It was a very Catholic country that France in the first half of the seventeenth century. This period is of great importance for us, French Canadians, because it is precisely that which saw the birth of our country.
Our ancestors came to Canada, just when the revival fervor covered the whole France. They came for the greatest number, most provinces buffeted by the Hundred Years War and the Wars of Religion: From Normandy to the Isle of France, nearby provinces of La Rochelle, Aunis, Saintonge, Poitou, Maine Anjou, Guyenne. The tests, the reactions against the enemy had fortified themselves in the burning times, the courage, endurance.
With them they brought into our country, the legacy of the Christian civilization of the Old World, yet we enjoy.
The reasons which brought many settlers to the country amounted to little greed or simple spirit of adventure. Some came here hoping to earn an honest living in the service of trading companies or by settling on the land.
We do not have the birth of our ancestor. This is unfortunate because we could, beyond a doubt, know the names of his parents and the precise date of his arrival on earth. But they say native Mouilleron-in-Pareds he was born in 1631.
The records of the parish of the Visitation of Our Lady of Chateau-Richer, during her marriage celebrated Monday, November 27, 1662, are as stingy with information about his parents. However there underlines its place of origin. He is aged about 31 years, when his union with Mary Girou, herself a native of Tremblett (Tremblade). (Saintonge). He died in Ste-Famille, IO, on Tuesday, September 16, 1687 and was buried the 17. The Cure (F. Lemay) says age 55 or thereabouts.
What is the exact date of birth of Abel Turcault our ancestor? To date, I have traced his baptismal certificate. It is more than likely it was destroyed over the years due to numerous wars that devastated France at different periods of its history.
Mgr Tanguay says born in 1631.4. By cons in the 1st census of New France5. you can read this: "Turcos Abel, 35. By cons when you consider that the 1st census was done during the months of February and March of 1666, then by a simple subtraction we reach the year 1631.
| Drawing of Abel Turcault |
Your Ancestor, Abel Turcault
Sketch drawn by Scarlett Mount 7 years, Senneville, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, P.Q.
This drawing was done as part of a contest for children in the Turcotte family from 0 to 5 years.
We can therefore conclude that our ancestor was born in early 1631. For his act of burial6. registered in the parish of Ste-Famille on the Island of Orleans, September 17, 1687, says aged 55 years. If it is accepted as date of birth 1631 1687 Abel Turcot should have done 56 years. Moreover, if we assume he was born before the end of March 1631, in September 1687 he had 56 years and 5 months and older; probably 56 years and 6 months, especially if one accepts that the enumerators are spent in his home before March 15, 1666.
Trying to revive the ashes of its predecessor Abel Turcault is not easy. After more than three centuries later how to know who is the father of the whole phalanx of descendants, direct and collateral, each of us is one of the links formed by this human chain that is growing and to grow each day.
Abel Turcault who are you? What you got pushed to leave your Poitou, Vendée your land and more specifically, your little hometown, Mouilleron-en-Pareds to continue your race on the banks of this great and majestic St. Lawrence River?
Was this the state of social crisis which was then due to France many wars? Why risk having crossed the Atlantic on a frail skiff? What seaport has it shipped to undertake the crossing of the Atlantic? On what ship did he board? Has he signed an employment contract before sailing to New France? If yes, what a notary and in what city? To whom was it initiated and under what conditions? For how long?
These are questions that have no answers at present. As they never have a day?
What kind of life he led in this land of "New France"?
Teachers in genealogy, Bishop Nicholas, Brother Eloi-Gerard Talbot, Drouin and others, we do know almost everyone in the same way. One wonders if they have not plagiarized one another as mere students in need of a successful school work.
Here is what we say and do these genealogists and historians as well as deeds and others.
What motives drove these people (committed) to New France?
| Picture of La Rochelle |
National Archives of France. In Force : Québec, 1978, Annexe XI.
La Rochelle is the rendezvous, the final stage of all those who want to go overseas, peasants, sailors, soldiers. La Rochelle and the surrounding area are people of all trades, whether urban, rural, sedentary nomads.
Leon has already said that the seventeenth century was the century of poverty for farmers and rural. La France, who came out of religious wars (1572-1598), fighting in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) since 1635 and entered the Fronde (1648-1653), did not escape this misery. Laborers responsible for chores and taxes, peasants, sharecroppers, agricultural workers ruined by famine and war, uncertain of the morrow, vegetated. The contracts that offered incurred bringing some security: advances granted to everyone to bring clothes and useful items, shelter and food during the trip so that during the time of appointment, swords, guns, tools provided and appropriate salary during the years of service.
At what precise date Turcault Abel left there the France? We know he married in November 1662 in Château-Richer. Was he married shortly after his arrival in New France? Or, like most pioneers, he was a hired? If yes, he had signed an employment contract? Was it a 3, 4 or 5 years? Presumably, he signed an employment contract, it was a 3 year contract as did the majority of emigrants. So we can assume that he left his native France usually in spring or early summer 1659, ie 3 years before her marriage celebrated in 1662. This same year Bishop Laval arrived in the country.
And more precisely: On June 16, 1659, accompanied by 3 secular priests, arrived in Quebec on the first bishop of the colony. The next day, amid general rejoicing, the whole population would welcome them into the harbor and accompanied by procession of river to the church.
According to an article by Michel Langlois from the ancestor and subtitled: "The ship came in 1659":
"The St-Andre was the only ship that arrived in 1659. Before him, another man also from La Rochelle and named: The Sacrifice of Abraham "arrived at Quebec June 16 leading to Bishop Laval. It (the ship) departed August 4. "
It is a ship of 300 tons of which is unknown to the captain and owner is Peter Gaigneur and passengers are committed to Canada ".
The list of entrants that carried "The Sacrifice of Abraham" is she? If yes, where can we trace? Because we might be able to trace our ancestors aboard this ship.
