Biography of JOHN ELLIS WOOL
WOOL, John Ellis, soldier, born in Newburg, New York, 20 February 1784; died
in Troy, New York, 10 November 1869. His father was a soldier of the
Revolution. The son was educated at the common schools of his native town,
and, after a short experience in mercantile life in Troy, began the study of
the law, at which he was engaged when war with England was declared, he
entered the military service as an officer of volunteers, raised a company in
Troy, was commissioned Captain in the 13th United States infantry, 14 April
1812, and greatly distinguished himself at Queenstown Heights, 13 October
1812, where he was severely wounded. He was promoted Major of the 29th
infantry, 13 April 1813, and at Plattsburg on 11 September 1814, he received
the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel for gallantry. Major Wool was transferred to
the 6th infantry, 17 May 1815, and in the subsequent reorganization was made
Inspector-General of the army, with rank of Colonel, 29 April 1816. The
routine of his duty was varied in 1832 by a professional tour abroad,
comprising an inspection of the military establishments of Europe for the
benefit of the United States service. In 1836 he effected the transfer of the
Cherokee Indians to the country west of the Mississippi, and on 25 June 1841,
he was appointed Brigadier-General in the United States Army. He was active
at the beginning of the Mexican War in preparing volunteer forces for the
field, and in less than six weeks despatched to the seat of war 12,000 men,
fully armed and equipped. He was General Zachary Taylor's second in command at
Buena Vista, selecting the ground for the action, making the preliminary
dispositions, and commanding on the field until the arrival of his superior.
For gallant and meritorious conduct in that battle he was brevetted
Major-General, 23 February 1847. For his services during the war with Mexico
Congress awarded him a vote of thanks and a sword of honor, and a sword was
also presented to General Wool by the State of New York. He commanded the
eastern military division in 1848-1853, and the Department of the Pacific in
1854-1857, putting an end to Indian disturbances in Washington and Oregon
Territories in 1856 by a three-months' campaign. He had charge of the
Department of the East in 1860, and at the opening of the Civil War saved
Fortress Monroe by timely re-enforcements, afterward commanding there at the
head of the Department of Virginia. He was promoted Major-General, United
States army, 16 May 1862, and had charge successively of the middle military
department and the Department of the East till July 1863. He was retired
from active service, 1 August 1863. General Wool was a rigid
disciplinarian, and had no superior in the United States service as an
organizer of troops. A monument was raised to his
memory in Troy. It is 75 feet high, and bears the following inscription from
the pen of William Cullen Bryant: "This stone is erected to Major-General John
Ellis Wool, the gallant soldier, the able commander, and the patriotic
citizen, distinguished in many battles; and to Sarah Moulton, his excellent
and worthy consort."
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