Mother: Judith BONNEAU |
_Nicholas BOCHET ______________ | (.... - 1733) _Henry BOCHET ____________________| | (.... - 1780) m 1746 | | |_Marianne VIDEAU ______________+ | (1693 - ....) _Henry BOCHET II_____| | (1749 - ....) m 1772| | | _______________________________ | | | | |_Ann JENNINGS ____________________| | (.... - 1764) m 1746 | | |_______________________________ | | |--Mikell BOCHET | (1775 - 1825) | _______________________________ | | | _Anthoine BONNEAU "the Immigrant"_| | | (1680 - ....) m 1702 | | | |_______________________________ | | |_Judith BONNEAU _____| m 1772 | | _Pierre VIDEAU "the Immigrant"_ | | (1668 - ....) |_Jeanne Elizabeth VIDEAU _________| (1685 - 1721) m 1702 | |_______________________________
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Mother: Elizabeth HUDSON |
CLAY, Henry, statesman, was born in Hanover county, Va., April
12, 1777; son of the Rev. John and Elizabeth (Hudson) Clay, and
fourth in descent from Thomas Clay, who, with his brothers
Charles and Henry, immigrated to America with Sir Walter Raleigh
and settled on the James river.
His father was a Baptist preacher who died in 1781. His mother
was a daughter of George Hudson, a man of considerable repute in
Virginia, and when she was left a widow with no income, save
what could be earned from the cultivation of a small farm, she
set out to support and educate her son, sending him to the
district school and encouraging him to industry in laboring on
the farm and contributing as he could to their support. The
neighborhood in which they lived was known as "The Slashes," and
the boy's journeying to and from the mill on horseback with corn
to be ground into flour, gave him his subsequent sobriquet, "The
millboy of the Slashes."
His mother was married to Captain Henry Watkins of Richmond and
removed to Kentucky about 1792. The stepfather had previously
secured for Henry a situation in a store in Richmond, Va., but
before leaving the boy dependent upon his own resources found
for him more congenial employment in the office of the clerk of
the high court of chancery, then filled by Peter Tinsley. The
attention of Chancellor Wythe was attracted to the boy and he
made him his private secretary and directed his efforts toward
improving his education. His progress was rapid and in 1796 he
entered, as a law student, the office of Robert Brooke,
attorney-general of Virginia. Upon being admitted to practice in
1797, by the Virginia court of appeals, he removed to Lexington,
Ky., in November, where he opened a law office and continued a
practice of debating, begun in Richmond, by joining a class of
the young barristers of Lexington, of which club he soon became
the acknowledged leader. His law practice included capital
criminal cases and numerous land claim suits. His eloquence
directed public attention to him as an available political
leader, and his advocacy of gradual emancipation as a feature of
the proposed state constitution, and his denunciation of the
alien and sedition laws commanded immediate attention.
He was married in April, 1799, to Lucretia, daughter of Col.
Thomas Hart, a prominent Kentuckian, and made for himself a home
on 600 acres of land near Lexington, thereafter known as
"Ashland." His fortune grew with his popularity as a lawyer and
advocate, and in 1803 he was elected a member of the lower house
of the state legislature, where his eloquence attracted general
attention, it being said that when Clay spoke in the house the
senate became empty. He further distinguished himself by
fighting a duel with Colonel [p.244] Davies, U.S. attorney for
Kentucky.
In 1806 Aaron Burr was arrested in Kentucky and employed Mr.
Clay to defend him before the courts, which Clay did so
effectually as to secure his release. This, however, brought no
credit to the young barrister and he afterward acknowledged his
mistake, claiming to have supposed Burr a persecuted and
innocent man, at the time he undertook his defence.