Why our ancestors did it not made the crossing on the same ship that Bishop Laval? Can we push the same assumption, with no document to that effect, however, to suppose that Bishop Laval had made contact and knowledge of Abel Turcault, except in his native Vendée, at least in La Rochelle port of embarkation of many emigrants to New France.
If Abel Turcault has not made the journey on "The Sacrifice of Abraham" should be assumed that he embarked on the "St-Andre"
That same year, yet says Michel Langlois, we still have the chance to own a piece of the Father Godbout informing us in detail about the passengers of St. Andrew, the last ship arrived in 1659. Mother Marie de L'Incarnation notes about it: - "The last ship came in 1659, was found infected with spotted fever and pestilential. He carried two hundred people who have almost all been sick. He died eight on the sea and other land, most of the country was infected and the hospital filled with patients. - "Le Saint-Andre is a ship of 300 tons, whose captain is G. Chicken, the owner is J. Nezereau and the shipowner, J. Mousnin. Le Saint Andre was carrying 118 incurred in Canada."
Father Archangel Godbout, o. f. m. tells us that passengers on the ship St. Andrew in 1659 were recruits for Montreal. Do not be surprised not to read the name of our ancestor on the passenger list.
We'll have to direct our research elsewhere to be able one day to discover what ship he made the crossing.
The day we will be given the facility to consult lists of shipments, may be able do we then solve this problem, although we do not fondions great hope, because there are many researchers who, long before us, have undertaken work in this direction and did not arrive at a satisfactory and conclusive.
| Drawing of immigration boat |
Auger. R.J. La grande recrue de 1653, Montréal 1955.
The voyage aboard the St Andrew illustrates the hardships that the pioneers knew to go to New France.
How were the crossing? Was she calm or stormy, tossed by waves and wind? Was she quick or long?
- According to a master carpenter at the time, in 1634, they would have 20 days to go to the new world.
- True, they do not lie to thee. But just what they do not tell thee again, is that 20 days is an exception.
- Twenty days to cross the sea is like a miracle.
- It has taken just 20 days as it can take 20 weeks. - If it takes 20 weeks we can say that there are problems on the horizon problems of food I guess.
- In May 1641, 5 ships set sail with 200 passengers aboard, most all animals. Ate salt pork, sea biscuits because it keeps longer, your ration of cod and herring, dried raisins, beans. You can even refresh your breath with garlic and onions. Initially, to drink, you have your ration of water, wine and cider. But like water that spoil quickly, and that the journey is long, you'll end up drinking that wine and cider, as everyone (even animals).
- As long as I have a good place to sleep and good food to eat, I will find a way to be happy.
- You will have a single mattress that you'll have to roll each morning. And table, you can always try.
In 1665, Talon is 117 days to cross the sea
That is how an experienced sailor, described in a hired awaiting the date of shipment, as was performed to have crossed the Atlantic in the mid-seventeenth century.
Abel Turcault, has happened in countries with a contract of employment as a miller? If yes, with whom he passed the said contract, and to whom he promised, and for how long?
Official documents on this episode in the life of the missing ancestor. We must content ourselves with conjecture, or rather stagger a series of hypotheses and possibilities.
We know that our ancestor was a miller and farmer in the service of Bishop Laval at the beginning of the colony. Moreover, we know that Abel Turcault originated Mouilleron-in-Pareds, where there were several common windmills.
Coming from a region where many millers were, our ancestors must have been a sucker experience upon arrival in New France; acquisition fits a country where all talents are welcome. However s'es he committed his arrival, to Bishop de Laval or from other settlers already established. At Château-Richer, more precisely, where he apparently lived. Besides this is that it links its destiny with Marie Giraud in 1662, as we said above.
The most common immigration process remains that of "engaged". Since 1632, the Compagnie des Cent-Associés, riddled with debt, was cleared of some of its responsibilities by selling its trade monopoly to private owners, always keen to make the fur trade. In return, they undertook to carry a number of immigrants in proportion to the tonnage of cargo they ship. In Quebec. The shipowners were reimbursed travel expenses by the farmers already established in the country and needed help. The farmer was in turn compensated by three years of committed service. Finally, three years of service completed, the commitment now became owner free by agreeing to be a census of the Lord who was glad to give him a good bit of land. This was a convenient and inexpensive, but effective.
We would like to discuss what was in those years of the late 17th century and early 18th, the daily lives of our ancestors and the specific context in which it unfolded. We would especially like to know what they think, what they felt in their hearts and as Montaigne said, - "their morals, their constancy, their most common thoughts" -. Our age is, so many aspects so far and so different from theirs and were cut as bridges between the past and it is very difficult to get an idea. This could be by no means an easy life, lazy and comfortable. Shoot down the forest, clearing the land, picking rocks, the drain, - "make the new land" - has never been fun, it was their tough, thankless and endless occupation.
Compagnie des Cents Associés who ran the colony without much enthusiasm, finally alarmed the missionaries, had decided to send some more troops in 1651.
Unfortunately, the situation was much better in the colony the previous year (1650), a band of Mohawks (English Mohawk) had attacked Three Rivers Pierre Boucher had valiantly defended, but the Iroquois had taken the offensive the following spring.
We are on the eve of the glorious feat of arms Dollard des Ormeaux (1660) and his intrepid companions slowed somewhat incursions and postponed their intentions to remove the Algonquins and the Hurons and the newcomers that 'were our ancestors.
What courage, what spirit of sacrifice, without denying the merits of missionary spirit, if not mystical, underlying hope for better should be animating the pioneers of the colony.
