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 Top of page
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Introduction
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Major Frontier Regions Between the 17th
& 19th Centuries
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U.S.
Migration Research: Resources & Strategies
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More Resources About This Topic
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INDEX of Roads,Trails, Paths and Migration Routes
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About This Webpage
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STATE
GAZETTEERS of Physical, Cultural, Historical, and Geographical Features
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Introduction
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Finding your American ancestors can
sometimes be difficult because they may have moved so frequently. You might begin your search by asking
yourself why your ancestors migrated from one locality to another. Some possible reasons for migration may
have included: opportunity to obtain land, crop failures, military bounty
land, follow a religious leader, religious persecution, follow relatives or
friends, economic reasons, change of climate, improve social and poverty
conditions, political reasons, military transfer, wars, follow construction
projects (such as canals and railroads), and other reasons. Understanding migration trails in the localities
where your ancestors resided may help to trace their migration to a previous
place of residence. Travel in America was usually along existing trails and
roads, such as the National Road that extended from Maryland to Illinois, or
along rivers, lakes, and canals, such as the Erie Canal, Hudson River, Ohio
River, or Mississippi River.
Roads and river travel improved throughout the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. The Boston Post Road was used by many people and
extended from the New England states to New York, New Jersey, Delaware,
Maryland, and into the Southern states.
The westward migration that resulted in the rapid settlement of the
continental United States is perhaps the most compelling and important theme
in American history. In no other place or time have individuals settled such
an immense region so quickly and small groups of settlers who operated
independent of, and at times in direct violation of, governmental
policy. Usually considered the area
where the settled portions of civilization meet the untamed wilderness, the
frontier moved west over time with the migrations of American settlers. The improvement of existing Native-American
trails as well as the development of new roads was of great importance in
determining the relocation and redefinition of the frontier thus in many ways
came to define the process of westward migration, both as a delineating
marker between settlement and wilderness and as a gateway to the
"West."
Tracing your own family’s paths of migration can prove crucial in
identifying previous generations and eventually, figuring out where and how
they arrived in the “New World” as well as where they eventually
settled. Knowing the network of trails
American pioneers traveled can help you guess where to start looking. The trail descriptions provided on these
pages will assist you in understanding the routes your ancestors may have
taken to find new homes and opportunities in the vast area now encompassed by
the United States.
What we
hope to accomplish with this resource is to provide the researcher with some
of the basic facts of the major routes that were created and utilized during
the 18th and 19th centuries. The routes are generally grouped according
to the area of the United States to which our migrating ancestors were
heading. Of primary importance is
information regarding where the trails began and ended, as well as other
names by which they were also known.
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Major Frontier Regions Where American Migration
Occurred Between the 17th
and 19th Centuries
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This website has been divided into nine regions
of the United States where migrations occurred between the 17th
and 19th centuries. The
historic American roads trail and paths shown in the index of this database
have been categorized by where the route terminated. For example to find what historic migratory
routes went to Kentucky look in region 3 Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail
and Paths, or if your ancestors migrated to a county in eastern Texas
take a look at the routes listed in region 5 entitled Routes to the
Southeastern Gulf Plains.
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Index of Roads, Trails,
Paths and Migration Routes
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The following named routes are linked to the page
which provides information about the region of the United States in which
they are primarily found. Many early American
roads are known by several names. As
such it may be confusing as to which route is being discussed. In an effort to clarify this problem we are
listing all names as they are identified though our on-going research. Any additional information concerning this
topic would be most welcome.
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We have 884 names
in this INDEX as of 12 December 2015
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A
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Albany Post
Road; Albany and Schenectady
Turnpike; Allegheny Path; Ancram
Turnpike; Appian Way; Assunpink Trail
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia- Augusta Road; Augusta and Cherokee Trail; Augusta-Savannah Trail
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Aurora and
Terra Alta Turnpike; Avery’s Trace
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Ashtabula
Trail; Auglaize Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Alabama-Chickasaw Trail; Alabama, Choctaw & Natchez
Trail; Alabama Mobile Road; Alachua-Tampa Bay Trail; Arkansas Road; Atascosita Road;
Augusta, Macon, Montgomery and Mobile Trail; Augusta-St.
