Husband Berenguer Ramon I Count Of Barcelona 1 2
Born: 1005 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died: 26 May 1035 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 2 3
Buried: - Santa Marie, DE Ripoll, Spain
Father: Raymond III Borrel Count Of Barcelona (0972-1019) 1 3 4
Mother: Ermensinde Of Carcassonne (0975-1058) 1 4 5
Marriage: 1021
Other Spouse: Guisle D' Ampurias (Abt 1005- ) 1 3 - After 1026 - 3rd Wife
Wife Sancha Sanchez De Castile 1
Born: 1006 - Castille, Spain
Christened:
Died: 26 Jun 1026
Buried: - Santa Marie, DE Ripoll, Spain
Children
1 M Ramon Berenguer I Count Of Barcelona 1 6
Born: Between 1023 and 1024 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 6
Christened:
Died: 26 May 1076 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 6
Buried:
Husband Ramon Berenguer I Count Of Barcelona 1 6
Born: Between 1023 and 1024 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 6
Christened:
Died: 26 May 1076 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 6
Buried:
Father: Berenguer Ramon I Count Of Barcelona (1005-1035) 1 2
Mother: Sancha Sanchez De Castile (1006-1026) 1
Marriage: After 1050 - 3rd Husband
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
General Notes: Husband - Ramon Berenguer I Count Of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer I, byname RAMON BERENGUER THE ELDER, Catalan RAMON BERENGUER EL VELL (b. 1023/24--d. May 26, 1076, Barcelona? [Spain]), count of Barcelona from 1035 to 1076.
His father, Berenguer Ramon I (reigned 1018-35), divided and bequeathed his lands among his three sons; however, Sanį (or Sancho) in 1049 and Guillem (or William) in 1054 renounced their inheritances in their eldest brother's favour, thus reuniting the lands. Ramon Berenguer I also expanded his domain by securing control over the adjacent counties of Ampurias and Pallars. His most noted achievement was convoking the local Cortes (assembly) and having it deliberate on a choice of Roman and medieval laws for Catalonia. The result was the promulgation of the celebrated legal code known as the Usatges de Barcelona (1064-68). [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]
Husband Raymond II Borrell Count Of Barcelona 1 7
Born: Abt 926 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died: 30 Sep 992
Buried:
Father: Sunifred Count Of Besalu & Urgel (Abt 0882-0948) 1
Mother: Richilde De Rouergue (Abt 0892-After 0954) 1
Marriage: 968
Wife Ledgarde De Rouergue 1 7
AKA: Luitgarde Of Toulouse
Born: 952 - Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrenees, France
Christened:
Died: After 997
Buried:
Father: Raymond II Comte De Rouergue (Abt 0905-0961) 1 7
Mother: Bertha Of Tuscany (Abt 0925- ) 1 7 8
Children
1 M Raymond III Borrel Count Of Barcelona 1 3 4
Born: 972 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died: 25 Feb 1019 3
Buried:
Spouse: Ermensinde Of Carcassonne (0975-1058) 1 4 5
Marr: 20 Jan 992
2 M Armengol (Ermengaud) I Count Of Urgel 1
Born: Abt 975 - Urgel, Lerida, Spain
Christened:
Died: 1 Sep 1010 - Cordoba, Spain
Buried:
General Notes: Wife - Ledgarde De Rouergue
The following excerpt from a post to SGM, 25 Oct 1999, by Todd Farmerie, gives a potential ancestry for Luitgarde:
From: Todd A. Farmerie (taf2 AT po.cwru.edu)
Subject: New article on Toulouse, Rouergue, Comminges, and Carcassonne
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 1999/10/25
Finally, in this chart an additional relationship is proposed which would provide Carolingian ancestry to the Counts of Barcelona. Among the children of Raymond, Count of Rouergue are two by his third wife, Bertha of Italy. In additon to Raymond II, who followed his father in Rouergue, is Ledgarde, wife of Borrell II, Count of Barcelona. Bertha, widow of Boso and mother-in-law of Berenger II, King of Italy, was a descendant of Lothar II, grandson of Louis the Pious. It should be pointed out, however, that the succeeding article in the same edition of the Annales de Midi, which addresses various women connected with the Counts of Barcelona, suggests a completely different ancestry for Ledgarde. If I have time, I will briefly summarize the information from the latter article later in the week.
taf
Note: I have Bertha as sister of Berenger II King of Italy's wife, Willa of Tuscany. The dates seem to support that over Todd's statement above.