Thus, some 1,200 people left voluntarily, without illusion, the finest kingdom in Europe to settle in Canada. These people ever expected nor fortune, nor ease; tangible benefits offered to them yet because each family head was sure to receive, for a small fee, a land of at least three (3) acres in width by thirty (30) deep - a real field, in fact much larger than the miserable plot that would be very hypothetically become the owner one day motherland. If it is working and resourceful, the little Metropolitan can more quickly climb the social ladder.
The French immigration side of New France has always been low, not over the vast territory they claimed, but from the figures taken by themselves. From 1608 to 1627, annual totals of arrivals does not exceed thirty, and we must remove those who prefer to return to France. In 1627, the Hundred Associates undertook to send 4,000 settlers in 15 years: in 1641, the population is only 500! It was calculated that from 1608 to 1660, it would come as 1,260 immigrants: this gives an annual average of about twenty ...
| Map of St-Laurent |
The Entrance of the River St. Lawrence and Quebec City in Canada, at the time of the arrival of our ancestor.
Source : Force, Québec, 1978, Annexe III.
The first official act that we possess and which ensures the stability of Abel Turcault in this country, is the act of mariage.7. He binds his destiny, the Château-Richer, November 27, 1662, to Marie Giraud (Girou) Their union is enriched with 8 children: 6 girls and 2 boys that will strain the country and ensure everyone on his side, the progeny of the ancestor.
Then, until his death on September 16, 1687 in Sainte Famille on Ile d'Orleans at the age of 55 years ago, he made several transactions that can be traced in the deeds of the time. This allows us to follow her all over the course of his life in Quebec land.
Shortly after his arrival in New France, circa 1660, Abel Turcault committed as a farmer and miller of Bishop Laval. Then, soon, it is granting a concession to the Isle of Orleans, Lordship Lirec. It grows quickly and, raising his large family, over generations, will invade the Beauce, then swarming in Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Pistoles and the Eastern Townships, East-Angus specifically. This is where I was born. My line has traveled the following path: From the Island of Orleans, they immigrated to the Beauce (St. Mary), and Ste-Germaine Dorchester. From there, two or three went to settle in the United States in North Dakota and neighboring states in order to win the Pacific Coast. Two others are headed to the Eastern Townships and in the states of New England. I depend on these two branches.8.
His marriage certificate filed in the records of the parish of the Visitation of Our Lady of Chateau-Richer reads as follows:
Monday the twenty-seventh day of November one thousand six hundred and sixty two, after the betrothal and the publication of two banns of marriage made between Abel Turcault Meusnier of Parish Mouilleron bishopric of Malzaie and Mary Girou Parish of Tranblette In La Rochelle or that provided the latest ban by the power that was given to me by my Lord
| Map of Île d�Orléans |
Archives Nationales du Quebec. Map showing Sieur de Villeneuve possessions Abel Turcault the Island of Orleans in 1689. (Map 1)
| Ste-Famille church |
Commission on Historical Monuments of Quebec, Roy. P. G., Island of Orleans P. 128.
The present church of Sainte-Famille on the Island of Orleans was built on land that belonged to Abel Turcault.
My Lord Bishop, and not having found any hindrance, I undersigned Parish Priest of Our Lady of the Visitation of Chateau-Richer, the ay ay Married and gave the nuptial blessing in the form prescribed by the Holy Church In the presence of Master Jan Cloutier Plowman and inhabitant of Mathurin Chabot also said the farmer testimonie Wedding UAI reported not Know how no hindrance.
T. Morel (initials)
priest.
The few months after his marriage was not all rest, as we see the leaves extracts of the story of Ange-Gardien following:
"It is beyond the scope of our work here to explain the objections that the colony might have against the Company of One Hundred Associates. Suffice it to say that the inhabitants of the coast of Beaupre had not suffered less than the rest of the settlers, the wretched state of things then existing. Also, it was for them, as for all, a great relief when they learned that their bishop left for France to defend their interests. (1662)
Discouragement became such in all campaigns, they even offered to abandon the country and return to France. But, says His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, Bishop Laval, already more Canadian than French, resisted strongly in a project which would have annihilated as a people, and during the summer of 1662, he decided to go in France, in order to obtain a prompt remedy for the evils which devastated the country.
For another man, less strongly tempered alloy that the Dukes of Montmorency, the various trips that the prelate in Europe could cause a fatal outcome. Review this beautiful country of France, being received with open arms by the great monarch meet, jostle in the streets and salons of Versailles everything that contained the kingdom of men illustrious in the sciences, arts, politics and literature ; be treated equally with Bossuet and Fenelon for sucking through his illustrious name, to the highest dignities in the middle of this court plicée most of the universe and then giving up a brilliant future, to use in through the perils of the ocean road in Canada with its savagery, its harsh climate and the terrible solitude of his immense forests; course it takes more than strength of character of a great man, he had the grace of 'apostle and virtue of a saint.
It was during the absence of Bishop Laval in 1663 that occurred in Canada the terrible events that spread terror throughout the colony, and of particular interest to the parish of L'Ange Gardien.
The disorders caused by drink were so great after the departure of the prelate, as vicars and the reverend Jesuit Fathers were obliged to publish the excommunication against all those who traded the water of life, but this In vain, as the scandals continued and even increased. It was during the winter it was carnival and the fun was in full swing throughout New France. Shrove Monday, the fifth day of February 1663, the day was beautiful and serene, and many people had begun to celebrate the carnival with amusement and excess ordinary for their part, religious people attended the offices we did in the Jesuit church in honor of the martyrs of Japan. Religious communities also redoubled their devotion and prayers. Mother Catherine of St. Augustine, a nun of the Hotel-Dieu, had announced on several occasions, she had misgivings about the punishment of God on New France.