In December, 1806, upon the resignation of John Adair as U.S.
senator, Mr. Clay was appointed to fill the unexpired term, and
took his seat in the senate December 29, although
constitutionally ineligible by reason of nonage. He became
prominent in debate, in the committee rooms, and as the champion
of important legislative measures. His two months in the senate
demonstrated his ability as a statesman, and his advocacy of
internal improvements, especially of a bridge across the Potomac
at Washington, and a canal around the falls of the Ohio at
Louisville, made for him many friends. Upon his return home
after March 3, 1807, he was returned to the state legislature
and elected speaker of the house. When a bill was introduced to
prohibit the use of British decisions and jurisprudence
authorities in the Kentucky courts, he defeated the act, and in
the same legislature defended the embargo measures of President
Jefferson. He also introduced a measure forbidding legislators
to wear any clothes not the product of domestic manufactures.
The debate on this measure led to a duel with Humphrey Marshall,
in which both combatants were slightly wounded.
In December, 1809, Mr. Clay was again appointed a U.S. senator,
this time to fill the unexpired term of Buckner Thurston, who
had resigned his seat. In the senate he continued his advocacy
of internal improvements, the encouragement of home industries,
the right of preemption to purchasers of public lands, and the
preservation of peace with the Indians, through trade and
intercourse. He sustained the occupation of West Florida in a
powerful speech, and opposed the re-charter of the United States
bank, on constitutional grounds. After the expiration of his
senatorial term, on March 3, 1811, he was elected a
representative in the 12th congress and took his seat Nov. 4,
1811. He was at once made speaker of the house, and contrary to
precedent, often left the chair to take part in the general
debate. He was the leader of the war party and advocated the
enlistment of a volunteer army and the building of an efficient
navy. Although opposed by the conservative administration the
young Americans, under the leadership of Clay, so fanned the war
spark that in June, 1812, war was declared against Great
Britain. Despite the want of success in the prosecution of the
war, Clay vigorously sustained the administration, and his
speeches, which were widely circulated, kept alive the war
spirit, despite the opposition of the Federalists.
In 1813 he was returned to the 13th congress and was again
elected speaker May 23, 1814, on the meeting of the congress in
extra session to take measures for the vigorous prosecution of
the war. He resigned the speakership, Jan. 19, 1814, in order
that he might accompany John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard,
Jonathan Russell and Albert Gallatin to Ghent to meet the
commissioners of Great Britain, with a view to negotiating for
peace. During the five months of conference Mr. Clay
persistently opposed granting to the British the right to
navigate the Mississippi river, and interfering with the rights
of the Indians on U.S. territory. The treaty was signed Dec. 24,
1814, and the American commissioners repaired to Paris whence,
after they had learned of the victory of Gen. Jackson at New
Orleans, Clay, Adams and Gallatin went to London and negotiated
a treaty of commerce.
President Monroe, on organizing his administration, offered to
Mr. Clay the position of U.S. minister to Russia, which he
declined as he also did the war portfolio. During his absence in
Europe his constituents had re-elected him a representative in
congress and he was again elected speaker of the house, Dec. 4,
1815. Throughout the 14th congress he was the leader of the new
Republican party and favored the continuation of direct
taxation, as imposed during the war, the building of public
roads and canals, and the protection of home industries by a
tariff. His opposition to the United States bank in 1811 he now
controverted by advocating the establishment of one as a fiscal
agent of the government, which measure he now declared to be
both expedient and constitutional. His advocacy of an increase
in the pay of representatives almost cost him the support of his
constituents. He was, however, returned to the 15th congress by
a small [p.245] majority.
On Dec. 1, 1817, he was again elected to the speakership by an
almost unanimous vote. President Monroe's veto of the internal
improvement appropriation bill incurred the opposition of Mr.
Clay, whose charges against the administration were attributed
by some to disappointment at not receiving the portfolio of
state. In 1818 he interested himself in behalf of the South
American nations, then contending for independence, and in
congress he demanded that the neutrality law of 1817 be
repealed, and a minister be sent to the united provinces of Rio
de la Plata, rather than commissioners, as proposed by the
President. He criticized General Jackson's conduct of the
Florida war, and in a strong speech in the house denounced as
inhuman Jackson's wholesale execution of Indians. This had the
effect of making a bitter enemy of Jackson, who was the nation's
military hero, and marks the beginning of the decline in Clay's
popularity.