Augustine Trail
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Abilene
and Ft. Dodge Trail; Abilene Cattle Trail; Adobe
Walls Trail; Aubrey’s Cut-Off Trail
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Abeyta Pass Toll Road; Abo Pass
Trail; Acoma-Zuni Trail; Alamosa and Pagosa
Springs Wagon Road; Ancient Way; Apache
Pass Trail; Apache Trail; Arrowhead Trail
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8
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Routes
to the Western Mountain States - Alma and Breckenridge
Road; Armijo’s Route; Aspen and Grand River Road; Aspen, Hunter Creek, and Leadville Road; Aspen, Maroon Creek, and Gothic Road
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Applegate Trail (Entire Route); Applegate Trail in California; Applegate Trail in Oregon; Applegate-Lassen Cutoff; Auburn Emigrant Road
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B
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Bald Eagle
Creek Path; Bank Road; Bay Path; Bay Road;
Bayley–Hazen Military
Road; Bethlehem Pike; Blue Rock Path; Boston Post Road; Boston Turnpike; Braddock’s Road; Burd’s Road
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Buncombe
Road; Buncombe Turnpike; Bermuda Hundred-Amelia Trail
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Berkeley and
Hampshire Turnpike; Berryville and
Charles Town Turnpike; Beverly and
Fairmont Road; Black Fox Trail; Bolivar and Memphis Trail; Boone’s Trail
(Yadkin
to Kentucky); Boone’s Trail to Boonesborough; Brandonville
and Fishing Creek Turnpike; Brandonville, Kingwood and Evansville Turnpike; Buckhannon and Little Kanawha Turnpike
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Belpre Trail; Black Swamp Trail; Buffalo Trace; Bullskin Road
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Bellamy Road
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Black Dog Trail; Boone’s Lick Road; Burlington–St. Francisville
Stagecoach Route; Butterfield
Overland Dispatch (KS/CO)
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Beale Wagon Road; Bradshaw Trail
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8
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Routes
to the Western Mountain States - Bakerville
and Leadville Road; Bidwell-Bartleson Route in Idaho & Utah; Bidwell-Bartleson
Route in Nevada; Birds Eye and
Leadville Road; Bishop Creek
Route; Blue River, Black Lake, &
Mount Powell Rd.; Bozeman Trail; Breckenridge,
Buckskin Joe Gulch, & Hamilton Wagon Road; Bridger Trail; Bryan-South
Pass Road; Buena Vista, Aspen
City, & White River Road
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Barlow Road; Beckwourth Trail;
Big Trees Road & Ebbetts Pass
Road; Bidwell-Bartleson
Trail; Burnett Cutoff; Butterfield Overland Mail
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C
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Canada
Road; Catawba
Path (PA); Catawissa Path; Catskill Road; Catskill Turnpike; Centre Turnpike; Cherry Valley Turnpike; Cochecton–Newburgh
Turnpike; Conestoga - Newport
Path; Conestoga Path; Conewago
Path; Conoy
Path; Culbertson’s Path
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Camden-Charleston
Path; Carolina Road; Catawba & Cherokee Trading
Path; Catawba and Northern Trail; Catawba Path; Catawba Road; Charles Town Path; Charleston-Ft. Charlotte Trail; Charleston-Savannah Trail; Charleston-Winyah
Bay Trail
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Cacapon & North Branch
Turnpike; Capon and North Branch
Turnpike; Catawba Path; Catawba Trail; Charleston and Point Pleasant
Turnpike; Charleston and Ravenswood
Turnpike; Chattanooga-Willstown Road;
Cherokee Path; Cisca Road; Cisca - St Augustine Trail; Cisco and Middle Tennessee
Trail; Clarksburg and Buckhannon
Turnpike; Clarksburg and Philippi
Turnpike; Clarksburg and Wheeling
Turnpike; Cobblestone
Path; Cross Roads and Summit
Point Turnpike; Cumberland and
Great Lakes Trail; Cumberland and
Ohio Falls Trail; Cumberland
Road; Cumberland Trace (KY); Cumberland Trace (TN); Cumberland
Turnpike
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Cannon Ball Route; Carp River
Trail; Catawba Trail; Chagrin Trail; Cheboygan Trail; Chicago Road; Chicago - Detroit Post Road; Chicago-Dubuque Highway; Chicago-Galena State Road; Clarksville Trace; Coshocton Trail; Cuyahoga War Trail; Cuyahoga-Muskingum Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Camino Real de los Tejas; Chakchiuma Trails; Cherokee Trace; Chickasaw Trace; Chickasaw
Trail; Chickasaw-Tunica Old Fields
Trail; Choctaw-Bay St. Louis