She was still praying, when suddenly, about half past five in the evening, was felt throughout the whole of Canada as a quiver of the earth, followed by a gathering noise of the earth, followed by a noise resembling that would make thousands of carriages and rolling heavily loaded with speed on the cobbles ... Church bells stamps clocks struck the houses were shaken and furniture was overturned, chimneys fell, the ice of the river, thick three or four feet, were raised and broken, like a sudden and violent collapse ... The first quake, which lasted about ten minutes, was followed by several others, and these earthquakes continued until about the twenty August, that is, for six months.
The inhabitants of the coast of Beaupre says Ferland, noticed a glittering globe, stretching over their fields, as a city consumed by fire, their terror was extreme, because they thought he was all ablaze. The meteor crossed the river, however, without causing any harm, loss and went beyond the Island of Orleans.
For its part, the Mother of the Incarnation reported that many conversions were made, both by the infidels (the Indians) who have embraced the faith that the part of Christians who have left their poor life. The days of carnival, "she said, have been changed into days of penitence and sorrow: the public prayers, processions, pilgrimages have been continual. Fasts on bread and water were frequent confessions more sincere than it would have been the end of disease, and adds the Venerable Mother, Father de Beaupre heard up to eight one hundred general confessions.
But Mr. Pierre Boucher had been deputy in France by exposing people to the king the sad situation of the country. He returned to Canada the following year, accompanied by a French officer, Mr. Dumont. The latter recorded in his diary his impressions on the face of the country. He says the coast of Beaupre: "This was our lovely navigation up the river from Cape Tourmente to Quebec, to see both sides, the space of eight leagues, the farms and rural homes built by our French all along the coast, right in the manors Beaupré, Beauport, Notre-Dame-des-Anges, and left this beautiful island of Orleans, which continues to repopulate happily from one end to another. "
While these events were occurring in Canada, Bishop Laval, by his influence over the king of France, and its clever approaches, working to ensure the fate of the colony, taking a large part in changes that would take place in whole administration.
We have seen that all the inhabitants of the colony had suffered from apathy and neglect of the Compagnie des Cent-Associés. By his influence with Louis XIV, who honored the title of cousin, Bishop Laval was the creation of a sovereign council, composed of the governor and principal settlers, who would serve as a legislature and high court in New -France. The supreme council replaced the Compagnie des Cent-Associés.
As this change especially relevant settlers Beaupre, it is worth to mention here that says the Abbe Ferland in this regard:
"In a meeting, he said, held February 24, 1663, the Partners agreed to restore to His Majesty the ownership and lordship of New France ... In March, the king accepted the resignation of the Company, and ... , by an edict of the following April, he created a supreme council, to administer justice, to regulate commerce, and all the affairs of the place. "
"In passing from the hands of the Company between those of the king, the colony had taken a big step. It was out of childhood. "
The part played by Bishop Laval in this happy change had been told to His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, that recognition could have awarded the illustrious prelate as savior of the fatherland.
| Photo of Ange-Gardien |
PHOTO : A. Turcotte
Photo of Ange-Gardien making the Island of Orleans. The arrow indicates the approximate location where Turcault Abel lived in the Angel-Garde.
But the capital work done by Bishop Laval during his stay in France in 1663, was the foundation of the Quebec Seminary. Aside from the great influence that this event had on the country, it offers a particularly interesting about what looks the coast of Beaupré. To ensure the existence of his seminary, the bishop of Quebec took advantage of the abolition of the Compagnie des Cent-Associés, who had put the king everything she owned in the colony, to acquire the whole coast of Beaupré, since the river Abyss until the fall of Montmorency, and by royal letters, dated 1663, he was created Lord de Beaupre. A few years later, Bishop Laval, by an act passed in Paris April 12, 1680, simply gave all his property to the seminary of Quebec, which thus became, in turn, lord of Beaupre "9.
Why millers: Before 1656, we can expect many bakers, masters, journeymen and apprentices. We did not find a sucker, not flour. However after 1656, while scarce bakers, millers and fariners arrive. If bakers are so many before 1656, it is still harvest some wheat in New France and that there is little built furnaces. Then the colony buys much less flour because it harvested enough wheat. Furnaces individuals have multiplied. Everyone has his oven. It millers it takes (Debien).
In his marriage, Abel Turcault is said Miller.
In 1663, there were 13 mills in New France, including 9 by rotating the wind and 4 hydropower operator. Twenty years later there were 41 mills in the country with a population of 11,000 inhabitants during the manorial system established in New France. The Lord has the monopoly operating flour mill in his lordship. Remember, it is required by law
"Build and maintain a suitable mill to grind grain of its tenants. These cons are obliged by going to bear grain and leave the 14th bushel as a payment. This monopoly reserved to the Lord, is the banality of flour mills. We will call the mill operated by the Lord, the communal mill.
The most common model was shaped cylindrical tower masonry. Its wooden roof conical rotated on its central axis to orient the wings in wind direction. The operation was performed, from the ground using a long pole placed at the opposite wing, to which we harnessed an ox or a horse. Once the wings were placed in wind direction, we blocked the roof and people began to grind.
The axis of the wings was slightly oblique to give better prose in the wind. Inside, a large gear wheel - the wheel - activated by the axis of fronto wings in another gear smaller - the lantern - which causes its rotation in the rotating wheel that crushes the seeds.
The construction of a water mill required more work than the big windmill. It must first build a dam across a river in order to retain enough water to run for some time a large wheel or a turbine, at the entrance to the dale is opened or closed in spades need. Scoops open the dale is filled with water to bring the mill on the Ferris wheel.
There are several types of water wheels, but the most common wheels are vertical, that is to say, those whose axis of rotation is horizontal. It contains the impeller that receives water from underneath the wheel wells, which receives water from above.
In an article from The Ancestor ", we read this valuable information on the mills and millers of Quebec, Ile d'Orleans in particular.
There were two mills in Ste-Famille, Ile d'Orleans, one operated by the wind and the other powered by water.