Husband Raymond III Borrel Count Of Barcelona 1 3 4
Born: 972 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died: 25 Feb 1019 3
Buried:
Father: Raymond II Borrell Count Of Barcelona (Abt 0926-0992) 1 7
Mother: Ledgarde De Rouergue (0952-After 0997) 1 7
Marriage: 20 Jan 992
Wife Ermensinde Of Carcassonne 1 4 5
Born: 975 - Carcassonne, Aude, Languedoc, France
Christened:
Died: 1 Mar 1058
Buried:
Father: Roger I Count Of Carcassonne (Abt 0945-1012) 1
Mother: Adelaide De Melgueil (Abt 0953-Abt 1011) 1 9
Children
1 M Berenguer Ramon I Count Of Barcelona 1 2
Born: 1005 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died: 26 May 1035 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 2 3
Buried: - Santa Marie, DE Ripoll, Spain
Spouse: Sancha Sanchez De Castile (1006-1026) 1
Marr: 1021
Spouse: Guisle D' Ampurias (Abt 1005- ) 1 3
Marr: After 1026 - 3rd Wife
2 F Stephanie (Adelaide) De Barcelona 1 4 5 10
Born: Abt 1015 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Roger II "The Spaniard" Conches De Toeni (Abt 0990-Between 1038/1039) 1 10 11
Marr: 1st Husband 10
Husband Henry Of Burgundy 1 12 13
Born: 1035 - Dijon, , Bourgogne, France 13
Christened:
Died: Abt 27 Jan 1074 3 13
Buried:
Father: Robert I "The Old" Capet, Duke of Burgundy (Abt 1011-1076) 1 14 15
Mother: Helie (Ella) De Semur (1016-After 1055) 1 15 16
Marriage: 1056 13 17
Wife Sibylle Of Barcelona 1 12 18
Born: 1035 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain 18
Christened:
Died: After 6 Jul 1074 18
Buried:
Father: Berenguer Ramon I Count Of Barcelona (1005-1035) 1 2
Mother: Guisle D' Ampurias (Abt 1005- ) 1 3
Children
1 M Eudes I Borel Duke Of Burgundy 1 19 20
AKA: Eudes I Borel Duke Of Burgundy
Born: 1058 - Dijon, , Bourgogne, France
Christened:
Died: 23 Mar 1103 - Tarsus, Cilicia 21
Buried:
Spouse: Maud (Matilda) Of Burgundy (1065- ) 1 19
Marr: 1080
2 M Henry II Count Of Portugal 1 22
Born: 1069 - Dijon, , Bourgogne, France 22
Christened:
Died: 1 Nov 1112 22
Buried:
3 F Beatrix De Burgundy 1 23
Born: Abt 1072 - Dijon, , Bourgogne, France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Husband Roger II "The Spaniard" Conches De Toeni 1 10 11
AKA: Roger De Todeni Lord Of Guerny
Born: Abt 990 - Tosni, Louviers, Eure, Normandy, France 10 11
Christened:
Died: Between 1038 and 1039 - In Battle With Neighbor Against Succession Of William I 10 11
Buried:
Marriage: - 1st Husband 10
Other Spouse: Godheut (Abt 1010-After 1077) 1 10 24 - Bef 1025 - 1st Husband 2ND Wife 10 24
Wife Stephanie (Adelaide) De Barcelona 1 4 5 10
Born: Abt 1015 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Raymond III Borrel Count Of Barcelona (0972-1019) 1 3 4
Mother: Ermensinde Of Carcassonne (0975-1058) 1 4 5
Children
General Notes: Husband - Roger II "The Spaniard" Conches De Toeni
Note: Roger Toeni's 1st wife, Stephanie, is questioned by some; especially her 2nd marriage to Garcias of Spain while Toeni was still alive. I agree that it does not make much sense. However
-------------------------------
Roger de Toeni, also called Roger de Conches; fought Muslims in Spain; married 1st? Stephanie (m. 2nd Garsias, King of Spain) sister of Raymond Berenger, Count of Barcelona; married 2nd? Godeheut (m. 2nd Richard, 3rd Count of Evreux), and died 1038 or 1039 in battle against a neighboring noble whose territory he had overrun in a revolt against the succession of William I the Conqueror to his father's Norman possessions on the grounds that William was illegitimate. [Burke's Peerage]
Note: According to BP, Roger married two different women as 1st husband, both married later husbands. There is no explanation given. Did the first marriage end in divorce? As stated above, I am treating the women as the same person.
