Sarratt/Sarrett/Surratt Families of America (SFA)©

THE DARKING CLOUDS
On 18th. of May 1860, the Republicans nominate ABRAHAM LINCOLN for 
President and as Vice-President HANNIBAL HAMLIN. On 23 Jun. the Democrates 
nominate STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS and HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON. LINCOLN was elected 
on Nov. 06, 1860.

Immediately upon the election of President LINCOLN the State Legislature 
of South Carolina called a convention to meet on 17 Dec. 1860 to consider 
the question of Secession from the Federal Union. The convention 
met first a Columbia, S.C. then adjourned to Charleston, where, on 
Dec. 20, it voted unanimously for secession, issuing at the same time 
a "Declaration of Cause"  which emphasized above all the 
threat to Slavery.

South Carolina - Declaration of Cause of Secession 
Dec. 24, 1860
The people of the State of South Carolina in Convention, 
assembled, on the 2nd. April 1862, declared that "any 
frequent violations of the Constitution of the United States by 
the Federal Government, and its encroachments upon the reserved 
rights of the States, fully justified this (South Carolina) State 
in their withdrawal from the Federal Union; but in deference to 
the opinions and wishes of other Slaveholding States", she 
forbore at that time to exercise this right. Since that time 
these encroachments have continued to increase, and further 
forbearance cease to be a virtue.
And now the State of South Carolina having resumed her separate and 
equal place among nations, deems it to herself, to the remaining United 
States of America, and to the nations of the world, that she should 
declare the immediate causes which have led to this act...
South Carolina affirm that these ends for which the Federal Government 
was instituted have been defeated, and the Federal Government itself 
has been destructive of them by the action of "Non-Slaveholding" 
States. Those States have assumed the right of deciding upon the property 
of our (South Carolina) domestic institutions; and have denied the 
rights of property established in 15 of the United States and recognized 
by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution 
of Slavery; they have permitted in open establishment among them of 
societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace of and eloin 
the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged 
and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those 
who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books, and pictures, 
to servile insurrection....


THE CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE
The secession of South Carolina, brought a frantic effort to find 
some compromise which might restore the Union and avoid the danger 
of a Brother's War. The most prominent of these proposals was the 
Crittenden Compromise which provided for the extension of the Missouri 
Compromise line of 36� - 30� westward to California. This proposal 
would have opened new territory in the West to slavery. It was on 
this issue that LINCOLN, who was otherwise conciliatory, refused to 
yield. On the 22 Dec. 1860 President LINCOLN makes his opposition 
public. 

On 05 of Jan. 1861, The "Star of the West", sailed from 
New York with Federal Union men and supplies for Fort Sumter. 4 days 
later South Carolina opens gunfire on the "Star of the West" 
and prevents the ship from entering Charleston Harbor.

The following "Slaves States secedes from the Federal Union:
	09 Jan. 1861, Mississippi
	10 Jan. 1861, Florida
	11 Jan. 1861, Alabama
	19 Jan. 1861, Georgia
	26 Jan. 1861, Louisiana
	01 Feb. 1861, Texas

On 04 Feb. 1861, the above Seceded States open a Convention in Montgomery, 
Alabama. A Constitution for a provisional "Confederate Government 
is adopted on 08 Feb. 1861. On the 15 of Feb. 1861 this same Convention 
acting as the provisional Confederate Congress, passed a resolution 
to take "Fort Sumter" and "Fort Pickens" Florida, by force 
if necessary.

On 18th. of Feb. JEFFERSON DAVIS is inaugurated at Montgomery, Alabama 
as the provisional resident of the Confederacy On 06 March 1861 
the Confederacy calls for 100,000 volunteers.

CIVIL WAR
On 04 April 1861, President LINCOLN, of the Federal Union orders a 
relief expedition to Fort Sumter, it sailed from New York on the 8th. 
April. The Confederates fire on Fort Sumter the 12 of April 1861. 
Fort Sumter surrenders.... April 13th. 1861.... President LINCOLN 
calls for 75,000 men on April 15th. 1861.... the War is On.....

On 19 of April 1861, President LINCOLN proclaims a blockade of Confederate 
Ports from South Carolina to Texas. Later on 27 April he includes 
the Ports of North Carolina and Virginia. This move "forced" 
four states out of the Union. 
On 03 May 1861, President LINCOLN calls for 42,034 three-year volunteers 
and enlarges the USA regular Army and Navy. On 06 May 1861, the State 
of Arkansas joins the previous 9 states of the Confederacy.  The 
next day May 07, the State of TENNESSEE secedes from the Federal 
Union and forms an alliance with the Confederate States of America. 

On 16 May 1861 the Confederate Congress authorizes the recruiting 
of 400,000 men. On the 20 May 1861 North Carolina secedes to the 
Confederacy, while Kentucky proclaims its "Neutrality". Virginia 
on the 23 May 1861 votes overwhelmingly to join the Confederacy. West 
Virginia refused to secede and sets up a state government, which was 
recognized by the Federal Union as the "Loyal Virginia government" 
on 11 Jun. 1861.

The following are the 11 states which formed the Confederacy:
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, 
Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia.

CIVIL WAR - TENNESSEE
Hundreds of engagements were fought in the State of Tennessee. From 
a total of 145,000 Tennesseian soldiers, 30,000 fought for the Union. 
Statistic's exhibit that for the State of Tennessee alone 25 Officers 
and 441 Enlisted men died in the Civil War. 
16 Officers and 262 Enlisted men died from wounds recieved in action 
during the Civil War. 
44 Officers and 5, 192 Enlisted men died from disease, while in the 
Civil War. 
Total including causes not previously enumerated 99 Officers, 6,678 
Enlisted Men. Plus some 6,777 Men with aggregated Wounds.

There were two Armies made up of Tennessee Volunteers the 
TENNESSEE ARMY of CONFEDERATE STATES of AMERICA, (C.S.A.) under 
the Command of General BRAXTON BRAG, (C.S.A.) b. 1817-d. 1876. 
And the TENNESSEE ARMY of UNION STATES of AMERICA, (U.S.A.) under 
the Command of Lt. General U. S. GRANT, (U.S.A.) b. 1822 - d. 
1885.

CIVIL WAR - SEVIER COUNTY, TN.
CONFEDERATE (C.S.A.)
37th. (WILLIAM H. CARROLL'S) Tenn. Infantry Regiment, Company "I".
39th. (WILLIAM M. BRADFORD'S) Tenn. Infantry Regiment, Company "A"

FEDERAL UNION, (U.S.A.)
2nd. Tenn. Cavalry Regiment, Companies "B", "E", 
"I", "K" and "M".
9th. Tenn. Cavalry Regiment, Companies "K", "L, and 
"M".
2nd. Tenn. Infantry Regiment, Company "K". (William J. 
Sarrett's Unit)
6th. Tenn. Infantry Regiment, Company Various. (Co. "B", was 
Samuel H. Sarrett's Unit)
Sevier County, East Tennessee National Guard.

End on TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR INTRODUCTION.

Civil War - Index

WAR - Index

SFA - Index

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