- Abel Turcot, our ancestor was the miller windmill on the Island of Orleans, from 1668 to November 19, 1675. -
The windmill is the oldest in the county. Built in 1664, - (probably by Charles Pouliot. We will come back now) - it has not stopped spinning since. The main miller was Abel Turcot.
The water mill was to have David Miller Letourneau, son of 1667 to 1688. Charles Rouillard there was miller in 1672.
The Moulange most mills are made from stone and Pernay Naunay. This stone has Jaunay Chastellereau. We did not find the equivalent here.
Millers listed in this article from the pen of Mr. Michel Langlois, thirteen (13) of them were originally from Poitou, province of origin of Abel Turcault, our ancestor.
Who built this windmill? Can we say without fear of wandering that it was Charles Pouliot? I do not have the document that would allow me to say so.
It's Boom (province located north of Poitou) Charles Pouliot what party first and pioneer ancestor of this family in America. Charles Pouliot married Françoise Meunier in 1667 at Quebec. The contracts he spent the next year, reminds us that Pouliot was a conscientious man of business. It was he who built the Moulin Du Sieur de Lauson the Island of Orleans in 1668. He, too, was called restorer for the former mill on the Island of Orleans in 1668 and again in 1670. Set in the parish of St Lawrence, it would in an old family tradition of gift to his parish of the land on which the first church was built.
The old stone mill in the parish of Sainte-Famille. This mill still exists, was probably built on the ruins of the old mill which had worked Pouliot Abel Turcot. Commission des Monuments historiques de la Province de Québec, Roy, P. G., L�Île d�Orléans, p. 142.
| Photo of a mill |
Who had built the mill in 1664? Does Bishop Laval himself as Lord of the Island of Orleans? Which amounted (on which compound) the two mills of the parish Holy Family? Can we say that the windmill was built on a concession Turcault Abel, our ancestor? Or at least he would rise close to his home since he was a miller and the balance-of Bishop Laval. Abel Turcault he was the miller from its construction in 1664? To speculate, it would have the employment contract of Abel Turcault his Lord and master. Again, it is an act that I did not. Is it?
When was built the first mill trite Island of Orleans?
The market rose after August 8, 1664 between Mr. de Lauzon, lord of Charny, and Charles Pouliot, master carpenter, answered, we believe this issue:
In front of Michel Fillion, Our Royal in New France and undersigned witnesses, were present in their persons, Me Charles de Lauzon, lord of Charny, priest, first Charles Pouliot, master carpenter, on the other hand, which partys they willingly are recognu and confessed to have made the market and agreement which follows to wit that the d. Pouliot was obliged to work and build a windmill and everything will depend on his job, iceluy Estre mill and put up in the Island of Orleans instead he appointed him to be the first sçacoir Estage of d. mill stud eight-inch thick so full that void in all directions, with floors and stairways and any proper regard to the body and inside of d. mill as were also undertakes the d. Pouliot provide at its expense and wood planks needed for fr. the wind d. mill, and the d. mill he undertakes have done and built in September of the year ... all wood necessary time and place for ... left on the site, the subject whereof d. Lord of Charny was obliged to give and pay d. Pouliot sum of one thousand pounds in cash toutnois good beaver or silver coin at the current price. For this means, etc.., Saying, etc.. Done and passed in Quebecq where remains of the sieur de Charny year one thousand six hundred sixty-four, the eighth day of August before noon in the presence of David and Jacques Estourneau Missed, as witness who signed with the partys me and notary, and led. Pouliot said not knowing nor write of this sign detained following the order. (Judicial Archives of Quebec)
Where was the windmill built by Mr. Pouliot in 1664? For us, the lordship of Charny was included in the present territory of the Holy Family. There is still an old mill in this parish - (PG Roy, 1928) - But we can not trace the origin until 1664. According to the contract received by the notary Fillion August 8, 1664. The mill that Pouliot carpenter was engaged to be built in wood. The current mill - (1628) - the Holy Family is in stone. It is not impossible, however, that the mill today - (1928) - is the site of the mill of the lord of Charny Lauzon.10.
The first act on our ancestor and Msgr. Laval that I have is the concession that he did that last June 22, 1667, the contract drafted by the notary Paul Vachon.
And the last is dated November 19, 1675. This is the order of scores between Msgr. François de Laval and Abel Turcot, the act was drafted by the notary Romain Becquet.
From November 1675 to his death on September 16, 1687 what was the timetable of Abel Turcault? It was probably dedicated to highlighting his property and to grow, is what we are suggesting the 1681 census where it says the owner of a prosperous farm with 50 acres in value and with 3 domestic service.
After her marriage, the first official act as we note from the pen of Claude Aubert, Notary Royal is an obligation to Abel Turcot Jacques Baudon, Sieur de La Grange, dated February 18, 1666.
Abel Turcault is called the Moulin Meusnier Island of Orleans and promised to pay the said sum Baudon 80 pounds payable the day of St. John Baptist next to wheat and wheat good and fair price with costs.
The 2nd notary deed dated January 31, 1667 and prepared by the notary Paul Vachon Lordships Beauport, Notre Dame and the Ile d'Orleans is a deed of Abel Turcault, Master flour, Michel Guion, Master boat carpenter, resident, citizens of Quebec.
Turcot sells a concession of 2 acres of land in front by a mile and a half deep on the St. Lawrence River to the Northwest Passage stronghold Lotinville (Map 2) with a house and barn acquired by Pierre Petit said Milhomme August 12 1662.
| Map of Île d�Orléans |
Gariepy, R., The lordships of Beaupré and the Isles of Orleans in their first historical society of Quebec, Cahiers d'histoire No. 27, p. 121. Map No. 2. Map of Guardian Angel in 1680. Our ancestor has owned a land of two acres of frontage on the river with a depth of 126 acres.
