I28926: (RESEARCH ANGLO-SAXON) (____

Notes

http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/rawl/keynes1/home.htm
The Anglo-Saxon settlements: 'In the year of our Lord 449 Marcian ... became the emperor with Valentinian and ruled for seven years. At that time the race of the Angles or Saxons, invited by the aforesaid king [Vortigern], came to Britain in three long ships, and by command of the said king received a place of settlement in the eastern part of the island, ostensibly to fight on behalf of the country, though their real intention was to conquer it.' Bede, HE i.15. Cf. ASC, s.a. 449.

The conversion of the English from paganism to Christianity is traditionally regarded as a process which began with the arrival of St Augustine in 597 (HE i.25), which involved various other missionaries, and which ended in the 680s with the conversion of the Isle of Wight (HE iv.16). Of course this is Bede's conception of the subject; but it is not only for this reason that this section extends into the first half of the eighth century.

The conversion to Christianity: The principal sources for the 'Roman' mission include the letters of Pope Gregory the Great (B300), the Liber Pontificalis (B600), the Whitby Life of Gregory (B133), and Bede's Ecclesiastical History (B21).

For the 'Celtic' mission, see Adomn n's Life of Columba (B120), the Lives of St Cuthbert (B130), Bede's Ecclesistical History (B21), and the Historia Brittonum (B11). See also the Life of St Wilfrid (B140).

The Council of Whitby (664): The issues at stake included the correct date for the keeping of Easter (cf. D45, D184a), the correct form of tonsure, and other significant matters of ecclesiastical discipline. The primary accounts are Stephen's Life of St Wilfrid (B140), ch. 10, and, at greater length, Bede, HE iii.25. The protagonists were (on the 'Irish' side) Colman (bishop of Lindisfarne), Abbess Hild, and Cedd (bishop of London), and (on the 'Roman' side) Agilbert (bishop of the West Saxons), Agatho (a priest), Wilfrid (abbot of Ripon), James the Deacon, and Romanus, plus King Oswiu (Chairman) and his son King Alhfrith.

Whitby: For Hild (b. 614), abbess of Hartlepool (from c. 647), founder and abbess of Whitby (from 657), and founder of Hackness (680), see Bede, HE iv.23; she died on 17 November 680. King Oswiu was buried at Whitby in 670; bones of King Edwin were brought there in the 680s (Life of St Gregory, chs. 18-19). For the story of Cadmon, see Bede, HE iv.24; and for 'Cadmon's Hymn, see, e.g., Ker (B800), nos. 25 and 122. For the cult of Pope Gregory, see Thacker (D37a). [D95] Anonymous Whitby Life of Gregory, written ?704 x 713 (B133). [D96] B. Colgrave, 'The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great, written by a Whitby Monk', in K. Jackson, et al., Celt and Saxon (1963), pp. 119-37 . [D97] P. Hunter Blair, 'Whitby as a Centre of Learning in the Seventh Century', in T23, pp. 3-32. [D98] C.P. Wormald, 'St Hilda, Saint and Scholar (614-80)', The St Hilda's College Centenary Symposium, ed. J. Mellanby (1993), pp. 93-103 .

THE AGE OF BEDE (673-735): It is not inappropriate that the late seventh and early eighth centuries should be regarded, par excellence, as the 'age of Bede', since his view of the period is necessarily ours. It should be noted at the same time that the period from c. 675 to c. 725 was one of general political equilibrium, in between two phases of 'Mercian' supremacy. This provided a context for the activities of Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury (669-90), esp. at councils of Hertford (HE iv.5) and Hatfield (HE iv.17), and at the battle of the river Trent (HE iv.21); and it is reflected also in the law-codes of Wihtred, king of Kent (690-725), and of Ine, king of Wessex (688-726), in EHD nos. 31-2, in which connection cf. ASC s.a. 694.