------------------------------
ROGER DE TOENI I, styled also DE CONCHES, son and heir, was born probably about 990, for as stated above he was joined with his father in the custody of the castle of Tilličres in 1013 or 1014. He was a powerful and haughty man, and banner-bearer of all Normandy. In 1031 or 1032 he attested a charter of Robert I for St. Wandrille. About 1035 he founded the abbey of Chatillon or Conches. While Duke Robert was away on pilgrimage, he went to Spain and distinguished himself in fighting the infidels (b). When he returned to Normandy, he was furious to learn that the boy William had succeeded his father in the Duchy, declaring that a bastard ought not to rule over him and other Normans. Accordingly he rebelled and ravaged the lands of his neighbours, particularly those of Humphrey de Vieilles; whose son Roger de Beaumont marched against him, and in the battle which followed Roger de Toeni and two of his sons were slain. He was a benefactor to the abbey of I'Estrée and confirmed a gift to the abbey of Lire, and witnessed a charter for Jumičges. He married, perhaps 2ndly,[g] Godeheut, whose parentage is unknown. He died as above, probably in 1038 or 1039, and was buried 1 May at Conches. His widow married Richard, 3rd COUNT OF EVREUX. She was a benefactor to Conches. [Complete Peerage XII/1:755-7, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
(b) Will. de Jumieges, p. 157---by Orderic. In consequence he was styled sometimes Roger of Spain (Orderic, vol i, p. 180; vol iii, p. 338), or Roger the Spaniard (Idem, vol ii, p. 64). However, if the Roger, son of Count Rodulf (cf, p. 755, note "a" above), who according to the Sens Chron. led an army from Normandy to Spain, can be identified with Roger de Toeni, he is said to have gone there at a much earlier date; and after defeating the Saracens, is said to have married a Spanish woman and lived there for 15 years. Then owing to the treachery of the natives he lost most of his men and, leaving his wife in Spain, he returned to Normandy; where he made a concord with Duke Richard, who was displeased at the loss of his army. Afterwards Roger was killed, fighting against a certain neighbor (Rec. des Hist. de France, vol x, p. 223). This Roger's feats in Spain are recorded also by Ademar, who calls him simply Roger, and does not say how long he stayed there (Idem, p. 156). No other Norman than Roger de Toeni seems to be known, who could be identified with the hero of these stories. Cf. Prentout, op. cit., p. 86. See also p. 755, note (a) above and note (g) below. See "Tony of Belvoir", Charles Evans, "Geneal. Mag.", vol 15, 1968, pp. 616-18. [last sentence, referencing Charles Evans, added by CP XIV:613]
[g] Roger, son of Count Rodulf (see note "b" above), married, in Spain, Stephanie, sister of Raymond Berenger; which lady afterwards m. Garsias, King of Spain (Rec. des Hist. de France, vol x, p. 223). This agrees with the statement of Ademar, that he m. a da. (unnamed) of the widowed Ermensede, Countess of Barcelona ((Idem, p. 156), the mother of Raymond abovenamed. If this Roger were Roger de Toeni, he married Godeheut while his 1st wife was alive, and Stephanie m. Garsias III, King of Navarre, while Roger was living.
Note: The note "a", p. 755, referred to above is under Roger's father, Ralph.