Granted September 26, 1659 to Peter Little here that sold it to Abel Turcault August 12, 1662. The latter sold in 1667. In 1680 Charles Letarte and Mathurin Huot's owners.
The sale amounted to 850 livres payable in 2 terms. The first payment will be 400 pounds and will be at the feast of St. John the Baptist, the second, 400 pounds and also due to the feast of St. Jean-Baptiste 1668. Fifty (50) books have been received before. Guion said finally give 30 pounds in tooth-pick to Mary Giroux.
On June 22, 1667 also to Paul Cachon and Attorney Notary tax Orleans Island, Msgr. Laval donated to Abel Turcot a grant of 3 acres of frontage on the river, crossing the South, the burden of establishing there to have fire and place in a year:
and cultivate the land, leaving a path of 15 feet on each side and all along the river, forced to close and there is need to grind his grain at the mill when it is built. This concession is in stone and filleteau ... At the burden of paying the rents and annual rents on the day and feast of St. Martin Winter, the eleventh capons 3 November, more alive to the said concession.
"To all those who see his Letters: Francois de Laval by the grace of God and the Holy See, Bishop of Petrea, Vicar Apostolic of New France, the king appointed the first bishop of the said country, hi; Island Orleans and the undersigned witnesses have confessed and acknowledged have given and granted, give and concede its present known as rents and seigneurial, as Lord Beaupré and Île d'Orleans, as in most part, Abel Turcot to present and accept the number of three acres of frontage on the St. Lawrence River in northern passage through the said Island of Orleans taking a side (page torn) .. . Pierre Filleteau? and on the other side of the concession ... in front on the said river St. Laurens behind on the road that crosses the said island from point to point. The said concession made to the said Abel Turcot the burden of establishing himself to be fire or other place for him in a year that day, cultivating the land and continue to happen otherwise this license null without that the said lords are forced into returning to the same concession to any damages and interest costs or even refund the costs and work there might have been, either to build or desert, over the said concession made to the said Abel Turcot means that he must pay for each year the day and feast of St. Martin in winter, the eleventh of November for each acre of land fronting on the said River St. Lawrence, the sum of twenty soil tournaments rents fail to inheritance rather chepstable twelve pence for each hundred of the said acre of land in front said the St. Lawrence River, the sum of twenty tournaments land rent lease inheritance rather racheptable twelve pence a hundred for each of the said acres of land in front only and for the said concession, three capons vivid? or thirty livres for each choice to tell the lords all payable by each year payable in lieu of feudal domain of the said lordship or other place that seems good to the said lords told him begin to tell the Paier hundred and annuities in the Next year we will have one thousand six hundred sixty eight and continue annually and always say on the census and annuity sales and referrals lods and fines when the case will be borne escherra also like to let each side of a road fifteen feet wide and far along the said river to serve as road & more to avoid trial and maintain friendship between the proponents of that place will be forced to close if it needs is otherwise he can not claim any damages from the crimes that could make cattle and its neighbors during the said lords seem fit to build a mill in the said lordship said Turcot be obliged to make its grain can grind says Turcot the said place not Pescher (Fishing ) on and vis-à-vis the concession without the will and consent of its neighbors and the sale or disposition we reserved the power to revoke this license by paying the price, fresh and fair costs, to enjoy the said grant by the said Abel Turcot him and his heirs forever ayans question fully and peacefully and do have any and that he sees fit and has since been granted foix what we signed this lease thereof made to the seal our weapons in our shrine in Quebec City this twenty-second of June one thousand six hundred and sixty September .. 11.
On March 2, 1668 in front of the notary Paul Vachon, notary of Lordships of Beauport, Notre-Dame des Anges de Beaupré and Île d'Orléans, Jean Levasseur, usher Royal sells to Abel Turcot.
Master flour and living in the Island of Orleans, a concession - (he had purchased August 17, 1658) - 4 acres of frontage on the river with a barn and a cabin located at the Northwest Passage, lordship of 'Argentenay between Vincent Chretien, carpenter and Germain and Louis Pagé; cost of 600 livres payable in 3 words including 200 pounds now and then another 200 pounds at the Feast of St. John Baptist next last 200 pounds to the party All Saints next.
On January 30, 1671 in front of Paul Vachon, Notary Royal, Paul Maudine working committed, obligated to Master Abel Turcau, miller at a mill on the Island of Orleans, for a sum of 140 pounds of goods Tournaments books for the benefit of his business need. The said Maudine promises to pay the sum due to work or pile of wood, Brull & clean the land as also obliges him to seed.
On March 13, 1671 in front of Pierre Duquet, notary, Jean Langlois sign an employment agreement with Abel Turquot.
"I do not have this document. It would have been interesting to know more intimately one of the servants of Abel Turquot and they were the obligations towards one another -
On November 6 a Judgment and decision of the Supreme Council Abel Turcot accused of having given retirement during the month of August, Renalt Chollet said Laliberté, domestic (deserter) of Sieur Saintour "
The Council has condemned and condemns said Turcot pay to the said Sieur de Saintour fifty sous per day says Chollet, since the first August until the end of last October as head of the facts of Chollet said following the said regulations, except Turcot said in his appeal against the said Cholet advise it be good, also condemns the Turcot said twenty pounds in fines and court costs.
That is how justice was exercised at the beginning of the colony.
On November 15, 1673 by Paul Vachon before Notary Royal Guard of Roy notes, there is exchange and transport concession between Abel Turcau, Master flour, resident and farmer of the farm in the Lordship of Liret and Jean Royer & Mary Buckler, living in Lordship of the Holy Family parish Liret.
| Drawing of Abel Turcault and his mill |
Abel Turcau exchange a grant of 3 acres with a cabin front and a hanger on the St. Lawrence River crossing of the South Island of Orleans - (grant received from Bishop Laval February 26, 1669) - bounded by the road that runs from south to north and Pierre Filleteau on the back by the road that runs through the middle of the Island and in front by the river, including 10 net acres, ready to receive the seed.