In 1819 he was returned to congress and to the speakership and
in this, the 16th congress, continued his aggressive warfare
against the administration, censuring it for giving up Texas,
which he claimed to belong to the United States by reason of the
Louisiana purchase; and further urging the recognition of the
independence of the South American republics. He supported
Senator Thomas's Missouri compromise, which provided for the
admission of the state with slavery but excluded slavery from
all territory acquired by the Louisiana purchase north of 36°,
30'. When Missouri asked for admittance with a constitution
which should recognize slavery and also prevent free negroes and
mulattoes from coming into the state, the house of
representatives, on motion of Mr. Clay, referred the subject to
a committee of which he was made chairman. This committee,
conjointly with one from the senate, reported a resolution,
conditioning the admission of the state on a provision that no
law be made preventing settlers of any description from coming
into the state who might then or thereafter become citizens of
the United States. This was Mr. Clay's part in the Missouri
compromise, which gained for him the cognomen, "the great
pacificator." Mr. Clay, on retiring from congress at the close
of the first session, May 15, 1820, announced that his financial
affairs demanded his presence in Kentucky, and when congress
reassembled, Nov. 13, 1820, Representative John W. Taylor of New
York was elected speaker ad interim. Mr. Clay took the chair
Jan. 16, 1821, and at the adjournment of congress, March 3,
1821, he resumed his law practice and his duties as counsel in
Ohio and Kentucky for the United States bank.
In 1822 he was again elected representative in congress and on
the assembling of the 18th congress, Dec. 1, 1823, he was chosen
speaker. He advocated a tariff law, internal improvements and a
liberal construction of constitutional power, even going so far
as to advocate the sending of a commissioner to the struggling
people of Greece. In 1824 he was the candidate of the new
Republican party for president and in the electoral college he
received thirty-seven votes for president and two for
vice-president. The election being thrown into the house of
representatives, Mr. Clay gave his influence to John Quincy
Adams, who was elected. In making up his cabinet, Mr. Adams made
Clay his secretary of state and this led to the charge of
"bargain and corruption," by the supporters of Jackson and
Crawford. The controversy led to a bloodless duel between Clay
and John Randolph, April 8, 1826. As secretary of state he
arranged favorable treaties with Great Britain and the various
European and South American governments, and at the close of the
administration, March 3, 1829, he retired to his farm at Ashland
and visited several southern and western states, where he
addressed the people on current political questions.
In 1831 he was elected to the United States senate for a full
term and took his seat in the 22nd congress, Dec. 5, 1831.
During the same month he was nominated by the Republican
National convention as its candidate for the presidency, with
John Sergeant of Pennsylvania for vice-president. In the senate
Mr. Clay supported the "American system" of tariff for
protection, in spite of the general opinion that the rapid
reduction of the public debt justified a radical reduction in
the tariff. He favored distributing the proceeds from the sale
of public lands among the states, and pressed the bill renewing
the charter of the United States bank through both houses, but
it was vetoed by the President.
In the election of November, 1832, Mr. Clay was defeated,
receiving only forty-nine electoral votes against 219 for
Jackson. On Feb. 12, 1833, he introduced in the senate a
compromise bill providing for a gradual reduction of the tariff,
which passed both houses and was signed by the President. On the
passage of the bill South Carolina repealed her act of 1832,
which had declared the tariff laws null and void.
When the President ordered the removal of the government
deposits from the United States bank, Mr. Clay presented to the
senate resolutions censuring him for "assuming a power not
conferred by the constitution and laws." These resolutions, with
a few modifications, were adopted and called from the President
an indignant protest, which was met by a forcible denunciation
from Mr. Clay of the President's course, and the resolutions
were sustained.