General Notes: Wife - Stephanie (Adelaide) De Barcelona
[g] Roger, son of Count Rodulf married, in Spain, Stephanie, sister of Raymond Berenger; which lady afterwards m. Garsias, King of Spain. This agrees with the statement of Ademar, that he m. a da. (unnamed) of the widowed Ermensede, Countess of Barcelona, the mother of Raymond abovenamed. If this Roger were Roger de Toeni, he married Godeheut while his 1st wife was alive, and Stephanie m. Garsias III, King of Navarre, while Roger was living. [Complete Peerage XII/1:756 note (g)]
---------------------------------
Note: Roger Toeni's 1st wife, Stephanie, is questioned by some; especially her 2nd marriage to Garcias of Spain while Toeni was still alive. I agree that it does not make much sense. However, Roger was fighting battles in Spain and could have "married" a Spanish lady whom he later "divorced" when he returned to Normandy. It has been speculated that Stephanie was mother of Robert de Toeni of Belvoir (as opposed to the younger son Robert de Stafford) and of a Berenger de Toeni, whose ancestry is not known, but is likely (especially with the name) to be a son of Roger & Stephanie.
--------------------------------
Following copied from a post by Bryant Smith to the soc.genealogy.medieval newgroup, which supports my take on Garcia's wife:
From: Bryant Smith (skip31 AT racsa.co.cr)
Subject: STEPHANIE OF BARCELONA AND HER FOURFATHERS
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2001-12-12 09:14:14 PST
"Success has a thousand fathers but failure is an orphan" (JFK, misquoting Count Galeazzo Ciano's "Victory finds a thousand fathers but defeat is always an orphan") and by that measure Estafania was moderately successful, for she has found at least four fathers. These four alternative fathers, with samples of their sponsors, are:
1. Bernard-Roger de Foix. Said by TAF to be the "traditional" one, and found as such in ES and, probably based on that, in Brian Tomsett's database, in the Theroff text files, in the Roglo database, and elsewhere. As recently as July 14, 1999, TAF was able to write "... all Iberian works with which I am familiar (and as recent as 1996) are united in calling the Queen of Navarre the daughter, not of Ramon Borrel and Ermesende, but of her brother Bernard, Count of Bigorre, and sister of the Queen of Aragon." This is vintage TAF obscurantism, but becomes clear when you read "Queen of Navarre" as Sephanie the wife of Garcia IV/V Sanchez of Navarre and "Queen of Aragon" as Gerberge, undoubted daughter of Bernard-Roger and wife of Ramiro I Sanchez of Aragon,
2. Ramon I Borel of Barcelona, husband of the Ermesinda rejected by all Iberian works with which TAF was familiar in mid-1999. This past December 8 TAF wrote that the Roger-Bernard paternity "is based on a late source, and a more contemporary one calls her daughter of the Countess Ermesende. (This Catalonian variant has only become popular within the last several years.)" Tempora mutantur et nos in eis mutamur?
3. Ramon Berenguer I of Barcelona, grandson son of Ramon I Borel and Ermesinda. Keats-Rohan is said to have called him the father of Stephanie in K S B Keats-Rohan *Domesday People: A Prosopography of Persons occurring in English Documents,1066-1166* (The Boydell Press: Woodbridge, 1999), according to Richard Borthwick who said in this NG, January 14 1999 (in an annotated AT of William (II) d' Aubigny of Belvoir) that "The wife of Roger was Estefania/Stephanie (not Adelaide) sister of Ramon Berenguer I and not his daughter as claimed by Keats-Rohan."
4. Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona, son of #2 and father of #3. This is Borthwick's horse and is, incidentally, also backed by a pre-1996 Iberian work with which TAF was evidentally unfamiliar in 1999, even though it had been mentioned in this NG on 19 January 1997 by Valerio P. Lucchinetti: "According to Diccionario de Historia de Espana, dir.by German Bleiberg, Madrid 1979, Queen Estefania, wife of King Garcia IV of Navarre (k.a.Atapuerca 1054) was the dau. of Ct Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona and she married King Garcia in Barcelona in 1038."
It is striking that three generations of the counts of Barcelona find places at the starting gate. Perhaps for want of reliable dates of births and marriages (death dates are fairly well-established but not dispositive of the issue), there is no apparent chronological impossibility to lay against any of the runners. Bernard de Foix, as a brother of Ermesinda, must have been roughly contemporary with her and with her husband Ramon I Borel. Since historians and genealogists were evidently comfortable with Bernard until quite recently, it must be supposed that the chronology raised no eyebrows, and hence we could say that Ramon Borel should be equally welcome on any chronological grounds, and that in some sense a burden of persuasion increases as we drag Stephanie forward in time from that generation's children.