The ancestor and his mill: Work performed by Dominique Turcotte, age 9, Sillery, during a drawing competition for young family Turcotte from 0 to 15 years, as part of celebrations of the Turcotte family.
Jean Royer exchange concession located and Holy Family Parish located Lordship Liret, 2 acres, 1 pole 3 / 4 front on the St. Lawrence River to the Northwest Passage between Louis & Nicolas Marin Boucher paternosters one (1) acre arable and meadow, a cottage and a shed.
This last concession, though smaller, would be very advantageous for Abel Turcau because the latter undertakes to pay the said sum Royer 200 free tournaments payable in 2 equal terms, ie 100 free tournaments in the country's merchandise on the day and Christmas coming tournaments and 100 pounds the day and Christmas party that follows (1674) In addition Abel Turcau will move says Royer.
On April 5, 1674 by Pierre Duquet front, sales of Louis Marin Boucher Boisbuisson (his neighbor) to Abel Turquot.
- I did not act.
On November 9, 1674 in front of Paul Vachon, Notary Royal Guard of Roy notes, exchange between Abel Turcaud Master flour, resident and farmer of Mill & farm of the Lordship of Liret. Louys Martineau and the Holy Family parish.
Abel Turcaud exchange and carries a grant of 4 acres of frontage on the St. Lawrence River to the Northwest Passage, Lordship of Argentenay - (acquired by J. Levasseur March 2, 1668, which had received the Louis d'Aillebout August 6, 1658) - with a shabby house, a barn or shed and arable land situated between Louys Lepage and Vincent Chretien and the river in front and behind the road. Currently the Lordship of Argentenay belongs aus Ladies Reverend Mother Hospital Sisters of the Hotel Dieu de Quebec.
and Louys Martineau, a concession located and Holy Family Parish located 2 acres of frontage on the river in the Northwest Passage - (acquired by Sir Charles Lauson priest, Lord of Charny, November 20, 1660) - with a house, a cabin , a stable & tillable land.
Is this an exchange outright? This exchange would encourage Abel Turcaud because his claim is 4 acres in front of the Martineau as did two abreast.
The concession of that rubbed Martineau Turcaud and bounded on the other side by Jean Promonte and before the St. Lawrence River and back on the road.
On November 19, 1675 in front of notary Romain Becquet, there is an order of scores between Laval and Bishop Abel Turcot.
(I'm not this deed) I assume that Abel Turcault concluded his engagement as Miller and farmer Bishop Laval and thus he could devote himself fully to grow its concessions and also thinking about succession for his children began to take on the age. In 13 years Francis was married to Marguerite Ouimet
On March 7, 1677 by Pierre Duquet before, Notary, lease Farm Pierre Niel Abel Turquot.
(I'm not the act .- How concession Turquot Abel is talking about? What was the duration of the lease and how long has he done?
On July 10, 1677 in front Romain Becquet, Notaire Royal obligation Abel Turcot capita remains Island of Orleans Parish Holy Family, to Mr. Charles Noble Male Bazire attorney general accepting the sum of 2.459 pounds, 7 floors in final account;
with 2,250 pounds, 14 floors and 7 pence March 3, 1676 and served April 11, 1676, to purchase a home size in the Lordship of Argentenay, Mr. Jean Levasseur, usher,
by exchanging them with Louis Martineau, South Side (November 9, 1674)
by exchanging them with Jean Royer and paid 200 pounds Tournament (November 15, 1673)
and made the acquisition of Marin Boucher Boisbusson (April 5, 1674) of a residential size Sainte-Famille parish of 2 arpents joining possessed by 2 dwellings led. Turcot
and purchasing services 2 oxen, 3 cows and other livestock.
In payment of 3 houses on which they (Turcot) remain.
On 1 February 1680 before Pierre Duquet, sale of Pierre Niel Abel Turquot. - (Probably as a result of the lease of March 7, 1677 before the same notary)
(I'm not the act).
Abel Turcot died September 16, 1687 in Sainte-Famille de l'Ile d'Orleans, which reads the transcript of the act of burial.
National Archives of Quebec. Register of the parish of Ste-Famille. Act grave Abel Turcault.
| Burial registration |
The 17th of September MDC LXXXVII (1687) Jay Undersigned priest buried in the cemetery of this parish the body of the deceased Abel Turcot aged fifty five years or Approximately living inhabitant of this parish who died the day yesterday after receiving the Sacrament of Penance . That burial made in the presence of Jacques Bilodeau Francois frischet, & david Estourneau who reported not knowing Signer. f Lamy.
The inventory of his goods and his wife, Marie Giroult is done by the notary Paul Vachon, dated February 5, 1688.
Before died, Abel Turcault had married three oldest of his six daughters.
Through all these acts on the it was observed five different ways to write his name Turcault Turcot (the most common) Turcau, Turquot (often quite large), and Turcaud.
| Drawing of Abel and Marie Turcault working on their farm |
The Ancestor Abel farmer
Drawing made by Nancy Dallaire 102 St
Louis, Ste-Hénédine, Dorchester, PQ age 10. This drawing
was made during a drawing competition for young family Turcotte from 0
to 15 years as part of celebrations of the Turcotte family.
Abel Turcault and Marie Giroux it was the godfather and godmother to many children but never a couple times. This practice was common then, here's the list:
Name of the child Godfather Godmother
Pierre Rose Abel Marie Taupier, wife of Jacques Lugré.
Louis Moreau " Marie Buot, wife of Pierre Martin.
Louis Cochon " Marie Teste (Testu) wife of Antoine Pépin.
Jean Roger " Catherine Fièvre, wife of Jean Alère.
