy who floated by on his drum."
On February 23, they surprised Vincennes. Clark ordered that all
of the company's flags be marched back and forth behind a slight
rise to convince the British that there were 600 men rather than
under 200. They opened fire on the fort with such accuracy that
the British were prevented from opening their gunports. On the
morning of the third day, February 25, Hamilton surrendered and
was sent to Williamsburg as a prisoner. The British never
regained control of these posts, and the American claims in the
old Northwest served as the basis of the cession of these lands
to the United States at the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The British
withdrew from Detroit, and the Great Lakes became the northern
boundary of the United States.
Clark continued to lead military actions in the Northwest until
the end of the War in 1783, and in 1784 he was named as a
principal surveyor of public lands set aside for the men who
served in the Virginia state military forces. Much of the time
until 1813 he acted as chairman of the Board of Commissioners,
which supervised the allotment of lands in the Illinois grant
and promoted improvements. He was consulted on the subject of
Indian affairs all along the Ohio.
Clark had assumed personal responsibility for many expenses
incurred in his campaigns and was never able to obtain full
repayment from Virginia or the United States Congress. He was
hounded by creditors for the remainder of his life and finally
held in his own name only the land he retired to in Clarksville,
IN in 1803. He built a two-room cabin on a beautiful point of
land overlooking the Falls of the Ohio, where he lived with two
servants, operating a grist mill in the town. He corresponded
frequently with Jefferson and over the years sent him many
specimens of his private museum from this area. In 1809 he
suffered a stroke which necessitated the amputation of his right
leg. This was performed without anesthetic, and at Clark's
request two fifers and two drummers played outside for two hours
during the operation.
He lived thereafter at Locust Grove, eight miles from
Louisville, KY, with his sister Lucy and her husband, Maj.
William Croghan, until he suffered a third stroke and died at
the age of 62 on February 13, 1818. His body was moved from the
family plot to Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville in 1869.
In his funeral oration, Judge John Rowan said, "The mighty oak
of the forest has fallen, and now the scrub oaks may sprout all
around .... The father of the western country is no more."
The nation's failure to reward Clark for his remarkable
accomplishments in an adequate manner was probably due to many
factors:
1. An obsession with events in the East and a failure to
recognize the magnitude of his achievement, or the importance of
the Northwest Territory to the future development of the
country.
2. The distance which separated the western country from the
seat of power in the East. Whereas Clark was a hero to the
people in the West, his accomplishments were unknown to many in
the East.
3. The slander committed against him by men who plotted against
him in order to gain power in Kentucky.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
Taken from The George Rogers Clark Teaching Units created by the
Indiana Department of Public Instruction and the Indiana State
Museum [1979]."
George Rogers Clark resources
http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/www/ihb/resources/grcbio.html
" The Men of the Lewis and Clark Expedition...", (Glendale:
Arthur H. Clark, 1970), 37-61."
________________________________ | _Jonathan CLARK _______| | | | |________________________________ | _John CLARK _________| | (1724 - 1799) | | | ________________________________ | | | | |_Elizabeth Ann WILSON _| | | | |________________________________ | | |--George Rogers CLARK | (1752 - 1818) | _Giles ROGERS I "the Immigrant"_ | | (1643 - ....) | _Giles ROGERS II_______| | | (1673 - 1794) | | | |_Rachel EASTHAM ________________ | | (1650 - ....) |_Ann ROGERS _________| (1728 - 1799) | | ________________________________ | | |_______________________| | |________________________________
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Father: Willis GREEN Mother: Sarah REED |
_Robert Duff GREEN "the Immigrant"___+ | (1693 - 1748) m 1720 _Duff GREEN Gent.____| | (1730 - 1771) | | |_Eleanor DUNN _______________________+ | (1700 - 1793) m 1720 _Willis GREEN _______| | (1752 - 1813) m 1783| | | _Henry "Harry" WILLIS of Willis Hill_+ | | | (1690 - 1740) m 1726 | |_Sarah Anne WILLIS __| | (1731 - 1820) | | |_Mildred LEWIS ______________________+ | (1691 - 1733) m 1726 | |--Letitia GREEN | (1785 - ....) | _____________________________________ | | | _____________________| | | | | | |_____________________________________ | | |_Sarah REED _________| (1762 - ....) m 1783| | _____________________________________ | | |_____________________| | |_____________________________________
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Mother: ANN THOROUGHGOOD |
Proofs of the line of descent in the Howard family may be found
in J. D. Warfield's "Founders of Anne Arundel County." See the
following pages: Matthew Howard page 7-11-29-30. Cornelius
Howard (First) 71. Cornelius Howard (Second) 76. Charles Howard
76. Benjamin Howard 76.
Will signed 15 Apr 1680 Anne Arundel, MD proved 15 Oct 1680 Anne
Arundel, MD.