It would be nice to know more about the "more contemporary" source TAF mentions which calls Stephanie the daughter of Ermesinde; however I suppose it is not conclusive, otherwise TAF would not have treated Bernard-Roger de Foix as still in the race, as he recently did, as we shall see in a moment.
Maria Emma Escobar has given us a priceless document in Stephanie's will. She posted it as definitive of the children of Stephanie but in the present context it is the names themselves that are of crucial importance, for as TAF has elaborated, the heirs all appear to be namesakes of fairly near relations of Stephanie or of Garcia. The will mentions eight children, six of them having names found among the relations of Garcia. Here is what TAF found, converting the relation-labels' referents from the children to Garcia:
Sancho - Garcia's father
Mayor - Garcia's mother
Ramiro - Garcia's brother
Fernando - Garcia's brother
Jimena - Garcia's sister (or his paternal grandmother)
Urraca - Garcia's maternal grandmother
The other two legatees were named Ermesinda and Raymond/Ramon (lit. Regummendo), and they seem to be related to Stephanie rather than Garcia, but the relationship depends on who her father was.
The first and most appealing case is that they were her own mother and father. This would balance the inclusion of Garcia's parents in the name-list of the will. If instead her father was Berenguer Ramon I, then they would be her father (or paternal grandfather) and her paternal grandmother. If her father was Ramon Berenguer, then they would be her great-grand parents on the paternal-paternal side, but in this case the same Urraca who was Garcia's maternal grandmother would also be Stephanie's maternal grandmother.
Finally, if Stephanie's father was Bernard-Roger de Foix: Ermesinda would appear as Stephanie's paternal aunt and Raymond as her paternal uncle. (TAF discusses and summarizes in this NG on 16 July 1998, Stasser, Thierry, Autour de Roger de Vieux: les alliances matrimoniales des comtes de Carcassonne, Annales du Midi, 108:165-187, wherein, according to TAF's summary, Bernard is shownto have had siblings: Arsinde m. William, Count of Beziers; Ermessinde; Raymond; Peter; and a sister m. William Amelius.)
On the basis of finding a Raymond among the siblings of Bernard and Ermessinde, TAF suggests that the roster of legatees in Stephanie's will "tends to slightly favor the placement of Estefania as daughter of Raymond Borrell and Ermesenda. However, not strongly, because the Foix alternative would make Raymond named for paternal uncle and Ermesenda for paternal aunt. Still, I would have expected to see the grandparents' names."
I think the case is much more emphatic than that, that the absence of Bernard-Roger's parents' names (Roger, Adelaide) is not just unexpected but downright telling, especially where one of the alternatives offers her parents' names, another those of her grand-parents, and a third those of her great-grand-parents.
Her husband's siblings were included in the honors list but none of his aunts or uncles. If Stephanie was the daughter of de Foix she had at least four siblings -- Bernard, Gerberge, Clemence, Pierre -- who would have had stature exactly equal to the siblings of Garcia but none of whose names she appears to have given to any of her children.
Some caution may be called for in drawing conclusions from the names in Stephanie's will; I may be reading too much into her choices of names for her children (if it was she who made the choices). But to the extent that the "Garcia side" of the will shows six namesakes closely related to him, the hobgoblin of small minds would call, along with TAF, for a consistency on Stephanie's side.
Finally, when she married Garcia, King of Navarre, she did so, not in Navarre and not in France but in Barcelona. Or at least so says the Diccionario de Historia de Espana, anyway that's what Valerio P. Lucchinetti said it says. A Barcelona wedding would make sense for a daughter of a Count of Barcelona, but would seem a strange venue for a daughter of a count of Bigorre, Foix or Commignes.