Trail; Choctaw-Chickasaw
Trail; Choctaw–Mobile Bay Middle
Route; Columbia-Liberty Trail; Congress Trace; Coosa-Tugaloo
Indian Warpath; Cotton Gin
Port, St. Stephens, and Mobile Bay Trail;
Coushatta-Nacogdoches Trace; Coushatta Trace
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Camp
Supply-Fort Reno Road; Camp
Supply-Fort Sill Road; Camp Supply Road; Cannonball Stage Route; Castroville
Cattle Trail; Chisholm Trail; Council Bluffs-Old Ft. Kearny
Road; Crow Wing Trail
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Canon City, Grand River,
and San Juan Road; Chávez Trail;
Chihuahua Trail; Cimarron
Cutoff; Cimarron Route; Cimarron Trail; Cooke’s Wagon Trail; Crook Road; Cucharas -
Elizabethtown Wagon Road; Cucharas & Moreno Valley Wagon Road; Cucharas &
Sangre de Cristo Wagon Road
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8
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Routes
to the Western Mountain States - California
Trail in Idaho & Utah;
California Trail in Nevada; Carbonateville Road to White River Agency; Carroll Trail; Carson Route in Nevada; Central City and Montgomery Wagon Road; Central Overland Route; Chalk Creek and Elk Mountain Road; Chalk Creek Ranch, Carbonateville,
Ten Mile, and Kokomo Road; Cherokee Trail; Child's
Cutoff; Colorado and California
Wagon Road; Copper Creek and Maroon
Road; Crystal River Road
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - California Road;
California Trail (Entire Route);
California Trail in California;
Carson Route in California;
Columbia River Highway; Coos
Bay Wagon Road
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D
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E
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F
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Forbes
Road; Forbidden Path; Frankstown
Path; French Creek Path; French Road
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Fall Line Road; Fayetteville–Salem Plank Road; Fayetteville & Western Plank
Road; Ft. Charlotte & Cherokee
Old Path; Fort Moore-Charleston
Trail
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Fairmont and
Wheeling Turnpike; Federal Road
(Cherokee lands); Fort
Washington-Tennessee Road
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Fort Kaskaskia Road; Fort Miami Trail; French-Indian Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Fallen Ash Military Road;
Fayetteville Road; Federal Horse Path; Federal Post Road; Federal Road (Creek Lands)
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Fayetteville
Emigrant Trail; Fort Bascom - Fort Dodge Road; Fort
Dodge - Camp Supply Road; Fort Gibson - Fort Smith
Road; Fort Griffin
Trail; Fort Griffin – Fort Dodge Trail; Fort Harker - Fort Gibson Road; Fort Hays -
Fort Dodge Trail; Fort Leavenworth - Fort
Kearney Road; Fort Leavenworth – Fort Scott – Fort
Coffey Military Road; Fort Riley - Fort Kearney Road; Fort Scott and Ottawa State
Road; Fort Sill - Fort
Smith Military Road; Fort Sill
- Fort Towson Road; Fort Smith -
Fort Towson Military Road; Fort
Snelling - Lake Superior Road; Fort Zarah - Harker
Mill Road
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Fort Garland, Summit
& Decatur Toll Road; Fort
Smith-El Paso Trail; Fort
Smith-Santa Fe Trail
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8
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Routes
to the Western Mountain States - Fort
Kearny Road; Frémont Cutoff
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Foote's Crossing
Road; Fort Kearney, South Pass
& Honey Lake Wagon Road; Fort
Walla Walla–Fort Colville Military Rd.;
Free Emigrant Road
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G
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Gist’s
Trace; Glade Road; Glocester
Turnpike; Goshen Turnpike; Great Genesee Road; Great Indian War & Trading Path
(MD); Great Indian War &
Trading Path (NY); Great Indian War
& Trading Path (PA); Great
Island Path; Great Minquas Path; Great Path; Great
Shamokin Path; Great Trail; Great Warriors Path; Greenwood Road; Greenwoods Turnpike
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Great Coast
Road; Great Indian Warrior and
Trading Path; Great Indian Warrior
and Trading Path (GA); Great Indian
Warrior and Trading Path (NC);
Great Indian Warrior and Trading Path (SC); Great Indian Warrior and Trading Path
(VA); Great Indian War PathGreat Philadelphia Wagon Road; Great Valley Road; Great Wagon Road; Great
Warrior’s Trail
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Georgia
Road; Giles, Fayette & Kanawha
Turnpike; Glenville, Ripley &