Jean Lehoux " Michelle Leflo, wife of Jacques Perrot.
Madeleine Ouimet " Catherine Fièvre, wife of Jean Alère.
Louis Ponsart " Marie Parentelle wife of Robert Gaignon.
Marie Roche " Marie Mesure, wife of Michel Montambault.
Abel was also witness to several marriages, namely those of:
22-10-1669 : Jean Brochu and Nicolle Saunier (with David Estourneau)
1669 : Simon Chamberland and Marie Boileau (with Benoist Ponsard)
10-11-1670 : René Cochon and Anne Langlois (with Jacques Hardy & Nic. Leblond)
end of 7-1672 : Pierre Labbé and Catherine Bénard (with François Gaulin)
Name of the child Godmother Godfather
Marie Charlan Marie Giroux Jacques Bilodeau
François Gaulin " David Asseline (Asselin)
Marthe Pallerau " ? (not indicated)
Marie Houde " François Gaulin
Marie Genest " Jean Houymet
Jean Vaillancourt " Philippe Pasquier
Robert Emond " Robert Gaignon
Mathurin Dubé " René Cochon
Martin Boulet " Martin Bauché (Bosché)
Guillaume Gauthier " Guillaume Boché (Bauché)
Marie Benoit " Claude d�Arcolière
Marie Dionne " Simon Duvergé
Pierre Mailloux " Louis Houde
In addition, November 4, 1681 she endoyé Houymet Peter (Michelle Leflo, future grandmother of Marie-Madeleine de Vercheres.) (Rene Cochon said Laverdiere)
Abel has also witnessed the marriage of his daughter Mary Christmas Charlane. He was living at the wedding of Jennifer and Frances, but I could not trace the actions of their marriages.
Death Findable?
Marriage Minute of Etienne Jacob 28-01-1706
Contract. Marriage of Louis Turguaut and Marguerite Lepage.
2 brothers: Simon and Antoine Billodeau, married 2 sisters: Anne and Genevieve Turcot.
1 brother and a sister, Madeleine Turcot and Louis were married to 1 brother and a sister, Margaret and Pierre Lepage.
Billaudeau is also spelled Billaudau and Billodeau.
Unless I am mistaken, Louis had turned 28 and not 26 to his marriage. (1678-1706)
Louis LePage, father of Margaret and Peter, occupied a lot identified by Nos.. 44 (barn) and 46 (house) at St. Francis de Sales, by the map of Robert Villeneuve.
Louis took his 2 marriages a total of 18 children, including 9 boys, which added to 6 boys Francis, has greatly contributed to many descendants of Abel.
He had acquired land about 2 miles west of Abel.
Louis LePage, father of Margaret (Louis and Pierre (Madeleine) remained at St. Francis de Sales. Map No. 44 Robert Villeneuve barn and 46 home.
François, son of Abel was born in 1663 and died in 1718 aged 55.
Marriage certificate of François Turcault
| Marriage registration |
Archives Nationales du Quebec. Register of the parish of Ste-Famille.
Paul Vachon, notary oldest document signed by Vachon is the March 24, 1658. He called in this document: Notary of the Lordship of Our Lady of the Angels. In 1659 he became a notary at the same time the lordship of Beauport. On November 10, 1667 Msgr. Laval gave letters of notary Paul Vachon for their lordships of the Beaupré and Île d'Orléans. The same month of Madame Veuve Ailleboust had appointed notary of his lordship of Argentenay. The inventory of his minutes, erected in 1732 by Attorney Verrier is in the Archives of the Province of Quebec.
Etienne Jacob succeeded in 1680 as a notary Claude Auber seigneurial de Beaupre. Also on the Island of Orleans. Informe-old, he was dismissed in 1712 (28-8).
Some dates on the family of Louis and his 2nd wife.
Catherine : Born: 12-03-1722
Basile :
Baptised: 25-09-1723
Died: 13-04-1748
Marguerite-Angélique :
Baptised: 06-03-1725
Died: 06-05-1748
Marie-Joseph (or Josephte) :
Baptised: 28-04-1727
Married: 21-01-1749
Died: ??-??-????
Jean-Baptiste : Baptised: 26-02-1729
Marie-Thérèse Raté : Married: 10-01-1752
Marie-Thècle : Baptised: 17-03-1731
Louis-Hyacinthe :
Baptised: 01-09-1732
Died: 24-02-1748
Elizabeth : Baptised: 30-04-1734
Nicolas :
Baptised: ??-??-????
Died: 31-05-1736
Jean-François : Baptised: 30-07-1737
Marie-Thérèse : Baptised: 17-04-1739
Médard (Amador) :
Baptised: 03-09-1741
1st Marriage :
Married: 14-11-1763
Madeleine Vaillancourt
2nd Marriage :
Married: 28-01-1771
Marguerite Canac-Marquis
Marriage Louis Turcot, Angélique Plante (Abstract) 20-01-1721
"Between Louis Turcot widower of deceased Marguerite Lepage and Angelique Plante deceased daughter Mary paternosters ... Presence of Charles Asselin, Francois Turcot, Jean Fillauer, Mr. Primont Gabriel Chambreland (Chamberland)
Signed: Angelique Plante
Somewhat unusual for its time, Angelique Plante signed her marriage contract. (Scripture fine and very readable)
Note the numerous deaths in 1748 and early 1749 in the family of Louis himself, his wife Angelique her children, Margaret Angelica, Basil, Louis Hyacinthe and Mary Joseph(te) (3 February) Is an outbreak or just a coincidence. I have found no chronic.
Joseph Perrot of Argentenay, who witnessed the marriage of Louis, died in 1743 at age 80.
Margaret Morin, widow of Jean-Baptiste Turcot, married second wedding François Vermette September 10, 1816 in St. Augustine.