He was born in 1820/21. [source: date: 3 (40 in 1861)]
He enlisted and was mustered into service, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 11 October 1861. He was mustered in as a private in company I. [sources: 1, 3]
He was discharged on 12 February 1863 on surgeon's certificate of disability. [sources: 1, 3]
1 Bates, Samuel Penniman. History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5. Harrisburg: B. Singerly, state printer, 1869-71. 5 volumes. 'Ninety-first regiment', volume 3, pages 186-233. (In the roster)
2 consolidated morning report, 13 February 1863
3 Civil War Veterans' Card File, available at the Pennsylvania State Archives, searched 31 March 2005 (David Wood)