The varieties of monasticism: It is important to appreciate the differences between the Northumbrian religious houses themselves (e.g. in terms of the circumstances of their foundation, persons associated with them, works or manuscripts produced at them, and the physical appearance of them), lest one should otherwise imagine that Bede's particular view of the Church was the only one available. For double houses, see D135.

History and hagiography: One avenue of approach towards such an understanding of Northumbrian monasticism is through consideration of the persons principally associated with each house, and through study of the interests displayed in any literary works known to have been produced there.

For the Celtic background to the Northumbrian hagiography of the late seventh and early eighth centuries, see Adomn n's Life of St Columba, written 679 x 704 (B120). See also, in general, Lapidge (A50), Gransden (A91),

Double Houses: There were numerous 'double houses' (monks nad nuns, ruled by an abbess) throughout the country, e.g. Minster-in-Thanet, Barking, Ely, Repton, Wenlock, Whitby, and Wimbourne; for the goings-on at Coldingham (Northumbria), see bede, HE iv.25. For women in the church, see Hollis (Q21). See also entry on nunneries in A100. [D135] B. Mitchell, 'Anglo-Saxon Double Monasteries', History Today 45.10 (1995), pp. 33-9

The reign of Athelbald, king of the Mercians (716-57)
The reign of Offa, king of the Mercians (757-96)
The Reign of Coenwulf, king of the Mercians (796-821)
The Mercian supremacy
The equilibrium south of the Humber was broken by the death of Wihtred, king of Kent, in 725, and by the departure of Ine, king of Wessex, to Rome in 726. The way was open for Athelbald, king of Mercia since 716, to come to the fore; and it was during this period that Bede wrote the Historia ecclesiastica.

Our attention is focused on the great Mercian overlords - Athelbald (716-57), Offa (757-96) and Coenwulf (798-821) - though it is as well to bear in mind that things looks different if seen from a Welsh, Middle Anglian, West Saxon, Kentish, East Anglian, Northumbrian, or continental perspective.

KENT. King Wihtred (690-725) presided over the whole of the formerly bipartite kingdom of Kent. After the death of Wihtred in 725, the kingdom was divided into its two component parts: east Kent (governed from Canterbury), and west Kent (governed from Rochester). The relationship between the two kingdoms, and the consequences of the imposition of Mercian overlordship, are well illustrated by charters: see Kelly (B291), pp. 195-203, and Keynes, Atlas of Attestations (B331), Table V. [E120] King Wihtred's law-code, see EHD no. 31.

The kingdom of the Mericans in the ninth century: It is apparent that the Merican polity was coming apart at the seams in the 820s. For further discussion, see Wormald (F5), p. 128; see also Keynes (F6), pp. 119-20, and S 1435, in Kelly (B293), no. 15. For St Kenelm of Winchcombe, see Q350. Understanding of the fortunes of the Mercian kings in the central decades of the ninth century depends largely on the evidence of their charters and coins. The question arises whether there was any organising principle behind the succesion of Mercian kings: Coenwulf (796-821); Ceolwulf I (821-3); Beornwulf (823-5); Ludeca (825-7); Wiglaf (827-9 and 830-40); Berhtwulf (840-52); Burgred (852-74); and Ceolwulf II (874-9). It is possible that we should resolve the kings (and other players) into three competing dynasties (e.g. Wormald (F5), pp. 128 and 138; Thacker (Q154), pp. 9 and 12-13; see also Keynes (F90), pp. 11 n. 40 and 39 n. 168), whose names began respectively with C, B, and W. Or it may be that the Mercian polity was rather different from the West Saxon polity (cf. Keynes (F90), p. 5 nn. 16-17), and that it reverted during this period to its 'natural' state.