In the 23rd congress, Senator Clay continued his attacks on the
measures of the administration; prevented the President from
making reprisals upon French property because of the non-payment
by that government of indemnity due the United States; and
employed every means to restrict the removals from office for
political reasons and to repeal the Presidential tenure of
office act.
In the 24th congress he favored the reception of anti-slavery
petitions against the exclusion of anti-slavery literature from
the mails, but opposed the abolition of slavery in the District
of Columbia. He was chairman of the committee on foreign
affairs, and when Texas applied for admission as a state he
delayed action.
The 25th congress met in extra session, Sept. 4, 1837, to
provide some relief to the country from the existing financial
crisis, and upon the introduction of President Van Buren's
sub-treasury plan Mr. Clay opposed it as calculated to "unite
the power of the purse with the power of the sword," and urged
the restoration of the United States bank. He succeeded in
putting off the adoption of the measure for three sessions.
In 1840 he was disappointed at not receiving the nomination to
the presidency and upon the election of General Harrison he
declined the portfolio of state. Upon the accession of John
Tyler to the presidency Clay opposed his administration, and in
the 27th congress secured the repeal of the sub-treasury act and
caused to be passed two bills providing for the incorporation of
a new United States bank, which were vetoed by the President. He
offered three amendments to the constitution, one limiting the
veto power of the President, another providing for the
appointment of the secretary of the treasury and the U.S.
treasurer by congress, and a third forbidding the appointment of
members of congress, when in office, to executive positions.
On March 31, 1842, he resigned his seat in the senate, eleven
months before the end of his term, and was succeeded by John J.
Crittenden. He at once made a tour of the states and was
received by his admirers with great enthusiasm. His appearance
before the people and his eloquent speeches won for him the Whig
nomination in 1844. He had written a letter declaring his
opposition to the admission of Texas, and the Democratic party,
in nominating James K. Polk, made the Texas question an issue.
This brought from Mr. Clay another letter stating that he had no
personal objection to its admission, but New York refused her
support and Clay was again defeated, receiving 105 electoral
votes to 170 for Polk. His favorite son had been killed in the
war with Mexico, falling at Buena Vista, and this, added to
financial troubles, greatly embittered his life. Mr. Clay had
previously warned the country against the danger of giving place
to the ambition of conquest, and now declared that the war had
been waged only to fix the boundaries of Texas, and not to
acquire foreign territory for the purpose of the propagation of
slavery.
In 1848 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Whig nomination
and his disappointment prevented his taking any part in the
campaign. In December, 1848, he was unanimously re-elected to
the U.S. senate and took his seat, Dec. 3, 1849. He recommended
to the state convention, which met to amend the constitution of
Kentucky, a provision for the gradual emancipation of the
slaves. On Jan. 29, 1850, Senator Clay proposed his
"comprehensive scheme of compromise," which resulted in the
compromise of 1850. This gave him renown as a statesman and for
a time restored quiet to the country, but it failed to satisfy
the demands of the radicals, north or south. To make the measure
more effective, forty-four senators and representatives, led by
Senator Clay, issued a manifesto in January, 1851, declaring
that they would not support any man for political office who
would not pledge himself against disturbing the matters settled
by the compromise. In February, 1851, the capture of Burns, the
fugitive slave, in Boston, called from Mr. Clay a proposition to
confer upon the President extraordinary powers in order that the
fugitive slave law could be enforced.
After the adjournment of the 31st congress, Mr. Clay's health
began to fail. He journeyed to Cuba and on his return to Ashland
importuned his friends not to present his name as a presidential
candidate at the coming convention. He went to Washington to
take his seat in the senate, Dec. 1, 1851, but his illness
prevented and only once during the session of the 32nd congress
was he in his seat, and then only for a short time. He received
Kossuth in his room and made a short speech to the patriot.
Before his death he learned that both great political parties
had accepted at their national conventions in 1852, his
compromise measure of 1850 as the final settlement of the
slavery question. George D. Prentice wrote a "Life of Henry
Clay" (1831). His speeches were collected and published by R.