Ohio Turnpike; Great Indian War
& Trading Path (TN); Great
Indian War & Trading Path (WV);
Great Stage Road; Guyandotte & Charleston Turnpike
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Galena–Chicago
Trail; Grand River Trail; Great Emigrant Road to Ohio; Great
Hopewell Road; Great Path; Great
Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Gaines Trace;
Georgia–Tennessee River Road;
General Carroll’s Military Road;
Great Indian War & Trading Path (AL); Great Osage Trail; Great South
Trail; Green Grass Trail
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Great Osage Trail; Great Western Cattle Trail; Great Western Trail
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - General Crook’s
Road; Gila Trail; Gold
Road; Grayback
Toll Road; Gregg’s Route
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8
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Routes
to the Western Mountain States - Georgetown and
Breckenridge Wagon Road; Georgetown
and Ten Mile Road; Glenwood Springs,
Carbonate, and Eagle River Wagon Road;
Goodale's Cutoff; Goodnight-Loving Trail; Grand and White River Road; Grand River and Carbonate Road; Greenhorn Cutoff
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Georgetown Trail;
Georgetown-Dagget Pass Trail; Greenhorn Cutoff; Grizzly Flat Road
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H
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I
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J
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K
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L
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Lackawanna
Path; Lehigh Path; Lower Post Road
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Lower Cherokee Traders' Path
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Leading Creek
& Buffalo Turnpike;
Lexington-Limestone Road;
Lexington Spur; Logan’s
Trace; Lower Harpeth and West
Tennessee Trail
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Lac Vieux Desert
Trail; Lafayette Road; Lake Trail; Lake Shore Path; Limestone Road; Limestone & Chillicothe Road; Louisville Trace; Louisville - Vincennes Road
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - La Bahía Road;
Liberty-Nacogdoches
Road; Lower Creek Trading
Path; Lower Road
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Lampasas Cattle Trail; Lane’s Trail; Lost Creek Toll Road
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - La Bajada
Hill Wagon Road; Laredo Road; LaJunta &
New Mexico Road; Las Animas City
& Fort Union Wagon Road; Lee
Highway; Lower Road of Texas
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8
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Routes
of the Western Mountain States - Lander Road in Idaho; Lander Road in Wyoming; Leadville, Hunter Creek, and Aspen
Road; Leadville, Roaring Fork, &
Grand River Rd.; Leadville &
Soda Springs Toll Road;
Leadville
and Ten Mile Road; Leadville and Carbonateville Wagon Road; Leadville, Frying Pan, Roaring Fork
Road;
Leadville,
Malta, and Soda Springs Road;
Leadville, Massive City, & Roaring Forks Rd.; Leadville, Roaring Fork, and
Gunnison Road; Leavenworth- Pike’s
Peak Express Route
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Lake Tahoe Route;
Lassen Trail; Lewis &
Clark Trail (Entire Route); Lewis
& Clark Trail in WA/OR; Lincoln Highway (Entire
Route); Lincoln Highway in
California; Lolo Pass Trail
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M
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Middle Post
Road; Minsi
Trail; Mohawk Trail; Mohawk Turnpike; Monocacy
Path; Mount Hope-Lumberland Turnpike
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Monacan Trail
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Maysville–Lexington
Turnpike; Martinsburg and Potomac
Turnpike; Martinsburg &
Winchester Turnpike; McCulloch’s
New Path; McCulloch’s Old Path; Middletown and Wheeling Turnpike; Mississippi and Tennessee River
Trail; Moorefield and North Branch
Turnpike; Morgantown and Beverly
Road; Morgantown and Bridgeport
Turnpike; Morgantown & Kingwood
Turnpike; Morgantown, Kingwood and
West Union Turnpike
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Mackinac Trail; Mackinaw Trail; Mahoning Trail; Mahoning-Beaver Trail; Marquette Trail; Maumee Trail; Maysville Pike; Maysville Road; Miami Trail; Michigan Road; Mingo Trail; Mohican Trail; Moravian Trail(s); Moxahala
Trail; Muskingum Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Macon-Montgomery Trail;
McCreay’s Road; Memphis,
Pontotoc & Mobile Bay Trail;