Victims of the vikings: For lurid discussion of the rite of the blood-eagle, inflicted upon AElle, king of the Northumbrians, in 867, and upon Edmund, king of the East Angles, in 869, see: [F49] Smyth (F34), pp. 189-94, and index, s.v. 'Ritual Slaying' (see also Snake Pits); R. Frank, 'Viking Atrocity and Skaldic verse: the Rite of the "Blood Eagle"', EHR 99 (1984), pp. 332-43; B. Einarsson, 'De Normannorum Atrocitate, or on the Execution of Royalty by the Aquiline method', Saga-book of the Viking Society 22.1 (1986), pp. 79-82, with further contributions by R. Frank and B. Einarsson in SBVS 22.5 (1988), pp. 287-9, and 23.3 (1990), pp. 80-3; I. McDougall, 'Serious Entertainments: an Examination of a Peculiar Type of Viking Atrocity', ASE 22 (1993), pp. 201-25; and Smyth (F51), p. 77.

A number of other persons who met their ends at the hands of the vikings in the late ninth century were sooner or later reguarded as saints: e.g. AEbbe (Ebba the Younger), abbess of Coldingham; Beocca and 'Edor', of Chertsey; Haedda, abbot of Medeshamsetede (long believed to be commemorated with his monks by the so-called 'Haedda Stone' in Peterborough Cathedral); Ragener, nephew of King Edmund; and Tancred, Torthred and Tova, of Thorney. For further details, see Farmer (Q2), etc.
_____________
St Friseswide is the patroness of Oxford and Oxford University. What is fact and what is legend? The Catholic Encyclopedia has her listed. Since she was said to be Mercian of peerage or royalty...is there anything out there on her line? A tree? I am trying to discover siblings, etc. Obviously, since she was a virgin, no lines come from her. However, I am interested in her father, mother, etc. Thus far found a few links on the internet (from Oxfordshire). I have gathered the following to date: ..........
Saint Frideswide's (680-727 or 735) Feast Day was October 19th.
Frideswide was the daughter of the Mercian sub-king Dida of Eynsham and Safrida. Her father made her the founding abbess of his monastery at Oxford.
William of Malmsbury chronicled her life in the twelfth century.

According to Malmsbury, Frideswide had to ward off the advances of Aethbald (716-757) of Mercia. However, by the dates, I believe that it must have been AEthelred (675-704), brother of Wulfhere, son of Penda (?). AEthelred (reigned from 675-704) was said to be a barbarian, like his father. He won a victory over Eghrith of Northumbria at the battle of the River Trent in 679, and ended Northumbrian overlordship south of the Humber and saw the province of Lindsey pass permanently into the Mercian sphere of influence.

Anyway, to continue the story of Frideswide: She fled into the forests near Binsey. She is said to have blinded her attacker because of his lustful ways, and then gave him his sight back when he thought better of his actions.

Mercia has its native saint cults and many of the saints were said to be of royal birth. Saint cults are discussed in Life of St. Rumwold. However, this tale of an infant prodigy dying three days after his birth, after having preached a sermon on the Trinity seems highly unlikely.

During this time period, there was more oral history than written records, so the oral tradition of mythology is all that we know. Mercian kings claimed descent from the legendary kings of Continental Angeln. Frideswide, herself, was said to be related to the "Frith" family. This is named because many of her supposed ancestors were called Frithuris, Frithwold, etc. In fact, Frithuric may have been related to Frithwold, a subking of Surrey under Wulfhere. Taking this legend into account, Frideswide was related to Ethelred ... he was a cousin. Frithuric was a princip and member of the royal house and founder of religious houses in Mercia. When Aethelbald went into the monkhood later in life and became abbot at Bardney in Lincolnshire, he left his throne to Cenred (704-709) his nephew and son of Wulfhere. However, another account said AEthelred and Osthryth had a son named Ceolred?

Frideswide died in the monastery in Oxford, and though a fire destroyed many church records in 1002, there is little doubt that her relics occupied a shrine there in the eleventh century. The church was reputed to have a dedication to St. Friswide before the Norman Conquest, but was re-constructed as her burial place. Her re-constructed shrine is the presbytery.

In the twelfth century, this church (Norman style) became a house of Augustinian canons (it was formerly an Augustinian priory), and the cult of St. Frideswide gained in popularity as the population of Oxford began to grow.