Chambers in 1842. James B. Swain published "Life and Speeches of
Henry Clay" (1843); Epes Sargent's "Life of Henry Clay,"
published in 1843, was edited and completed by Horace Greeley in
1852; D. Mallery wrote "Life and Speeches of Henry Clay," 1844:
new edition 1857; the Rev. Calvin Colton prepared "Life and
Times of Henry Clay," published in six volumes and including his
speeches and correspondence (1846-57). This work was revised in
1864. His name was given a place in the Hall of Fame for Great
Americans, in October, 1900, in Class M, with John Adams,
Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, Washington and Webster. He died in
Washington, D. C., June 29, 1852.[p.247]
Children:
2 Henrietta CLAY
2 Theodore Wythe CLAY b: 1802
2 Thomas Hart CLAY b: 22 SEP 1803 d: 18 MAR 1871 + Marie
MENTELLE
2 Susan Hart CLAY b: 1805 + Martin DURALDE
2 Ann Brown CLAY b: 7 APR 1807 d: 1835 + James ERWIN
2 Lucretia Hart CLAY b: 1809
2 Henry CLAY b: 1811 d: 22 FEB 1847 + Julia PRATHER b: 16 MAY
1814 d: 13 FEB 1840
2 Eliza CLAY b: 1815 d: 1825
2 Laura CLAY b: 1815
2 James Brown CLAY b: NOV 1817 d: 25 JAN 1864 + Susanna Maria
JACOB
2 John Morrison CLAY b: 1821 d: 1887 + Josephine RUSSELL
[156977]
funeral services held in the Chamber of the Senate
_Henry I CLAY ___________+ | (1672 - 1760) m 1707 _John CLAY __________| | (1718 - 1761) m 1740| | |_Mary MITCHELL __________+ | (1693 - 1777) m 1707 _John CLAY __________| | (1742 - 1781) m 1765| | | _Edward WATKINS Sr.______+ | | | (1676 - ....) m 1723 | |_Sarah WATKINS ______| | (1726 - 1750) m 1740| | |_Mary Bishop TAYLOR _____+ | (1688 - 1770) m 1723 | |--Henry CLAY "The Great Compromiser" | (1777 - 1852) | _John HUDSON ____________ | | (1690 - 1732) m 1714 | _George HUDSON ______| | | (1712 - 1772) m 1745| | | |_Elizabeth L. HARRIS ____+ | | (1698 - 1758) m 1714 |_Elizabeth HUDSON ___| (1748 - 1829) m 1765| | _William Henry JENNINGS _ | | (1702 - 1782) m 1723 |_Elizabeth JENNINGS _| (1729 - 1782) m 1745| |_Mary Jane PULLIAM ______ (1705 - ....) m 1723
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Mother: PENDLETON |
__ | _____________________________| | | | |__ | _ HARRIS ____________| | (1770 - ....) | | | __ | | | | |_____________________________| | | | |__ | | |--Robert HARRIS | (1795 - ....) | __ | | | _(RESEARCH QUERY) PENDLETON _| | | | | | |__ | | |_ PENDLETON _________| (1770 - ....) | | __ | | |_____________________________| | |__
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Also See: "Genealogy of the Hickman Families of Virginia,
Kentucky, Indiana and Texas" by Clarence N. Hickman, publ. in
New York in 1967. It goes into some detail about Col. James
Hickman's forbears.