Middle Creek Trading Path; Middle
Memphis–Pontotoc Trail; Middle Tennessee Chickasaw Trace; Mobile and Natchez Trail; Mobile–Lower Creeks Trail; Mountain Leader’s Trace
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Magdalena
Trail; Magraw
Cutoff; Mason
Cattle Trail; Matamoros Trail; McCoy’s Cattle Trail; Midland
Trail; Military Road; Mount Jesus
Trail
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Mackenzie Trail; Main Street of America; Middle Creek Pass Toll Road; Midland Trail; Mojave Road; Mormon Trail (UT/CA); Mosca Pass
Wagon Road; Mother Road; Mountain Monarch Wagon Road; Mountain Route; Music Pass Toll Road
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8
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Routes
of the Western Mountain States - Malta and Twin Lakes
Toll Road; McAuley’s
Cut-Off; Montana Trail; Mormon Trail; Mormon Wagon Road; Montgomery and Gertrude Wagon Road; Mosquito Pass Wagon Road
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Macy Cutoff; Meek-Elliott-Macy Trails; Meek Cutoff; Midland Trail; Millerton Road; Mission Trail; Mount Hood
Road; Mullan
Road (Entire Route); Mullan Road in Washington State
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N
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O
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Ohio Path; Old Connecticut
Path; Old Dutch Trail; Old Mine Road; Old Peter's Road; Old Province
Road; Old Roebuck Road; Old York Road; Onaquaga
Path; Ontario & Genesee
Turnpike; Opuaga
Path
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Occaneechi Path; Oceechee Road; Old Carolina Wagon Road; Old Cherokee Path to Virginia; Old Cherokee Trading Path; Old South Carolina State Road
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Ohio River and
Maryland Turnpike; Ohio River
Connection Trail; Old Walton Road
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Ohio Trail; Ohio River-Wills Town Trail; Old Indian Road; Olentangy
River Road; Orchard Lake
Trail; Owl River Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Oakfuskee Trail; Okfuskee
Path; Old Alabama Road; Old Military Road; Old Preston Road; Old San Antonio Road; Old Trading Path of the South; Old Wire Road; Old Wolf Path; Opelousas
Road; Osage Trace
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Oketo
Cutoff; Old Doan Trail; Old Military
Road; Old Texas Trail; Osage Trace in Missouri;
Osage Trace in Oklahoma
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Ocean-to-Ocean
Highway; Old Spanish Automobile
Trail; Old Spanish Trail; Old Trader’s
Trail; Ozark Auto Trails
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8
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Routes
of the Western Mountain States - Old
Arizona Road; Oregon Trail in
Idaho; Oregon Trail (South
Alternate); Oregon Trail in
Wyoming; Overland Trail; Overland-Cherokee
Trail
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Old Los Angeles Trail;
Old Plank Road; Old Santa
Susana Stage Road; Old
Spanish Trail (Entire Route); Old
Spanish Trail in California; Oregon Central Military
Wagon Road; Oregon Trail in
Oregon; Oxbow Route
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P
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Q
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R
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S
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Salisbury
& Canaan Turnpike; Seneca Road;
Seneca Trail; Seneca
Turnpike; Sepasco
Trail; Shamokin Path; Sheshequin
Path; Susquehanna Path; Susquehanna
Turnpike
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Saluda Gap Road; Saura-Saponi
Trail; Secondary Coast Road; South Carolina
State Road; Southern Road
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Salt
River Road; Seneca Trail; Shawnee Trail (WV); Shepherdstown and Smithfield
Turnpike; Skaggs Trace; Smithfield, Charles Town and Harper's
Ferry Turnpike; Staunton -
Parkersburg Turnpike; Sweet Springs
and Price's Mountain Turnpike
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Saginaw Trail; Salt Springs Trail; Sauk Trail; Sault-Green Bay Trail; Scioto Trail; Scioto–Beaver Trail; Scioto–Monongahela Trail; Shawnee Indian Road; Shawnee-Miami Trail; Shiawassee Trail; Shore Trail; St. Joseph
Trail; Stagecoach
Trail; Standing Stone Trail; State Road
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - San Antonio–Laredo Road; Savannah-Jacksonville
Trail; Savannah-Pensacola Trading
Path; Selma–Mobile Trail; Southern St. Augustine-Appalachee Trail;
Southwest Trail; Springfield
Road; St.