The paternity of Stephanie appears to me to be a good occasion for balancing the desire to put a name in a blank space in a pedigree against the desire to learn and take advantage of the educated opinions of experts who do not agree unanimously. In recent discussions here of that issue I took the position that using the software's capacity to allow for multiple parents was better than "NN" or "Unknown" with a note showing the alternatives, because there is a qualitative difference between "totally unknown [we haven't a clue]" and "subject of discussion." I received several useful suggestions for which I am grateful, but my solution will be to enter my choice of most likely parents (Ramon Borel and Ermesinda) as "preferred" parents with "natural" filiation, and to tack on the other sets of possible parents with "unknown" filiations, with appropriate notes on all the alternative parents. In this way the pedigrees (as far as I have them) of all of them will be not only preserved in the database but will not be unattached fragments, and if ever the balance educated opinions of experts changes it will be relatively easy to change the filiations, and in the meantime to give further attention to the implications of the alternatives by simply changing temporarily the "preferred" set of parents.
Saludos
Bryant Smith
Playa Palo Seco
Costa RicaStephanie (m. 2nd Garsias, King of Spain) sister of Raymond Berenger, Count of Barcelona. [Burke's Peerage]
Husband
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Stephanie (Adelaide) De Barcelona 1 4 5 10
Born: Abt 1015 - Barcelona, , Cataluņa, Spain
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Raymond III Borrel Count Of Barcelona (0972-1019) 1 3 4
Mother: Ermensinde Of Carcassonne (0975-1058) 1 4 5
Other Spouse: Roger II "The Spaniard" Conches De Toeni (Abt 0990-Between 1038/1039) 1 10 11 - 1st Husband 10
Children
General Notes: Wife - Stephanie (Adelaide) De Barcelona
[g] Roger, son of Count Rodulf married, in Spain, Stephanie, sister of Raymond Berenger; which lady afterwards m. Garsias, King of Spain. This agrees with the statement of Ademar, that he m. a da. (unnamed) of the widowed Ermensede, Countess of Barcelona, the mother of Raymond abovenamed. If this Roger were Roger de Toeni, he married Godeheut while his 1st wife was alive, and Stephanie m. Garsias III, King of Navarre, while Roger was living. [Complete Peerage XII/1:756 note (g)]
---------------------------------
Note: Roger Toeni's 1st wife, Stephanie, is questioned by some; especially her 2nd marriage to Garcias of Spain while Toeni was still alive. I agree that it does not make much sense. However, Roger was fighting battles in Spain and could have "married" a Spanish lady whom he later "divorced" when he returned to Normandy. It has been speculated that Stephanie was mother of Robert de Toeni of Belvoir (as opposed to the younger son Robert de Stafford) and of a Berenger de Toeni, whose ancestry is not known, but is likely (especially with the name) to be a son of Roger & Stephanie.
--------------------------------
Following copied from a post by Bryant Smith to the soc.genealogy.medieval newgroup, which supports my take on Garcia's wife:
From: Bryant Smith (skip31 AT racsa.co.cr)
Subject: STEPHANIE OF BARCELONA AND HER FOURFATHERS
Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.medieval
Date: 2001-12-12 09:14:14 PST
"Success has a thousand fathers but failure is an orphan" (JFK, misquoting Count Galeazzo Ciano's "Victory finds a thousand fathers but defeat is always an orphan") and by that measure Estafania was moderately successful, for she has found at least four fathers. These four alternative fathers, with samples of their sponsors, are:
1. Bernard-Roger de Foix. Said by TAF to be the "traditional" one, and found as such in ES and, probably based on that, in Brian Tomsett's database, in the Theroff text files, in the Roglo database, and elsewhere. As recently as July 14, 1999, TAF was able to write "... all Iberian works with which I am familiar (and as recent as 1996) are united in calling the Queen of Navarre the daughter, not of Ramon Borrel and Ermesende, but of her brother Bernard, Count of Bigorre, and sister of the Queen of Aragon." This is vintage TAF obscurantism, but becomes clear when you read "Queen of Navarre" as Sephanie the wife of Garcia IV/V Sanchez of Navarre and "Queen of Aragon" as Gerberge, undoubted daughter of Bernard-Roger and wife of Ramiro I Sanchez of Aragon,
2. Ramon I Borel of Barcelona, husband of the Ermesinda rejected by all Iberian works with which TAF was familiar in mid-1999. This past December 8 TAF wrote that the Roger-Bernard paternity "is based on a late source, and a more contemporary one calls her daughter of the Countess Ermesende. (This Catalonian variant has only become popular within the last several years.)" Tempora mutantur et nos in eis mutamur?
