maternal_mtdna

S&SMFB - FAMILY HISTORY BASED ON GENETIC DATA

II-3, MATERNAL LINE, MITOCHONDRIAL (Mt) DNA: rev 29 Oct 2013

1st ongoing study is to identify by name and location my mtDNA mothers and their families within the surname era.

mtDNA Lineage:

The following names and known locations of my (1^st Generation; 3 Children 1F-2M) mtDNA line from my mother (2^nd Generation; 3 Children 3M) are as follows.

3^rd Generation; Beatrice Jeanette CANN, b: 1889, Port Maitland, Yarmouth Co., NS - d: 1944, Boston, Suffolk Co., MA, m 1st: c1907 NS, Joseph Boyd, b:

1888, Yarmouth, Yarmouth Co., NS d: 1930 Yarmouth, Yarmouth Co. NS. Child 1F.

4^th Generation; Harriett Sophia LEWIS, b: 1856, Prob. North Range, Digby Co., m/c residing St. Mary's Bay, Digby Co., NS d: 1941 Port Maitland,

Yarmouth Co., NS, m: 1875, Deerfield, Yarmouth Co., NS, Charles William Cann, b: d/c Cedar Lake, m/c Green Cove, Yarmouth Co., NS d: 1851 Port

Maitland, Yarmouth Co., NS. 6 Children 3F-3M.

5^th Generation; Sarah CHUTE, b: June 7, 1821, Prob. Clements, Annapolis Co., NS, lived near St. Mary's Bay, NS d: 1876 Prob. North Range, Digby Co.,

NS, m 2nd 1849, Morgan Lewis, NS, 3 children by 1st m 2M-1F; 7 children by 2nd m 4F-3M.

6^th Generation; Maria GILLILAND b: c 1800, NS d: 1883 at her eldest son Isaiah's home, Salem, Essex Co., MA. m: 1819, Digby, Digby Co., NS Calvin

Chute, b. 1795, Granville, Annapolis Co., NS d: 1864, Bear River, Clements, Annapolis Co., NS. Lived on Hessian Line Road, Bear River, 13 Children 5F-

8M.

7^th Generation; Maria BURNS or Mary BARNES NS, was a widow in 1842, m1st: Joseph Gilliland, d: bef. 1843, of NS., m 2nd Frank Armstrong who m

1st Nancy Hutton.

From 'A Genealogy and History of the Chute Family in America' by Wm E. Chute, Salem, MA 1894, p63 & 64 (in part): Calvin Chute m MARIA dau of

Joseph and MARIA (BARNES) GILLILAND, by Rev. Peter Crandell, Dec 27, 1819, and lived on the Hessian Line Road -- MARIA d Aug 29, 1883 over 80

years old.

Sibyl Chute, b Oct 13, 1824 [Sister to Sarah Chute, see 5th Gen.] m Charles Ansley Armstrong, son of Frank and MARY BARNES, widow of Joseph

GILLILAND, Jan 5, 1843.

NOTE: Any information on the above families would be greatly appreciated.

2nd ongoing study is to answer three questions about my ancient ancestors –

1) Who were they? 2) When did they live? 3) Where did they migrate to and what cultural changes have taken place?