Maggie in Michigan
Researching
Bartholomew/Kruessler/Crysler/Dickerson/Knecht/Packard/Chilton/Co oke/Ames/Howard/Hayward/Occuish/Crush/Johnson etc.

^[S1128]

Notes

CONFLICT: shows name is David. ^[S1338]

Notes

Wernebald de Cuningham (a 1140)

Notes

"James Dent, of Ormesby, Gent., had a son and heir, Peter, who inherited the parental estates in Ormesby. Of his childred there was a younger son, Peter, who acquired an estate which he called 'Gisborough'. He married a daughter [Margaret] of the Rev. William Nicholson, of Hutton Cransick, a parish in East Riding near Hull.

Children:
2 Peter DENT b: 1629 d: 5 Oct 1689 + Elizabeth PLEYS b: Abt. 1630
2 Thomas DENT b: Abt. 1630 d: 22 Apr 1676 + Rebecca WILKINSON b: 1633 d: 1726
2 William DENT b: Abt. 1632
2 George DENT b: 1635
2 John DENT

Notes

DUDLEY, Dorothy [2] d: 27 Feb 1642/43

Notes

Lived last part of her life in home of her son Dr. Hampton Kennedy Smith in Union SC. ^[S316]

Notes

""Virginia Descendants of Andrew Monroe" by Anne Monroe Wintzer and it states that Joseph Jones Monroe 1772-1824, was the son of Spence and Elizabeth Jones Monroe. Joseph was married in 1790 to Elizabeth Kerr; on Oct. 27, 1801 to Sara Gordon; on Oct 19, 1808 to Elizabeth Glascock, and in 1821 he married Huldah Hubbard (or Hulda Davis) Glasscock. A widower in 1819, he was one of the first settlers in Howard Co., Mo. He was described as a man of warm heart, of undoubted integrity, of polished education and inestimable worth. He was clerk of the court in Northumberland Co. Virginia."

In TAG vol 9, pg 182-184, there is an article on the Major Andrew Monroe family, ancestor of President James Monroe. It lists President Monroe and wife as having only females surviving (infant unnamed son d 1800). Also says "most of the descendants of President and Mrs. Monroe are to be found in Henry's "Genealogies of the Families of the Presidents". Shows Joseph Jones Monroe as brother but does not list any children. ^[S3775]

Notes

James Pettigrew, an officer of King William's army, rewarded by a grant of land for gallantry at the battle of the Boyne.

Mary's father, James Pettigrew sold his lands in PA and rented a farm in Lunenburg County VA for a while. They did not stay in VA very long but migrated further south into the Carolinas, where they settled in the Abbeville District of SC in about 1758.

Children:
1. daughter - died enroute to America
2. Martha Pettigrew bc 1732 d 1796 Wilkes Co, NC m. John Witherspoon
3. John Pettigrew d 1806 Abbeville District SC m. Sarah Matthews
4. James Pettigrew b. 1746 Pennsylvania m. 1775 Elizabeth Long
5. Charles Pettigrew b 20 Mar 1743 Chambersburg, PA d 8 Apr 1807 Tyrell Co., NC m. (1) 29 Oct 1778 Mary Blount (2) 12 Jun 1794 Mary Lockhart
6. Mary Pettigrew m. John Verner
7. George Pettigrew
8. child - died young
9. Jean/Joan Pettigrew bc 1750 Penn. d 1838 Gwinette Co., Georgia mc 1768 Stephen Tilly d 1783 Wilkes Co., NC
10. Ebenezer Pettigrew b 1752 Penn. d May 1795 Abbeville District, SC m Sarah _____ m (2) Thomas Finley of Abbeville District
11. daughter bc 1754 dc 1780
12. daughter bc 1756 dc 1780
13. William Pettigrew b 26 Feb 1758 Lunenburg Co. VA d 13 Jan 1837 Badwell, Abbeville District, SC m Louise Guy Gilbert
(Children from will of James Pettigrew
and "Leaves From the Famly Tree" by Penelope Johnson Allan)

He left a will, dated December 18, 1784, in Ninety Sixth District, South Carolina. Witnesses were Handy Harris, and James and William Pettigrew. He named his wife, Mary Pettigrew, and children, John, James, George, Ebenezer, William, Martha Witherspoon, and Mary Verner. Inventory was made on August 14, 1789 by William McKinley Handy Harris, and Moses Davis.