3. Ramon Berenguer I of Barcelona, grandson son of Ramon I Borel and Ermesinda. Keats-Rohan is said to have called him the father of Stephanie in K S B Keats-Rohan *Domesday People: A Prosopography of Persons occurring in English Documents,1066-1166* (The Boydell Press: Woodbridge, 1999), according to Richard Borthwick who said in this NG, January 14 1999 (in an annotated AT of William (II) d' Aubigny of Belvoir) that "The wife of Roger was Estefania/Stephanie (not Adelaide) sister of Ramon Berenguer I and not his daughter as claimed by Keats-Rohan."
4. Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona, son of #2 and father of #3. This is Borthwick's horse and is, incidentally, also backed by a pre-1996 Iberian work with which TAF was evidentally unfamiliar in 1999, even though it had been mentioned in this NG on 19 January 1997 by Valerio P. Lucchinetti: "According to Diccionario de Historia de Espana, dir.by German Bleiberg, Madrid 1979, Queen Estefania, wife of King Garcia IV of Navarre (k.a.Atapuerca 1054) was the dau. of Ct Berenguer Ramon I of Barcelona and she married King Garcia in Barcelona in 1038."
It is striking that three generations of the counts of Barcelona find places at the starting gate. Perhaps for want of reliable dates of births and marriages (death dates are fairly well-established but not dispositive of the issue), there is no apparent chronological impossibility to lay against any of the runners. Bernard de Foix, as a brother of Ermesinda, must have been roughly contemporary with her and with her husband Ramon I Borel. Since historians and genealogists were evidently comfortable with Bernard until quite recently, it must be supposed that the chronology raised no eyebrows, and hence we could say that Ramon Borel should be equally welcome on any chronological grounds, and that in some sense a burden of persuasion increases as we drag Stephanie forward in time from that generation's children.
It would be nice to know more about the "more contemporary" source TAF mentions which calls Stephanie the daughter of Ermesinde; however I suppose it is not conclusive, otherwise TAF would not have treated Bernard-Roger de Foix as still in the race, as he recently did, as we shall see in a moment.
Maria Emma Escobar has given us a priceless document in Stephanie's will. She posted it as definitive of the children of Stephanie but in the present context it is the names themselves that are of crucial importance, for as TAF has elaborated, the heirs all appear to be namesakes of fairly near relations of Stephanie or of Garcia. The will mentions eight children, six of them having names found among the relations of Garcia. Here is what TAF found, converting the relation-labels' referents from the children to Garcia:
Sancho - Garcia's father
Mayor - Garcia's mother
Ramiro - Garcia's brother
Fernando - Garcia's brother
Jimena - Garcia's sister (or his paternal grandmother)
Urraca - Garcia's maternal grandmother
The other two legatees were named Ermesinda and Raymond/Ramon (lit. Regummendo), and they seem to be related to Stephanie rather than Garcia, but the relationship depends on who her father was.
The first and most appealing case is that they were her own mother and father. This would balance the inclusion of Garcia's parents in the name-list of the will. If instead her father was Berenguer Ramon I, then they would be her father (or paternal grandfather) and her paternal grandmother. If her father was Ramon Berenguer, then they would be her great-grand parents on the paternal-paternal side, but in this case the same Urraca who was Garcia's maternal grandmother would also be Stephanie's maternal grandmother.
Finally, if Stephanie's father was Bernard-Roger de Foix: Ermesinda would appear as Stephanie's paternal aunt and Raymond as her paternal uncle. (TAF discusses and summarizes in this NG on 16 July 1998, Stasser, Thierry, Autour de Roger de Vieux: les alliances matrimoniales des comtes de Carcassonne, Annales du Midi, 108:165-187, wherein, according to TAF's summary, Bernard is shownto have had siblings: Arsinde m. William, Count of Beziers; Ermessinde; Raymond; Peter; and a sister m. William Amelius.)
On the basis of finding a Raymond among the siblings of Bernard and Ermessinde, TAF suggests that the roster of legatees in Stephanie's will "tends to slightly favor the placement of Estefania as daughter of Raymond Borrell and Ermesenda. However, not strongly, because the Foix alternative would make Raymond named for paternal uncle and Ermesenda for paternal aunt. Still, I would have expected to see the grandparents' names."