GENO 2.0 Haplogroup	Defining Mutations [1]	Age - Years Ago	Location of Origin	REMARKS GENO 2, in-part & other findings
L0 -------------- L1,2,3,4,5,6	L0 - none --------------- L1,2,3,4,5,6 C1462T T4312C T10664C C10915T A11914G G13276A C16230A	~180,000	Africa	The common direct maternal ancestor to all women alive today was born in East Africa around 180,000 years ago. Dubbed “Mitochondrial Eve” by the popular press, she represents the root of the human family tree. Eve gave rise to two descendant lineages known as L0 and L1’2’3’4’5’6, characterized by a different set of genetic mutations their members carry. Current genetic data indicates that indigenous people belonging to these groups are found exclusively in Africa. This means that, because all humans have a common female ancestor, and because the genetic data shows that Africans are the oldest groups on the planet, we know our species originated there.
L3	A769G A1018G C16311T	~70,000	East Africa	Eventually, L1’2’3’4’5’6 gave rise to L3 in East Africa. It is a similar story: an individual underwent a mutation to her mitochondrial DNA, which was passed onto her children. The children were successful, and their descendants ultimately broke away from L1’2’3’4’5’6, eventually separating into a new group called L3.
N	G8701A C9540T G10398A C10873T	~60,000	East Africa or Asia	Early members of this group lived in the eastern Mediterranean region and western Asia, where they likely coexisted for a time with other hominids such as Neanderthals. Excavations in Israel’s Kebara Cave (Mount Carmel) have unearthed Neanderthal skeletons as recent as 60,000 years old, indicating that there was both geographic and temporal overlap of these two hominids. This likely accounts for the presence of Neanderthal DNA in people living outside of Africa. Today, haplogroup N individuals who headed west are prevalent in Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean, they are found further east in parts of Central Asia and the Indus Valley of Pakistan and India. And members of your haplogroup who headed north out of the Levant across the Caucasus Mountains have remained in southeastern Europe and the Balkans. Importantly, descendants of these people eventually went on to populate the rest of Europe, and today comprise the most frequent mitochondrial lineages found there.
R	T12705C T16223C	~55,000	West Asia	After several thousand years in the Near East, individuals belonging to a new group called haplogroup R began to move out and explore the surrounding areas. Some moved south, migrating back into northern Africa. Others went west across Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and north across the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia and southern Russia. Still others headed east into the Middle East, and on to Central Asia. All of these individuals had one thing in common: they shared a female ancestor from the N clan, a recent descendant of the migration out of Africa.
U	A11467G A12308G G12372A	~47,000	West Asia	Today, this line is part of populations in Europe, West Asia (including Arabia), North Africa, India, and the North Caucasus Mountains. In Europe, this lineage averages 7 percent of the population. In Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, etc.) it is between 9 and 16 percent of the population. In England, it is about 12 percent of the population. Toward the Mediterranean, this line is between 10 and 12 percent of the population in Croatia and Greece.
U5	T3197C G9477A T13617C C16270T	~30,000	West Asia or Europe	U5 is quite restricted in its variation to Scandinavia, and particularly to Finland. This is likely the result of the significant geographical, linguistic, and cultural isolation of the Finnish populations, which would have restricted geographic distribution of this subgroup and kept it fairly isolated genetically. The Saami, reindeer hunters who follow the herds from Siberia to Scandinavia each season, have the U5 lineage at a very high frequency of around 50 percent, indicating that it may have been introduced during their movements into these northern territories. In addition to being present in some parts of North Africa, U5 individuals also live sporadically in the Near East at two percent—about one-fifth as frequent as in parts of Europe—and are completely absent from Arabia. Their distribution in the Near East is largely confined to surrounding populations, such as Turks, Kurds, Armenians, and Egyptians. Because these individuals contain lineages that first evolved in Europe, their presence in the Near East is the result of a back-migration of people who left northern Europe and headed south, as though retracing the migratory paths of their own ancestors.
U5a	A14793G C16256T	~12,689 +/- 6,290	West Asia to Europe	Some from this line traveled west to Europe while others moved north and east to South Asia. Today, this lineage has its highest frequencies in Europe: Slovenia (17 percent), Bulgaria (13 percent), and, Luxembourg (9 percent). It is present in West Asia in Lebanon (9 percent). It is a significant part of Indian maternal lineages, being about 5 percent of those lines.
U5a1	A15218G A16399G
U5a1a	T1700C
U5a1a2	573.XC/.CC C12346T			FTDNA FGS, 573.1c / 573.2C
U5a1a2b	A13105G[2]	~8300[4]	Denmark, Sweden[4]	Presented by GENO 2.0 as my terminal haplogroup. A13105G missing from GENO 2 raw data, Mthap lists 13105 as untested. FGS result is A13105G. U5a1a2b is found mostly in Denmark with one sample from Sweden.[4]
U5a1a2b1	G8269A T10326A T14278C	~3500[4]	UK[4]	GENO2 results of 23 April 2013 show T10326a as a no call, resulting in a terminal Haplogroup of U5a1a2b. **23 October 2013 FTDNA mtDNA Full Genomic Sequence (FGS) results Identify marker T10326A to be positive resulting in my mtDNA haplogroup to be U5a1a2b1. All people in this group with known ancestry are from England or the UK.[4] It is interesting that U5a1a2b1 has not yet been found in Denmark. Perhaps my U5a1a2b1 was an ancient immigrant from Denmark to England several thousand years ago. [4]
New U5a1a2b1 Haplogroup Branch's[4]	G951A G9055A			The extra mutations at 951 and 9055 are unique and form a new branch of U5a1a2b1.[4] In the U5a FGS mtDNA Project, U1a1a2b1* group, there are three, 3-step matches, two of the mutations are my 951 and 9055 with another one extra coding region mutation within the other participants FGS. This forms three currently unknown subgroups within the U5a1a2b1group. Our common ancestor would be likely to be around 3,500 years ago.[4] ** Note: I have no exact match at FTDNA or GenBank that carries these two extra mutations.

NOTES:

[1] Defining Mutations from FTDNA Full Genome Sequence (FGS) & GENO 2, mtDNA test results compared to the PhyloTree by Behar 2012b, Build 15, 30 Sept 2012. http://www.phylotree.org/

[2] Marker A13105G defining U5a1a2b is shown in FGS, rCRS Coding Regions Reference Position and not in the RSRS Coding Region.

[3] Help analyzing GENO 2.0 mtDNA raw data provided by Mthap by James Lick.

[4] Help Analyzing FTDNA mtDNA FMS data provided by Gail Tonnesen, Group Administrator of the -

a) Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup U5 General Project http://www.familytreedna.com/public/u5b/default.aspx?section=results

b) U5a FGS mtDNA Project, http://www.familytreedna.com/public/mtU5a/default.aspx?section=mtresults

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