Annapolis, MD Familes Vol. I Author: Robert Harry McIntire
Publication: Gateway Press, Baltimore, 1980 Media: Book Page:
342
Zella Armstrong, "Notable Southern Families"
"Matthew Howard came up to the Southside Severn settlements of
Maryland in 1650, with his neighbor and relative Edward Lloyd.
In 1662 Matthew's five sons came. Three settled adjoining tracts
near Round Bay:
Captain Cornelius Howard "Howard's Heirship and Chance"
Samuel Howard "Howard's Hope"
John Howard "Howard's Interest"
Philip and Matthew were on North Severn."
From: J. D. Warfield, Founders of Anne Arundel & Howard
Counties, 1973, p. 30
CONFLICT in parents:
Father: John Howard b. 1 Dec 1578 in Brockdish Hall, Norfolk,
Norfolk, England
Mother: Elizabeth Locke b. 1580
[177041]
or bef 1658
_THOMAS ARUNDEL Knt._+ | (1500 - 1552) _MATHEW (Arundel) HOWARD _| | (1540 - 1598) | | |_MARGARET LEIGH _____+ | (1496 - ....) _THOMAS (Arundel) "the Valiant" HOWARD Arundell of Wardour, Knt._| | (1551 - 1639) | | | _HENRY WILLOUGHBY ___ | | | (1517 - 1548) m 1536 | |_MARGARET WILLOUGHBY _____| | (1548 - ....) | | |_ANNE de GREY _______+ | (1520 - ....) m 1536 | |--Mathew HOWARD "the Immigrant" | (1609 - 1659) | _____________________ | | | __________________________| | | | | | |_____________________ | | |_ANN THOROUGHGOOD _______________________________________________| (1580 - ....) | | _____________________ | | |__________________________| | |_____________________
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Mother: Ann DEBNAM |
__ | ________________________________| | | | |__ | _Edward HOYLE _______| | (1620 - ....) | | | __ | | | | |________________________________| | | | |__ | | |--Samuel HOYLE | (1650 - ....) | __ | | | _William DEBNAM "the Immigrant"_| | | (1600 - 1655) | | | |__ | | |_Ann DEBNAM _________| (1628 - ....) | | __ | | |_Katherine______________________| (1600 - ....) | |__
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Father: (RESEARCH QUERY) INNES |
__ | __| | | | |__ | _(RESEARCH QUERY) INNES _| | | | | __ | | | | |__| | | | |__ | | |--Sally INNES | | __ | | | __| | | | | | |__ | | |_________________________| | | __ | | |__| | |__
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Mother: Sarah BRISCOE |
2 Sarah TRUMAN b: ? d: BEF. 1765 + Samuel COMPTON b: 19 May 1716
d: 1765
2 Jane TRUMAN b: ? + Alexander Howard MAGRUDER b: 15 Sep 1745 d:
17 Aug 1782 + ? + John MACKALL
[282942]
23 MAR 1756 Probated
_____________________ | __________________________| | | | |_____________________ | _Thomas TRUMAN ______| | (1670 - 1717) m 1695| | | _____________________ | | | | |__________________________| | | | |_____________________ | | |--Henry TRUMAN | (1696 - 1756) | _JOHN BRISCOE I______+ | | (1610 - 1699) | _Philip BRISCOE Gent. Sr._| | | (1648 - 1724) m 1677 | | | |_Elizabeth DUBOIS ___ | | (1620 - ....) |_Sarah BRISCOE ______| (1680 - 1735) m 1695| | _Edward SWANN Sr.____+ | | (1630 - 1693) |_Susannah SWAN ___________| (1650 - 1740) m 1677 | |_Susannah HEATH? ____ (1630 - ....)
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Mother: ISABEL ERSKINE |
________________________________ | _____________________________| | | | |________________________________ | _JOHN WEMYSS ________| | (1368 - ....) | | | ________________________________ | | | | |_____________________________| | | | |________________________________ | | |--ELIZABETH WEMYSS | (1394 - 1470) | _ROBERT ERSKINE Lord of Erskine_+ | | (1320 - 1385) | _THOMAS ERSKINE _____________| | | (1340 - 1403) | | | |_BEATRIX de LINDSAY of Crawford_+ | | (1322 - 1352) |_ISABEL ERSKINE _____| (1372 - ....) | | _EDWARD de KEITH _______________ | | (1280 - 1346) m 1339 |_JONETA KEITH Lady of Cadzow_| (1345 - 1413) | |_CHRISTIANA MENTEITH ___________+ (1321 - 1387) m 1339
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