District of Ninety-Six James Pettigrew (1789) Abstract- Will of James Pettigrew
Recorded in Will Book 1 Page 14, Box 76 Pkg 1847 District of Ninety-Six

Wife: Mary 1/2 of land now living on, pluse a negro man named Jack, & a negroe woman named Phillis, likewise two horse, & two cows, and all the sheep, hogs and C(hickens?) I possess
Daughter: Martha Witherspoon
Son: John Pettigrew
Daughter: Mary Verner
Daughter: Jean Tilly
one dollar each
Son: James Pettigrew
Son: George Pettigrew
one dollar each
Son: Ebenezer 1/2 of the tract of land now living on
Son: William 1/2 of the tract of land now living on, after his mother's death. Also a negro man, Jack, all the stock left to my wife to be his after her death except one milch-cow which I give & bequeath to my daughter, Jean Tilly.

At wife's death, the negro woman named Philis shall be valued and one half of her value paid to my son, Ebenezer, by my son, William, & that said Philis remain with her husband, & be my son William's forever.
Dated: 18 Dec 1784
Proven: 14 Aug 1789
Recorded: 6 Oct 1789
Witnesses:
Handy Hardy
Jas. Pettigrew
Wm. Pettigrew

He is the immigrant ancestor of the Pettigrew family in America. The following account of his life was written and prepared by Penelope Johnson Allen, the State Chairman of Genealogical Records, Tennessee Society DAR.

"Among the children of William and Martha (Moore) Pettigrew was a son, James Pettigrew, who was born April, 1713 at Crilly House, County Tyrone, Ireland, and he was the first American ancestor of the family here traced.
James Pettigrew is said to have been wild in his youth and of a forward and daring disposition. While preparing for Trinity College at Dublin he eloped in 1731 with Mary, the daughter of Captain George and Rachel (Higgenbotham) Cochran, of The Grange, a beautiful Irish estate. Mary was a famous beauty of her time and was the same age as her young husband. The couple had 13 children, eleven of whom - 6 boys and 5 girls reached the age of maturity.

After a few years James Pettigrew made up his mind to seek his fortune in the new world and leaving the oldest of his four children with her grandmother in Ireland, set sail for America, with his wife, a daughter, and two sons. They landed at New Castle in Delaware, in 1740, and pushed westward into Pennsylvania, where he secured 300 acres of land on Marsh Creek near the present location of Chambersburg. In Philadelphia, he knew the prominent men of his day, and no less a personage than Dr. Benjamin Franklin, advised him to study medicine, but James Pettigrew was born to adventure and followed the star of his fortune south, through Virginia and North Carolina, and settled at last in North Carolina, where he spent the closing years of his life. And it is related that about this time James Pettigrew became very religious. So strict was he in his observance of the Sabbath that no cooking was allowed in his house on Sunday, and to this circumstance he and his family owed their lives, for one Sunday hostile Indians visited his premises, but seeing no smoke, passed on, as they suposed the house to be unoccupied. In recognition of this providential deliverance from the hands of the redmen, he after named one of his sons, Ebenezer.

After the Pettigrew family was settled in Pennsylvania, James sent to Ireland for his oldest daughter, who set out to join them, but she died during the voyage to America. About this time the French and Indian war broke out and life on the Pennsylvania frontier became a perilous business.