Augustine-Jacksonville-Apalachee Trail; St. Augustine-Flint River Trail; St. Augustine-Savannah Road
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Saint Louis Trace; Saint Louis-Vincennes Trace; Saint Paul-Pembina Road; Saint
Paul Trail; San Angelo - Coleman
Cattle Trail; San Angelo - Fort
Griffin Cattle Trail; San Saba
Cattle Trail; Santa Fe Road;
Sedalia Trail; Shawnee
Trail; Shoo
Fly Trail; Smoky Hill Trail; Starvation Trail
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7
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Routes to the American Southwest - Saguache
& Medano Pass Wagon Road; San Antonio - El Paso Road; Sangre de Cristo Wagon Road; Santa Fe Trail; Silver Cliff & San Luis Valley Toll
Road; Skeleton Canyon Road; South Texas Trail; Southern Emigrant Trail; Southern California Emigrant Trail; Southern Trail; Summit Creek & Wagon Creek Toll Road
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8
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Routes
of the Western Mountain States - Salt Lake Cutoff; Seminoe
Cutoff[ Slate Creek Cutoff; Snake River Cutoff; South Park, Alma, and Leadville Toll
Road; South Park, Alma, and Ten Mile
Toll Road; South Pass Road; Sublette-Greenwood Cutoff; Sweetwater and White River Toll Road
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9
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Sacramento-Coloma Road; San Antonio-San Diego
Mail Line; Santa Susana Wagon Road; Santiam Wagon Road; Simpson's Route; Siskiyou Trail; Sonora Route; Sonora-Mono
Toll Road; Stockton-Los Angeles Road
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T
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1
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Northeastern U.S. Roads, Trails & Paths
- Talcott Mountain Turnpike; Tulpehocken
Path; Turkeyfoot Path; Tuscarora Path
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2
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Routes
to Virginia, Carolinas, & Georgia - Three Chopt
Road; Three Notch'd
Road; Trading Path
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3
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Trans-Appalachian Roads, Trail, & Paths
- Tennessee River, Ohio and Great Lakes Trail
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4
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Routes
to the North Central Plains States - Tennessee River, Ohio and
Great Lakes Trail; Todd's
Trace; Tuscarawas Trail
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5
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Routes
to the Southeastern Gulf Plains - Tallapoosa Trail; Tenaha Trail;
Three Chopped Way; Tombigbee-Arkansas River Trail; Trails of Tears; Trammel's Trace; Traveler’s Road; Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail;
Tunica-Lake Pontchartrain Trail
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6
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Routes to the Central Plains States
- Tascosa-Dodge
City Trail; Telegraph Road; Texas Cattle Trail;
Texas Road; Topeka
and Eskridge State Road; Topeka and Ottawa State Road; Trail of the Sac and Fox; Trickham
Cattle Trail
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Routes to the American Southwest - Taos Mountain Trail; Temple Trail; Trinidad & Costilla Road; Trinidad & Moreno Valley Wagon Road; Trinidad, New Mexico & San Juan
Road; Trinidad- Raton Wagon Road
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Routes
of the Western Mountain States - Ten Mile Wagon
Road; Tennessee Pass & Red Cliff
Wagon Road; Trapper’s Trail; Truckee Route in Nevada; Twin Lakes and Arkansas Toll Road; Twin Lakes, Roaring Forks, & Grand
River Rd.
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Routes of the
Pacific Coast States - Tahoe Wagon Road;
The Dalles Military Road; Thomas and Ruckle Road; Truckee Route; Truckee Route in California
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U.S. Migration
Research: Resources and Strategies
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Migration Maps
A number of Internet sites contain maps showing migration routes in
America. Ancestry.com maintains a “Map Center” which features several hundred
historical maps of interest to genealogists and historians. See especially the heading “Migration.”
<www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/main.asp>
The American Migrations Web
Site” attempts to have an online database of immigration and migration
records at: <members.aol.com/gedsearch/migrate.htm>.
“Cyndi’s List: Migration Routes, Roads & Trails” identifies
westward migration routes, trails, roads, mailing lists, newsgroups, maps,
gazetteers, publications, and more at www.cyndislist.com/migration.htm.
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Migration Sources
Federal census schedules and state census records after 1850 are
useful in tracing migration. The 1880 U.S. Census was the first to show the
parent’s birthplace (state or country). Sometimes church records show where
an individual or family migrated, or a notation may have been made in the
church records in the new locality showing where they came from (previous
place of residence). Land records sometimes will show a previous place of
residence. Gravestones sometimes show where a person was born. Military
records are very useful in tracing migration. Printed sources, such as
biographies and compiled genealogies are useful as a beginning source.