I think the case is much more emphatic than that, that the absence of Bernard-Roger's parents' names (Roger, Adelaide) is not just unexpected but downright telling, especially where one of the alternatives offers her parents' names, another those of her grand-parents, and a third those of her great-grand-parents.
Her husband's siblings were included in the honors list but none of his aunts or uncles. If Stephanie was the daughter of de Foix she had at least four siblings -- Bernard, Gerberge, Clemence, Pierre -- who would have had stature exactly equal to the siblings of Garcia but none of whose names she appears to have given to any of her children.
Some caution may be called for in drawing conclusions from the names in Stephanie's will; I may be reading too much into her choices of names for her children (if it was she who made the choices). But to the extent that the "Garcia side" of the will shows six namesakes closely related to him, the hobgoblin of small minds would call, along with TAF, for a consistency on Stephanie's side.
Finally, when she married Garcia, King of Navarre, she did so, not in Navarre and not in France but in Barcelona. Or at least so says the Diccionario de Historia de Espana, anyway that's what Valerio P. Lucchinetti said it says. A Barcelona wedding would make sense for a daughter of a Count of Barcelona, but would seem a strange venue for a daughter of a count of Bigorre, Foix or Commignes.
The paternity of Stephanie appears to me to be a good occasion for balancing the desire to put a name in a blank space in a pedigree against the desire to learn and take advantage of the educated opinions of experts who do not agree unanimously. In recent discussions here of that issue I took the position that using the software's capacity to allow for multiple parents was better than "NN" or "Unknown" with a note showing the alternatives, because there is a qualitative difference between "totally unknown [we haven't a clue]" and "subject of discussion." I received several useful suggestions for which I am grateful, but my solution will be to enter my choice of most likely parents (Ramon Borel and Ermesinda) as "preferred" parents with "natural" filiation, and to tack on the other sets of possible parents with "unknown" filiations, with appropriate notes on all the alternative parents. In this way the pedigrees (as far as I have them) of all of them will be not only preserved in the database but will not be unattached fragments, and if ever the balance educated opinions of experts changes it will be relatively easy to change the filiations, and in the meantime to give further attention to the implications of the alternatives by simply changing temporarily the "preferred" set of parents.
Saludos
Bryant Smith
Playa Palo Seco
Costa RicaStephanie (m. 2nd Garsias, King of Spain) sister of Raymond Berenger, Count of Barcelona. [Burke's Peerage]
Husband Doun Bardolf
Born: Abt 1177 - Shelford, England
Christened:
Died: 1205 - Wormegay, Downham, Norfolk, England
Buried:
Father: Thomas Bardolf I (Abt 1147- )
Mother: Rose De Hanselin (Abt 1147- )
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
General Notes: Husband - Doun Bardolf
Doun Bardolf, marrying Beatrix, dau. and heiress of William de Warren, acquired by her the Barony of Wirmegay, in the county of Norfolk. He d. in 1209, leaving his widow Beatrix surviving, who gave 3100 marks to the king for livery of her
father's lands and a reasonable dowry from the lands belonging to her husband, as also that she might not be compelled to marry again, contrary to her inclination. Doun Bardolf was s. by his son, William Bardolf. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant,
Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 22, Bardolf, Barons Bardolf]
Husband Hugh Bardolf
Born: Abt 1150
Christened:
Died: Abt 1176
Buried:
Father: William Bardolf (1102-1174)
Mother: Amabilia Limesay (1130- )
Marriage:
Wife Isabel de Condet
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Isolda de Bardolph
Born: 1182
Christened:
Died: 1246
Buried:
Spouse: Sir Knight Henry de Gray (Between 1168/1184-After 1224)
Marr: Abt 1199
2 M Robert Bardolph
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 F Beatrice Bardolph
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Juliana Bardolph
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
Husband Hugo Bardolf
Born: Abt 1122 - Ravensworth, Richmond, North Riding Yorkshire, England
Christened:
Died: After 1174 - Great Carlton, Louth, Lincolnshire, England
Buried:
Father: Akaris FitzBardolf (Abt 1080-1161)
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children