After Braddock's defeat in 1755, James Pettigrew sold his land in Pennsylvania for 80 pounds and moved to Luenburg County, Virginia where he rented a farm and remained about three years. Here his thirteenth child, a son, William was born, Jan 26, 1758. He then moved to Granville County, North Carolina, where he remained ten years, and while residing there gave the land for the establishment of a Presbyterian Church.

In 1768, hearing favorable reports from Scot-Irish settlers in South Carolina of the land in that section James Pettugrew sold his property in Granville County, North Carolina, and after three weeks traveling around reached the "Long Cane Settlement", about seven miles above Abbeville Courthouse. He stayed in this locality for about four years. In 1773 he bought a farm in what is now known as the "flat section" of Abbeville District, situated on Little River. The land here was fertile, his crops were abundant and his cattle increased. On the whole, he continued to prosper until the outbreak among the Cherokee Indians in 1776 sent a thrill of horror across the frontier. Those who escaped massacre were forced to abandon their plantations and seek safety in the Huguenot fort of James Noble, which was commanded by Patrick Calhoun, father of James C. Calhoun. In a short time the settlers returned home and enjoyed tranquillity until the tide of the revolution swept to this locality in 1779.

James Pettigrew was a stong Whig, and with several of his sons, son-in-law, and grandsons served with the colonial troops in the Revolutionary army.

He was somewhat skilled in medicine and, there being few practicioners in the country, he was often called upon to give medical aid, which he did impartially o Whig and Tory alike - and for this reason, in the turbulent days that followed the fall of Charleston, when the life of no man was safe in the country, which was infested with bushwhacking of both parties, James Pettigrew's family was a little disturbed.

Not long after the close of the war, one December day, he went to a sacramental occasion at "Pickens" House where Abbeville Courthouse now stands and there remained all night. The weather was very cold and he contracted a viloent cold. Aftre the close of the meeting, On Sunday night he rode twelve miles in bitter weather and pneumonia developed, which resulted in his death on Dec. 24, 1784, at the age of 71 years. His wife survived him two years and died Oct. 7, 1786, aged 73 years."
References;
Pettigrew Family History.
Leaves from the Family Tree by Penelope Allen, State Chairman of Genealogical Records, Tennessee Society DAR.
Comments on Mrs. Allen's Article (above) by Col. M. W. Pettigrew, Washington DC, based on observations by Mr. I. H. Patty of Florence AL .
Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations From the Revolution Through the Civil War.
The Verner Genealogy by Clara Verner Wallace
From http://www.concentric.net/~pvb/GEN/jpe.html.

Notes

Clementine Levett TILGHMAN (AFN:1WBC-XDQ) Born: 15 Feb 1842 Place: Norwood, East Feliciana, Louisiana Died: 13 Jan 1928 Place: Innis, Pointe Coupee, Louisiana Buried: Place: Innis, St Stephens Chur, Louisiana.

My Southern Family

(RESEARCH ANGLO-SAXON)

____ - ____

ID Number: I28926

Notes

Sources

Elizabeth ANDREWS

ABT 1550 - ____

ID Number: I84142

Sources

Daniel CONEY

1838 - ____

ID Number: I2773

Notes

Sources

WERNEBALD de CUNNINGHAM

____ - ____

ID Number: I89509

Notes

Sources

Peter DENT

1600 - 1647

ID Number: I61367

Notes

Sources

Dorothy DUDLEY

ABT 1620 - 27 Feb 1642

ID Number: I103412

Notes

Sources

Martha Jane MCCANTS

ABT 1830 - ____

ID Number: I36163

Notes

Sources

Debbie MEADE

Joseph Jones MONROE

1764 - 5 Aug 1824

ID Number: I32842

Notes

Sources

James PETTIGREW "the Immigrant"

Apr 1713 - 24 Dec 1784

ID Number: I69992

Notes

Sources

Edward Lee "Eddie" STANDARD

5 Dec 1886 - 15 Oct 1966

ID Number: I6094

Sources

Clementine Levett TILGHMAN

15 Feb 1842 - 13 Jan 1928

ID Number: I76905

Notes

Sources

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