Computer databases, such as the International Genealogical Index, should be
used as a first step in the research process (see “Search for Ancestors” at
FamilySearch Internet). <www.familysearch.org>.
The following list of sources may be useful in tracing migration of
individuals and families in America (listed alphabetically, not in order of
priority):
·
Bible
records and home sources
·
Biographical
works (sometimes known as “mug books”)
·
Census
schedules (federal, state, and local census records, especially after 1850)
·
Church
records
·
Compiled
genealogies and family histories
·
Court
records
·
DAR
genealogical collections (Bible records and other transcriptions)
·
Divorce
records
·
Gravestone
inscriptions and cemetery records
·
Land
and property records (land grants, patents, deeds, bounty lands, etc.)
·
Local
histories (town, county, regional, and other histories)
·
Manuscript
collection (may include unpublished compiled genealogies)
·
Military
service and pension records, unit histories, other military records
·
Mortality
schedules, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880 (some records are incomplete)
·
Naturalization
and citizenship records (since 1790)
·
Newspapers
(obituaries, marriage notices, biographies, local news, etc.)
·
Passport
applications (since 1795)
·
Passenger
lists and immigration records (since 1820; many earlier records published and
indexed by P. William Filby)
·
Patriotic
and lineage society records (DAR, SAR, Mayflower Society, etc.)
·
Periodicals
(genealogical and historical periodicals and newsletters)
·
Probate
records (wills, administrations, probate case files)
·
Tax
lists (Kentucky tax records are one of the best examples)
·
Vital
records (births, marriages, and death records)
·
Voting
registers
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Selected Bibliography
·
Atlas of American History. 2nd ed. New York: Charles
Scribner’s Sons, 1984.
·
Billington,
Ray Allen and Martin Ridge. Westward Expansion: A History of the American
Frontier. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing,
1982.
·
Condon, George E. Stars in the Water:
The Story of the Erie Canal. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co.,
1974.
·
Holbrook, Stewart H. The Yankee Exodus:
An Account of Migration from New England. Seattle: University of
Washington Press, 1968.
·
Merk,
Frederick. History of the Westward Movement. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 1978.
·
Steckmesser,
Kent L. The Westward Movement: A Short History. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1969.
·
Unruh, John D., Jr. The Plains Across: The
Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. Urbana, Ill.:
University of Illinois Press, 1979.
·
Western Writers of America. Water Trails
West. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1978.
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More RESOURCES About This Topic
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Resources
at Other Websites
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·
American
Migration Patterns
·
Migration
Routes, Roads & Trails
·
Brethren
Life: Migrations
·
Trails West
- TNGenWeb
·
Historical
U.S. Roads and Trails - Wikipedia
·
U.S. Historical Maps
- Perry-Castañeda Collection
·
Early
American Roads and Trails
·
MIGRATIONS.org
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·
ROOTS
/ MIGRATIONS
·
American
Migration Fact Sheets
·
Map guide to American
migration routes,1735-1815
·
Migration Book Store
·
Major
Historic Trails & Roads of U.S. Settlement
·
The Overland Trail
Links--Ancient Indian Trails
·
Migration
Message Boards – Ancestry.com
·
The
African-American Migration Experience
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Resources
at Our Genealogy Reference Library
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This Link will take you to our library of
genealogy reference books. Here you
will find books about historic American roads, trails, and paths. In addition, there are texts that pertain
to ethnic and religion groups, history, geography as well as other books that
will assist you with your research.
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IMAGE GALLERIES About This Topic
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Our
Galleries of Images
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During our research we have collected images and photographs that
are of general interest to a variety of American migration routes, roads and
trails. Some of them are presented on
this website because we believe they tend to provide the reader with
additional information which may aid in the understanding of this topic as
well as our ancestors past lives.
Use this LINK to see the “Image Gallery” that pertains to this topic.
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Google
Images Search
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Use the
power of Google™ to find more interesting images about this topic. A Click on this LINK to go to the “Google Images
Search” page. Enter
the topic you are searching for in the box and click “Search
Images”. At the “images” display page
you will see the images, as well as the website with which it is associated.
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About This
Webpage
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CONTACT INFORMATION
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We
need your help to keep growing! So
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-- This webpage was last updated on --
12 December
2015
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