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Mother: Mary Catherine SAUNDERS |
_George HICKS (HIX) Gent. Sr._ | (1695 - 1762) _Robert HICKS ___________________| | (1730 - 1765) | | |______________________________ | _Benjamin HICKS Sr._______| | (1750 - 1814) m 1775 | | | ______________________________ | | | | |_Mary PEGUES ____________________| | (1730 - ....) | | |______________________________ | | |--Hannah HICKS | (1780 - ....) | ______________________________ | | | _George SAUNDERS "the Immigrant"_| | | (1709 - 1753) | | | |______________________________ | | |_Mary Catherine SAUNDERS _| (1749 - 1827) m 1775 | | ______________________________ | | |_Hannah GIBSON __________________| (1719 - 1773) | |______________________________
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Mother: Josephine Temperance PATTERSON |
_Aaron HIGGINBOTHAM II_+ | (1752 - 1794) m 1775 _Absolom HIGGINBOTHAM _____| | (1781 - 1866) m 1806 | | |_Nancy CROXTON ________+ | (1756 - 1823) m 1775 _Aaron Lewis HIGGINBOTHAM _______| | (1826 - 1906) m 1885 | | | _Benjamin SANDIDGE ____+ | | | (1758 - 1829) m 1783 | |_Mary C. "Polly" SANDIDGE _| | (1789 - 1871) m 1806 | | |_Elizabeth CHILDRESS __+ | (1765 - 1845) m 1783 | |--Grover Jay HIGGINBOTHAM | (1888 - 1954) | _______________________ | | | ___________________________| | | | | | |_______________________ | | |_Josephine Temperance PATTERSON _| (1860 - 1924) m 1885 | | _______________________ | | |___________________________| | |_______________________
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Mother: Mary LOGWOOD |
_(RESEARCH QUERY) LOCKETT\LOCKHART of Chesterfield Co. VA_ | _Benjamin LOCKETT ______________| | (1698 - ....) | | |__________________________________________________________ | _Richard LOCKETT ____| | (1727 - ....) m 1759| | | __________________________________________________________ | | | | |________________________________| | | | |__________________________________________________________ | | |--Josiah LOCKETT | (1770 - ....) | _(RESEARCH QUERY) LOGWOOD Old Virginia____________________ | | | _Edmund LOGWOOD "the Immigrant"_| | | (1695 - 1775) m 1719 | | | |__________________________________________________________ | | |_Mary LOGWOOD _______| (1730 - ....) m 1759| | __________________________________________________________ | | |_Jane EKE ______________________| (1702 - ....) m 1719 | |__________________________________________________________
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Mother: Margaret Elizabeth PENDLETON |
_________________________ | _____________________| | | | |_________________________ | _Philip Edward MOSS ___________| | (1848 - 1931) | | | _________________________ | | | | |_____________________| | | | |_________________________ | | |--Margaret Eva MOSS | (1880 - ....) | _________________________ | | | _Jake PENDLETON _____| | | (1821 - ....) | | | |_________________________ | | |_Margaret Elizabeth PENDLETON _| (1847 - 1931) | | _Creed Taylor PENDLETON _+ | | (1795 - 1835) m 1820 |_Mary PENDLETON _____| (1822 - 1896) | |_Lucinda WALKER _________+ (1800 - 1873) m 1820
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Father: WILLIAM SEMPHILL 2nd Lord Mother: MARIOT or MARGARET MONTGOMERY |
__________________________________ | _JOHN SEMPHILL 1st Lord____________| | (.... - 1513) | | |__________________________________ | _WILLIAM SEMPHILL 2nd Lord______| | (.... - 1552) m 1517 | | | _ROBERT COLVILLE of Ochiltree_____ | | | (1430 - ....) | |_MARGARET COLVILLE ________________| | (.... - 1504) | | |__________________________________ | | |--ROBERT SEMPHILL 3rd Lord | (1505 - ....) | _ALEXANDER MONTGOMERY 2nd Lord____+ | | (1455 - ....) m 1459 | _HUGH MONTGOMERY 1st Earl of Eglin_| | | (1460 - 1525) | | | |_KATHERINE KENNEDY _______________+ | | (1441 - ....) m 1459 |_MARIOT or MARGARET MONTGOMERY _| m 1517 | | _COLIN CAMPBELL 1st Earl of Argyl_+ | | (1431 - 1493) m 1455 |_HELEN CAMPBELL ___________________| (1460 - ....) | |_ISOBEL (Elizabeth) STEWART ______+ (1437 - 1510) m 1455
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